ECE293 ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS I LAB

LABORATORY MANUAL

SEMESTER IV

AMRITA VISHWA VIDYAPEETHAM

UNIVERSITY

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

Amrita School of Engineering
Ettimadai

Code
ECE293
Aim:

Course Title
Electronic Circuits I Lab

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To expose the students to the domain of Analog Electronics and Design of

Basic Analog Circuits

Objective: To design and carry out experiments on various basic analog electronic
circuits
List of Experiments

1.

Basic DC Circuits and Analysis

2.

Basic AC Circuits and Analysis

3.

Characteristics of pn Junction Diode

4.

Characteristics of BJT

5.

Study of Loading using Resistor Networks

6.

Design of DC Power Supply

7.

Design of Astable Multivibrator using BJT

8.

CE Amplifier Design

9.

General Electronic System Design

Subject Code:

ECE293

Semester : IV

Subject Title:

Electronic Circuits I Lab

Pre Requisite Course:

NIL

OBJECTIVE AND PROGRAM OUTCOME

Sl.No.

1.

2.

3.

4.

Objective

Program Outcome

To understand basic bread

Students are exposed to

board connections and

bread board wiring, DC

work with basic DC and

meters and Oscilloscopes

AC measuring devices

and Signal Generators

To characterize basic pn

Students are exposed to

junction devices and

characteristics of basic

understand Loading

junction devices

To Design and Implement

Student is exposed to Basic

Basic Analog Electronic

Analog Electronic Circuits

Circuits

Design and Analysis

Design Simple Electronic

Students are expected to

Systems

build a simple system and

understand system design
nuances

Experiment Details

Experiments 1-2

Experiments 3-5

Experiments 6-8

Experiment 9

Subject Code:

ECE293

Semester : IV

Subject Title:

Electronic Circuits I Lab

Pre Requisite Course:

NIL
EXPERIMENT DETAILS

General Requirements for All experiments

Resistors and Capacitors are basic to all experiments
Ammeter 0-10mA, Voltmeter 0-10V
Function Generator : 0-3MHz, CRO/DSO: 0-30MHz :BNC Probes : Single Ended

S.No.

Name of Experiment

Specific
Equipments/Components
Required

1.

Basic DC Circuits and

Analysis

2.

Basic AC Circuits and

Analysis

3.

Characterization of Diode

4.

Characterization of BJT

DIODE 1N4007, Zener

Diode
BJT : BC107/SL100

5.

Study of Loading

Resistors

6.

Design of DC Power Supply

Centre tapped Transformer

7.

Astable Multivibrator-BJT

BJT BC107/SL100

8.

CE Amplifier

BJT BC 107/SL100

9.

General Electronic System

Design-1

LT 547 Display , Digital 74

series IC

Specification

6-0-6

ECE293 ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS I LAB

Laboratory Policies and Report Format
1. General Guidelines for Conducting Laboratory

Each class needs to be split into two halves (batch A & B)

In each Batch, create individual groups of three each, maximum of 12 groups in
each batch.
The first class should be an explanatory class, regarding the aim and scope of lab,
the devices encountered and all allied details. Details regarding the maintenance of
observation/ record need to be explained.
The internal evaluation will be out of a score of 50.
There will be a Periodical Exam, in mid semester, evaluated out of 30. The
evaluation exam will be done by students individually.
There will be a final evaluation exam out of 20. The evaluation exam will be done
by the student individually.

2. Conduct of Experiments:

The first four experiments will be done sequentially. Each class will finish these
experiments in successive weeks.
In view of the components availability, the experiments 5-10 will be carried out in two
cycles. In each batch there may be 12 groups, the three experiments can be split among
them. This will ensure smooth availability of components for each group.
The last two experiments are intended to expose the students to the effects faced when
assembling small electronic systems, involving two or more individual circuits.

3. Observation /record:

Each student will maintain an observation note book, which will serve as record book.
There is no need for a separate record book.
The book will be standard Long book, with soft bound. It will be duly wrapped with
brown cover. Uniformity needs to be enforced here, since this same notebook acts as
the Record.
The book needs to be maintained with utmost neatness, and marks will be provided for
it.

4. Evaluation Pattern:
The internal evaluation could be done out of a score of 50.
Preparation: 30 Experiment /Readings/General Conduct in Lab: 10 Result/Submission:
10
4.1.Preparation: (30)

The students will be provided all the details of the experiment prior.
The student has to come prepared for each lab with the Aim, Apparatus required, Circuit
diagram, Observation table, Design Calculations and Procedure.

Contents in Right hand side of Notebook: Experiment Number, Date, Title, Aim,
Apparatus required, Procedure
Contents in Left Hand side of Notebook: Circuit Diagram, Observation table,
Calculations.
Except circuit diagram and the table for the observations, everything should be written
legibly and neatly in pen. Circuit diagram and tables in pencil. Entries in table to be in
pen.

The 30 marks will be provided by the staff concerned by considering all the above aspects. A
small viva component could also be added. The viva need not be applicable for the first four
experiments.
4.2.Experiment/Observation/general Conduct in Lab: (10)

The concerned staff will provide this in the lab session itself, based on his/her
observation of the student.

4.3.Result /Submission: (10)

The student has to write an Inference, as to what he/she has learnt from the experiment.
It can be minimum 5-10 lines and maximum half a page.
The required graphs must be present.
The required numerical results must be presented with calculations.

Exp. No:1
Date:

BASIC DC CIRCUITS AND ANALYSIS

1.1. OBJECTIVE:

1. To learn basic wiring in bread board and employ meters to measure I,V.
2. Verify Thevenins theorem.

1.2. HARDWARE REQUIRED:

S.No.
1.

Component
Resistors

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Bread Board
Wires
Ammeter
Voltmeter
DC Regulated Power
Supply

Specification

Quantity

1 K
2.2K, 3.3K,10K

8
One each
1
As required
1
1
1

0-10mA
0-10V
0-30V

1.3.CIRCUIT
DIAGRAM:

R1

R3
R2

R5
R4

1.4. PROCEDURE:
PART -I
1. Wire the circuit in a bread board. Fix the load resistor value as 2.2K.
2. Attach ammeter in each branch and determine the current reading experimentally
3. Determine the voltages V1, V2 and VL. Determine the voltage VR3 and VR5.
4. Vary the load resistor as 3.3 K and determine the above observations.
5. Vary the load resistor as 10 K and determine the above observations.
6. For any one load resistor value, determine the current and voltage values theoretically
and cross check with the obtained experimental results.
PART II
1. Determine the Thevenin equivalent of the above circuit at the load point
2. For the same loads 2.2K, 3.3K, 10K, determine the load voltage and current

3.

Verify Thevenins theorem, by comparing the observations obtained in Part -I

1.5. MODEL GRAPH:

Not Applicable

1.6. OBSERVATIONS:
Table 1.1 Current Observations in Main Circuit
RL (K)
2.2
3.3
10

i1(mA)

i2(mA)

i3(mA)

i4(mA)

i5 (iL)(mA)

Table 1.2. Voltage Observations in Main Circuit

RL (K)
2.2
3.3
10

V1 (V)

V2 (V)

VL (V)

VR3 (V)

Table 1.3 Observations in Thevenin Circuit

RL (K)
2.2
3.3
10
1.7. INFERENCE :

1.8. RESULT:
1.9.POST LAB QUESTION:

VL (V)

(iL)(mA)

VR5 (V)

Exp. No:2
Date:
2.1.OBJECTIVE:

BASIC AC MEASUREMENTS

To understand measure basic AC measurements

2.2.HARDWARE REQUIRED:
S.No.
1.

Component
Resistors

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Capacitor
Bread Board
Wires
Function Generator
Cathode Ray Oscilloscope

Specification
1 K
2.2K
6.8K
0.22F

0- 3MHz
0-30MHz

Quantity
3
2
1
1
1
As required
1
1

2.3.CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

2.4. PROCEDURE:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Wire the circuit in a bread board. Fix the load resistor value as 6.8K AND 0.22f in
series as shown in the diagram.
Attach the CRO. Connect the input to channel 2, and output to channel 1.
The function generator acts as the AC source. Consider Sine wave option.
For the entire frequency spectrum, measure the voltages, V in, V1, V2 and VL
Peak-Peak values are measured.
At each frequency, determine the delay (in time scale) between the input and load
voltage. Record the phase shift.

2.5.MODEL GRAPH:
2.6.OBSERVATIONS:

Not Applicable

Table 2.1. Voltage Observations(Peak-peak) and Delay between Input and

Load voltages
Frequency
(Hz)

Vin (V) V1 (V)

2.7. INFERENCE :
2.8. RESULT:
2.9.POST LAB QUESTION:

V2 (V)

VL (V)

Delay (s)

Exp. No:3
Date:

CHARACTERISTICS OF JUNCTION DIODES

3.1.OBJECTIVE:

To implement circuits to understand the working of pn junctions:

signal diode and zener diode

3.2.HARDWARE REQUIRED:
S.No.
1.

Component
Resistors

2.

Diode

3.

Ammeter

4.

Voltmeter

5.
6.
7.

Wires
Bread Board
DC Regulated Power Supply

Specification
1 K
1N4007
Zener Diode
0-10 mA
0-50mA
0-10 V
0-1 V

0-30 V

Quantity
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
As required
1
1

3.3. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Figure 3.1. Forward Characteristics of Diode 1N4007

Figure 3.2. Reverse Characteristics of Zener Diode

3.4. PROCEDURE:
A. Forward Bias of 1N4007
Wire the circuit shown in Figure 3.1.
Slowly change the value of supply DC, and note the voltages across the diode and
current through the diode.
3. Note down the observations in table 3.1
4. Using the Diode exponential model equation try to ascertain the value of scaling
current and constant n.
1.
2.

B. Reverse Bias Characteristics of Zener Diode.

1.
2.
3.

Wire the circuit shown in Figure 3.2.

Slowly change the value of supply DC, and note the voltages across the diode and
current through the diode.
Note down the observations in table 3.2

3.5. MODEL GRAPHS

3.6. OBSERVATIONS:

Table 3.1. Forward Characteristics

of 1N4007
Vin
VD
ID

3.7.INFERENCE :
3.8. RESULT:

Table 3.2. Reverse Characteristics

of Zener Diode
Vin
VD
ID

Exp. No:4
Date:

CHARACTERISTICS OF JUNCTION TRANSISTOR

4.1.OBJECTIVE:

To implement circuits to understand the working of BJT

4.2.HARDWARE REQUIRED:
S.No.
1.
2.

Component
Resistors
BJT

3.

Ammeter

4.

Voltmeter

5.
6.
7.

Wires
Bread Board
DC Regulated Power Supply

Specification
1 K
BC107
0-10 mA
0-50A
0-10 V
0-1 V

0-30 V

Quantity
1
1
1
1
1
1
As required
1
1

4.3. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Figure 4.1. Base-Emitter Characteristics of BJT BC107

Figure 4.2. Collector Characteristics of BJT BC107

4.4. PROCEDURE:

1.
2.
3.
4.

A. Base Emitter Characteristics of BC107

Wire the circuit shown in Figure 4.1. Adjust Vcc and fix a value of VCE
Slowly change the value of VBB, and note the voltages across the base-emitter junction
(VBE) and current the junction iB.
Note down the observations in table 4.1
Repeat the observations for varying values of V CE

B. Collector Characteristics of BC107.

1.
2.
3.
4.

Wire the circuit shown in Figure 4.2. Adjust VBB and fix a value of base current iB.
Slowly change the value of VCC, and note the voltages VCE and collector current iC
Note down the observations in table 4.2
Repeat the observations for varying values of base current.

4.5.MODEL GRAPHS:
4.6. OBSERVATIONS:
Table. 4.1. Base Emitter Curves
VCE =0V VCE =1.5 V VCE =2V
VBE IB VBE
IB
VBE IB

4.7.INFERENCE :
4.8. RESULT:

Table. 4.2. Collector Curves

IB =10A IB =20A IB =30A
VCE IC
VCE IC
VCE IC

Exp. No:5
Date:

STUDY OF LOADING EFFECTS IN ELECCTRONIC SYSTEMS

5.1.OBJECTIVE:

To design circuits to understand Loading effects and understand the

terms input and output impedance

5.2.HARDWARE REQUIRED:
S.No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Component
Resistors
Ammeter
Voltmeter
Wires
Bread Board
DC Regulated Power Supply

Specification
1 K
0-50mA
0-10 V

0-30 V

Quantity
1
2
1
As required
1
1

5.3. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Figure 5.1. Resistor Network for Studying Loading Effects

5.4. PROCEDURE:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Wire the circuit shown in Figure 5.1.

Attach two ammeters for measuring the source current (IS) and load Current (IL)
Initially measure the voltage (V2) with open circuited load (RL=)
Now for varying load resistances from 3.3K till 47, determine the source and load
current, and the voltage V2.
Complete the observations in table 5.1
If required for more clarity, change the 220 resistor to say 2.2K, and repeat the
experiment.
Understand the reason behind fixing lower sourcing impedance and higher load
impedance in a comparative sense.

5.5. MODEL GRAPHS:

Not Applicable

5.6. OBSERVATIONS:
RL ()

5.7.INFERENCE :
5.8. RESULT:

V2 (Volts)

IS (mA)

IL (mA)