UiTM Pahang

Faculty of Civil
Engineering

ECM346 BUILDING SERVICES (LABORATORY) EC1105F

LAB
: 2
LAB
: Types of lighting
DATE : 21st June 2016
NO.
TITLE
LEVEL OF OPENNESS
: Level 0
GROUP LEADER: NURIN ADLINA BINTI MOHD ROSLAN
STUDENT NO: 2014686014
GROUP MEMBERS
NO.
NAME
STUDENT NO. REMARK
1.
Atiqah Zahirah Binti Mohamad Amran
2014249374
2.
Syawati Bt Warsino
2014864582
3.
Nurin Adlina Binti Mohd Roslan
2014686014
4.
Shaiful Izzam Bin Safrul Nizam
2014639766
5.
Muhammad Ghassani Bin Amir Hassan
2014840714
ASSESSMENT OF THE LAB ACTIVITIES
NO. ELEMENT TO ASSESS
STUDENT
1
2
3
4
5
INDIVIDUAL IN-LAB ACTIVITIES
1
PUNCTUALITIY
2
DISCIPLINE
(DRESS
CODE,SAFETY
SHOES,SAFETY
REGULATIONS)
3
KNOWLEDGE ON OPEN ENDED LABORATORY
GROUP IN-LAB ACTIVITIES
4
LEADERSHIP SKILL
5
COMMUNICATION
6
ORGANISATION/TEAMWORK
LAB REPORT
7
INTRODUCTION
8
BASIC CONCEPTS
9
SUMMARY OF PROCEDURES/ METHODS
10
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
11
DISCUSSION OF RESULT
12
CONCLUSION
LECTURERS
SIGNATURE:

REMARKS:

THE REPORT MUST BE SUBMITTED 1 WEEKAFTER THE COMPLETION OF THE LAB.

Lighting
equipme
nt

Lighting
type

Design

Function

Use in:

Low pressure mercury vapor gas - discharge

Convert to
1.

visible

Fluoresc

light by a

ent light

phosphor

lamp

Produce light when an

electric are passes
between cathodes to
excite mercury and
other gases producing

coating

Application

radiant energy

kitchens,
basement,
garages,
school and
businesses
that save
cost for
lighting

The hot filament is

2. Light
bulb

Glows with
visible
light

protected from

An electric light with

oxidation with a glass

a wire filament

or quartz bulb that is

heated to a high

filled with inert gas or

temperature, by

evacuated

passing an electric
current through it,

Use mostly

in: household
application

until it glows with

visible light
3. LED

Full

Consists of a

When LED forward

Apply as:

brightness

semiconductor chip in

voltage is fed from

lamp

without

doping thus creating a

the anode (P) to the

illumination,

need for a

junction P and N.

cathode (K), excess

street

electrons in the N -

lighting

type material will

lamps,

make to areas that

advertising

excess hole area

boards,

warm up

positively charged (P - backlight

type material). When

LCD,

electrons meet withe

indicator

hole will release

lights

protons and emits

monochromatic light
(single color).

DATA ACQUISITION

By changing the
voltage waveform
4.

Lower the brightness

applied to the lamp, it

Dimmer

of a light

is possible to lower
the intensity of the
light output
Stopwatch - counts
upwards from zero for

Specialized type of
5. Timer

clock for measuring

time intervals.

measuring elapsed
time
timer/countdown
timer - a device which
counts down from a
specified time interval

Thermocouple
generates a known
6. Sensor

voltage (the output) in

response to its
temperature (the
environment)

Detect events or
changes in its
environment, and
then provide a
corresponding output.

DISCUSSION
Based on the experiment we conduct, we had identified the types of lighting.
Different types of lighting will have different lighting types, design, function
and application. Six different types of lighting were introduced and examined
which are fluorescent light, light bulb, LED, dimmer, timer and sensor.
Lighting types information that we gathered, for fluorescent light, it
converts to visible light by a phosphor coating. Next, for light bulb, it glows
with visible light. Meanwhile for LED light, it gives full brightness without
need for a warm up. For their designs, the fluorescent light have low
pressure mercury. Next, the hot filament in the light bulb is protected from
oxidation with a glass or quartz bulb that is filled with inert gas or evacuated.
Furthermore, in LED light, it consists of a semiconductor chip in doping thus
creating a junction P and N.
Fluorescent light produces light when an electric are passes between
cathodes to excite mercury and other gases producing radiant energy. Light
bulb light with a wire filament heated to a high temperature, by passing an
electric current through it, until it glows with visible light. When LED forward
voltage is fed from the anode (P) to the cathode (K), excess electrons in the
N - type material will make to areas that excess hole area positively charged
(P - type material). When electrons meet withe hole will release protons and
emits monochromatic light (single color).
Most of the fluorescent light was used in

the kitchens, basement,

garages, school and businesses that save cost for lighting. Meanwhile, most
of the light bulb was used in the household application. In addition, LED light
was used in lamp illumination, street lighting lamps, advertising boards,
backlight LCD and indicator lights.
CONCLUSION
We have determined all of the types of light which is fluorescent light,
light bulb, LED, dimmer, timer and sensor after doing a site visit within the
surrounding area of the laboratory. The objective of this experiment was

achieved which is to study the basic concepts ad principles in lighting and to

apply the knowledge while familiar with the equipment and their operation of
lighting.