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IMPACTS OF AGRICULTURAL

ACTIVITIES TO THE ENVIRONMENT

Author: Twaha Ramadhani


Phone: 0768392968

INTRODUCTION
Agricultural is the science, arts, and industry of
managing the growth of plants and animal for making
use of by human

In general agricultural include soil cultivation,


growing and harvesting crops, raising and breeding
livestock, dairy and forestry (crop farming, animal
husbandry, dairy farming, forestry, poultry farming,
and soil management). (Webster and Wilson, 1997)

OBJECTIVES

The main objective of this project is to find out


the effects of agricultural activities to the
environment and to provide the potentials
solution which will help on reducing this impacts
to the environment.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

To describe different types of agricultural


activities practices in Tanzania.
To describe agriculture policy of 1997 and
agricultural policy of 2009 (kilimo kwanza)
To elaborate the effects of agricultural activities
in Tanzania.
To suggest the solutions for reduction of the
effect of agriculture

METHODOLOGY

Literature review
This is through reading of various books
concerning about agricultural and surfing
through internet

SCOPE

The project based on types of agriculture


activities and there impact to the environment
and also ways of reducing those impacts

TYPES OF AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES

NORMADIC HERDING
It is livestock farming in which pastoralists
constantly move from place to place in search of
pasture and water. (Ritson and Christopher,
1997). As shown in figure 1 below

TYPES OF AGRICULTURE ACTIVITIES CONT.

Figure 1 Normadic herding. Available at


(www.agriculture picture in tanzania)

TYPES OF AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES CONT

Shifting Cultivation
Under this system the land for cultivation is
obtained by cleared off the forests with the help
of slashing and burning technique and it is
cultivated for a few years till the fertility declines
or the land is overtaken by the weeds. ( Webster
an Wilson 1997).As shown in the figure 2 below

TYPES OF AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES CONT.

Fig 2:Shifting cultivation


. Available

tanzania)

at (www.agriculture picture in

TYPES OF AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES CONT..


Livestock ranching
Under this system of farming also the major
emphasis is laid on rearing of animals but the
farmers live a settled life. This type of farming
has developed on a commercial purpose.(Ritson
and Christopher, 1997).As shown in the figure 3
below

TYPES OF AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES CONT.

Fig 3: Livestock Ranching


Available at: (www.agriculture picture in tanzania)

TYPES OF AGRICULTURAL CONT.


Rudimentary sedimentary
This is also a subsistence type of activity and it
differs from the foregoing type in terms of the
fact that the same plot of land is cultivated
continuously year after year. (Mtefu,1984).As
shown in the figure 4 below

TYPES OF AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES CONT

Fig 4: Rudimentary Sedentary Tillage


Available at: (www.agriculture picture in tanzania)

TYPES OF AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES CONT

Dairy Farming
This type also practiced in Tanzania were by
cattles were grown genetically purposeful for
production of milk and meat ( Ritson and
Christopher, 1997).As shown in figure 5 below

TYPES OF AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES CONT

Fig 5: Diary farming


Fig 5: Diary Farming
Available at:(www.agriculture picture in tanzania)

TYPES OF AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES CONT


Commercial Plantations
Is a large scale commercial farming in which
cash crops are grown used mechanized
methods. Plantation is also referred to as
estates. Main crops grown in plantation in
Tanzania includes coffee in Kilimanjaro, tea in
Mbeya, sugar cane in Morogoro, and cotton in
Mwanza( Ritson and Christopher,1997).As
shown in figure 6 below

TYPES OF AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES CONT

Fig 6: Commercial plantation


Available at:(www.agricultural picture in tanzania

TYPES OF AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES CONT

Subsistence agriculture
Subsistence agriculture is self-sufficiency
farming in which the farmers focus on growing
enough food to feed their families. ( Ritson and
Christopher,1997).As shown in figure 7 below

TYPES OF AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES CONT

Fig 6: Commercial plantation


Available at:(www.agricultural picture in
tanzania

Fig 7:Subsistence agriculture


Available at:(www.agricultural picture in tanzania

AGRICULTURAL POLICY

Agriculture Policy of 1997 recognizes the need to


improve agri-technics and agriculture practices, to
enhance the agriculture activities for higher productivity.
And therefore labour-augmenting technologies is a key
to agricultural development. As a policy, the
government will establish effective information system
on farm implements, machinery and equipment
(Tanzania Agriculture Policy,1997).

AGRICULTURAL POLICY CONT


POLICY OBJECTIVES
To assure basic food security to the nation and increase
nutritional standards.
To improve standards of living in rural areas through
increased income from Agriculture and livestock.
To increase foreign exchange earnings for the nation by
increased production and exportation of cash crops.
To produce and supply raw materials to local Industries
both from crops and livestock.
To develop and introduce new technologies so as to
increase the productivity and labour and land.{ Webster
and Wilson 1997}

AGRICULTURAL POLICY CONT

KILIMO KWANZA POLICY OF 2009


Kilimo kwanza policy is to inspire investment in
agriculture as a catalyst for the country, Industrial
revolution drive

AGRICULTURAL POLICY CONT


POLICY OBJECTIVES
To improve quality and quantity of crops
To increase the productivity, profitability and
farm income
To provide financial skills as a key to
KlimoKwanza
To encourage private sector to invest in
agricultural activities
To improve the integrity soil fertility
The natural resources management should be
conserved (Rao, 1993).

EFFECTS OF ANGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES


POSITIVE EFFECTS
Draught animal power
Fertilizer production
Weed control
Source of fuel
Employment opportunities
Source of food and herbs
(Ritson and Christopher,1997.)

EFFECTS OF ANGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES CONT


NEGATIVE EFFECTS
Deforestation
Soil erosion
Loss of soil fertility
Loss of biodiversity
Destruction of catchment's areas
Land pollution
Global warming and desertification
(Ritson and Christopher,1997.)

EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES CONT

Fig 7:Subsistence agriculture


Available at:(www.agricultural picture in
tanzania

fig:8 defforestation and desertification


Available at:(www.agricultural picture in tanzania

EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES CONT

fig:9 loss of soil fertility


Available at:(www.agricultural picture in tanzania

SUGGESTIONS

Provision of education to the farmers/


pastoralists
Emphasis farmers on the use of fertilizers and
insecticides
The use of crop rotation
Practice contour phlouging in crop cultivation
Strong implementations of agricultural policies

CONCLUSION

Due to those impacts of agricultural activities to


the environment in Tanzania, the Tanzanian
government finds the ways to minimize those
impacts by establishing different policies like a
forestation, control overgrazing and application
of technological method on farming.

RECOMENDATION
The government should provide education to the farmers/
pastoralists on how to practice safe farming and good pastoralism
so as to protect the environment from different impacts or to lead to
positive impacts.
There should be high emphasis of farmers and pastoralist on the
use of good fertilizers and good insecticides so as animals and
crops should in a nice situation so that they should not affect the
environment.
The farmers in Tanzania should practisecrop rotation so as to
maintain soil fertility and keep the land in a nice situation for positive
impacts.
Farmers found in steep areas should practice contour phlouging in
crop cultivation so as to avoid soil erosion.
The government of Tanzania should Strong implement the
agricultural policies.

REFERENCE LIST
Riston, P. and Christopher, A. (1997). Agriculture economics,
Principle and Policy, New York, St. Martin press.
Webster, N. and Wilson, J. (1997), Agriculture in tropics,
California, Williams press.
Tanzania agricultural policy (1997), available at
www.tanzania.go.tz/government/sectoralpol.htm#agriculturalpol
icy,accessed on 22nd December 2011
Rao, P. (1993). Agriculture guidance, Cape Town, Longman
publisher.
Agriculture pictures, available at
www.agriculturepictureintanzania.com,[accessed on 15th
January 2012].

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