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TransmissionLineinPowerSystem|Electrical4u

WhatistransmissionLine?
Transmissionlineisthelongconductorwithspecialdesign(bundled)tocarrybulkamountofgeneratedpoweratveryhigh
voltagefromonestationtoanotheraspervariationofthevoltagelevel.

TypeoftransmissionLine
Intransmissionlinedeterminationofvoltagedrop,transmissionefficiency,linelossetc.areimportantthingstodesign.These
valuesareaffectedbylineparameterR,LandCofthetransmissionline.Lengthwisetransmissionlinesarethreetypes.

ShortTransmissionLine

Lengthisabout50km.
Voltagelevelisupto20kV
Capacitanceeffectisnegligible
Onlyresistanceandinductancearetakenincalculation.

MediumTransmissionLine

Lengthisabout50kmto150km
Operationalvoltagelevelisfrom20kVto100kV
Capacitanceeffectispresent
Distributedcapacitanceformisusedforcalculationpurpose.

LongTransmissionLine

Lengthismorethan150km
Voltagelevelisabove100kV
Lineconstantsareconsideredasdistributedoverthelengthoftheline.

WhatistheTransmissionEfficiency?
TransmissionefficiencyisdefinedastherationofreceivingendpowerPRtothesendingendpowerPSanditisexpressedin
percentagevalue.

cossisthesendingendpowerfactor.
cosRisthereceivingendpowerfactor.
Vsisthesendingendvoltageperphase.
VRisthereceivingendvoltageperphase.

WhatisTransmissionLineVoltageRegulation
Voltageregulationoftransmissionlineisdefinedastheratioofdifferencebetweensendingandreceivingendvoltagetoreceiving
endvoltageofatransmissionlinebetweenconditionsofnoloadandfullload.Itisalsoexpressedinpercentage.

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TransmissionLineinPowerSystem|Electrical4u

WhereVsisthesendingendvoltageperphaseandVRisthereceivingendvoltageperphase.

XListhereactanceperphase.
Ristheresistanceperphase.
cosRisthereceivingendpowerfactor.
Effectofloadpowerfactoronregulationoftransmissionline:
1.Forlaggingload

2.Forleadingload

Now
Powerfactorislaggingorunity,andthenVRisincreasedandgoestobepositive.
Powerfactorisleading,andthenVRisdecreasedandgoestobenegative.

EffectofLoadPowerFactoronEfficiencyofTransmissionLine
Weknowefficiencyoftransmissionlineis

Now,forshorttransmissionline,IR=IS=I
So,consideringthreephaseshorttransmissionline,

So,

Nowitisclearthattotransmitgivenamountofpower,theloadcurrentisinverselyproportionaltoreceivingendpowerfactor.
Againincaseofmediumandlongtransmissionline,

Hereitisclearthattransmissionefficiencydependsonthereceivingendpowerfactor.
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TransmissionLineinPowerSystem|Electrical4u

WhatisEndCondenserMethodinMediumTransmissionLine?
Inthismethodcapacitanceisassumedtobelumpedatreceivingend.Onephaseisshownbelow.

HereIRisthereceivingendloadcurrentperphase,
Ristheresistanceperphase,
XListheinductivereactanceperphase,
Cisthecapacitanceperphase,
cosRisthereceivingendlaggingpowerfactor,
VSisthesendingendvoltage.
Letusassume,

asthereferencephasor,

Loadcurrentatreceivingend

Thecapacitivecurrent

Now,

Now,

and

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TransmissionLineinPowerSystem|Electrical4u

WhatisNominalTMethodinMediumTransmissionLine?
Totalcapacitanceofthelineisassumedtobeconcentratedatthemiddlepointoftheline,andatbothsidehalfoflineresistance
andinductanceislumped.

Here,
IRisthereceivingendloadcurrentperphase,
Ristheresistanceperphase,
XListheinductivereactanceperphase,
Cisthecapacitanceperphase,
cosRisthereceivingendlaggingpowerfactor,
VSisthesendingendvoltage.
V1isthevoltageacrossthecapacitor.
VoltageacrossCapacitorC,

Capacitivecurrent

Sendingendcurrent

Sendingendvoltage

WhatisNominalMethodinMediumTransmissionLine?
Inthismethodtotallinecapacitanceisassumedtobelumpedanddividedintotwohalvestobeconnectedacrosssendingend
andreceivingendrespectively.Totallineresistanceandinductanceareassumedtobepresentinmiddleoftheline.

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TransmissionLineinPowerSystem|Electrical4u

HereIRisthereceivingendloadcurrentperphase,
Ristheresistanceperphase,
XListheinductivereactanceperphase,
Cisthecapacitanceperphase,
cosRisthereceivingendlaggingpowerfactor,
VSisthesendingendvoltage.
Letusassume,

asthereferencephasor,

Loadcurrentatreceivingend

Thecapacitivecurrentatloadend

Linecurrent

Sendingendvoltage,

Chargingcurrentatthesendingendis

SendingEndcurrentis

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