a. V is the velocity of the vehicle in kmph b. e is the super elevation in meters and taken as 0.07 wen not given c. f is the coefficient of lateral friction (0.15 when not given) B. V = 4.4 root(R-70) for Broad Gauge, where R is in meters C. V = 3.6 root(R-60) for Narrow Gauge D. F = WU2/ GR, where a. W = weight b. U = speed of vehicle c. F = Centrifugal force d. L = super elevation e. G = 9.81 m / s2 f. e = GV2/127R E. Grade Compensation Required = e 1.315V 2/R