ELEMENTARY SURVEYING

FIELD MANUAL
FIELD WORK NO. 5

DIFFERENTIAL LEVELING
WITH AND WITHOUT
TURNING
CE120-0F/B3

SUBMITTED BY:
CRIS ANGELO PANGILINAN
GROUP V
III
DATE OF FIELD WORK: AUGUST 3, 2016
AUGUST 17,2016

SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR. IRA BALMORIS

STUDENT#: 2014108869
CHIEF OF PARTY: GERONIMO VACNOT
DATE OF SUBMISSION:

GRADE
INSTRUMENTS USED

1) LEVELING ROD
- a graduated rod used in measuring the vertical
distance between a point on the ground and
the line of sight of a surveyor's level
2) CHALK (FOR PAVEMENTS)
- a substance that is made into white or
colored sticks and used for writing or
drawing

3) 2 PLUMB BOBS
- A plumb bob or a plummet is a weight,
usually with a pointed tip on the bottom
that is suspended from a string and used
as a vertical reference line, or plumb-line.
is essentially the vertical equivalent of a
"water level".

4) PRECISE LEVEL
- An Auto Level is a Professional Leveling Tool
used by Contractors, Builders, Land
Surveying Professionals, or the Engineer
who demands accurate leveling every time.

It

FINAL DATA SHEET

FIELD WORK NO. 5

DIFFERENTIAL LEVELING WITH AND WITHOUT TURNING

DATE: AUGUST 3, 2016

GROUP NO.: 5

TIME: 7:30-12:00 NN

LOCATION: WALLS

WEATHER: SUNNY

PROFESSOR: ENGR. BALMORIS

A. DIFFERENTIAL LEVELING: WITHOUT TURNING POINT (SINGLE SET-UP)

STATION

BS

FS

2.021
2
0.91

0.40

DIFFERENCE IN
ELEVATION
1.6212

2.56

1.65

MEAN OR MOST PROBABLE

DIFFERENCE IN ELEVATION
1.6356

B. DIFFERENTIAL LEVELING: WITHOUT TURNING POINT (SINGLE RODED)

STATION
BM-1
TP-1
TP-2
BM-2
TP-3
TP-4
BM-1

BS
1.34
1.36
2.38
0.144
1.28
1.36

HI
101.34
102.576
104.156
104.18
102.6
102.52

FS
0.124
0.80
0.12
2.86
1.49
1.30

ELEVATION
100
101.216
101.776
104.036
101.32
101.16
101.22

REMARKS
UNEVEN
UNEVEN
UNEVEN
EVEN
UNEVEN
UNEVEN
UNEVEN

E. SKETCH

SETUP THE PRECISE LEVEL AND PLACING THE LEVELING ROD ON THE DESIGNATED POINT

AFTER SECURING THE PRECISE LEVEL, THE SURVEYOR WILL TAKE THE READING AND
RECORD THE NECESSARY DATA.

RESEARCH AND DISCUSSION

A thorough knowledge of leveling principles and proper

application of methods and equipment will prevent costly delays
and generate the needed results and accuracy. Here are some
techniques to reduce error: Make certain the bubble is centered
when you make a rod reading, keep the rod plumb when the
reading is taken, establish equal BS and FS reading distances,
equal reading distances will cancel out any error caused by the
line of sight not being parallel with the axis of the bubble tube on
the Dumpy Level, not as important with the self-leveling
Automatic Levels and lastly not always possible due to terrain.
The most common type of level is an automatic level. It gets its
name from an internal compensation system which maintains a
horizontal LoS automatically if the instrument is disturbed. The
compensation system consists of combinations of fixed and free
swinging prisms and mirrors. When the instrument is level the LoS
is horizontal. The cross-sectional view shows how the incoming
horizontal LoS is reflected and refracted and emerges at the
eyepiece in a parallel path.

CONCLUSION
Though we find it difficult on how to figure out this field work, we
find ways on how to do this because our group was determined to
complete this field work no matter what so that we could have
results to compute for our field report. We acquire the knowledge
on how to find the elevation of a point from a benchmark of
known elevation by establishing turning points and from the
points that are unknown elevation. We also develop the technical
circumstances on how to use the precise level, first we need to
adjust the leg of the tripod then we found out on how to make the
bubble of the precise level in the middle of the circle then we start
the field work. We are also determined on how we can work
harmoniously and effectively as a group while performing each
assigned task to us. The probable sources of our error are uneven
flooring, the tripod were not balanced or the bubble on the tube
is not on the center. In performing this experiment, a least error
you might get.

ELEMENTARY SURVEYING
FIELD MANUAL
FIELD WORK NO. 6

DIFFERENTIAL LEVELING
WITH TURNING POINTS
CE120-0F/B3

SUBMITTED BY:
CRIS ANGELO PANGILINAN
GROUP V
PANGILINAN

STUDENT#: 2014108869
CHIEF OF PARTY: CRIS ANGELO

DATE OF FIELD WORK: AUGUST 3, 2016

AUGUST 17,2016

DATE OF SUBMISSION:

SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR. IRA BALMORIS
GRADE

INSTRUMENTS USED

5) LEVELING ROD
- a graduated rod used in measuring the vertical
distance between a point on the ground and
the line of sight of a surveyor's level
6) CHALK (FOR PAVEMENTS)
- a substance that is made into white or
colored sticks and used for writing or
drawing

7) 2 PLUMB BOBS
- A plumb bob or a plummet is a weight,
usually with a pointed tip on the bottom
that is suspended from a string and used
as a vertical reference line, or plumb-line.
is essentially the vertical equivalent of a
"water level".

8) PRECISE LEVEL
- An Auto Level is a Professional Leveling Tool
used by Contractors, Builders, Land
Surveying Professionals, or the Engineer
who demands accurate leveling every time.

It

FINAL DATA SHEET

FIELD WORK NO. 6

DIFFERENTIAL LEVELING WITH TURNING POINTS

DATE: AUGUST 3, 2016

GROUP NO.: 5

TIME: 7:30-12:00 NN

LOCATION: WALLS

WEATHER: SUNNY

PROFESSOR: ENGR. BALMORIS

A. PROFILE LEVELING
STATION
BM-1
TP-1L
TP-1H
TP-2L
TP-2H
TP-3L
TP-3H
TP-4L
TP-4H
TP-5L
TP-5H
TP-6L
TP-6H
BM2H
BM2L

E. SKETCH

BS
1.81
1.87
.40
2.30
.61
2.40
.44
2.04
.30
2.20
.79
2.18
1.76
-

HI
108.81
101.88
101.92
102.48
101.92
102.43
101.66
102.13
101.45
102.44
101.77
102.37
101.7
-

FS
1.80
.29
1.90
.30
2.25
.70
2.34
.51
1.89
.47
2.25
1.83
1.39
1.39

ELEVATION
100
100.01
101.52
99.98
101.31
100.03
101.22
100.09
101.15
100.24
100.98
100.19
99.44
100.31
100.98

REMARKS
UNEVEN
UNEVEN
UNEVEN
UNEVEN
UNEVEN
UNEVEN
UNEVEN
UNEVEN
UNEVEN
UNEVEN
UNEVEN
UNEVEN
UNEVEN
UNEVEN
UNEVEN

SETUP THE PRECISE LEVEL AND PLACING THE LEVELING ROD ON THE DESIGNATED POINT

AFTER SECURING THE PRECISE LEVEL, THE SURVEYOR WILL TAKE THE READING AND
RECORD THE NECESSARY DATA.

RESEARCH AND DISCUSSION

A thorough knowledge of leveling principles and proper

application of methods and equipment will prevent costly delays
and generate the needed results and accuracy. Here are some
techniques to reduce error: Make certain the bubble is centered
when you make a rod reading, keep the rod plumb when the
reading is taken, establish equal BS and FS reading distances,
equal reading distances will cancel out any error caused by the
line of sight not being parallel with the axis of the bubble tube on
the Dumpy Level, not as important with the self-leveling
Automatic Levels and lastly not always possible due to terrain.
The most common type of level is an automatic level. It gets its
name from an internal compensation system which maintains a
horizontal LoS automatically if the instrument is disturbed. The
compensation system consists of combinations of fixed and free
swinging prisms and mirrors. When the instrument is level the LoS
is horizontal. The cross-sectional view shows how the incoming
horizontal LoS is reflected and refracted and emerges at the
eyepiece in a parallel path.

CONCLUSION
Though we find it difficult on how to figure out this field work, we
find ways on how to do this because our group was determined to
complete this field work no matter what so that we could have
results to compute for our field report. We acquire the knowledge
on how to find the elevation of a point from a benchmark of
known elevation by establishing turning points and from the
points that are unknown elevation. We also develop the technical
circumstances on how to use the precise level, first we need to
adjust the leg of the tripod then we found out on how to make the
bubble of the precise level in the middle of the circle then we start
the field work. We are also determined on how we can work
harmoniously and effectively as a group while performing each
assigned task to us. The probable sources of our error are uneven
flooring, the tripod were not balanced or the bubble on the tube
is not on the center. In performing this experiment, a least error
you might get.