Beruflich Dokumente
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concrete
Code Reference
NSCP 2010, Section 424: Alternate Design Method
ACI 318M-99, Appendix A: Alternate Design Method
Design Principle
The design concept of WSD is based on Elastic Theory
in which the stress-strain diagram is within the
proportional limit and will obey Hooke's Law.
Notation
fc
fs
f 'c
fy
n = modular ratio
M
= design moment
kd
fiber of concrete
tensile force T
1
.
Flexure
2
.
Steel Reinforcement
1
.
For nonprestressed
reinforcement
2
.
3
.
Shear carried by
concrete, Vc
0.38 f 'c
0.9 f 'c
Shear carried by
1.5
concrete, Vc
Ec =W c 0.043 f ' c
but
not greater
For normal weight concrete
than
Ec=4700 f ' c
Modulus of Elasticity of Steel
Reinforcement (NSCP
408.6.2)
0.9 f 'c
Joists:
Modulus of Elasticity
Modulus of Elasticity of
Concrete (NSCP 408.6.1)
For weight of concrete,
Wc between 1500 and 2500
kg/ m
0.45 f ' c
3
.
1
f'
6 c
Bearing on loaded
area
1
2
(1+ ) f ' c
2
c
0.3 f ' c
Es=200000 MPa
Modular Ratio
(NSCP 424.6.4) It shall be
permitted to take the
modular ratio,
n=
Es
Ec
as the nearest
2n
shall
be used to transform
compression reinforcement
for stress computations.
Assumptions in WSD
Plane section remains plane
before and after bending.
Concrete stress varies from
zero at the neutral axis to a
maximum at the extreme
fiber.
M =Cy
M =T y
Bending stresses
I NA =
f c=
bx 3
2
+n A s ( d x )
3
Mx
I NA
f s M (dx )
=
n
I NA
Moment of area:
QaboveNa=QbelowNa
1 2
b x =nAs ( dx )
2
Tensile and Compressive Forces
T =f s A s
1
C= f c bx
2
C=T
Moment in the section
1
y=d x
3
Cracking Moment
NSCP 2010, Section 409.6.2.3
Modulus of rupture of concrete,
Cracking moment,
M cr =
f r Ig
Yt
Where:
Ig
neglecting reinforcement
Yt
For investigation:
Factor k:
K=
fc
f c+
fs
n
Factor j:
1
J =1 k
3
1
R= f c kj
2
1
Mc=Cj d= f c kj bd 2=R bd 2
2
Ms=Tjd= A s f s jd
Doubly reinforced:
I NA =
bx 3 (
2
+ 2 n1 ) A' s ( xd ' ) +n A s ( d x )
3
f c=
1 2
b x =nAs ( dx )
2
Doubly reinforced:
1 2
'
'
b x + ( 2 n1 ) A s ( x d )=nA s ( d x )
2
bx
I NA =
+n A s (dx )2
3
I NA =I cr
Mx
I NA
Tension steel
f s M (dx )
=
n
I NA
Compression steel for doubly reinforced