Education Pack PDF

A Study Guide for Teachers and Students
Legally Blonde: Introduction
INTRODUCTION
This teachers guide ha
s been developed as a
teaching tool to assist
who are bringing their
teachers
students to see the show
.
This guide is based on Ca
mp Broadways StageNOT
ES, conceived for the origi
Broadway musical adap
nal
tation of Amanda Browns
2001 novel and the film re
that same year, and has
leased
been adapted by Sarah Di
ckinson for use within the
UK.
The UK Education Pack
is intended to offer some
pathways into the prod
and focuses on some of
uction,
the topics covered in Le
gally Blonde which may
students and teachers
interest
. It is not an exhaustive
analysis of the musical
production, but instead
or the
aims to offer a variety of
stimuli for debate, discu
and practical exploratio
ssion
n.
It is anticipated that th
e Education Pack will
be best utilised after a
students have seen th
group of
e production with their
teacher, and can enga
informed discussion ba
ge in an
sed on a sound awaren
ess of the musical. We
the information provide
ho
pe that
d here will both enhanc
e the live theatre experie
provide readers with infor
nce and
mation they may not other
wise have been able to ac
cess.
Legally Blonde is an uplift
ing, energising, feel-goo
d show and with that in
we hope this pack will
mind
be enjoyed through eq
ually energising and
enjoyable practical wo
rk in the classroom and
drama studio.
ii
Legally Blonde: Introduction
Introducing Legally Blonde: Directors Message
tion Pack
a
Educ
e
lond
B
y
ll
a
Leg
Introduction
Contents Page
lly Blonde
1. Introducing Lega
rector Jerry Mitchell
A Message from the Di
Synopsis
Definitions
Characters
2. Background
gal System
The Origins of the US Le
History
Key cases in US Legal
Legal Terms
3. Women in the Law
the Law
Overview of Women in
udies
Female Lawyers Case St
sion
4. The Art of Persua
uage
Using Persuasive Lang
r
ye
w
La
a
ke
Li
ng
ki
Thin
Working for Change
5. Elle on Stage
Heather Hach (book)
ith
w
w
ie
rv
te
in
an
t
Writing her Scrip
ic)
rnes
and Neil Benjamin (mus
stume Designer Gregg Ba
Co
ith
w
w
ie
rv
te
in
an
Dressing her Up
6. Further Resources
A Message from Dir

ector
Jerry Mitchell
Behind every great music
al, there lies a great direc
tor.
He or she is the person
whose job it is to translat
e
the words and music of the
writers into a living and
br ea th in g m om en t th at
th
experience along with th e au di en ce ge ts to
e characters. In the case
of Legally Blonde, that ta
sk fell to the multi-talente
d
Jerry Mitchell. Jerry ha
sa
as actor, dancer, and ch lengthy Broadway CV
oreo
such hits as The Full Mon grapher that includes
ty, Hairspray, and Dirty Ro
Tony award to his credit
tten Scoundrels. With a
for his work on La Cage
Aux Folles, Jerry makes
Broadway debut as a di
his
rector with Legally Blon
de. But why this show?
Why would this talented
an
want to make his directo d well-respected player in the Broadway scene
rial debut with Legally Bl
onde? Heres what Jerry
had to say...
When the producers of
the show came to me an
d asked if I was interes
only thing I could say wa
ted, the
s YES! Why not? Elle W
oods is a great characte
Shes a role model for
r!
us al
herself. She is a true mo l because she is some-one who believes in
dern hero. A hero is re
silient. A hero is able to
forge forward, and not
dwell on the past. That
s Elle Woods.
I love Elle for so many re
asons, but I was drawn
to this project because
in some ways, I feel a lot
like Elle. I live a very posit
ive life. Everyone has
successes and failures,
but failures can be succ
esses too, if you commit
yourself entirely to that
event and learn from it
- sometimes you learn
more from a failure than
a success! Shes all ab
out maintaining a posit
attitude about what you
ive
want to do with your life
, and going after it. I als
thought that this story ma
o
kes a perfect musical. W
hen you have a characte
who is larger than life,
r
a character whose co
mmitment to a goal or
themselves is so strong
to
that is what makes the
m sing. They need pass
in order to justify song
ion
s that move the story
along. Elle has passio
Theatre and especially
n.
musical theatre has the
power to communicate
a message to people on
an emotional level, so
that they really connec
with it. When people co
t
me and see Legally Blon
de, I want them to be
entertained, and there is
no question in my mind tha
t this show is entertainin
But I also want people to
g.
leave the show having lea
rned this lesson: to thine
own self be true. Whe
n no one else is there
to guide you and supp
you, you have the powe
ort
r within yourself to ac
complish your goals!
If you stay focused on
what you want and wh
o you are, it will lead yo
to things you never drea
u
med you could achieve
!
Introducing Legally Blonde: Synopsis
A Synopsis of
Legally Blonde
The Musical
rms with the

However, when she perfo
nd and cheer
entire UCLA marching ba
al statement
team instead of a person
they let her in!
her
ard, Elle is ridiculed by
rv
Ha
At
. During her
the University
er-achieving classmates
Its Spring semester at
ov
.
A)
CL
les (U
ss
of California Los Ange
first class, the mercile
e
ar
rs
te
his students
sis
y
lls
The Delta Nu sororit
Professor Callahan te
t,
en
id
es
pr
e thrill of
rity
youre nothing until/th
at
certain that their soro
th
d
!
ge
be enga
ec om es yo ur on ly la w
l/b
kil
e
Elle Woods, will soon
th
Elle hasnt
inently eligible
to her boyfriend, the em
Callahan discovers that
ls
gir
e
Th
ws her
.
Third
her homework and thro
ne
Warner Huntington the
do
al
ei r tradition
ga th er to sin g El le th
out of the class.
.
ale
or
Ch
nt
Engageme
learns
ke matters worse, Elle
ma
To
arner.
w girlfriend,
Elle has dinner with W
that Warner has a ne
.
e Vivienne.
The moment is perfect
r two-faced classmat
he
this is
ing,
ly support through all of
on
But instead of propos
s
le
El
Elle. He
nt, Emmett
Warner breaks up with
llahans teaching assista
Ca
to
g
ters,
explains that hes goin
course, Elles Delta Nu sis
of
d,
An
d
r own
the prestigious Harvar
ntinue to appear as he
co
o
wh
.
Law School next autumn
personal Greek Chorus
ry
ar
m
t
us
m
he
and
someone serious in In her grief, Elle heads for the Hair
order to fulfill his life Affair Salon, where she asks the stylist,
a brunette
plan of a career
Paulette, to make her
.
talks her out
in politics
like Vivienne. Paulette
e friends.
of it, and they becom
s
pe
mo
le
El
n,
le that her
Heartbroke
Paulette confides in El
y
ilk
M
r and
g
in her room eatin
oyfriend, Dewey, left he
-b
ex
a
es
dog.
Ways. Then she devis
took her trailer and her
at
th
r
ne
ar
strategy to show W
Get in to
shes serious: Step 1)
ep 2)
Harvard Law School; St
h IQ; Step 3)
Impress him with her hig
The Wedding!
their way
While her friends party
ster, Elle works
through their final seme
her LSAT and
hard and gets a 175 on
n. Bu t th e
su bm its he r ap pl ic at io
unimpressed.
Admissions Officers are
Paulette to half their

property.
Paulette is overjoyed,
and Elle is
exhilarated when she
realises that
this is what law is reall
y about.
Vivienne invites Elle

to a
costume party. But wh
en she arrives
she realises she was th
e only one told
to arrive in fancy dres
s. She stands
out like a sore thumb,
dressed as a
Playboy bunny. As she lea
ves the party,
she runs into Emmett,
who finally
learns why she came to
Harvard Law.
Emmett grew up poor an
d is working
two jobs while attending
law school.
He convinces Elle that sh
e, too, should
get a chip on her shou
lder and work
hard to prove herself.
Elle stays at school over
Thanksgiving
break and Christmas as we
ll, an
and Paulette help her stu d Emmett
dy. In class,
Elle impresses Profes
sor Callahan,
who asks whether shes
applying for
his very competitive int
ernship.
Emmett and Elle help Pa
ulette reclaim
her dog by visiting Dewey
and advising
hi m th at hi s te n ye ar
do m es tic
relationship with Paulette
is considered
a Common Law marriag
e and entitles
Back at school, the lis

t of Callahans
interns is posted. Seein
g their names
on the list together, War
ner impulsively
proposes to Vivienne in fro
nt of
Elle is shocked, but feels everyone.
much better
when she discovers that
her name is on
the list, too. Callahan as
signs Emmett
and the new interns to
work on his
latest case, defending Br
ooke Wyndham,
a TV fitness guru accuse
d of murdering
her husband.
Elle is the only member
of the legal
team who believes Broo
ke is innocent.
In a moment alone with
Brooke, Elle
and Brooke discover that
they were both
members of the Delta
Nu sorority
in college. Brooke co
nfides in Elle
that she was having lip
osuction the
day her husband was
killed, and Elle
Double Delta Nu Sister
Swears not to
reveal the secret.
Callahan is furious that

Elle will not
reveal Brookes alibi. He
tells ratty
corduroy (Emmet) and L
egally Blonde
(Elle) to get lost for the
day, so Elle
takes Emmett shopping
to update his
image. She then has he
r nails done
at the Hair Affair, whe
re Kyle, the
new UPS guy, appears
and knocks
Paulettes socks off. Elle
and her Delta
Nu Chorus teach Paulette
the Bend and
Snap, which catches Ky
les attention.
The next day in court, Ca
llahan is
impressed by Emmetts
new look, and
n arrives at court, where

sio
es
oc
pr
e
Th
s
ve
sa
en Elle
and hires Elle
even more impressed wh
Brooke fires Callahan
ict
str
Di
e
th
at
th
le calls
the day: She notices
mett as her counsel. El
Em
d
an
ve
ha
to
s
im
cla
step-daughter
Attorneys witnesswho
Brookes frizzy-haired
us
io
rv
pe
im
s
i
r
ve
ney claims
been Brookes lo
utney to the stand. Chut
Ch
s
ise
al
re
d
an
and
,
to her Bend and Snap
just had her hair permed
s
ha
e
sh
o
int
him
s
trick
n her father
he must be gay. Emmett
was in the shower whe
t.
ur
ts that they
outing himself in co
was killed. Elle reques
ene of
vene the court at the sc
on
-c
re
e te am
demonstrates
Ba ck at th e of fic e, th
the shower, where she
n
ha
lla
Ca
d
e had
an
in Chutneys alibi: if sh
celebrates the victory,
w
fla
e
th
ey
th
n
,
t whe
straight after her perm
ed
congratulates Elle. Bu
er
ow
sh
r
he
s a pass at
en ruined
are left alone, he make
treatment would have be
e
th
m.
hi
s
ct
je
ht.
re
e
hair would now be straig
and fires her when sh
r
he
d
an
tt
me
Em
hough
d confesses
Elle is crushed, and alt
Chutney breaks down an
ed
in
rm
te
de
is
e
attempt to
tries to stop her, sh
she shot her father in an
t
tha
to
rn
tu
re
d
ge immediately
to leave the course an
shoot Brooke, and the jud
.
Los Angeles.
dismisses Brookes case
in the trial,
The next day, Paulette
Seeing Elles success
ce
an
m
ro
s
le
at Elle
and Ky
ner realizes too late th
ar
W
n
he
w
g
m.
is bloomin
ve been perfect for hi
ha
ld
ou
w
and she
Elle arrives to
asks her to marry him,
He
e.
by
od
say go
rejects him.
But Vivienne is there
es.
and acknowledges
s graduation day arriv
le
El
g
on
wr
s
wa
ch
e
that sh
es her valedictory spee
lud
nc
co
e
Sh
g
gin
ur
about Elle,
ett, and the
ith a proposal to Emm
w
y.
sta
to
r
reprise
he
Nus are finally able to
lta
De
t
bu
,
es
re
Elle ag
s
eir acclamation of Elle
on her own terms. th
impending marriage.
Sh e re tu rn s to
the trial in a pink
dress with her
dog Bruiser
under her arm,
lta
accompanied by the De
own
Nus, the Salon folks, Elles
nt
stude s in
parents, and her fellow
a grand parade.
Introducing Legally Blonde: Definitions
DEFINITIONS
Sororities and Fraternit

ies, single-sex
student societies. Sororiti
es are womenUniversity of Californi
only (the name means
a Los
sisterhood
Angeles (UCLA)
Fraternities are the ma
le equivalent)
Founded in 1919, the
an
d most universities have
University of
a number
California Los Angeles (kn
own as UCLA) of them. Early in each academic ye
ar
in the second oldest of the
ten campuses Sororities host events for new stude
nt
s
that make up the Universi
ty of California. in a week called rush week, enab
lin
g
It is attended by arou
newcomers to get a feel
nd 26,000
for the different
undergraduates and 11
sororities and their me
,000 graduate
mbers (there
students every year. It
is located in ar e m or e th an 60 Fr at er ni tie s an
d
Westward, a neighbou
Sororities at the real UCLA
rhood of
). If a student
Los Angeles. It is cons
istently ranked subsequently decides to apply
her
highly in league tables fo
r universities application will be judged and vote
d
in the US. Amongst its Al
umni it boasts on by existing members. If succes
sfu
l
nobel winners, importa
nt politicians she will be admitted into the sororit
y
and lawyers, plus notable
names such through an initiation ceremony.
as Francis Ford Coppola
Alongside the core value
(director of
of a support
the Godfather), Tom An
network, sorority memb
derson
er
ship comes
(founder of MySpace
with other benefits in
), Jack Black
cl
uding
(actor) and Nancy Ca
accommodation in the so
rtwright (the
ro
rity house,
voice of Bart Simpson
financial support throug
)
h scholarships
and networking with exist
ing and former
sorority sisters. The name
s of sororities
are often represented by
Greek letters,
which link to their motto
s. As seen in
Legally Blonde, sorority
women are
often parodied, being re
presented as
airheaded and stupid ye
t, as Elle goes
on to prove, in reality sis
ters are often
highly intelligent young
women who
go on to excel in their ch
osen fields.
Delta Nu is a fictionalis
ed sorority
at UCLA.
Sorority
If you drive through an
y American
University Campus yo
u are likely to
see houses with signs
on the door
displaying Greek lette
rs. These are
the houses belonging
to the
Harvard Law School

Founded in 1817, Harvar
d Law School
is now the oldest continu
ously operating
law school in the U.S. Co
nsidered the
w or ld s pr em ie r ce nt
re fo r le ga l
education and research
, Harvard Law
is home to the worlds lar
gest academic
fe as t,
Hi st or ic al ly a re lig io us
th
st anksgiving
commemorating the fir
lgrim Fathers,
to God in 1621 by the Pi
cular holiday.
it is now considered a se
ther together
Families traditionally ga
ekend around
at this time and the we
busiest travel
Thanksgiving is one of the
Elles decision
periods in the US year.
dy at this time
to remain at Harvard to stu
oice not to
LSAT
as significant as her ch
is
)
as.
ion Test (LSAT
return home for Christm
The Law School Admiss
ive
ct
pe
os
pr
by
is an examination taken
United States
the
in
nts
Valedictory Speech
Law School stude
ol.
ho
sc
en
os
dent
ch
before applying to their
A the highest-ranking stu
US
the
In
ols
ho
Sc
w
e La
typically given
Created as a method to giv
in a graduating class is
ly,
rm
ifo
un
nts
ca
pli
d th ei r
a way to judge all ap
tit le Va le di ct or ia n, an
e
th
d
an
ic
log
s
te
al
l role is to give the fin
the exam tests a candida
na
tio
di
tra
m
fro
e
es rang
eech) at the
reasoning skills. Scor
speech (Valedictory Sp
e
or
sc
e
ag
er
av
e gives
12 0 to 18 0, w ith an
tion ceremony. That Ell
ua
ad
gr
a
ch
su
is
de
d
ar
at the end of Legally Blon
of about 151. As Harv
ch
ee
sp
s
thi
d
ire
qu
Elle is re
uated top
prestigious law school,
icates that she has grad
ind
.
AT
LS
Valedictorian
to score highly in the
of her year! The title
vale dicere
comes from the Latin
k
ll.
Thanksgiving Brea
meaning to say farewe
th
ur
fo
e
th
on
Thanksgiving is held
in the USA.
er
mb
ve
Thursday in No
nearly 2
law library, comprising
nt like Elle
million volumes. A stude
deed to be
would be very lucky in
nearly 7, 000
accepted; each year,
d and about
applications are receive
acceptance
800 places are offered; an
rate of about 12%.
Cheer Team
Cheerleaders lead spec
tators at sports
m at ch es us in g or ga ni
ze d ro ut in es
co m pr ise d of da nc in g,
ac ro ba tic s,
cheers and stunts to dir
ect attention
towards their team. Ch
eerleading is
recognized as a sport in
its own right,
and every US school an
d college has
a Cheer Team that will
also compete
in its own competitions
, as well as in
support of others.
Homecoming Queen
Homecoming is celebrated
at US schools
and colleges in late Se
ptember/ early
October when past grad
uates return to
take part in a series of so
cial activities
traditionally built arou
nd a central
sporting fixture such as
a football or
basketball game. Other
events include
a parade, a feast and th
e crowning of
the Homecoming Quee
n to reign over
the proceedings (in so
me places a
whole Homecoming Co
urt is elected).
Pr os pe ct ive Ho m ec om
in g Qu ee ns
are nominated by their
classmates in
recognition of their co
ntribution to
the school (and often
because of
their popularity) and el
ected by a
student vote.
Internship
An Internship is a temp
orary position
in an or ga ni sa tio n sim
ila r to an
apprenticeship in that it
offers on the
job training rather than jus
t employment.
Getting the right intern
ship with the
right firm early in a ca
reer can offer
valuable experience an
d contacts.
Teaching Assistant
As a le ad in g la w ye r Ca
lla ha ns
In universities a Teaching
internships are highly pr
ized by young Assista
nt is a graduate
law students wanting to
get a leg up
student who assists a
in their career.
professor in their classes
.
District Attorney
UPS
An individual elected in
each judicial
United Parcel
district to charge and pr
osecute those
accused of committing
Service
crimes.
a leading
international
Senator
package delivery
Co ng re ss , th e US Pa rli
am en t, ha s
service, well known for
two elected houses: th
e lower house, its brown
trucks and smart
the House of Representa
tives, and the drivers dres
sed in
upper house, the Senate.
Each US State brown unifo
rms.
is represented by two
Senators.
There are 100 Senators
in total in
the Senate.
Introducing Legally Blonde: Characters
CHARACTERS
DEWEY
Paulettes ex-boyfriend
ELLE WOODS
een and Delta
UCLA Homecoming Qu
Nu President
RUFUS
Paulettes dog
R, KATE,
MARGOT, SERENA, PILA
NU
AND A BEVY OF DELTA
SORORITY GIRLS
Elles sorority sisters
BRUISER
Elles Chihuahua
BROOKE WYNDHAM
accused
Television fitness guru
d
of murdering her husban
E
KYLE BRENDAN OBOYL
perfect
UPS Delivery Guy whos
for Paulette
III
WARNER HUNTINGTON
from an upper
Elles college boyfriend,
to be a senator
class family, who plans
by the time hes 30.
ELLES MUM
ELLES DAD
D
WINTHROP, LOWELL AN
PFORZHEIMER
s Officers
Stuffy Harvard Admission
N
PROFESSOR CALLAHA
Criminal
Harvard Laws merciless
Law Professor.
EMMETT
hing Assistant
Professor Callahans Teac
JUDGE
NIKOS ARGITAKOS
ol boy,
Brooke Wyndhams po
her lover.
who claims to have been
CARLOS
Nikoss friend
CHUTNEY WYNDHAM
pdaughter
Brookes frizzy-haired ste
And.
luding UCLA
A cast of thousands inc
ching Band
students, the UCLA Mar
people, salon
and Cheer Team, sales
and the
clientele, prison inmates
ss of 2009.
Harvard Law School cla
Background: US Legal System
ORIGINS OF THE US
LEGAL SYSTEM
When the United States

was formed
in July 1776 (having de
clared itself
independent from the Un
ited Kingdom),
Have you ever wonder
its
leaders established th
ed why
eir national
lawyers are admitted
government under a do
to the bar
cument called
and approach the benc
T he Ar tic le s
h?
of Co nf ed er at io n .
The US judicial system ha
This document was the
first
s its origins in
the British legal system,
constitution of th e Un
as do many of
ite d St at es
its terms. At the Inns of Co
an d le ga lly established
urt in
the union of
London, 16th Century law
the separate states into
a federation.
students who
were ready to practice law
But the Articles didnt giv
e th e
passed a
symbolic physical barrier
fe de ra l go ve rn m en t
the bar to
join the seasoned lawye
enough power and so
rs on the other
side; later, the word came
failed to bring the
to mean the
railing surrounding the ar
states to solve
ea where the
judge sat. The judges se
national problems.
at and hence,
the judge himself was re
In 1789, the states
ferred to as
the bench; to this day
ratified the U.S.
the space
around him or her is sacr
Constitution, which
ed, and one
must seek permission to
established three
enter it.
branches of government
and set down the basic
Both the British and Am
laws
erican systems
of the U.S. as well as
are based on English Co
the
mmon Law
rights of its citizens.
essentially the sum to
tal of custom,
The Constitution seek
tradition, and especial
s to
ly precedent
balance powers,
over the centuries.
assigning some to the
federal government,
and leaving others to
th e in di vid ua l
st at es themselves.
The struggle over

the balance of these
powers continues in th
e
courts today. Under the
Constitution, both the
federal and the state co
urt
systems have as their
final
court of appeals the Un
ited
VIVIENNE KENSINGTON
an upper class
Warners new girlfriend,
Harvard student
NTE
PAULETTE BUONOFUO
art of gold
A hairdresser with a he
10
11
Background: US Legal System
- the highest
States Supreme Court
other court or
court in the land. No
decisions and
power can overrule its
ere guide the
the decisions made th
king the laws
lower courts and those ma
tation of the
through their interpre
portion of the
Constitution. The lower
a few of the
timeline below shows
Supreme
landmark decisions in
Court history.
Background: Key Cases Timeline
ion, and mob

selfishness, superstit
t it also attests
mentality to abuse it; bu
sig ht of th e
to th e in ge ni ou s fo re
, who designed
Constitutions creators
ad ap t to
th e ju di ci al sy st em to
d technological
unimaginable social an
changes over time.
Did You Know?

is th e ol de st
Th e U. S. Co ns tit ut io n
rld! Its authors
charter in effect in the wo
ec ks an d
cr ea te d a sy st em of ch
ely
tiv
ac
ts
ur
co
y
da
to
US
e
ively kept
In th
la nc es that have effect
rnate
te
ba
Al
e
se
er
ov
d
an
e
to o
en co ur ag
br an ch fro m ga in in g
e
rm
on
fo
y
e
th
an
in
),
DR
(A
ion
rtantly, they
Dispute Resolut
much power. Most impo
n, which
tio
ra
bit
ar
d
an
n
tio
dia
own very
of me
e for allowed for the documents
ns
pe
ex
d
an
e
tim
ve
sa
can
er time.
and
measured evolution ov
both the parties involved
the government.
has
st, the United Kingdom
ra
a
nt
is
co
In
US
e
th
,
ss
ele
rth
Neve
document.
ty, and
no single constitutional
famously litigious socie
ve an
UK is of te n sa id to ha
ov e
e
m
s
Th
se
ca
of
s
nd
sa
ou
th
or de facto constitution
en
d
itt
an
wr
e
un
at
st
e
th
h
ug
th ro
ion
y although most of the UK constitut
federal courts. Only a tin
s
n form of
does exist in the writte
fraction of those in
ies
urt judgments and treat
either system will ever statutes, co
s.
ce
ur
so
t, as w el l as in un w rit te n
reach the Supreme Cour
y Th e do ct rin e of Pa rli am en ta ry
but throughout U.S. histor
e
d sovereignty is the foundation of th
local cases have capture
e
th
d Br iti sh co ns tit ut io n, an d so
the nations attention an
an ge d by
co ns tit ut io n ca n be ch
focused debate on
new Acts.
Parliament by passing
issues foremost in the
sometimes
Today this principle is
minds of the populace.
e to the UK
questioned, however, du
ion,
e membership of the European Un
Some of the cases in th
of the
e changing attitudes
th
d
ge
an
pa
the
on
,
ne
eli
y
tim
o no longer automaticall
wh
y,
ar
k
ici
ar
jud
dm
lan
e
ar
opposite,
sacrosanct.
e
see Acts of Parliament as
decisions in US Suprem
Court history.
e fact
The timeline reveals th
te n
that the US sy st em of
encies of
al lo w s th e w or st tend
human nature such as
12
GROUNDBREAKING
COURT CASES IN US
LEGAL HISTORY
Congress may not proh

ibit slavery in
federal territories. Dr
ed Scott was
a slave who had lived in
the free state
of Illinois and the free
territory of
Wisconsin before retu
rning to the
slave state of Missouri. He
had appealed
to the Supreme Court in
hope of being
granted his freedom. Comm
only referred
to as The Dred Scott De
cision, it fuels
the flames leading to
the American
Ci vil War. (T he 13 th an
d 14 th
Am en dm en ts ex pl ic itl
y ov er tu rn
Dr ed Sc ot t.)
1692Salem, Massach
usetts
The Salem Witchcraft
Trials
An atmosphere of hyste
ria pervaded
Salem Village during th
e summer of
1692, during which ov
er 150 people
were accused of witchcr
aft and brought
into court presumed gu
ilty. The court
allowed torture to extra
ct confessions
and testimony that incl
uded dreams
1886 - Chicago, IL
and apparitions. After
19 executions,
1 de at h as a re su lt of
The Haymarket Riot Trial
to rtu re , an d
erupted when
th e de at hs of se ve ra
a bomb was thrown at
l pr iso ne rs ,
an
otherwise
Governor Phips finally
peaceful workers prot
disallowed
est against
spectral evidence an
police violence and in
d created a
su
pport of an
superior court to hear th
8-hour workday. Eight an
e remaining
ar
ch
cases, all of which were
convicted of inciting vio ists were
dismissed.
len
ce during
Th e ev en ts of th es e tri
th e rio t. A fre nz y of an
al s w er e
tila
bo r an d
dramatized in Arthur
anti-immigrant fears in
Millers 1953
th
e populace
play The Crucible draw
resulted in an unjust trial;
ing parallels
alt
hough the
with the contemporary
prosecution produced no
witch hunts
ev
ide
nce that
of McCarthyism.
the accused men had ma
de or thrown
the bomb that detonated
durin
1803
7 of the 8 were sentence g the riot,
d to death
by hanging.
Marbury v. Madison de
clares a law
passed by Congress un
constitutional
1896
(contradictory to the
constitution).
As a result The Supreme
Courts power Plessy v. Ferguson
of Judicial Review is es
tablished and In 1892 Homer Plessy de
liberately
the checks and bala
entered a railway carriag
nces of US
e
designated
government defined.
for white passengers on
ly. He had been
born free and was one
eighth black
1857
and seven-eights whi
te
, and yet
Dred Scott v. Sanford
under the law of Lous
rules that
iana was still
African-Americans, wh
ether freemen considered black. When Plessy refused
or slaves, are not U.S.
citizens, not to leave the white only carriage and
protected by the constit
ution and that moved to one for coloureds, he was
arrested. In court Plessy
argues that
13
.
n of church and state
tio
ra
pa
se
h
irteent
trial, Inherit
his rights under the th
e 1955 play based on the
Th
th
en
rte
fou
d
an
ce and
(the abolition of slavery)
ind by Jerome Lawren
W
e
Th
d
ha
l)
al
to
ip
ntly revived
(extension of citizensh
Robert E Lee, was rece
.
ed
ct
je
re
s
wa
is
th
e Millers
t
been violated bu
e Old Vic Theatre. Lik
th
at
d
an
ion
at
eg
gr
drew parallels
The decision upholds Se
but The Crucible, it
te
ra
pa
se
the
of
lity
na
arthyism.
the constitutio
ll curb the with McC
wi
h
ic
wh
e,
rin
ct
do
l
equa
an citizens
rk
rights of African-Americ
1951New York, New Yo
.
me
co
for decades to
The Rosenberg Trial
g became the
Ethel and Julius Rosenber
acy
1919
izens executed for conspir
cit
S.
U.
t
1s
es
case was
Schenck v. United Stat
commit espionage. Their rtiality
to
ch
ee
sp
of
od
ho
eli
d the pa
establishes the lik
highly controversial, an
en t
es
pr
te
d
an
ar
le
c
a
po
g
ca us in
and the litical clima
ge
jud
e
th
of
r its
l almost
da ng er as th e te st fo
Red Scare made a fair tria
the
of
is
s
hi
(T
n.
the
tio
constitutional protec
e. Both before and since
ibl
ss
po
im
e
or
m
e
e have been
replaced in 1969 by th
Rosenberg case, ther
of
st
te
ed
fin
de
y
piracy to
narrowl
ictions not only for cons
nv
co
)
n.
tio
ac
s
les
also for actual
imminent law
commit espionage, but
er defendants
espionage, and yet no oth
n,
to
ay
appears
1925D
been executed. Thus it
ve
ha
r gu ilt or
Tennessee
th at re ga rd le ss of th ei
l
ia
Tr
ergs were
The Scopes
innocence, the Rosenb
ose story
High school teacher convenient scapegoats wh
John Scopes agreed
to be arrested and
put on trial in order
to ch al le ng e
a Te nn es se e
la w ag ai ns t
te ac hi ng ev ol ut io n.
Th e ca se fa m ou sly
pitted Clarence Darrow,
a w el l-k no w n la w ye r
an d ci vil lib er ta ria n,
against fundamentalist
Christian statesman
n.
William Jennings Brya
ial
The so-called Monkey Tr
l
na
tio
sp ar ke d he at ed na
Case
religion in the
The Rosenberg Spying Features
debate over evolution,
Rex
to: Everett Collection /
Pho
of
ing
an
public schools, and me
14
helped build popular su

pport for the
1995 Los Angles, Calif
Ko re an War. Th e tri al
ornia
ha s be en
The O.J.Simpson Trial
explored fictionally in no
vels including
After 133 days of televise
E.L.Doctorows book The
Book of Daniel
d testimony,
jurors acquitted O.J. Si
which was adapted int
o a film. It also
mpson of his
ex-wifes murder, despite
provided the inspiratio
overwhelming
n for James
evidence of his guilt. The
Philips 2005 play The Ru
case inspired
benstein Kiss.
national debate over th
e relationship
be tw ee n la w, ce le br ity
1954
, an d
ra ci al at tit ud es . Simp
Brown v. Board of Educ
son was later
ation of Topeka
convicted of wrongfu
invalidates the separa
l death in an
te but equal
an
ticlimactic civil trial.
doctrine and outlaws racia
l segregation
in public schools, pavin
g the way for
2003
desegregation in all area
s of public life.
Grutter v. Bollinger and Gr
atz v. Bollinger
Rules that colleges m
1963
ay consider
race in admissions in a
Gideon v. Wainwright
holistic and
guarantees a
individualized manner,
defendants right to leg
but not in a
al counsel in
mechanical one.
criminal cases.
1966
Miranda v. Arizona rules
that criminal
suspects must be informe
d of their rights
before being questione
d by police.
1973
Roe v. Wade guarantees
a womans
right to an abortion in the
first trimester,
but allows states to int
ervene in the
2nd and 3rd trimesters
. Before this
case laws in some US
states
prohibited abortion. Th
is ruling
made abortion legal thro
ughout
the United States.
1974
United States v. Nixo
n limits the
Presidents Executive
Privilege,
and leads to Nixons re
signation.
OJ Simpson
Photo: Sipq / Rex Features
15
Background: Legal Terms
Legal Terms: How

Many Do You
Already Know?
Background: Legal Terms
rriage is no
used, common law ma
legally recognised.
legal terms
Here are some of the US
Blonde, many
encountered in Legally
e in the UK
of which are the sam
theres
(weve indicated where
a difference).
count of an
ALIBI A provable ac
s at the time
individuals whereabout
it impossible
of a crime that makes
ve committed
for said individual to ha
said crime.
empt or threat
ASSAULT Any willful att
er person and
to inflict injury upon anoth
ility to do so.
the apparent present ab
ing the assault
The individual threaten
is the assailant.
CROSS EXAMINATION
witness by an
The questioning of a
other than the
individual or attorney
ss on matters
one who called said witne
has testified
to which the witness
n.
during Direct Examinatio
inal trial, the
DEFENDANT In a crim
accused of
defendant is the person
the crime.
e and testimony
DEFENSE The evidenc
t to defeat the
offered by the defendan
criminal charge.
DIRECT EXAMINATION
tness by the
wi
e
th
of
g
The questionin
said witness
counsel who has directed
to be present.
r D.A.)
DISTRICT ATTORNEY (o
the US state;
Essentially, an attorney for
lf of the people
an attorney who, on beha
initiates and
a state, prosecutes (i.e.
of
an
ndant;
tio n to its
BAILIFF A court atte
ca rri es ou t a le ga l ac
om
tro
ur
co
a
n
st a defendant
thi
individual who works wi
conclusion) the case again
r,
de
or
s laws.
g
in
ep
d with breaking the state
ge
ar
and is charged with ke
ch
rs
rneys who
the prisone
ere are also district atto
custody of the jury or
Th
ssion.
for the United
while the court is in se
protect and prosecute
e. the federal
States Government (i.
equivalent
IAGE
government). In the UK
COMMON LAW MARR
l
ga
le
osecutor
on
up
sitions are the Crown Pr
po
A m ar ria ge no t ba se d
d
ire
rth er n
e with requ
gl an d, Wal es an d No
En
(in
ceremony and complianc
urator Fiscal
agreement of
Ireland) and the Proc
formalities but upon the
lly
e le ga
in Scotland.
tw o in di vid ua ls w ho ar
er fo r a
th
ge
to
e
liv
to
nt
te
pe
co m
e as husband
mer-like
substantial period of tim
GAVEL A small ham
w
La
ll for
on
Comm
nt used by a judge to ca
me
tru
and wife. The contract of
ins
s
d in 11 State
courtroom.
Marriage is only recognise
order and attention in a
A.
US
the
in
bia
and the District of Colom
term is often
e
th
h
In the UK, althoug
al working in
ASSOCIATE An individu or owner.
rtner,
a law firm who is not a pa
16
LSAT In the US, Law

School
Admission Test. The LS
AT is
all individuals in the US taken by
(and some
other countries) who wa
nt to apply to
law school and is intende
d to measure
certain basic reasoning ab
ilities deemed
to be im po rta nt in th e
su cc es sf ul
study of law. If you w
ish to be a
lawyer in the UK you
will take a
slightly different route.
You must have
a law degree or have co
mpleted a law
conversion course. Solic
itors in the UK
then take a course ca
lled the Legal
Practice Course and wi
ll then apply
for a two year trainin
g contract.
Barristers complete the
Bar Vocational
Course and then appl
y for one year
of pupillage.
MOTIVE The cause or
reason that
moves an individual to a
certain action.
In a criminal trial, the re
ason why the
defendant committed th
e crime with
which s/he is charged.
PATENT Something th
at is evident
or obvious. A legal patent
for an invention
gives the inventor the
absolute right
to the invention and pr
otects it so as
to exclude others from
making, using
or selling the invention
for a period of
time without first obtaini
ng the patent
holders permission.
to whether they are guil

ty or not guilty,
made at the arraignm
ent (the
proceeding during wh
ich the state
charges a person with
a crime).
PLEA BARGAIN an
arrangement
whereby the district attor
ney on behalf
of the state and the defe
ndant and his
or her attorney negotia
te a mutually
agreeable resolution of
the case, for
example, less jail time
provided the
defendant pleads guilty
to the crime
or testifies against so
meone else
involved in the crime.
RESIGNATION A forma
l renouncement
or relinquishment of a po
sition or an
office; for example, Afte
r being charged
with assault, he offered
his resignation
as director of the Peac
e Foundation.
TRIAL An examinatio
n and
determination of issues be
tween parties,
whether they are issues of
law or of fact,
before and by a judge (a
nd sometimes
a jury) in a court of law
.
PERJURY A criminal
offense that
involves making false
statements,
or lying, while testifyin
g (making
statements as a witnes
s in court)
under oath.
PLEA In a criminal ca
se, the plea
is the statement by the
defendant as
17
Women in the Law: An overview
Legally Female: A
Brief Historical
Overview of
Women in the Law
that whether
responded by legislating
a free person
or not a child is a slave or
accordance
will be determined in
atus (hereby
with their mothers st
decision).
overturning the courts
training for a
Women faced a battle in
re even
fa ce d an
profession before they we
Fo r ce nt ur ie s, w om en
Mary
92
their efforts to allowed to enter it. In 17
r
enormous challenge in
l institutions Wollstonecraft published he
Al
.
ion
ss
ofe
pr
law
the
en. In
enter
ols,
ion of the Rights of Wom
ho
at
sc
dic
w
la
Vin
e
th
ly
me
na
of the law,
re viewed
re under the a period where women we
we
ts,
ur
co
d
an
ty
cie
so
law
erty in
as decoration and prop
n.
exclusive control of me
ral arguments
nt
ce
marriage, one of its
educated
history of was that women should be
the
A,
US
d
an
UK
the
th
In bo
ted in so they might contribute fully to
ec
nn
co
ly
se
clo
is
law
the
women in
t until 1876
vement
society. However, it wasn
the womens suffrage mo , the
women
er
the Medical Act allowed
lat
at
d
th
an
ge
sta
rly
ea
its
in
e UK
t.
formally as doctors in th
en
in
em
tra
ov
to
m
s
ht
rig
s
en
wom
ackwell had
tice
(British born Elizabeth Bl
A womens right to prac
fied as
d in New York and quali
osely
ine
cl
s
tra
wa
n
sio
es
of
pr
y
an
ere in 1849
status.
the first female doctor th
connected to her own legal
the first
the
and went on to become
A woman was seen as
1878
d
ing doctor in the UK). In
an
tic
sb
ac
pr
hu
r
he
of
ty
er
op
pr
pted women
London University acce
and the ownership of all
bjects a
for graduation in all its su
he r po ss es sio ns w as
universities
move followed by many
turned legally over to
untry. However Oxford
him on her marriage a around the co
degrees to
University didnt award
law which was not
20, Cambridge in 1948
changed until the 1880s. women until 19
ostensibly the
and Harvard University,
African American
in the nation (and law
women, often slaves, best law school
e for Elle Woods in
have an early powerful school of choic
), did not admit women
history in pursuing the Legally Blonde
50.
g to its law school until as late as 19
law as a means of obtainin
1655,
their own freedom. In
und
for her Women in the United States fo
ed
su
,
ve
sla
a
y,
Ke
th
be
l
Eliza
s
s able to enter the lega
tu
lve
sta
r
se
he
em
at
th
th
ing
gu
ar
freedom by
an their
ancestry profession slightly earlier th
the
by
d
ne
mi
ter
de
be
lle
ld
shou
than British sisters. Beginning with Be
er
th
ra
,
ite
wh
e
fre
a
,
er
of her fath
wa, women
ve. Although A. Mansfield in 1869 in Io
that of her mother, a sla Th e
right to
.
wly began gaining the
62
slo
16
in
,
se
ca
r
he
n
wo
y
23,
Ms Ke
law, state by state. In 19
e
tic
ia
ac
in
pr
rg
Vi
of
lth
ea
Co m m on w
18
Delaware was the last

state to admit
women to the bar. In 18
69, Lemma
Barkaloo entered the La
w Department
of Washington Univers
ity in St. Louis,
thus becoming the first
woman law
student in the nation.
She did not
complete her studies bu
t passed the
Missouri bar upon the co
nclusion of her
first year of study and be
gan practicing
in 1870. Of all the regions
in the US, the
No rth ea st , w ith th e hi
gh es t
concentration of male at
torneys, the
longest history of male at
torneys, and
the most prestigious law
schools, was
the most resistant to th
e admission of
women to the practice
of law.
In Scotland the first wo

men Solicitor,
Madge Easton Anderson,
was admitted
in 1920. In England the
first women
to pass their law exam
ination were
Maud Crofts, Carrie Mor
rison, Mary
Pickup and Mary Syke
s in 1922.
Carrie Morrison finished
her articles
first and was admitted
to the role of
solicitor in 1923. Both she an
d Maud Crofts
had studied at the wome
ns college
Girton, at Cambridge wh
ere they had
been allowed to attend
lectures, and
sit exams but not be
en allowed to
receive degrees. A ye
ar earlier, in
1922, Helena Normanto
n was the first
woman admitted to th
e bar. A true
trailblazer, she would go
In the United Kingdom
on to be the
an application
fir
st woman to lead the pr
by a woman to be admitte
osecution
d as a solicitor in a murd
er trial, the first, with Ro
was made in 1876, but wa
se
s turned down. Heilbron,
to be appointed Kings Co
Women were associat
un
se
ed with the
l,
an d, as a ca m pa ig ne
profession, acting as
r
on
m
ar
ria
ge
assistants to
reform, the first British
solicitors and barristers
woman to be
, and in 1912 a issued wi
th a passport in her ma
bill was introduced into
iden
parliament to name. Sh
e was also, like Elle, a
permit them to qualify in
their own
Sorority Sister, an hono
rig ht bu t fa ile d. In 19 14
rary member
, w he n he r
of
the of the US women
application to be registered
lawyers
as a solicitor
association, Kappa Beta Pi
was turned down by th
an
d Principal
e Law Society, elected
officer for Europe of th
Gwyneth Bebb went to
e
the Court of
International Legal Soro
Appeal. Here she was re
rit
y.
Ye
t
de
sp
ite
jected once
these female
again on the claim that
she was not a professio pioneers, entry into the
n remained difficult fo
person within the term
r
s of the 1843
many women with the
Solicitors Act. The Comm
hi
gh
co
st
of
ittee for the training fo
r articles preventing on
Admission of Women int
o the Solicitors women
ly
of independent means
Profession was formed
, or
to take up the wealthy,
enlightened parents fro
fight, with new private
m
members bills enterin
g.
In 1931, nine years af
introduced and reject
te
r
ed in 1914
Carrie Morrison had be
and 1917. It wasnt un
en
ad
mi
tte
d,
til 1919, with
only about 100 women
th e su cc es sf ul pa ss in
had qualified,
g of th e Se x
an
d as recently as 1967, on
Discrimination (Remov
ly 2.7% of
al) Bill that the solicito
rs were women.
cause was won. The bi
ll finally
recognized that women
were persons From
early on, as women ente
and therefore able to ho
red the
ld public office. profes
sion of law, contrasting
views
ha ve ar ise n as to th ei
r ro le an d
19
e
ggested by US Suprem
su
en
be
s
ha
,
nd
ha
On one
r Ginsburg. In
contribution to the law.
Court Justice Ruth Bade
no
is
e
er
th
at
th
her
women have argued
ch given shortly before
ee
sp
a
ed
tic
ac
pr
is
eme Court,
difference in the way law
nomination to the Supr
o
tw
e
th
at
th
easured
en
by men and wom
burg suggested that m
ns
Gi
l
ua
eq
us
th
d
an
main,
genders are equivalent
seem to me right, in the
ns
tio
mo
r
he
ot
er, an
ll as common
in all aspects. Howev
for constitutional as we
ve
ha
n
me
wo
at
th
limbs too
argument is made
adjudication. Doctrinal
law
e,
tiv
ec
rsp
pe
e
ed, experience teaches,
brought to the law a uniqu
ap
sh
ly
ift
sw
e
th
ial than
nsburg has
one that is less adversar
may prove unstable. Gi
n)
me
by
d
he
lis
urt
tab
traditional method (es
ged that the Supreme Co
ur
o
als
d
an
law
t of
el ec te d
of trying cases in a cour
al lo w fo r di al og ue w ith
e
th
d
an
er
nn
wi
e
th
e
t previously
declaring one sid
branches, a notion no
who served
other the loser.
considered by the men
re her.
solution that befo
re
se
ca
d
fin
to
rt
fo
ef
In an
of a win-win
itors today have come
lic
entertains the philosophy
so
en
om
W
e
th
expanded
n than their
instead, women have
further in the professio
r
fa
te
pu
dis
e
tiv
na
rparts,
law into areas of alter
entieth century counte
tw
rly
ea
lly
cia
pe
es
tion,
their own.
resolution such as media
but still face barriers of
ly
mi
fa
d
an
t
en
ciety
ym
in the areas of emplo
ch by the British Law So
ar
se
Re
ily
ar
ss
ce
2007 revealed that in 31
in
law, where it is not ne
ed
sh
bli
pu
an
ve
le to ha
rs on the
appropriate or desirab
ly 2006 43.7% of solicito
Ju
a
ly,
lar
mi
Si
.
er
the
los
outright winner and
49) were women and
7,2
(5
le
ro
n
tio
ica
jud
to ad
more gentle approach
percentage of woman
law students
was 62.2%. There were
more women
trainees (61.8%) and m
ore women
student enrolments w
ith the law
society (63%). Howeve
r, the
of women partners in law number
firms was
far lower only 23.2% an
d concerns
remain about how many
women leave
the profession after th
e early stages
of their careers. In a spee
ch delivered
to the Association of Wom
en Solicitors
on 12th March 2007 to ma
rk the 85th
anniversary of Carrie
Morrisons
qualification, Mrs Justice
Dobbs noted
that research shows th
at the issues
of gender equality in the
law and legal
professions still continu
es to present
a challenge today all ov
er the world.
W hi lst th er e ha s be en
a h ea lth y
increase in women tra
ining and
qualifying as lawyers, y
ou only have
to look at the attrition
rates to see
that women are not reap
ing the same
rewards and advancem
ents as men
Women always have to
be exceptional
at everything to get ther
e. Why, if they
are equal at the start?
Do women
suddenly become inco
mpetent at
a certain level in a biza
rre and
unexplained way? Of
course the
answer is no. It is large
ly due to the
culture within which th
ey operate.
It is the changing of this
culture that
the Association of Wom
en Solicitors
and other organisation
s are working
hard to exact. Their curre
nt
campaigns include the
encouragement of wome
n to apply
for more judicial appoint
ments and
equal pay in the legal se
ctor. They
also run services to supp
ort
re-entering the professio women
n and giving
rg
tice Ruth Bader Ginsbu
US Supreme Court Jus
Photo: Rex Features
20
21
advice on maternity/ pa
ternity rights
for both men and wome
n enabling
parents to negotiate th
e balance
between family and wo
rk with more
support. Although many
battles have
been well fought in the
campaign for
women to achieve parit
y with their
male counterparts in th
e courtroom,
the war is not yet won.
the
Exercise: Discussion
for a discussion about
lus
mu
sti
as
e
ov
ab
n
matio
thin the law
Use the historical infor
rically and currently wi
to
his
th
bo
d
ce
fa
ve
obstacles women ha
sed may include:
profession. Questions po
me in
n lawyers had to overco
me
wo
at
th
s
cle
sta
ob
e
th
What were some of
the 1800s?
e law
d such obstacles in th
ha
ve
ha
n
me
wo
y
all
toric
Why do you think his
profession?
e obstacles?
n need to overcome thes
me
wo
did
ills
sk
t
ha
W

s
male lawyers? What ha
fe
ry
ra
po
em
nt
co
r
fo
anged
How have things ch
stayed the same?
n quest to
discussion to Elles ow
e
th
rn
tu
,
de
on
Bl
lly
Thinking about Lega
become a lawyer:
be taken
e had to overcome to
Ell
at
th
s
cle
sta
ob
e
th
What were some of
nt in Legally Blonde?
seriously as a law stude
come these obstacles?
er
What did she do to ov
ntemporary
at other characters / co
she not meet th

What obstacles did
women do?
n?
men in the law professio
nt wo
have changed for curre
Do you think things
Why or why not?
u make if you could?
yo
What changes would
22
From the Script

Warner Well,
hello Marilyn! Looks lik
e youll make partner no
Youve really earned it.
w.
VIVIENNE (elbo
ws him) ELLE can only
shake her head.
Vivienne
(disgusted) Warner, sh
ut up!
VIVIENNE
(walks off) WARNER fo
llows her. ELLE is alone
.
Elle
TAKE BACK THE BOOK
S AND PACK UP THE CL
OTHES.

CLEAR OUT THE ROOM
AND DROP OFF THE KE
Y

LEAVE WITH WHATS LE
FT OF MY DIGNITY

GET IN THE CAR AND JU
ST GO

CHALK IT ALL UP TO EX
PERIENCE.

THEY SAID ID FAIL BU
T I DISAGREED;

WHO COULD SAY THEN
WHERE MY

PATH WOULD LEAD?

...WELL, NOW I KNOW
:

BACK TO THE SUN;

BACK TO THE SHORE;

BACK TO WHAT I WAS
BEFORE.

BACK WHERE IM KNOW
N,

BACK IN MY OWN

VERY SMALL POND.

LAUGH WITH MY FRIEND
S

WHEN I ARRIVE

WELL DROP THE TOP
AND JUST DRIVE

THATS FINE WITH ME.

JUST LET ME BE,

LEGALLY, BLONDE.
23
Women in the Law: Female lawyers Case Studies
Fighting to Work,
Arguing at Work:
Woman Pioneers
In the Law
Clara Shortridge Foltz
ale lawyer
Accomplishment: First fem
Californias
in California; Drafted
Inventor of
Womens Lawyers Bill;
Defender
the position of Public
Clara Shortridge Foltz
fornia Portrait Library
Photo: University of Cali
ssage, Foltz
Long after the Bills pa
follows:
s
ribed her feelings as
sc
wa
de
ltz
Fo
e
dg
tri
or
Sh
a
ve
History: Clar
I entreated, I would ha
,
ed
ax
d
co
ha
I
ho
w
e
fiv
reasonable
a single mother of
tions reasoned had they been
pa
cu
oc
s
en
om
w
us
r a living,
tried vario
. . I had to beg -- not fo
r
n.
he
t
me
or
pp
su
t
no
uld
co
and
rn a living.
but to be allowed to ea
family. She wrote that it
the bill
o After much hard campaigning,
ng
was her five children wh
in 1877 and in the followi
law
ce
me
en
ca
nd
be
pe
de
ry
ve
ir
by the
me the first
year, 1878, Foltz beca
spur me onward in
d to the
gle woman lawyer to be admitte
ug
str
e
Th
.
ion
ss
ofe
pr
ned
my
bar. On the day she joi
,
nia
ily
or
lif
fam
Ca
d
an
er
re
ca
n
betwee
ggested
ng the bar, a fellow lawyer su
the dilemma of the worki
use her sex
that she would fail beca
e
mother, is not a new
ep a secret. During on
ke
t
s
no
wa
uld
t
co
bu
on
en
om
phen
the jury not
trial, the prosecutor told
an emotional issue
her because she was
for Foltz. I have lost to listen to
is
of reason. Ms. Foltz
more for myself that incapable
c
bli
pu
e
d th
the person who invente
I have gained for
du
n, in part e
defender as an institutio
all women. All the
d
that she herself suffere
pleasure of my young to the fact
ly.
al
on
s unfairness pers
motherhood I sacrificed the system
d
presented many poor an
re
ltz
.
Fo
s.
e..
M
us
ca
ns
ma
for wo
hi le
en de st itu te pe op le fo r fre e w
Ms. Foltz drafted the Wom
w er e
ut or s on th es e ca se s
g
ec
tin
os
titu
pr
bs
su
by
ll
Bi
s
er
g
Lawy
yment. She started speakin
pa
e
ng
th
ivi
r
ce
fo
re
n
so
er
p
the word
ion called
the out about the need for a posit
words white male in
ual title
g public defender who has a eq
lin
ab
en
by
re
the
,
de
Co
existing
nt to those
ssion. and resources equivale
women to enter the profe
cases.
ort, of the prosecutor of such
pp
su
to
n
re
ild
ch
e
fiv
the
With
lifornias women won
Ca
n
ss
he
pa
W
to
e
at
er
sp
de
Foltz was
yer.
the bill and become a law
24
vote in 1911, they want

ed a woman
in the Brooklyn public sc
prosecutor, and so Ms.
hool system.
Foltz became
In
1895, Ray became activ
the first female deputy dis
e in the
trict attorney Nationa
l Association of Colored W
for Los Angeles County.
omen.
We are lucky
Ra y di ed on Ja nu ar y
to have much informat
4, 19 11 , fro m
ion about
acute Bronchitis.
Ms. Foltz, as she kept
scrapbooks
that are being used by
a biographer
Carrie Morrison
who is writing a book ab
out her life.
Accomplishment: First
woman to be
Charlotte E. Ray
admitted as a solicitor
in the UK.
AfricanAmerican woman admi
History: Born in 1888, Ca
tted to a US
rrie Morrison
state bar.
had studied at the wome
ns college,
Girton, in Cambridge an
d had served
History: Charlotte Ray
in the War Office and
was born on
Army of the
January 13, 1850 in Ne
Black Sea at Constant
w York to a
inople (now
Reverend father who wa
Istanbul) during the Fir
st World War.
s a member
of the Underground Ra
At Cambridge she had
ilroad (which
been allowed
he lp ed sla ve s m ak e th
to attend lectures and
sit exams, but
ei r w ay
to freedom). In 1869, sh
was not awarded a degr
e graduated
ee. Passing
from the Institution for
he
r
la
w
ex
am
in
at
io
ns
the Education
in 1922, she
of Colored Youth in Washin
finished her articles and
was admitted
gton, D.C. and
became a teacher at Howa
to role of solicitor in 1923
. She married
rd University.
She applied to the law sc
Am
br
os
e
Ap
pe
lbe
an
d
became a partner
hool at Howard
using her initials (C.E. Ra
in his firm when he es
tablished it in
y). Although
there was some comm
otion when the Lin co ln s In n in 19 35 . Sh e ha d a
university realized she
was a woman, particular focus on family law, reading
they allowed her to continu
a pa pe r on th e co st s
of do m es tic
e her courses.
Ms. Ray graduated Phi
relations in 1931 and
Beta Kappa in
on reform of
1872 to become the first
female attorney the married womens property law.
in the Capitol as well
In particular she argued
as the first
for
African-American lawye
independence from their womens
r in the nation.
husbands in
The event is immortaliz
terms of income and ta
x.
ed in the
Womans Journal, which
describes
her as a dusky Mulatto
. In the same Brenda Marjorie Hale,
year she opened her ow
n law practice Baroness Hale
in Washington, D.C., ho
wever, due to
woman to be
the pervasive sexism
ap
pointed a UK Law Lord
and racism of
the time, she was forced

to close her transferred in 2009 to the new
UK
practice due to a lack of
Supreme Court.
business.
She returned to New Yo
rk where in
1886 she married and ob
History: Born in Yorksh
tained work
ire in 1945 she
studied at Richmond Hi
gh School for
25
ge
d Girton College Cambrid
Girls an
rspectives
because we need the pe
judging.
that women can bring to
ts are human
This is because: ...juris
are informed
beings, and, as such,
backgrounds,
and influenced by their
riences.
communities, and expe
, social and
For cultural, biological
en do have
historic reasons, wom
an men.
different experiences th
uating with a
where she read law grad
r class. She
starred first, top of he
ss again in
graduated top of her cla
called to
1969 when, having been
he r fin al s.
th e ba r, sh e co m pl et ed
mbined work
For eighteen years she co
ademic work
as a barrister with ac
r of Law at
and became professo
a Day OConnor
in 1986. In 1984 Sandr
woman to be
Manchester University
d youngest
an
n
ma
wo
st
fir
the
s
Court.
wa
she
the
pointed to the Supreme
to
d
ap
te
in
po
ap
be
to
er
person ev
she oversaw
y OConnor
Law Commission where
story: In 1981, Sandra Da
law
Hi
ly
mi
fa
in
s
rm
fo
re
ed to
ed
propos
the first woman appoint
the
me
for
ca
te
be
ha
of
t
ge
tar
a
r
he
which made
Born in 1930
the US Supreme Court.
o worked on
als
e
Sh
s.
es
pr
ng
wi
Stanford
ht
rig
xas, she graduated from
n Ac t.
Te
re
in
ild
Ch
g
kin
ea
br
nd
rsity
th e gr ou
89
ity and Stanford Unive
19
rs
in
l
ive
se
Un
un
Co
ns
ee
Qu
She was made
r family settled
ar. In 1994
Law School. She and he
ye
at
th
er
lat
er
rd
co
Re
e served
and
oenix, Arizona, where sh
Justice
Ph
of
t
in
ur
Co
gh
Hi
e
th
d
ral
re
she ente
na assistant attorney gene
izo
a
Ar
d
an
te
in
as
po
ap
as
w
d
as a judge an
e joined the
der of the
from 1965-1969 until sh
Or
e
th
of
r
de
an
mm
Co
elected
Dame
the
Senate. In 1974, she was
na
me
izo
ca
Ar
be
e
sh
99
19
In
e.
79,
British Empir
and five years later, in 19
ge
ed
jud
int
l
po
tria
ap
a
be
to
er
ev
na Court
second woman
new
was appointed to the Arizo
ing
e
ak
sh
re
(b
al
pe
Ap
of
t
ur
months
to the Co
als. It was only eighteen
in
pe
nd
Ap
ou
of
gr
ck
ba
r
he
n
ground give
Ronald Reagan
Privy Council later that President
e
th
g
rin
te
en
,
ia)
em
e Court
ad
ac
was
nated her to the Suprem
e
mi
sh
no
04
20
In
e.
tim
e
st
m
at the sa
1983, she became its fir
le
in
ma
e
fe
er
st
wh
fir
e
th
me
co
appointed to be
tired from the
and was
woman member. She re
y
ar
din
Or
in
al
pe
Ap
of
ice.
Lord
mond. bench after 24 years of serv
ch
Ri
of
le
Ha
s
es
nn
ro
created Ba
about equal
She holds strong views
g
e importance
Ruth Bader Ginsbur
rights for women and th
Woman to be
ng the top of
Accomplishment: Second
of more women reachi
t.
d judiciary. In a appointed to the US Supreme Cour
the legal profession an
2004 she
Bar Reform Lecture in
years after
verley
History: In 1993, twelve
quoted Chief Justice Be
intment, Ruth
e Court of
Justice OConnors appo
McLachlin of the Suprem
the second
e of womens
Bader Ginsburg became
Canada of the importanc
the US
ary: The ...
woman appointed to
contribution to the judici
ning the court,
why I believe
Supreme Court. Prior to joi
most important reason
benches is
we need women on our
26
Ginsburg worked as a
law clerk and
History: Born in 1955 in
then as a professor at
Dominica to
Rutgers
An
tiguan and Dominican pa
University Law School
rents and
and Columbia
the tenth of twelve child
University Law School
re
n,
she
. It was at
moved to Walthamstow
Columbia that she be
London when
came the first she wa
s three where she attend
tenured woman profes
ed
sor
Walthamstow School fo
co-authored the first law and
r girls.
school case She stu
died for her Law Degree
book on gender discrimina
from
tion. In 1971, London
University externally at
sh e la un ch ed th e Wom
Mid
en s Ri gh ts Essex Te
chnical College in 1976
Project of the American
and
Civil Liberties was ca
lled to the bar at the Midd
Un io n (A CL U) an d se
rv ed as th e
le
Temple in 1977 specialisi
General Counsel for th
ng
in
family
e ACLU from and ch
ildrens law. She was ma
1973-1980. Ginsburg stepp
de
ed down from Queens
Counsel in 1991, the first
that position in 1980 af
ter President black
woman to be made so an
Jimmy Carter appointe
d the
d her to the
yo
un
ge
st person since William
United States Court of Ap
Pitt
peals for the the Youn
ger. In 1994 she was na
District of Columbia Circ
med
uit. On June
as a Millennium Commiss
14, 1993, President Bill Cli
ioner and
nton nominated was
also a member of the
her as an Associate Ju
stice of the
Commission for Racial
Supreme Court. During he
Equality. In
r confirmation 1997 sh
e was elected as a Benc
hearings, Ginsburg refu
her of
sed to answer the M
iddle Temple and receive
questions regarding her
d a life
personal views peerag
e in the same year as pa
on most politically char
rt of
ged issues
th
e
La
bo
ur Party list of working
(abortion, gay rights,
peers.
separation of Whilst
serving in the House of
church and state, etc.
Lo
rds
) or how she
she has served a numb
would adjudicate certain
er of
hypothetical
government posts includ
situations if they wer
ing
e before her;
Parliamentary Under-S
Were I to rehearse here
ec
retary of
what I would State at
the Foreign and
say and how I would re
ason on such
Commonwealth Office
questions, I would act
and in 2001 she
injudiciously.
became Parliamentary
Her refusals, now know
Secretary in
n as the
the Lord Chancellors De
Ginsburg Precedent, ha
partment and
s reappeared was ma
de a member of the Privy
in subsequent confirmat
ion hearings. Council
. In 2003 she was made
M
ini
ste
r of State for the Crimina
Patricia Janet Scotl
l
and,
Ju
sti
ce
system and Law Reform
Baronness Scotland
at
the Home Office where
she was
Black Woman charged with promoting
a new
to be made a Queens
Counsel and
extradition treaty with th
e USA in the
First Woman to be appo
inted Attorney House of Lords. In 2007
she was
General of England, W
appointed Attorney Gene
ales and
ral by
Northern Ireland
Gordon Brown, the first
woman to
hold this office since it
was
established in 1315.
27
FROM THE SCRIPT
p
entire cast enters in ca
e
Th
y.
da
n
tio
ua
ad
gr
to
nne is at
we transition
NS CLASS OF 2009. Vivie
(As Elle and Warner exit
IO
AT
UL
AT
GR
ON
C
s
ad
er re
and gown as a giant bann
And it
the lectern.)
o thine own self be true.
T
e:
ot
wr
ce
on
e
ar
y
pe
Shakes
t not then be false to an
ns
ca
Vivienne: William
ou
Th
y.
da
e
th
,
ht
n. A blonde
must follow as the nig
best applies to a woma
nt
me
te
sta
se
wi
is
th
ve
urself
man. I belie
all, that being true to yo
us
ed
ow
sh
d
an
,
me
ht
ledictorian, Elle
woman. She taug
and gentlemen, your va
s
die
La
le.
sty
of
t
ou
es
never go
Woods!
on the Wall
Exercise Part 1: Role
as follows:
activity, Role on the Wall
e
th
te
tra
ns
mo
de
p
ou
As a whole gr
ter Elle from
to represent the charac
e
ur
fig
a
aw
dr
r,
pe
pa
need to be an
On large piece of
l outline so you dont
ra
ne
ge
a
be
t
jus
ld
ite on
ou
at you have room to wr
Legally Blonde. This sh
th
so
gh
ou
en
ge
lar
rm
the fo
artist to draw it. Draw
figure, Elle.
of the figure. Label the
de
tsi
ou
e
th
d
an
ide
the ins
es, pressures,
rm the external influenc
sto
ain
s
br
e
ur
fig
e
th
of
brainstorm her feeling
ide
ins
e
On the outside
th
On
al.
sic
mu
Elle in the
s.
conflicts that affected
these external pressure
th
wi
d
te
cia
so
as
ts
gh
and thou
small groups.
Divide the class into
provided.
r from the historical list
te
ac
ar
ch
a
se
oo
ch
the
to
them
mplete the same, Role on
co
to
In these groups, ask
em
th
k
as
d
an
p
ou
each gr
ible external
Pass out large paper to
will brainstorm the poss
ey
th
ps
ou
gr
In
r.
te
ac
ar
rs life,
Wall activity for this ch
the facts of the characte
all
ve
ha
nt
do
ey
th
e
Sinc
and internal pressures.
ght be.
what some pressures mi
ise
rm
su
to
d
ke
as
e
ar
ey
th
otagonists
in the Life Creating Pr
y
Da
drawn
2:
rt
Pa
se
erci
Ex
between two characters
e
en
sc
a
of
n
tio
ea
cr
e
up to th
ve selected.
The next exercises build
es of the woman you ha
nc
rie
pe
ex
d
ine
ag
im
ur
from yo
record of their
or scrapbooks to keep a
s
rie
dia
pt
ke
n
me
wo
pt scrapbooks
In the past many
lena Normanton both ke
He
d
an
ltz
Fo
e
dg
tri
or
nting to
experiences. Clara Sh
resource for people wa
ble
lua
va
a
as
ed
us
d
an
which are now archived
.
em
th
t
discover more abou
re depth,
ur chosen woman in mo
yo
re
plo
ex
to
int
po
oup in
ng
rti
rked with in a larger gr
wo
Using this idea as sta
ve
ha
u
yo
at
th
r
te
ac
n).
e char
for each of these wome
ry
split into pairs (keep th
sto
e
on
an
th
re
mo
ere will be
the earlier exercise th
28
In your pairs write a

diary entry of a day in
the life of this woman.
include an obstacle fro
This day should
m her professional life
that affected her.
In your writing think
about where the obsta
cle came from and how
this obstacle as well as
she overcame
the obstacle itself. Wha
t were the consequenc
overcoming it? How did
es of her
she feel? Was she chan
ged in any way?
Exercise Part 3: Poin
t/Counter Point Diary En
tries Creating Antago
Having finished your
nists
diary entry for this chosen
woman, now think of an
character who is oppo
other
sition to her in her life,
and has contributed to
she faced/ or knows ab
the obstacle
out them. This informatio
n isnt in the historical
information, so you mu
st create this characte
r yourself. For example
be a judge, a male colle
they might
ague or an unsupportive
family member.
Take the same obsta
cle you wrote about in
your day in the life diary
approach it from the op
entry and
posing point of view of
this new character (th
about moments in Lega
ink
lly Blonde where char
acters see things from
different perspectives
for example Elle sees W
arner breaking up with he
a tragedy but Warner se
r as
es it very differently).
In your pairs now wr
ite a diary entry where
this new character is ta
about the female lawye
lking
r.
Exercise Part 4: Shar
ing
In Legally Blonde: The M
usical characters sometim
es use a theatrical
device of mingling their
spoken thoughts with
their speech. This
particularly happens wi
thin songs.
Think of some exam
ples where this happen
s within
the musical.
You are now going to
use this device for the
characters youve writ
about. The written diar
ten
ies of the characters
thoughts will be spoken
aloud in pairs.
In your pairs choose
a character each e.g. Pe
rson A is the
Female Lawyer and pe
rson B is the antagonis
t character.
Divide the diary entry
you will be reading int
o sections
that separate out the ma
in thoughts of the charac
ter.
Number each of the sect
ions. If possible Person
A (the
female lawyer) should
have one more passag
e than Person
B. For example A might
have 5 sections and B
might have 4.
29
, practise reading
the numbered passages
o
int
try
en
e
th
up
lit
m B, then 2
sp
Once youve
ssage 1 from A, then 1 fro
pa
ch
oa
pr
ap
g
on
g/p
e pieces of
them aloud in a pin
y wish to redivide up th
ma
u
Yo
.
on
so
d
an
B
from A and then 2 from
gether.
text so they flow well to
it.
ance and the shape of
rm
rfo
pe
d
en
e
th
t
ou
think ab
d the end? How
As youre practising
w is it in the middle an
Ho
g?
nin
gin
be
e
th
the
at
What is the mood
piece feels finished for
e
th
of
nt
me
mo
al
fin
e
might you ensure that th
audience?
th
Share your piece wi
the class.
aring
e
Exercise Part 5: Comp
time thinking about th
me
so
d
en
sp
s
xt
te
r
ei
ared th
ch of the
When everyone has sh
re than one version of ea
mo
be
ld
ou
sh
e
er
Th
d.
nt parts of
characters you create
een them? What differe
tw
be
es
nc
re
fe
dif
e
th
re
right or wrong
female lawyers. What we
Remember there is no
d?
te
gh
hli
hig
re
we
historical
s
their personalitie
rs create stories from
ite
wr
n
he
W
.
re
he
r
at
te
r several aspects) of th
version of any charac
(o
ct
pe
as
an
to
n
aw
dr
ays
or resonant.
characters they are alw
d interesting, intriguing
fin
ey
th
at
th
life
rs
te
ac
char
ting Scenes
lawyer has to
Exercise Part 6: Crea
nal obstacle that your
igi
or
e
th
to
rn
tu
re
irs
e action.
Back in your pa
e going to dramatise th
ar
u
yo
e
tim
is
Th
.
me
overco
at shows
scene between them th
t
or
sh
a
te
ea
cr
rs
te
ac
Using your two char
pact, rather than tells it.
what happens and its im
r try to
the situation itself eithe
in
ed
olv
inv
t
no
s
wa
r
acte
ment in the day
If your second char
, or think of another mo
em
th
e
lud
inc
to
e
acting to
en
amend your sc
unsupportive relative re
an
be
t
gh
mi
It
.
eg
ed
telling
where they are involv
that has on the lawyer
ct
pa
im
e
th
d
an
o
nt
ide
conflict between your tw
being told about an inc
ar
cle
a
is
e
er
th
e
er
uation wh
them. Try and find a sit
characters.
ters feel at
e. How do your charac
en
sc
e
th
of
od
mo
e
th
t
r in the
As before think abou
Who has the most powe
d?
en
e
th
at
d
ge
an
ch
s
the beginning? What ha
ifted at all by the end?
sh
r
we
scene? Has the po
to the group.
es and play them back
en
sc
ur
yo
se
ar
he
Re

g.
you made at the beginnin
ts
ee
sh
ll
ro
ur
yo
r
ide
ns
shared co
feels?
When everyone has
w your character thinks/
ho
t
ou
ab
em
th
to
d
ad
Is there anything to
30
FROM THE SCRIPT

(Meet Kate, Delta Nus
KATE
ELLE
Scholastic Chair.)
Harvard Law School?
I have a 4.0 average.

KATE Ye
ah, in fashion merchand
ising. What makes you
think
you can do this?
ELLE
LOVE!

IM DOING THIS FOR LO
VE,

AND LOVE WILL SEE M
E THROUGH;

YES, WITH LOVE ON M
Y SIDE I

CANT LOSE,

AND HARVARD CANT
REFUSE

A LOVE SO PURE AND
TRUE...

DONT LAWYERS FEEL
LOVE TOO?
KATE
EVEN IF THEY DO;

WHAT YOU WANT, SW
EETHEART,

IS NO EASY THING.

IF YOURE GOING TO SW
ING IT

IT WILL WRECK YOUR

SENIOR SPRING.

YEAH, ITS TRUE:

FIRST YOULL NEED AN
LSAT SCORE

OF MORE THAN ONE SE
VENTY FOUR,
31
The Art of Persuasion: Thinking Like A Lawyer
From the script
ER
U CHOOSE A LAW CARE
YO
N
HE
W
W
NO
...
)
ily
Callahan (eas
BARK;
THE MOMENT YOU EM

RE BOUND TO HEAR;
ERE IS THAT JOKE YOU
TH

K.
A LAWYER IS A SHAR

TIC AND ITS DUMB.
RE THAT. ITS SIMPLIS
NO
IG
ME.

OUT SHARKS, JUST SO
RN
TU
ILL
W
U
YO
OF
E
ONLY SOM

(he smiles)

.
THE REST... ARE CHUM

a case for
, lawyers have to argue
as
am
dr
al
leg
ny
ma
in
version of events.
In Legally Blonde, and
e judge and jury of their
th
e
inc
nv
co
to
try
age. In the
d
an
their clients
ar and persuasive langu
cle
ing
us
by
se
ca
eir
guage
th
They need to make
r own clear persuasive lan er.
he
s
se
es
rn
ha
e
Ell
,
de
on
r husbands murd
final scenes of Legally Bl
not responsible for he
s
wa
ke
oo
Br
w
ho
e to convince
te
to demonstra
use persuasive languag
tt
me
Em
h
tc
wa
we
t
rip
mies wrong.
Elsewhere in the sc
s and prove her ene
die
stu
r
he
to
wn
do
kle
Elle to knuc
different
e courtroom but in many
th
in
ed
us
ill
sk
a
t
jus
t
nce
Persuasive language isn
s into account the audie
ke
ta
e
ag
gu
lan
e
siv
ua
pers
aspects of life. Effective
d effect on them.
de
en
and the speakers int
sive
dents to explore persua
stu
e
ag
ur
co
en
to
es
cis
Here are some exer
s.
language for themselve
Eg: a politician wants vo

ters to vote for her (and
not her opponent) by ma
promises and highligh
king
ting her experience. Or
a teenager wants to co
his parents to let him sta
nvince
y out later because he ha
s shown that he is respon
and trustworthy.
sible
Make a record of these
different speakers on a
white board or sheet of
You may want to create
paper.
a chart [Speaker/Argum
ent/Audience/Methods]
students responses fo
to record
r their reference in Exer
cise 2.
2. Get them to now think
of a time recently when
they have used a form
persuasive language th
of
emselves.
What point were they
try
ing to make?
Who was their audie

nc
e?
How did they shape

wh
at they said in order to
How successful we
re th
ey in their persuasion?
If they were, why? If

not, how might they ha
ve changed their argume
speech in order to be mo
nt/
re successful.
n
dents to
Exercise 1: Discussio
e language ask the stu
siv
ua
rs
pe
of
t
ep
nc
co
e
in daily life.
1. Having introduced th
may be encountered
it
ch
hi
w
in
ts
ex
nt
co
think about
Get them to consider:
e?
use persuasive languag
t
gh
mi
o
wh
of
ink
th
u
Who else can yo
make?
ink they ware trying to
th
u
yo
do
int
po
t
ha
W

dience?
d au
Who is their intende
apes their language in
this speaker sh
What are the ways
that audience?
32
get their point across?
order to reach
33
FROM THE SCRIPT
FROM THE SCRIPT

EMMETT

MY SHOULDER.
NO THATS THE CHIP ON
D TOLD HER:
I HUGGED MY MOM AN
E BEEN GIVEN,
WITH THE CHANCE IV
EN AS HELL!
IM GOING TO BE DRIV
THE DAY OFF,
THOUGH I CANT TAKE
Y OFF.
I JUST THINK OF THE PA
YOUR SHOULDER,
YOU NEED A CHIP ON
COMMA, ELLE.
LITTLE MISS WOODS,
to Character
icate
Exercise 2: Getting in
dia are used to commun
me
of
ds
kin
nt
re
fe
dif
ny
ites, magazines,
In the modern world, ma
dio, newspapers, webs
ra
,
TV
ing
lud
inc
nt
me
a persuasive argu
blogs and billboards.
used to
ferent media that may be
dif
e
th
all
rm
sto
ain
br
1. Get the students to
ments.
convey persuasive argu
er in
ters they created togeth
ac
ar
ch
of
t
lis
e
th
to
rn
retu
other one of their own).
an
of
2. Ask the students to
nk
thi
to
ely
tiv
na
er
e (or alt
Exercise 1 and select on
ter. Imagine some
t speech as that charac
or
sh
a
or
r
te
let
a
ite
wr
way for them
3. Ask them to
e. Think about the best
us
t
gh
mi
r
te
ac
ar
ch
nce.
at
of the language th
ssage and target audie
me
eir
th
nd
mi
in
ing
ep
Would it make
to express their case, ke
m to use in their context?
the
for
dia
me
st
be
spot?
the
What would be
ess conference? A radio
pr
a
r
fo
nt
me
te
sta
a
e
most sense to prepar
itor?
Or write a letter to an Ed
have
in character. When they
ng
ini
ma
re
rk,
wo
ir
the
e
shar
many of them
4. Ask for volunteers to
dience to find out how
au
e
th
of
ll
po
aw
str
a
t
finished conduc
were convinced.
34
CALLAHAN (Smiling)
Gotcha!
OH DEAR, I FEAR MY CO
MMENT HAS OFFENDED

.
. HARD TO ARGUE, TH
OUGH, WHEN YOURE
TOO
MAD TO SPEAK.
YOUR EMPLOYMENT W
ILL BE VERY QUICKLY EN
DED
ONCE THEY SEE HOW YO
UR EMOTIONS MAKE YO
U WEAK.
EXERCISE 3: Voting with

your feet
1. Before the exercise
assemble a set of state
ments related to Legally
on which students ar
Blonde
e likely to have strong
opinion. They may incl
things like: It is never
ude
OK to repeat a secret,
Anger is always nega
Its understandable wh
tive,
y Elle was never taken
seriously before and so
(you can also prepare sta
on
tements on specific area
s).
2. On large sheets of pa
per write out five possibl
e responses to the state
Strongly Agree, Agree, Ne
ment:
ither Agree or Disagree,
Disagree, Strongly Disagr
ee.
3. Line these pieces of
paper in order across th
e floor to create an ax
agreement (leave plent
is of
y of space behind them
and around them).
4. Read a statement fro
m your list and ask the stu
dents to vote with their fee
stand behind the paper tha
t and
t corresponds to their ow
n response to the statem
ent.
5. When they have settle
d on their responses ask
them to discuss with the
with them why they fin
people
d themselves at that po
sition.
6. Ask the group to selec
t a spokesperson who ca
n relate to the rest of the
the main points in sixty
group
seconds or less, and try
to enlist people from ot
groups to join them. On
her
ce all the arguments ha
ve been heard, give stu
the opportunity to move
de
nt
s
if them arguments have
changed their minds.
7. After the exercise ha
ve a group discussion
about which argument
particularly effective, an
s were
d why? How did it feel
to have to explain what
believed? How did it fe
they
el to change their mind
s?
35
FROM THE SCRIPT
FROM THE SCRIPT

Vivienne

The Art of Persuasion: Working For Change
E DAY YOUD LEAVE

I USED TO PRAY FOR TH
.
YOU DID NOT BELONG
SWORE UP AND DOWN
,
THEN I SAY IM WRONG
BUT WHEN IM WRONG
OUT YOU.
AND I WAS WRONG AB
Speechmaking
ing to
Exercise 4: Impromptu
often finds herself need
e
Ell
,
rs
ke
ea
sp
c
bli
to
pu
d
lies on her gut instincts
Like many lawyers an
re
d
an
e
ar
ep
pr
to
e
lot of tim
speak without having a
build her arguments.
u speeches
rtunity to give imprompt
po
op
an
ve
ha
ll
wi
s
nt
ships.
In this exercise, stude
of low-exposure partner
ty
rie
va
a
in
s
pic
to
ed
er
nt
on a number of youth-ce
be
ir selects one partner to
pa
ch
Ea
.
irs
pa
o
int
t
ge
to
1. Ask all the students
be B.
to
r
he
ot
A and the
a prompt.
ssible topics below as
po
e
th
of
e
on
rs
fe
of
iving
r
2. The teache
ly Dating College Dr
mi
Fa
n
tio
ca
Va
er
mm
ar
Friendship Su
Voting Technology W
ia
ed
M
e
Th
d
oo
F

Money
At any point B
of a particular topic to B.
s
ro
P
the
of
all
g
tin
the topic.
sta
3. Each A begins
plain all of the Cons on
ex
to
gin
be
w
no
st
mu
A
ately
can say Cons, and
and Cons for approxim
s
ro
P
g
yin
sa
n
ee
tw
be
B continues to alternate
2 minutes.
over: B must
ic and the partners swap
top
w
ne
a
s
ce
un
no
an
s again
w
4. The teacher no
eaking pros and con
sp
n
ee
tw
be
s
te
na
er
alt
now speak while A
tes.
for approximately 2 minu
/listen,
to speak and to prompt
y
nit
rtu
po
op
e
th
d
ha
have
5. Once both partners
partners.
ct students to find new
tru
ins
n
the teacher ca
oupings).
5-6 times (or for 5 or 6 gr
e
cis
er
ex
e
th
at
pe
Re
6.
e
together and discuss th
ck
ba
p
ou
gr
e
th
ing
br
ercise
ging?
7. At the end of the ex
hat did they find challen
W
.
em
th
th
wi
e
cis
er
ex
?
experience of the
all in different groupings
at
ge
an
ch
g
kin
ma
ch
Did they find their spee
36
ELLE has a LIGHTBULB
ELLE
MOMENT, raises her ha
Your honour, I would lik
nd.
e to go to the bathroom
.
Shouldnt you have gone
before the murder trial?
WARNER
Why do girls always do
that?....
VIVIENNE
(punches WARNER in th
e bicep.)
ELLE
I mean, Id like everyo
ne to go back to the
bathroom
where this alleged show
er took place.
JUDGE

This I gotta see. Lets
all go to the bathroom.
JUDGE
37
Change begets
change. Nothing
propagates so fast.
Charles Dickens
world change?
When and how does the
r you decide
Whenever and howeve
de is populated
to change it. Legally Blon
to have their
by characters motivated
rld whether
hand in changing the wo
s to run for the
it be Warners aspiration
politician, or
US Senate as an elected
n the political
Enids desire to redesig
the change
system altogether, or
ttes life
brought about in Paule
through Elles support.
littering the
cigarette butts were
own. Since it
beaches of her homet
e remains of
takes five years for th
te, she knew
a cigarette to disintegra
ne.
something had to be do
-up campaign
Joying launched a clean
on the Beach.
and dubbed it No Butts
s troop and
She enlisted her Brownie
, businesses,
convinced local schools
te labor and
and carpenters to dona
cigarette butt
materials to construct
each entrance
disposal containers for
to Joyings
to the beach. Thanks
hes are
initiative, the local beac
noticeably cleaner.
ne xt ge ne ra l
As w e ap pr oa ch th e
later in 2010,
election in this country
with different
the media will be filled
n change the
ideas about how we ca
the better
country and the world for
ople to do it.
and who are the best pe
happens in
But change in the world en if you
d ev
many different ways, an
te you can
vo
are not old enough to
ge whether
still contribute to that chan
about things
it be writing to your MP
llowing in the
that concern you, or fo
young people
footsteps of some of the
ge the world
below who set out to chan
and succeeded.
onmental
Joying Brescia Envir
Campaigner
en children
I have learned that ev
r the earth,
can do good things fo
o took on a
says Joying Brescia, wh
oblem at the
local environmental pr
noticed that
age of eight when she
Kids for
Madhav Subrmanian
Tigers
med Madhav
In 2008 the Guardian na
o could save
one of the 50 people wh
s, Kirat Singh,
the planet. With his friend
shnol, twelve
Sahir Doshi and Suraj Bi
manian set up
year old Madhav Subr
ct which works
the Kids for Tigers proje
across India
in hundreds of schools
aware of the
to make young people
big cats.
dangers facing these
on the streets
Madhav raises money
s, singing and
of Mubai by writing poem
2008 he had
selling merchandise. By
two years.
collected 6,500 in just
www.kidsfortigers.org
Well
Ryan Hreljac Ryans
Foundation
ed of the dire
Ryan Hreljac first learn
Africa in his
need for clean water in
away he took
first year at school. Right
ores to raise
on extra household ch
he discovered
$70 to build a well. When
d only pay for
that that amount woul
ving until he
the pump, he went on sa
38
had paid for his first we

ll. Inspired by
his perseverance, his
classmates
joined in the effort, and
the media told
his story, bringing in fu
nds for more
wells, as well as equipme
nt to dig them.
Ryan has continued his
work through
his non-profit organiza
tion, Ryans
Well Foundation. Ryan
is now 15, and
to date he has raised ov
er $1.5 million
and built 266 wells in 12
countries.
Im just a typical kid
, says Ryan.
I had a small dream, an
d I stayed with.
Everybody can do some
thing.
Talia Leman Random
Kid
Ten-year-old Talia Lema
n was eager
to help the victims of Hurri
cane Katrina,
but wasnt sure how to
do it until she
came up with her plan
for TLC -Trick
or Treat for the Levee
Catastrophe.
Talia challenged thousa
nds of kids
across the country to
ask for small
change instead of candy
at Halloween
an d co nv in ce d a M id
w es te rn
supermarket chain to print
8 million TLC
trick-or-treat bags. Sh
e asked the
Governor of Iowa to co
ntact each
states governors office
to help spread
the word. Talias origina
l plan, drawn
in #2 pencil on lined sc
hool paper,
resulted in kids from ap
proximately
4,0 00 sc ho ol s tri ck -o
r-t re at in g or
holding hurricane relie
f fundraisers.
All told, the campaign
raised over
five million dollars. Talia
is now CEO
of RandomKid, an orga
nization that
helps kids help others.
You can do
anything if you put your
mind to it,
sa ys Ta lia . I t m ig ht be
ha rd , bu t
when you get worried,
just remember
all the people you are he
lping.
Ricky McCalla Froste

d Ice Inc
Ricky was a talented
young dancer
and choreographer fro
m Bromley in
Kent, who seemed to ha
ve a promising
future, already in demand
from some of
the biggest names in the
music industry.
But when he was shot
in the back of
the neck during a bung
led carjacking
he was left partially di
sabled.
De te rm in ed no t to be
de fe at ed he
decided to turn his ex
perience into
something positive by
becoming a
mentor to young peop
le at risk
of offending. Just three
months after
the shooting he devised
Frosted Ice
Inc, a music training pr
oject to help
violent teenagers esca
pe life on the
streets, which he set
up with grant
su pp or t fro m th e Pr in
ce s Tr us t.
Th e pr oj ec t be ga n in
20 06 an d by
2008 more than 300 te
enagers had
completed his course.
39
Elle on Stage: Writing her Script
FROM THE SCRIPT
S OVERSEAS
I DID THE PEACE CORP
ES
INNOCULATING REFUGE
MUD

I BUILT MYSELF FROM
AT
TH
S
IC
IN
CL
ILY
M
IN FA

AND TREES.
THEIR LAGOONS
I FOUGHT TO CLEAN UP

ENDANGERED LOONS
AND SAVE THEIR RARE

MARCH AGAINST
THEN LED A PROTEST

NS.
INSENSETIVE CARTOO
PRETTY IMPRESSIVE
EMMET & STUDENTS:
L TRACK,
NOW IM ON THE LEGA
T
BU
)
ing
go
s
ep
ENID (ke
YS OUT OF WHACK
BECAUSE THIS COUNTR

D TAKE
VE THE GUTS TO GO AN
AND ONLY WOMEN HA

IT BACK.
RNMENT COME CLEAN,
WELL MAKE THE GOVE

VOTING GREEN,
AND GET MORE PEOPLE
AR

THE PHALLOCENTRIC W
TO
IT
K
IC
ST
LY
AL
RE
AND

MACHINE.

Action
ange Discussion and
EXERCISE: Creating Ch
with students
g off point, brainstorm
pin
jum
a
as
ics
lyr
ng
so
Using Enids
em.
issues that matter to th
their
which they could make
in
ys
wa
of
rm
sto
ain
br
Follow this with a
mmunities.
voices heard in their co
ight
g a difference? How m
in
ak
m
to
ce
fa
ey
th
s
er
What are the barri
?
me
co
they be over
uting to this
of the next step in contrib
ink
th
to
nt
de
stu
ch
ea
Encourage
change.
rsuasive writing
P using some of the pe
M
al
loc
eir
th
to
g
,
itin
This may be wr
g a network or a charity
nin
joi
e,
lin
on
ing
ch
ar
se
techniques above, re
event.
organising a fundraising
ENID
40
Going Blonde The

Road to Broadway
for Elle Woods
Origi
nally, Elle Woods existed

only in
the mind of Amanda Br
own, who
penned the novel LEGA
LLY BLONDE
in 2001 and named her
heroine after
the vernacular law stud
ents use to
describe themselves to
one another
a 1L is a first year
law student,
so Brown named her fictio
nal alter-ego
Elle, and a cultural ico
n was born.
After making the leap
to the silver
screen in the 2001 MGM
film Legally
Blonde starring Reese
Witherspoon,
Elle had officially broken
loose as the
newest pop culture em
bodiment of
female empowerment.
After the
resounding success of the
film version,
a sequel was spawned in
2003 chronicling
Elle Woods further adve
ntures. So one
has to wonder, how mu
ch bigger can
Elle Woods get?
As k th e re sid en t bl on
de s on th e
musicals writing team Heather Hach
(b oo kw rit er ) an d Ne ll
Be nj am in
(co-author of the mus
ic an
with her husband, Larry d lyrics,
OKeefe),
and theyll tell you: MUC
H bigger!
How did the writers of
Legally Blonde
approach the challeng
e of taking a
well-known and loved
character and
translating her story in
to a singing,
dancing Broadway music
al? We asked
th em , an d go t th e an
sw er, an d
much more...
What first excited you

about working
on Legally Blonde?
HH: The thought of Br
oadway was
intoxicating and a ne
w challenge,
as Id never worked fo
r
Broadway before.
What is your writing pr
ocess like?
HH: Its very collabora
tive.
closely with Larry and Ne I worked
ll to beat out
how we saw the story
flowing - new
twists and where the so
ngs might fall
- and crafted it together
.
NB: Then, in terms of so

ngs, the first
thing, before the lyrics
or music, is to
identify the idea behi
nd the song.
The best songs are ne
w ideas that
can only happen at th
is moment in
the story. When you de
cide what the
important moment is, (w
hat decision
or statement needs to be
made right
now) then you know w
hat your
characters are going
to sing about.
Once we have the idea
, we look for
the right words, phrase
s or ideas for
them to sing. (For insta
nce,
of excited sorority girls a bunch
would sing
Omigod you guys!) Th
en we try and
outline the things that
happen in
the song. Only then do
we start
writing lyrics and music
.
What makes Elle Woods

special?
HH: Everything! She is
so fantastic
and I adore her... the mo
st positive
person I know and alwa
ys sees the
be st in ot he rs an d he
rs el f. I am a
better person for havin
g worked with
Elle Woods so closely,
and I feel very
connected to her.
41
she wants
NB: Elle goes after what
ing other
WITHOUT hurting or us
meone smart,
people. Its rare to find so
o still thinks
pretty and ambitious wh
re than about
about other people mo
ge people by
herself. She doesnt jud
oves that you
first impressions. She pr
being nice and
can succeed while still
is an idealist.
generous to people. Elle
e sisterhood,
She believes in things lik ist might
real
friendship and love. A
be weaknesses
consider those things to
ck, but they
-things that hold you ba
creates a
drive Elle forward. Elle
ulette, Emmett
network of friends (like Pa
e helps and
and Brooke) whom sh
t where she
who, in turn, help her ge
wants to be.
with a smile
HH: I hope people leave
in their step!
in their heart and hope
little bit more
I hope they want to be a
like Elle Woods...
s you real?
EXERCISE: What make
ters in the
Many of the charac
g
play have a happy endin
o they are,
because they accept wh
are funny
sometimes in ways that
or even surprising.
of people
Ask students to think
are
whom they admire who
nd a way
fou
successful and have
kes them
to keep hold of what ma
or
real. What challenges
dents
obstacles has each stu
how did s/he
person had to face and
ies?
overcome those difficult
est
What has been the bigg
story?
challenge in telling this
ine that they
Ask students to imag
ge is
en
all
ch
st
ge
big
e
th
s organizing
,
NB: For me
are marketing executive
ty,
et
pr
a
es
Sh
.
og
rd
y can
de
making Elle an un
Real campaign and the
e
B
a
e
th
s
ho
w
de
nt to
sm ar t, ric h, th in , bl on
bring in any stars they wa ce
y.
rit
ro
so
ive
us
cl
ex
rvi
an
se
president of
create a series of public
r,
he
of
s
lou
jea
be
to
My first reaction is
cements. Ask students to
un
no
an
lly
fu
pe
ho
t
Bu
ir favorite
not to listen to her story.
write a script of what the
ite
sp
in
e
us
ca
be
er
ov
le
ows, ask
she wins peop
rson might say. If time all
pe
es
sh
r,
he
r
fo
ing
of all that she has go
to perform their scripts for
nts
de
stu
.
by
ob
sn
or
d
not catty, or conceite
each other.
on. She wants
rs
pe
e
Shes a really nic
range of
to be your friend.
Remind students of the
e in their
people they might featur
ay
aw
ke
ta
le
op
pe
thors,
What do you hope
PSAs: actors, athletes, au
onde?
Bl
lly
ga
Le
at
e
nc
castersrie
pe
ws
ex
from their
educators, musicians, ne
is
t
ar
sm
g
in
.
NB: The feeling that be
the list goes on and on
us
eo
rg
go
ing
be
as
just as important
that everyone
it is
and well-dressed, and
e form of a PSA is that
Th

t
gh
mi
u
le yo
d sweet. Students can
an
rt
in the world (even peop
ho
s
use theyre
in on one
dismiss on sight beca
use the exercise to home
to
ing
th
nt
me
so
that is especially importa
different from you) has
ue
iss
u.
yo
teach
ter.
offer, and something to
to them and their charac
42
FROM THE SCRIPT

ELLE

JUST LAUGH IT OFF, LIK
- LORD KNOWS THEYV
SHOULDNT SURPRISE
E IVE ALWAYS DONE.
E ALL LAUGHED AT ME
ME MUCH ANYMORE
SHOULDNT STILL HURT
BEFORE.
BUT IT DOES.
EXERCISE: Status
Legally Blonde displays
how our status is informe
d by how we feel about
ourselves and how it is co
nferred upon us by other
s through how they perc
and treat us. At UCLA Ell
eive
es status is high, living in
a supportive community
women who treat her wo
of
nderfully. It takes a knoc
k when WARNER rejects
but she overcomes this.
her,
At Harvard, though, her
sta
tus sinks low and she
work hard to raise herse
has to
lf up amongst her peers
and to build her own se
esteem. Her relationships
lfwith EMMET and PAULET
TE (as well as her SORO
GREEK CHORUS) are im
RITY
portant in helping her do
this.
1. Ask half the group to
observe quietly as the
audience. The other ha
group is the first round
lf of the
of players.
2. Each player receive
s a playing card that s/h
e cannot look at, but ho
to her/his forehead facin
lds up
g out. From the highest
an Ace to the lowe
on the totem pole a Tw
st
o the cards create a hie
rarchy among the stude
nts.
3. Give the players a settin
g, such as a supermarke
t or a school dance. Ask
to interact with each ot
players
her in such a way that th
ey can try to figure out
card they are holding, an
what
d they also want to give
the other players subtle
hints as to what cards
they have.
4. After a few minutes,
pause the game and as
k the pla
themselves from lowes
t to highest (point out wh yers to try to arrange
ere you want the person
who is 2 to stand, wher
e the Ace should stand).
Th
ey can only use the clu
they have been given an
es
d th
standing out of order. On ey cant fix other players if they see they ar
e
ce an order has been de
termined, ask the playe
to put their cards out of
rs
sight for a moment.
5. Ask them how it felt to
play the activity, what clu
es they received from the
other players, how did the
y feel about being watch
ed? Ask the audience ab
some of the behavior tha
out
t they observed. Was the
re anything going on tha
maybe the players were
t
nt aware of? Ask the pla
yers to take out their card
and see what they had.
s
How close did they get to
achieving the right orde
Where there any discrep
r?
ancies and why? Again,
ask the audience for inp
ut.
43
Elle on Stage: Dressing Her Up
FROM THE SCRIPT
THROUGH.
LY BEGUN, IM HARDLY
RE
BA
E
IV
,
OK
LO
ELLE
RANT BLISS,
I WAS LIVING IN IGNO

to hair) THIS.
MORE THAN (gesturing
BE
D
UL
CO
I
D
NE
AR
LE
TIL I
H TO LEARN;
THERES STILL SO MUC

EARN.
SO MANY DREAMS TO

D BURN
BUT EVEN IF I CRASH AN

TEN TIMES A DAY,

AY.
I THINK IM HERE TO ST

WAY.
IM GOING TO FIND MY

Interview with
Costume Designer
Gregg Barnes
How did you become
a
costume designer?
I was a late bloomer
in many ways.
Im from San Diego, an
d I was going
to teach high school, an
d my major in
college was dramatic lite
rature. I took
some technical classe
s towards my
requirements and found
I had a strong
connection to design an
d history and
clothing. A gentleman na
med Robert
Morgan [costume desig
ner] came to
talk to the Masters stude
nts, and my
teacher encouraged
me and said I
should go and talk to hi
m. Well, that
conversation with him
changed the
course of my life. I went
to NYU (New
York University) and go
t my Masters
in costume design.
After I graduated, I taug
ht at NYU for
twenty years. I just rece
ntly left. It was
really through teaching
that I realized
how to question both my
self and the
students: What is yo
ur philosophy
and how do you create
a character
through clothing? I th
ink I learned
m or e fro m m y st ud en
ts th an th ey
learned from me! (Laug
hs) I learned
a lot from having to co
mmunicate
that daily. It was a grea
t platform to
learn your public person
a.
What does costume de

sign add to
a show? How do you vie
w your role
as a costume designer?
To be a costume designe
r the most
important thing is to be a
good listener...
to listen to the people
who you
collaborate with. A clo
thing designer
may be viewed as an au
teur, but were
kind of anonymous, beca
use our job is
to tell a story. I try to be
a good listener.
Sometimes you develop
all these ideas,
but they havent cast the
actor. You could
be thinking of an actre
ss who is five
feet, ten inches, and th
en they cast a
four foot eleven inches ch
aracter actor.
So you have to be flexible,
as sometimes
you have to change for
the actor, you
have to be fluid. You ca
nt be too set
on your ideas. I always
tell the actors,
dont fall in love with the
skirt
be trousers tomorrow (la , it could
ughs). I feel
like my job in this case
[with Legally
Blonde], is to be a little qu
iet. You want
I w as al so do in g re gi
on al th ea te r
and opera. I was the re
sident costume
designer at Paper Mill
Playhouse
[in New Jersey], and
there I met
Jerry Mitchell [the direc
tor of Legally
44
Blonde]... Through his kin

dness and
support, I did several sh
ows with him,
including Dirty Rotten
Scoundrels
on Broadway. This is
my fifth
Broadway show.
45
s
sly you do, and it show
iou
sc
on
bc
su
y
od
yb
but ever
ing true
to bring a signature to it,
w the character is stay
ho
e
th
,
ist
ic
lyr
e
the bookwriter, th
to herself.
, the
composer, the director
her designers
played
choreographer, the ot
tor Christian Borle, who
ac
e
Th
rts
pa
the
all
],
d
of Emmet [on Broadway
all the collaborators an
ter
ac
ar
ch
the
sh
me
ate
intric
al bodyline,
should be equal. Its like an
nted to obscure his natur
wa
.
ing
th
st
mo
re
fo
e
th
a] makeover
so that the story is
so [when Elle gives him
ristian didnt
people think wow! Ch
s,
ow
sh
s
cu
cir
did
unkempt
I
In my past work,
nt to look too sloppy or
wa
d
an
ow
sh
urse
as
so we played over the co
the Radio City Christm
t,
tha
e
for
be
es
tim
e some
a lot of input
ice shows, shows wher
of many fittings, with
e.
tiv
rra
na
no
d
an
instincts.
theres no dialogue
him. He has such good
m
fro
a
did
I
s!
at
fe
Its just these amazing
and its very
,
rk
wo
we look
of
lot of that kind
ally, we said, why dont
Fin
.
de
on
Bl
m
lly
different from Lega
rnet, and get a shirt fro
te
In
e
th
on
en
wh
ow
u kn
here Emmets
With theater shows, yo
the Roxbury School [w
ow
kn
u
yo
en
wh
s
at
put it
th
you get it right
ter is from], and well
ac
ar
ch
I
h,
O
y,
sa
le
et. So Emmet wears a
its just a skirt, and peop
ck
ja
a
r
de
un
w
ho
me
en so
xbury logo,
loved her costume. Th
chnical t-shirt, with a Ro
te
al
fin
e
Th
.
es
th
ught
clo
its more than just
specific thing that we so
ry
ve
a
e
nc
die
au
e
th
t is still connected
ingredient is that when
as out to show that Emme
ide
d
an
e
nc
rie
pe
Also he
ex
n
brings their ow
mother and his home.
his
to
t
ec
nn
co
ey
th
en
use
to the table too, so wh
Star Trek watch, beca
a
rs
ea
w
s.
the
clo
t
jus
n
. All of those
to it it becomes more tha
Emmet is a little nerdy
ght out.
s are very carefully thou
ing
th
n
sig
de
me
How do you think costu
sponse?
lly Blonde
creates an emotional re
n Francisco [where Lega
Sa
In
of the
How does it convey
its performances], some
n
ga
be
rs would come
emotional information?
young girls and teenage
e
re
th
s
ha
thrilling!
Elle
sed as Elle, which was
es
Well, for example in Act II,
dr
ge
sta
with
shes on
as one girl who came
w
e
er
different scenes where
Th
our inner
e ha d to ha ve
nny ears! It appeals to
th e w ho le tim e, so w
bu
in
al
ve
at re
up.
three different looks th
child, the idea of dressm
fro
ns
itio
ns
tra
e
different ways as sh
u do for
al so as sh e
sort of research did yo
t
sc en e to sc en e, an d
ha
W
g
in
ar
d by we
Blonde?
transitions into Harvar
]. So the Legally
lor
co
re
tu
na
sig
er
[h
ovie one
k
less pin
ve Well, weve seen the m
ha
o
als
we
t
Bu
y.
btl
su
s
had not
outfit change
sand times! (Laughs) I
.
ou
es
th
th
clo
d
ar
rv
Ha
e
re
th
a pink slip under
vie, the first movie, befo
mo
e
th
en
se
le,
bt
su
re
ey
t the movie
Little things like that, th
s project. What I love abou
t
thi
n
es
do
ce
en
di
au
e
rks on.
and maybe th
many different levels it wo
w
ho
at
is
th
k
in
th
I
t
Bu
.
notice it right away
46
You know the story with

in the first
fish out of water. Then the
few minutes, but whats
res Paulettes
interesting is world
in the hair salon, which
HOW they tell it. The sto
is a
ry itself is very differen
t suburban group... middle
inspiring. You know wh
class,
at I love about young
and sexy. We wanted a ro
[the character of] Elle,
ck
is that shes a
star
look [for them] so we us
woman who has it all, bu
ed
all
de
nim,
t shes so kind. every
denim idea you can im
You never see her play
ag
in
e!
that card.
Then theres the Delta Nu
Shes a real humanitarian
s, too, [as the
; very aware Greek
Chorus]. Our story is
of all the people around
about
her. Im not a st ud en
ts , an d El le s a fa sh io
designer whos done a
n
lot of modern
m er ch an di sin g student,
dress, fantasy or hist
so she
orical based.
knows a lot.
We spent a lot of time in
pre-production.
My assistant Skye and
I photographed Th
ere are a lot of challe
people here in New Yo
nges fo
rk City, on the costu
me designer specific to the r a
Upper East Side. We
had friend in
genre
of musicals. You have to bu
Los Angeles who photogr
ild [costumes]
aphed people that
are really strong. There
at the Beverley Center
are a lot
and on Rodeo
of quick changes. A lot of
Drive, and we had frien
fashion today
ds in Boston is fra
gile and disposable; slip
at Harvard, taking phot
dresses,
os of what the t-s
hirts, especially when yo
kids were wearing. We loo
ur
e young.
ked at Vogue
Its funny, when you go
and those high-end maga
from a drawing
zines. We ran to a
3-D, its not always a ho
the gamut. We would sh
me run.
ow things to
There is one dress in th
Jerry [Mitchell, the direc
e
sh
ow, where
tor]; we went Elle
was picking up her dog,
through a million ideas. Th
and then
e design was shes
sitting on a rough textu
a mix-master of a lot of dif
re
ferent sources. late
a little
r in the scene, and th
e dress
kept snagging.
My favorite picture is fro
m up on 5th
Avenue, a beautiful blo
nde from the
Sometimes you have to
back, crossing the stree
see how the
t. A beautiful
choreography works, ho
lace summer dress. W
w
the design
e based Elles wo
rks, and design a costu
first dress on it. I told
me that will
my assistant,
I wished we had a pictu
re of her from
the front, and he said, sh
e was about
seventy years old. So
it can come
from anywhere.
Legally Blonde has th
ree different
visual stories. First th
ere is the
Los Angeles story, which
I call it the
Easter Bunny popped
by look; the
Harvard, a brown world
in which we
us ed ev er y sh ad e of
br ow n, gr ey,
ochres, greens, so sh
e looks like a
47
is your own
is in cool pinks. What
show?
favorite costume in the
want to say
Theres a dress I dont
pt that its a
too much about it, exce
s
the dress that she wear
its
ck
tri
d
ha
d then we
r. My friend
We drew it, painted it an
when Warner dumps he
ns
sig
de
ir
the
nd e
it bid [the designers tak
ye ar s, Je ff Be nd er, ha
26
r
fo
w
ho
ss
se
to as
very simple
to all the costume shops
painted the dress. Its a
u
Yo
].
de
ma
ted. I love
be
much it will take to
p dress, but its hand-pain
sli
st.
co
to
ing
and
go
it has in telling the story,
determine how much its
le
ro
e
th
of
lf
ha
,
made
s roles in it,
For this show, half of it is
all the different people
w
Ne
er
ov
all
.
nt
it is purchased. We we
, Jerrys, and Laura Bells
ffs
Je
C,
NY
in
es
York City, couture boutiqu
Woodbury
n,
ma
od
e outfit?
Saks, Bergdorf Go
hat is your own favorit
W
er.
eth
tog
s
sed up!
Commons, mixing thing
ork too hard to be dres
d. If
w
se
I
ha
rc
pu
its
,
rn
de
mo
its not
Usually if its
I have a uniform and
ey get that,
Th
.
de
ma
its
l,
ica
tor
ar sneakers,
his
its
impressive (laughs). I we
n.
ow
ur
yo
ke
cked. I won
but you ma
jeans and a shirt un-tu
a
t year, and I had to wear
las
ny
To
a
ur
yo
r
fo
u
rd! I spend
What else inspired yo
xedo and that was so ha
tu
?
de
on
Bl
lly
, and
ga
designs in Le
dressing other people up
life
my
s
at
th
).
u
yo
mess in the room (laughs
st
ge
When the actor inspires
big
the
Im
g
tress playin
urs are long,
the best way. Orfeh, the ac
ery job is difficult. The ho
Ev
er
ck
ro
a
s
l the
wa
days a week, I love al
7
Paulette [on Broadway],
k
or
w
I
e
sh
at
d her wh
with people.
in the 1980s so I aske
interacting I get to do
r
he
by
e
m
d
ire
oes, I make
wore then. She insp
nt wear uncomfortable sh
do
I
t
bu
,
er
nd
te
ry
le wear those. (laughs)
op
audition outfit. Shes ve
pe
r
he
ot
ll,
ro
d
rock an
with a rough edge, very
bought a pair
e
e Outside In
but in a playful way. W
kers, Looking from th
ea
sn
el
he
hhig
rm
her
tfo
of vintage pla
Blonde Elle Woods and
lly
g
ga
in
Le
th
In
st
fir
r,
he
r
fo
dress and
florescent green
em to sorority sisters at college
th
ed
ow
sh
we
n
he
W
le that is
we found!
their hair in a certain sty
en
ar
wh
we
m
fro
d,
an
br
e
th
n,
Orfeh, she knew
nt to them. Costume desig
rta
po
im
ke
ry
ma
ve
nt
did
ey
Th
ral element
they were popular!
we have seen, is an integ
seen
as
d
ha
I
.
ed
pir
ins
ey
th
t
de .
the cut, bu
a of th e m us ic al Le ga lly Bl on
in
e)
Ell
ys
pla
ho
(w
r
y
Laura Bell Bund
r Elle expresses both he
te
ac
ar
ar
ch
ye
e
st
Th
la
ow
sh
r clothing
full workshop of the
ons and personality in he
to
oti
ul
em
ef
us
its
d
an
r,
he
d
and watche
th celebrated
n. Elle wears choices, and is bo
rso
pe
the
its
su
at
wh
ow
ith in her
kn
and derided for her fa
its her
as
t,
ac
st
fir
e
th
in
k
a lot of pin
own appearance.
Laura Bell
signature color, and so
arsal to get
es for
wore a lot of pink to rehe
n designing the costum
he
W
r.
te
into charac
Barnes spent
Legally Blonde, Gregg
osely at the
ade of a lot of time looking cl
sh
at
wh
e
se
uld
co
I
,
dress in
From that
rent ways that people
ow
ffe
sh
e
di
th
So
r.
he
on
od
pink looked go
We are always
fit all of [those elements].
gs up until
adjusting a lot of thin
the opening.
48
different cities and conte

xts in America.
As au di en ce s, as in lif
e, w e ar e
incredibly sensitive to th
e way people
look and as a result, ge
tting the right
costume for characters
at a specific
point is an important part
of storytelling.
In our lives how we dr
ess is often
controlled by the culture
s in which we
grow up and work. So ho
w does fashion
ch an ge an d ho w is it
af fe ct ed by
historical events and cu
ltural contexts?
The following set of exer
cises explore
fashion, clothing and ap
pearance and
its impact on who we ar
e from a
number of different sta
ndpoints.
EXERCISE 1: Changing
Fashions/
Fashioning Change
Warm-Up
Write the below three
quotes from
Legally Blonde on the
board or
large posters. Ask stude
nts to write
for two minute on PostIt notes their
responses to the three qu
otes. In pairs,
ask students to share th
eir responses,
and then share out. Stud
ents may also
post their quotes on the
boards to aid
the next activity.
Dye hair brunette to be
serious.
Casual Friday is no
t in Callahans
vocabulary and you ha
ve to dress the
part if you want to get ah
ead.
[Emmett tries on new clo
thing:]
Think of the guy you wa
nt to be.
Main Activity: Buzz Grou

ps
In this exercise, student
s will explore
both extemporary spea
king a skill
that Elle develops and us
es throughout
Legally Blonde and
the themes
explored in the warm-u
p theatrically.
1. Break the students
into discussion
groups of 3 or 4. Ask th
em to
number off 1, 2, 3, 4. 1 wi
ll speak
first, then 2, etc.
2. Introduce and model
the discussion:
As I ask questions I
would like
you to share your thou
ghts with
your group. 1 will spea
k first.
Please allow each pers
on to speak
- without interruption - un
til I clap my
hands (or use another so
und device).
Then 2 will have his/her
chance to
speak, etc. (On the second
question
2 will begin first, etc.).
What fashion style wa

s appropriate
for your parents when
they
were young? What did
they wear
to school, to important oc
cassions,
during their free time?
What are the most po
pular clothing
styles for young people
toda
What happens if someon y?
e wants
to go against this style?
How are
they treated? Why migh
t a person
choose a different fash
ion style?
What influences how
styles change
and adapt?
Discuss a fashion st
yle in history
(anything not current) th
at appeals
to you or that you ques
tion.
How do male fashion
styles differ
from females?
49
cussions.
Sharing
ct on their small group dis
fle
re
to
ain
ag
cle
cir
a
o
Ask students to gather int
Discussion questions:
king?
actice extemporary spea
pr
to
el
fe
it
did
w
Ho
How did that feel?
ps?
me up in your small grou
ca
s
rie
ve
co
dis
or
ts
gh
What new thou
es of opinion.
if you had any differenc
us
th
wi
e
ar
sh
se
ea
Pl

d dress?
thoughts on fashion an
What are your overall
styles?
orm to certain fashion
nf
co
t
no
or
m
or
nf
co
Why do we
is appropriate
s so often differ on what
ult
ad
d
an
le
op
pe
g
un
Why do yo
style and dress?
Exercise 2: Uniform?
and other rules
Introduction
uniform or dress code,
ol
ho
sc
a
ve
ha
nd
gla
Children,
Most schools in En
from the Department of
ar
ye
t
las
of
d
en
the
at
rm,
e
on appearance. Guidanc
in the UK to have a unifo
ols
ho
sc
e
ag
ur
co
en
ongly
ethos of a
Schools and Families str
s, it contributes to the
fit
ne
be
r
he
ot
ny
ma
t
stating that amongs
lps to set the tone.
particular school and he
n she
mes an issue for her. Ca
co
be
s
ar
we
e
Ell
t
tha
ng
s
thi
as attorney Elle debate
In Legally Blonde, the clo
st
Ju
e?
nd
blo
a
ing
be
k, and
topic of
succeed by wearing pin
day we will explore the
to
,
om
tro
ur
co
d
an
om
issues in her classro
school uniforms.
the
Warm-Up: Scene Study
t to the students. Divide
rip
sc
e
th
m
fro
e
en
sc
below
sign each pair or group
as
Pass out copies of the
d
an
y,
all
or
ch
ad
re
groups to
class into pairs, or two
a character.
50
Read the scene aloud.

ELLE If its
impressing Callahan yo
u want, I can help. Ther
more than one way to do
es
that, too.
EMMETT Ok. Ho
w?
ELLE silence
s that thought, placing a
hand over EMMETTs mo
ELLE You ca
uth.
n start by tucking in yo
ur
sh
irt
.
EMMETT Wha
t?
ELLE You loo
k law school, not law fir
m, Emmett. Casual Frida
not in Callahans vocabu
y is
lary, and you have to dr
ess the part
if you want to get ahea
d.
EMMETT Ah. So
... shirt tucked in, problem
solved. And maybe with
some teeth bleaching, Id
win the case. Or... Get a
lunchtime
facial and be made partn
er!
ELLE Okay
, youre right, youre rig
ht. The ratty corduroy IS
working for you.
totally
EMMETT Elle,
didnt your mother ever
teach you about not jud
book by its cover?
ging a
ELLE She did
. But this isnt a perfect
world: books with tatte
covers stay on the shelf
red
.
(beat)
Think people havent jud
ged me my whole life?
Think it
wasnt a good idea to ma
ke navy my new pink?
EMMETT No, th
at was a good idea.
ELLE I know
.
Discussion questions po
st-scene:
How does Elle persua

de
Do you agree with Ell
es
Emmett?
choices? Why or why no
t?
How does clothing ide
ntify the person? When
do people dress to fit in?
When not?
51
Exercise 3 - Stereotypes
e Writing
Main Activity: Persuasiv
t the following:
On a large chart presen
FROM THE SCRIPT

SALESWOMAN (evil)
School Uniforms
Pros Cons
circle, each
students go around the
ve
Ha
.
cle
cir
a
o
int
er
arts
Ask students to gath
teacher or volunteer ch
e
th
as
s,
rm
ifo
un
ol
ho
sc
stating a pro or con to
their comments.
nd the circle.
Number off 1, 2, 1, 2 arou
an informal debate, 2s
1s write a Pro piece for
will write a Con piece.
e, hold an
Sharing
propriate and there is tim
ap
If
s.
ce
pie
eir
th
e
le
ar
enting their pieces in-ro
Ask for volunteers to sh
es
pr
s
nt
de
stu
th
wi
om
ssro
informal debate in the cla
kers.
ea
sp
r
as attorneys or othe
52
Oh, blondes make comm

ission SO much fun.
(The SALESWOMAN sw
oops down on ELLE, ca
rrying a dress.)
SALESWOMAN (cont.)
Excuse me, have you
seen this? It just came
in;
its perfect for a blonde.
ELLE
Right, with a half-loop sti
tch on china silk?
SALESWOMAN
Uh huh.
ELLE
But the thing is, you ca
nt us
china silk. Itll pucker. An e a half-loop stitch on
d you didnt just get this
in
because I saw it in last
months Vogue.
DELTA NUS (Sotto Voce
, delighted) OH MY GO
D. OMIGOD YOU GUYS
.
ELLE:
I am not about to buy las
t years dress at this year
s price.
DELTA NUS
ELLE SAW RIGHT THRO
UGH THAT SALES GIRLS
ELLE
LIES.
It may not be perfect for
a blonde, but Im not THAT
blonde.
Legally Blonde has ma
ny characters who have
pre-conceived notions
each other, and much of
about
the comedy of the show
builds on the audiences
expectation of where ea
own
ch character may be co
ming from. Ask student
work in three smaller gr
s to
oups for brainstorming
and discussion and to re
their responses using ma
cord
rkers and large chart pa
per.
Each group will select a
piece of paper at random
. On each of the three pie
paper is written one of the
ces of
three pairings listed below
, though the pages are fa
ce UCLA & Harvard
Blonde & Brunette
Someone who is a S
ellout & Someone Rep
resenting
The topics remain a se
cret to the other groups
until the end of the exer
Each group is asked to
cise.
discuss and list the attri
butes and characteris
tics of
each item in the pairing.
Responses may be entire
ly subjective and impres
students are being aske
sionistic;
d for associations and
not necessarily concre
Once all three groups ha
te facts.
ve reached a natural br
eaking place, ask the gr
to announce their topic
oups
s and to post their resp
onses. Ask the groups
quietly to see each posti
to travel
ng and to reserve comm
ents until the end. Ask stu
if they have any questio
dents
ns about what they see
posted and seek clarifi
Do they agree or disagre
cation.
e with any of the points
made by other groups?
Is there
53
Legally Blonde: Further Resources
ts
anyone think that the lis
es
Do
ts?
lis
e
th
of
y
an
ey add
ired with
anything they would th
different if it werent pa
en
be
ve
ha
t
gh
mi
m
ral
ite
under each individual
the larger group the gene
th
wi
y
iefl
br
e
ar
sh
to
p
grou
ey may have
another item? Ask each
and any challenges th
n
tio
sa
er
nv
co
p
ou
gr
tenor of the small
faced as a group.
ch group to
a few moments with ea
d
en
sp
s,
ion
ss
cu
dis
p
and a
During the small grou
lp students stay on task
he
ll
wi
ce
en
es
pr
ur
yo
ten
more clearly.
monitor their progress. Of
them focus their thoughts
lp
he
y
ma
u
yo
m
fro
ns
ll as any
few guiding questio
have in common as we
y
ma
ng
iri
pa
ch
ea
at
to
the exercise is meant
Ask them to consider wh
at
th
ss
re
st
to
nt
rta
po
is im
ask students
obvious differences. It
inions within each group,
op
of
e
ng
ra
a
e
ar
re
ention.
the
record responses. If
cuss any cause for cont
dis
to
ed
ar
ep
pr
be
to
e
d
Remind students that th
to record all of them an
d.
te
no
be
ld
ou
sh
s
su
consen
ould not
Similarly, any points of
conversation. Groups sh
d
an
t
gh
ou
th
e
ok
ov
te
pr
exercise is meant to
may be asked to illumina
ey
th
t
bu
ts,
lis
eir
th
nd
fe
feel that they need to de
s.
es
their thought proc
own self be true. And it
ine
th
o
T
e:
ot
wr
ce
on
espeare
I believe
Vivienne: William Shak
t then be false to any man.
no
t
ns
ca
ou
Th
y.
da
the
ht
must follow as the night,
blonde woman. She taug
A
n.
ma
wo
a
to
es
pli
st ap
out of style.
this wise statement be
e to yourself never goes
tru
ing
be
at
th
,
all
us
ds!
me, and showed
valedictorian, Elle Woo
ur
yo
,
en
lem
nt
ge
d
an
Ladies
Appearances
important
EXERCISE 4 : Judging on
ly members about how
mi
fa
or
d/
an
ds
en
fri
th
ve to
Have a conversation wi
y does an individual ha
ilit
sib
on
sp
re
ch
mu
w
. Ho
ll an instance
appearances are to them
ance? Can they can reca
ar
pe
ap
r
/he
his
e
eiv
rc
pe
vered that
control how others
tively, when they disco
ga
ne
or
ly
ive
sit
po
r
,
ed
y expected their behavio
when they were surpris
the
at
wh
tch
ma
t
no
did
arance
nt? After the
someones physical appe
w was the reality differe
ho
d
an
ed
ct
pe
ex
were
ey
th
to be like. What had
st important points that
mo
e
th
of
y
ar
mm
su
ief
a br
conversation, write up
s said.
wa
at
discussed and wh
54
EXERCISE 5: Creating Co
stume Designs
This exercise explores
elements of costume de
sign. Through creating
costume designs stude
their own
nts will explore how clo
thing characterizes an ind
ividual.
Warm-Up: Character W
alk
1. When actors create
their characters, they of
ten analyze and create
physicality based on th
their
eir characters clothes
and posture. Ask stude
the following questions
nts
:
How do people show th
eir character/personality
How does how they feel
in what they wear?
about their clothing affe
ct their physicality?
2. Clear a large space

in the room for your cla
ss to comfortably walk
Ask students to stand,
around in.
and walk around the
room according to the
following prompts. Be
tween each prompt, as
k students to freeze an
observe their own and
d
others choices. Encour
ag
e students to transform
their posture and gestu
res using their imagina
tion and whole body.
Walk like a pers
on who is wearing their
favorite outfit.
Walk like a pers
on who is not comforta
ble in their outfit.
Walk like a pers
on on their way to an int
erview.
Walk like how yo
u imagine yourself in th
e future.
Walk like you ha
ve on your dream outfit.
Walk like you ar
e in your favourite fanc
y dress costume.
After the activity discu
ss with students about
their experience of the
exercise.
What choices an
d discoveries did you ma
ke?
How do you think
clothes make, or dont
make, the person?
How do clothes (an
d how we feel about them)
change our physicality? W
hy?
55
Design
largeMain Activity: Costume
the musical in either a
m
fro
es
ot
qu
o
tw
e
th
s
dent
1. Discuss with the stu
small groups.
or
,
group discussion in
gs:
Elles friend Margot sin
S!
EAT TASTE IN CLOTHE
GR
CH
SU
T
GO
TH
BO
CAUSE YOUVE
OPOSE!!!
OF COURSE HE WILL PR
robe:
lps him update his ward
after she he
Later, Elle tells Emmett,
THE OUTSIDE IS NEW
U,
WHATS ALREADY IN YO
BUT NOW IT REFLECTS
AT IF I WANTED TO.
COULDNT CHANGE TH
eir thoughts.
e th
Ask students to shar
sign
t elements of costume de
en
fer
dif
the
at
wh
rm
sto
to brain
s, plot point/
2. In pairs, ask students
ee (fabric choices, color
thr
st
lea
at
fy
nti
ide
ld
cess
ou
are each pair sh
the board. (if you have ac
on
ria
ite
cr
se
the
rite
W
ual prompts).
event, mood, theme, etc.).
se might be useful as vis
the
n
sig
de
me
stu
co
of
to any pictures
drawing
rs themselves, through
ne
sig
de
me
stu
co
as
t
ac
ompts:
3. Now ask students to
ts with the following pr
tfi
ou
e
re
th
n
ow
eir
th
or sketching
ortable for you now.
1) An outfit that is comf
ture.
u see yourself in the fu
m of... or how yo
2) An outfit that you drea
opriate for
3) An outfit that is appr
a job interview.
n
h (or all three,
Sharing and Discussio
ch students favorite sketc
ea
ng
ha
t,
en
nm
sig
the
as
After completing the
gallery format around
a
in
)
ss
cla
al
du
ivi
ind
d
an
others work.
depending on the space
y walk to observe each
er
all
g
a
on
nts
de
stu
classroom. Guide
tice?
t similarities did you no
ha
W
lk:
wa
ry
le
al
-g
r
st
po
mmunicate through ou
Discussion questions
co
we
do
t
ha
W
?
es
nc
differe
se a style
Where there any/many
oices? If someone choo
ch
ing
th
clo
r
ou
h
ug
ro
nformity
choice of color? Th
w is that viewed? Is co
ho
,
rm
no
e
th
t
no
,
on
that is not the most comm Is non-conformity important?
not?
important? Why or why
56
LEGALLY BLONDE
Further Resources
Johnson, Donald Clay

and Helen
Br ad le y Fo st er. Dr es s
Se ns e:
Emotional and Sensory
Experiences
of the Body and Clothe
s.
Berg Publishers, 2007.
Films:
Legally Blonde, direct
ed by Robert
Luketic, starring Reese
Witherspoon.
Released by MGM, 2001
.
Lawrence, Jerome and

Lee, Robert E.
Inherit the Wind. Mass
Market, 2005
Lucia, Cynthia. Framing Fe
male Lawyers:
Women on Trial in Film.
University of
Texas Press, 2005
Legally Blonde II: Red,

White and
Blonde, directed by Ch
arles HermanWurmfeld, starring Reese
Witherspoon.
Released by MGM, 2003
.
Valley Girl, directed by
Martha
Coolidge, starring Nich
olas Cage and
Deborah Foreman. Re
leased by
MGM, 1983.
Lynch, Annette and Mitc

hell Strauss.
Changing Fashion: A Critic
al Introduction
to Trend Analysis and Cu
ltural
Meaning. Berg Publish
ers, 2007.
Unzipped, directed by Do
uglas Keene,
starring Isaac Mizrahi.
Released by
Miramax, 1995.
Miller, Arthur. The Cruc

ible. Penguin
Modern Classics 2000
Books and Plays:

Editors of Phaidon Pres
s.
The Fashion Book. Phaid
on Press,
1998.
Adler, Sue. Baroness Pa

tricia
QC: Peer, Barrister, Junio Scotland
r Minister
(Black Profiles). Tamarin
d Books 2001
Brown, Amanda. Legally
Blonde.
Time Warner Paperbac
ks, 2003.
Brown, Amanda. Elle W
oods: Blonde
Love (Legally Elle Woods).
Hyperion, 2007.
Brown, Amanda. Elle W
oods: Vote
Blonde. Hyperion, 2006
.
Gregory, Mollie. Women
Who Run
the Show: How a Brillian
t and
Creative New Generatio
n of Women
Stormed Hollywood. St
. Martins
Griffin, 2003.
Mossman, Mary Jane.

The First
Women Lawyers: A Co
mparative
Study of Gender, Law An
d the Legal
Professions. Hart Pub,
2006.
Normanton, Helena. Ev
eryday Law
for Women. Nicholson
and
Watson,1932
Philips, James. The Ru
benstein Kiss,
Methuen Modern Plays,
2006
Russell, Willy. Educating
Rita:
A Comedy. A&C Black,
2001.
Watson, Linda. 20th Ce
ntury Fashion:
100 Years of Style by De
cade and
Designer, in Associatio
n with Vogue.
Firefly Books, 2004.
Wollstonecraft, Mary. A
Vindication
of the Rights of Women
.
Penguin Classics 2004
57
Music:
ical Original
Legally Blonde: The Mus
Cast Recording, 2007
Solicitors:
Association of Women
rg.uk/
www.womensolicitors.o
society.org.uk
Law Society: www.law
l Motion
Legally Blonde: Origina
M, 2001
Picture Soundtrack, A&
w.
The Womens Library: ww
slibrary/
en
om
londonmet.ac.uk/thew
Websites:
for
The official UK website
ical
us
M
Legally Blonde: The
usical.co.uk
www.legallyblondethem
Harvard Law School

www.law.harvard.edu
Legally
The official website for
Broadway
Blonde: The Musical on
usical.com
www.legallyblondethem
the- scenes
For a wonderful behindk out
look at the show, chec
:
The Road to Broadway
n/general.
www.broadway.com/ge
aspx?ci=540070
Kids for Tigers:

www.kidsfortigers.org
de Interview
Fashion of Legally Blon
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with film costume desig
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Legally Blonde Style an
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StageNOTES
A FIELD GUIDE FOR TE
AC
HERS
A Camp Broadway LLC
Publication
Publisher: Susan E. Lee

Associate Editors: Rhon
a Silverbush
Art Director: Joseph M
. Pisarchick
Contributors:
Judith Bendewald, Mar
iana Elder, Alexandra L
Sherri Marton, Shanno
pez
Sami Plotkin, Alexia Ve
n Morrison, Karina Naum
er
rnon
For Legally Blonde The
Musical UK:
Jerry Mitchell Director
/Choreographer
Heather Hach Book Writ
er
Laurence OKeefe Mus
ic and Lyrics
Nell Benjamin Lyrics an
d Music
David Rockwell Scenic
Designer
Gregg Barnes Costume
Designer
Kenneth Posner Lighting
Designer
Paul Miller Lighting De
signer
Acme Sound Partners
Sound Designer
Christophe Jahnke Orch
estrations
58
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A Study Guide for Teachers and Students

Legally Blonde: Introduction

Legally Blonde: Introduction

Introducing Legally Blonde: Directors Message

A Message from Dir

Introducing Legally Blonde: Synopsis

Introducing Legally Blonde: Synopsis

rms with the

Paulette to half their

Vivienne invites Elle

Back at school, the lis

Callahan is furious that

Introducing Legally Blonde: Synopsis

n arrives at court, where

Introducing Legally Blonde: Definitions

Sororities and Fraternit

Harvard Law School

Introducing Legally Blonde: Definitions

Introducing Legally Blonde: Definitions

Introducing Legally Blonde: Characters

Background: US Legal System

When the United States

The struggle over

Background: US Legal System

Background: Key Cases Timeline

ion, and mob

Did You Know?

Congress may not proh

Background: Key Cases Timeline

Background: Key Cases Timeline

helped build popular su

Photo: Sipq / Rex Features

Background: Legal Terms

Legal Terms: How

Background: Legal Terms

LSAT In the US, Law

to whether they are guil

Women in the Law: An overview

Women in the Law: An overview

Delaware was the last

In Scotland the first wo

Women in the Law: An overview

tice Ruth Bader Ginsbu

US Supreme Court Jus

Women in the Law: An overview

Photo: Rex Features

Women in the Law: An overview

Women in the Law: An overview

she not meet th

men in the law professio

From the Script

Women in the Law: Female lawyers Case Studies

Clara Shortridge Foltz

fornia Portrait Library

Photo: University of Cali

Women in the Law: Female lawyers Case Studies

vote in 1911, they want

the time, she was forced

Women in the Law: Female lawyers Case Studies

Women in the Law: Female lawyers Case Studies

Women in the Law: Female lawyers Case Studies

FROM THE SCRIPT

Women in the Law: Female lawyers Case Studies

In your pairs write a

Who was their audie

How did they shape

If they were, why? If

What fashion style wa

How does Elle persua