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Cell Division
Cell division observed in a lung cell maintained
in cell culture
Interphase:
The period between
cell divisions
G1 phase (gap 1)
S phase (synthesis)
G2 phase (gap 2)
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Figure 17-4 Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008)
2.
3.
Stem cell
cyclin-dependent kinases
(Cdks)
phosphorylate other proteins
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M Phase
cytokinesis starts before mitosis is finished
* panel 17-1
Prophase
Replicated chromosomes
condense:
centrosome duplication
bipolar microtubules
Chromosome condensation
At the end of G2 the replicated
chromosomes are dispersed and
tangled
centromere
centrosome
Prophase:
Bipolar mitotic spindle is
assembled
requires disassembly and reassembly
of microtubules
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Figure 16-30b Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008)
Centrosome structure
The centrosome MTOC:
A pair of centrioles:
Organised at right angles to each
other
Composed of:
A nucleated
microtubule
Surrounded by:
Pericentriolar material (in blue)
gamma-tubulin ring complexes
(gamma-TuRCs)
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plus
minus
-TuRC
A similar structure is shown in Figure 16-29 Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008)
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1 centrosome
2 centrioles
1 centrosome
2 big centrioles
2 small centrioles
2 centrosomes
4 centrioles
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Centrosome duplication is
semi-conservative
Each centriole serves as a template for a new centriole.
Complete mitotic
spindle assembly
requires nuclear
envelope breakdown
green is PCM
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Figure 17-31 Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008)
(Late)
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Prometaphase
Mitotic spindle assembly is
completed
start to get pushed together
Chromosomes attach to
spindle microtubules
Chromosome movement
begins
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help position
spindle
Figure 17-28
interdigitate
(chromosomal microtubules)
help position
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go from spindle pole to kinetochore
spindle
Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008)
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Figure 17-30 Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008)
Metaphase
All chromsomes are
aligned:
Microtubules from
opposite poles:
are attached to
kinetochores of sister
chromatids
single spindle
binds to 1 kinetochore
collar structure
surrounding microtubial
plus end
kinetochores bound
tightly, and pulled
Figure 17-37 Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008)
Figure 17-39 Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008)
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an important checkpoint
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Anaphase
Sister chromatids separate
to form the two daughter
chromosomes
They are pulled towards
opposite poles
Kinetochore microtubules:
shorten
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anaphase B
Telophase
Nuclear envelope
reassembly:
Marks the end of Mitosis
but not of M-phase
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reassembles lamins
start reforming nuclear
membrane around each
chromosome
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Cytokinesis
Cytoplasm divided in
two:
by a contractile ring of:
actin and myosin
The interphase microtubules
reform in each daughter cell
Marks the end of M phase
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Cytokinesis requires:
At the beginning of
mitosis actin and myosin
arrays disassemble
They assemble at the
contractile ring at the end
of mitosis.
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Figure 17-49 Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008)
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Figure 17-9 Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008)
Meiosis
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Figure 17-47 Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008)
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Figure 17-9 Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008)
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End
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