EE 4043 Electrical Machines and

Drivers

ASSIGNMENT
Semester 7

: C.T.Dalugoda
: 120078M
: 22/08/2016
Name
Index No.
Date of Submission

Contents

1.

Introduction..................................................................................................................

2.

Capacity Selection of Short Time Duty Motors.............................................................

3.

Capacity Selection of Short Time Intermittent Duty Motors.........................................

1. Introduction
The capacity of a motor depend on the temperature rise. Hence every motor
unable to run continuously without taking a break. According to this theory
motor should have an efficient cooling system to run continuously. Otherwise
the duration of usage is limited.
When selecting a motor to a practical purpose we should select a motor
according to its duty cycle. The duty cycle give the knowledge on time duration
of the motor should operate. According to IEC 60034-1 standards short time
duty and short time intermittent duty are S2 and S3 respectively.
In short time duty (S2) motor works at a constant load, but not long enough to
reach temperature equilibrium (steady thermal condition). The rest periods are
long enough for the motor to reach ambient temperature. And also its on-load
period is too short where the motor can attain its maximum permissible
temperature while the no-load period is high where the motor can be cool down
up to ambient temperature.
Load and loss variation along with the motor temperature variation of S2 duty is
denoted in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Load, losses and temperature rise of S2 duty motor

An intermittent duty refers to a sequence of identical duty cycle .Each cycle

consist of an on load and off load period with the motor coming to rest during
latter On load period during one cycle is too short for motor to reach steady
thermal condition, and the off load period is likewise too short for motor to
cool the temperature of the cooling medium.
Load and loss variation along with the motor temperature variation of S3
motor is denoted in Figure 2

Cyclic duration factor CDF =

N
N +R

N= Time period operation under on condition

R= Time period at de energize state, off state

Figure 2. Load, losses and temperature rise of S3 duty motor

The recommended values for the cyclic duration factor (CDF) are 15%, 25%, 40% and
60%.

2. Capacity Selection of Short Time Duty Motors

These motors are used at constant load duties during a given time must be
less than that required to reach the thermal equilibrium followed by a de-energized

period which sufficient to reestablish the machine temperature within 20C from coolant.
So when selecting the capacity of a motor both on duty period as well as off duty period
must be concerned.
If the duty cycle of an application is similar to the standard short time duty period (ex: 10
min, 30 min, 60 min etc.) it is suitable to select a S2 motor with a capacity slightly
greater than the required capacity.
If the short time duty period is different from standard values the capacity selection must
be done by comparing time to attain motors maximum temperature of the selected motor
and its overloading capacity.
If the duty time of the motor is lesser than the duty time of the application, it is obvious
that selected capacity of the motor must be higher than the full load of the application
(otherwise the motor attain its maximum temperature) if the capacity of the motor is too
3

high it must be operated at the partial loading with lower efficiency which will cause
wastage of energy.
Hence selecting a motor with a low duty period both temperature constrain and the
efficiency of motor operation must be concerned.
If the rated duty time is higher than the duty time of the application both thermal fitness as
well as mechanical fitness must be considered most suited motor rating must be chosen.
Household appliances like eggbeaters, hairdryer consist this type of motors.

Selection criteria

= m

( 1e )+ e

0=0
PL 2
Pi +(
) Pc
P Rated
m =FL (
)
Pi + Pc
= max of t=T p
max < FL

FL

P i+

For thermal safety

PL 2
P c
T
P Rated
1e < FL 1
P i+ P c

( )

Thermal fitness condition P Rated > P L

Where k =

Prated >

1e

T p

Pc
Pi

For mechanical fitness

2

k
1+k

P rated > P L

PL

By selecting

Prated value which satisfy both ( 1 )( 2 ) we can estimate the capacity of

the motor.

3. Capacity Selection of Short Time Intermittent Duty Motors

This short time intermittent duty include periodic operation at constant load
and de energized period, this period is too short to attain the thermal equilibrium These
type of IMs are rated according to its loading duty factor (Ex: 15%, 25 %, 40 % and
60%). Temperature equilibrium is never reached in this type of motors. Starting
current does not significantly influence on temperature rise.
If the loading duty of the application is approximately equal to the rated CDF
of the IM it is appropriate to select a motor with the capacity slightly higher than the
required capacity application.
If the CDF of the IM is lesser than the CDF of the application the power
rating of the motor which suit the situation must be higher than the constant load of the
application.
If the capacity of the motor is very high, for cater the constant load it must be
partially loaded which will reduce its efficiency. Hence when selecting the capacity of
a motor in a situation like this both temperature fitness and efficiency at the point of
operation must be considered.
In a situation where CDF of the selected motor is high both temperature
fitness as well as mechanical fitness must be considered.
Lifting motors consist this type of motors

Selection

criteria

2 < FL (1 )
Prated >

By selecting

PL
( 2)

Thermal fitness condition

Thermal fitness condition

Prated value which satisfy both ( 1 )( 2 ) we can estimate the capacity of the motor.