CLSC 4440

Endocrine Disorders Worksheet

Spring 2012
Answer Key

Disease

Disease Symptoms

Organ Affected

Acromegaly
- usual cause is
pituitary tumor

Increased growth of
bones of feet, jaw and
hands

Pituitary gland

Pheochromocytoma
- tumor of adrenal
medulla;
neurochromaffin
cells
Neuroblastoma
Malignant tumor
seen in infants and
children

Increased BP
Tachycardia
Headache
Symptoms may be
episodic
Proposis
(exopthalmos)
Periorbital
Ecchymosis
Symptoms of
metastasis- bone pain,
paralysis, abdominal
distension
Diarrhea, flushing of
the skin; edema; right
sided heart failure;
bronchoconstriction;

Adrenal medulla,
sympathetic
nervous system

Carcinoid Syndrome
tumor of
enterochromaffin
cells

Hormone(s) Involved
(Increase or Decrease?)
Growth Hormone -I

Epinephrine, norepinephrine
Catechloamines, all increased

Diagnostic Tests and Expected

Results
HGH suppression no
suppression by glucose
HGH levels I
ILGF-1 levels I
IGFB-3- levels I
HVA- levels I
VMA- Levels I
Urine metanephrines levels I
FBS , Hct, WBC levels I

Varies- liver, spinal Catecholamine levels

cord
increased

Urine HVA and VMA- levels

increased

Cells of GI tract,
Serotonin levels increased
lungs, heart, bilairy
tract, gall bladder,
pancreatic ducts

Urine 5-HIAA levels increased

sudden drop in BP

Disease

Disease Symptoms

Organ Affected

Hormone(s) Involved
(Increase or Decrease?)
PTH elevated

None or Bone pain,

confusion, kidney
Hyperparathyroidism stones, fatigue,
nausea, malaise

Parathyroid gland ,
bones

SIADH - syndrome
of inappropriate
ADH secretion

Edema, confusion,
apathy, weakness,
symptoms of
hyponatremia

Kidneys, pituitary

ADH (Vasopressin)- I

Graves' Disease Hyperthyroidism

Exopthalmos,
nervousness,
increased appetite,
heat intolerance,
weight loss, loose
stools
Weight gain, cold
intolerance, fatigue,
dry skin; deepening
of voice, hypotension

Thyroid

TSH- D, Free T4- I

Thyroid

TSH- I, Free T4- D

Hirsutism, truncal
obesity, hypertension,

Adrenal cortex,
pituitary

Cortisol- I
ACTH possible I

Hashimoto's
Thyroiditis hypothyroidism
Cushing's Syndrome

Diagnostic Tests and Expected

Results
Serum or plasma calcium levels
I
PTH levels I
Phos levels D
Urine cAMP levels I
Na levels D
K levels I
Urine Osmo- I
Serum Osmo D
ADH levels I
TSH D
FT4- I
TsIg- positive
TPO Ab positive
Anti-thyroglobulin Ab positive
Anti-microsomal Ab- positive
TSH levels I
FT4- Levels D
TPO Ab positive
Anti-thyroglobulin Ab positive
Anti-microsomal Ab- positive
1. AM and PM cortisol levels I
2. Urinary Free Cortisol I

purple striae on
abdomen, buffalo
hump, moon face,
amenorrhea, glucose
intolerance

3. Dexamethasone suppression
High dose see suppression in
Cushing's disease
Low dose- no suppression
4. ACTH levels - I or D
5. FBS levels I

Disease

Disease Symptoms

Organ Affected

Hormone(s) Involved
(Increase or Decrease?)

Diagnostic Tests and Expected

Results

Addison's Disease
(Adrenal
Insufficiency)

Hyperpigmentation,
salt craving, weight
loss, hypotension,
muscle weakness

Adrenal cortex,
pituitary

Cortisol levels D
ACTH I

Conn's syndromehyperaldosteronism

Increased BP,
increased urine
volume, weakness,
tetany

Adrenal cortex

Aldosterone- I

Uterus

HCG I

1. AM, PM cortisol levels

decreased
2. ACTH levels - I
3. Metapyrone stimulation no
change in 11 deoxycortisol levels
4. FBS- D
5. Na- D
6. K- I
7. 17-OH steroids D
Na- I
K- D
Aldosterone I in serum and
urine
Alkalosis
Renin
HCG I

Choriocarcinoma

Klinefelters
Syndrome- XXY

FSH- I
LH- I
Testosterone- D

FSH- I
LH- I
Testosterone- D

(Primary
hypogonadism)

Failure to develop
Gonads
secondary sex
characteristics;
enlarged breasts,
sparse facial and body
hair, small testes,
cannot make sperm,
language difficulties

Disease

Disease Symptoms

Organ Affected

Precocious Puberty
in Males

Early development of
secondary sex
characteristics

Testicles or
Adrenal glands

Congenital Adrenal
Hyperplasia (CAH)due to absence or
deficiency of 21- or
11-B-hydroxylase

21- hydroxylase defhirsutism,

masculinization,
ambiguous genitalia
in newborn
males- precocious
puberty, accelerated
growth
11-B-hydroxylase
def- masculinization,

Gonads, adrenal
cortex

Hormone(s) Involved
(Increase or Decrease?)
Testosterone I
FSH- D
LH- D
Change in FSH/LH ratio
17 KS- I
DHEA- I
Androstenedione- I
Cortisol D
Aldosterone- D
Androgens I
Testosterone I

Diagnostic Tests and Expected

Results
Testosterone I
FSH- D
LH- D
Change in FSH/LH ratio
17 KS- I
DHEA- I
Androstenedione- I
21- hydroxylase defDecreased - cortisol, Na, BP,
aldosterone, 11-deoxycortisol,
Increased androgens,
testosterone, ACTH, K
11-hydroxylase defdecreased- cortisol, K
increased

hypertension

11-deoxycorticosterone, 11deoxycorticosterol, 17-KS, Na,

ACTH, androgens, BP, 11deoxycortisol, 17-OH
progesterone

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