Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Risk factors
Maternal
Oligohydramnios
Hypertension
Fetal
Chromosomal/Structural
abnormalities
Renal agenesis
Spontaneous rupture of
membrane
Intrauterine infections
Drugs
Polyhydramnios
Diabetes
Multiple pregnancy
Anencephaly
Open spina bifida
Oesophageal /
Duodenal atresia
Facial cleft or neck
masses (cystic
hydroma)
Hydrops fetalis Rh
isoimmunization
Aneuploidy
Placental
Uteroplacental insufficiency
Clinical features
Investigations
Management
Complications
True labour
Chorioangioma of the
placenta
Fetal parts difficult to
palpate
Malpresentation
Premature rupture of
membrane
Preterm labour
Early rupture of
membrane cord
prolapse and
compression
Uterine atony
postpartum
haemorrhage
Subinvolution
Hydrops fetalis
False labour
Induction of Labour
Fetal
Intrauterine demise (IUD) of
one fetus
IUGR
Preterm delivery
Low birth weight
Acute respiratory distress
syndrome
Congenital abnormality Siamese twin
Selective IUGR
Lambda sign
Teenage pregnancy
premature birth and low birth
weight
anaemia in pregnancy
Labor dystocia - underdeveloped
pelvis
Unsafe abortion
HIV / STDs
Basic definition of
a) Lie
b) Presentation
c) Position
Abnormal lie
Transverse
Oblique
Unstable
Breech
Face
Brow
Shoulder
Compound
Breech Presentation
- Membrane rupture
- Cord prolapse fetal hypoxia fetal death
Preterm Labour
Chorioamnionitis
Sterile speculum examination - cervical dilatation , pooling of liquor
Investigations
Full blood count
Urinalysis / UFEME
Assessment of fetal well-being
CTG
Ultrasound - biophysical profile
Management
Antibiotic prophylaxis
- Erythromycin
- Penicillin
IOL if PROM > 24 hours
Anaemia in Pregnancy
Complications
Maternal
Heart failure
Postpartum haemorrhage
Infection
Puerperal
Subinvolution
Fetal
Pre-pregnancy
Antenatal
Intrapartum
Postpartum
Complications
Maternal
Fetal
Neonatal
Hypertension , preeclampsia
Nephropathy , neuropathy , retinopathy
infections - UTI , candidiasis , vulvovaginitis
Polyhdramnios Preterm labour
Coronary artery disease
Thromboembolic disease
Risk of Caesarean delivery
Congenital anomalies
Cardiac defects
Neural tube defects
Renal defects
Caudal regression syndrome
Sudden unexplained intrauterine death - possibly
due to chronic hypoxia, polycythaemia, lactic
acidosis (acidemia) , ketoacidosis
Shoulder dystocia , birth asphyxia , brachial plexus
injury , fracture of clavicle
Neonatal hypoglycaemia
Neonatal jaundice
Respiratory distress syndrome
Hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia
Childhood
Obesity
Impaired glucose tolerance
Type 2 diabetes in adulthood
Metabolic syndrome
Hypertension
Low dose aspirin 60 mg daily beginning early in pregnancy in
potentially high risk patients is given. It selectively reduces
platelet thromboxane production. Aspirin in low doses is known
to inhibit cyclo-oxygenase in platelets thereby preventing the
formation of thromboxane A2 without interfering with
prostacyclin generation.
Ante-partum haemorrhage
Post-partum haemorrhage
UTERINE ATONY
multiple pregnancy
grand multiparity
fetal macrosomia
polyhydramnios
fibroid uterus
prolonged labour
previous postpartum haemorrhage
antepartum haemorrhage
Fibroid in pregnancy
Placenta previa
- Lower segment of uterus - 28 weeks
- Ultrasound every 2 weeks ? Placental migration ?
- Placenta - major , minor
- Accreta
- Increta
- Percreta
Placental abruption
Vasa Previa
Reduced fetal movements
Indications for C section in a case of IUGR
Intrauterine growth restriction along with reduced fetal
movements.
Presence of an obstetric complication (placenta previa,
abruption placenta, etc.).