BIOETHICS

ETHICS the Practical science of the Morality

of human conduct. It is derived from Ethos
which means character or moral duty.
the study of moralitys effect on
conduct.
MORALITY the rightness and wrongness of
an act.
BIOLOGY study of life; study of living
organisms and how they interact with each
other and the environment.
BIOETHICS study of the ethical and moral
implications of new biological discoveries
and biomedical advances, as in the field of
genetic engineering and drug research
Division of ethics that relates to
Human Life or the Ethics of Life Sciences and
Health Care.
HEALTH ETHICS The study of concepts and
principles of Health ethics and their
implication to the individual, schools,
hospitals, community and society.
PROFESSIONAL ETHICS the division of
ethics that relates to professional behaviour.
PREVALENCE OF BIOETHICAL ISSUES
1. ABORTION the termination of
pregnancy by the removal or expulsion
of an embryo or fetus from the uterus,
resulting in or caused by its death.
2. EUTHANASIA AKA mercy killing; the
act of practice of permitting the death
of hopelessly sick or injured
individuals in a relatively painless way
for reasons of mercy.
3. SUICIDE intentional self-inflicted
death.
4. DETERMINATION OF DEATH - the
Uniform Determination of Death Act
(UDDA) is a draft state law which has
been adopted by most US states and
is intended to provide a
comprehensive and medically sound
basis for determining death in all
situations
- Determination of Death. An
individual who has sustained
either:
i. Irreversible cessation of
circulatory and
respiratory functions
ii. Irreversible cessation of
all functions of the entire
brain, including the brain
stem, is dead. A
determination of death
must be made in
accordance with the

acceptable medical
standards.
5. Biological and Clinical Death
6. In vitro fertilization A process by
which egg cells are fertilized by sperm
outside the womb, in vitro.
7. Stem Cell Technology A technological
development aimed at the production,
expansion, and differentiation of
multipotent stem cells.
*Assignment: crosswise
Do you agree in the statement What is
Legal is always morally correct. Explain your
answer and give examples.
THE NATURE OF MAN
I. THE HUMAN ACTS
A. Three constituents of the Human Acts
1. Knowledge awareness or
consciousness of the conditions and
implications of our actions.
2. Freedom the power to choose
between 2 or more courses of action
without being forced to take one or the
other by anything except our own will.
3. Voluntariness formal quality of
human acts whereby any action or
omission results from principles within
the doer.
B. HUMAN ACTS and ACTS OF MAN
Human Acts are those acts which
proceed from man as a rational being.
(See constituents of Human Acts)
Acts of Man are acts which happen in
the body or through the body without
the awareness of the mind or the
control of the will.
C. DIVISION OF HUMAN ACTS
D. ANALYSIS OF THE HUMAN ACT
The 7 Steps are the following:
1. Volition mere desire or inclination of
the will any good object known by
the intellect
2. Intention active desire for a
particular good
3. Deliberation or counsel sets a series
of thoughts and judgments
concerning the most suitable means
towards the attainment of the
desired good or end.
4. Consent a definite decision as to
what means should one use.
5. Choice or election the agent
actively commits himself to follow
the last particular judgment of the
intellect.
6. Command the intellect points out
and the will moves together to act
and get the intended object.
7. Enjoyment of fruition the actual
attainment of the desired good.

E. FREEDOM AND MORALITY

*Reference:

Estoesta, R., Javines, R. (2009).

BIOETHICS WITH CONTEMPORARY
READINGS AND ISSUES. 1st Edition.
Educational Publishing House, Inc.