2.2 Number System

TOPIC 2:
COMPUTER SYSTEM
2.2 : Number System and
Representation
2.2 Number System and

Representation
2.2.1 Binary
2.2.2 Hexadecimal
2.2.3 Conversion between binary and
hexadecimal
2.2 Number System and Representation

Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this topic, students should be able
to:
(a) represent data in binary form.
(b) represent data in hexadecimal form.
(c) (i) Convert from binary to hexadecimal.
(ii) Convert from hexadecimal to binary.
Number System
Definition A way of representing numbers.
When we type some letters or words, the
computer translates them in numbers as
computers can understand only numbers.
Computer Number System

(1) Decimal Numbers
(2) Binary Numbers
(3) Hexadecimal Numbers
(1) Decimal Number System

The prefix deci- stands for 10.
The decimal number system is a Base 10
number system.
There are 10 symbols that represent quantities:
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
Each place value in a decimal number is a
power of 10.

3
10
2
10
1
10
0
10
1000
100
10

How 729 is represented in decimal numbers ?
102
101
100
7 x 100
2 x 10
9x1
700 +
20 +
729
(2) Binary Number System

The prefix bi- stands for 2.
The binary number system is a Base 2 number
system.
0, 1
Each place value in a binary number is a power
of 2.
9
(2) Binary Number System
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
64 32
16
210
29
28
27
1024
512
256
128
10
Comparison between decimal number

and binary numbers
Binary
Decima
l
9
10
1010
10
11
1011
11
100
12
1100
101
13
1101
110
14
1110
111
15
1111
Decimal
Binary
1000
1001
11
(3) Hexadecimal Number System

The prefix hexa- stands for 6 and the
prefix deci- stands for 10.

The hexadecimal number system is a Base
16 number system.
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F
Each place value in a hexadecimal number is a
power of 16.
12

We use hexadecimal numbers as shorthand for
binary numbers.
Each group of four binary digits can be
represented by a single hexadecimal digit.
13

Dec
Bin
Hex
Dec
Bin
Hex
1000
1001
10
10
1010
11
11
1011
100
12
1100
101
13
1101
110
14
1110
111
15
1111
14
CONVERSION:
(1) Decimal to binary
(2) Binary to decimal
(3) Decimal to hexadecimal
(4) Hexadecimal to decimal
(5) Binary to hexadecimal
(6) Hexadecimal to binary
15
(1) Decimal to binary

Steps:
Divide the decimal number youre trying to

convert by 2 in regular long division until you
have a final remainder.
16
(1) Decimal to binary example 1

This example converts 22 to binary
2
22
11
Read from below to top
Answer: 101102
17

2
40
20
10
1
0
Answer: 1010002
18

2
73
36
18
2
1
Answer: 10010012
19
(2) Binary to decimal

Steps:
Write the binary place value over each digit in the

binary number being converted.
Add up all of the place values that have a 1 in
them.
20
(2) Binary to decimal example 1

This example converts 11001 to decimal
16
1
16 +
1
8+
1
1
Answer 2510
21

64
32
16
1
1
1
64 + 32 + 16 +
1
8
Answer 12010
22

128
64
1
1
128 + 64 +
32 16
1
4+
1
2+
1
1
Answer 19910
23

Steps:
There are two methods to choose from:
Do a decimal-to-binary conversion and then a
binary-to-hexadecimal conversion.
Do a direct conversion using the repeated
division method.
Since this is a conversion to hexadecimal, 16
is the divisor each time.
24

Note:
Since you are dividing by 16 in the repeated
division method for decimal-to-hex conversion,
you could end up with remainders of anywhere
from 0 to 15.
If a remainder is 10 to 15, you convert it to the
single hex symbol when you add the digit to the
hex number youre building.
25
(3) Decimal to hexadecimal example 1

This example converts 18 to hexadecimal
16
18
16
Answer: 1216
26

16
63
16
15
Answer: 3F16
27

16
270
16
16
14
1
6
Answer: 10E16
28

16
672
16
42
1
6
10
Answer: 2A016
29
(4) Hexadecimal to decimal

Steps:
Multiply each digit of the hex number by its place

value and add the results.
30
(4) Hexadecimal to decimal example 1

This example converts 4C3 to decimal
256
16
4
C
3
4 x 256 12 x 16 3 x 1
1024 + 192 +
3
Answer 121910
31

This example converts 1B5D to decimal
4096
256
1
B
1 x 4096 11 x 256
4096 +
2816 +
16
5
D
5 x 16 13 x 1
80 +
13
Answer 700510
32

4096
256
16
2
2 x 4096
8192 +
0
0 x 256
0+
1
1 x 16
16 +
4
4x1
4
Answer 821210
33
(5) Binary to hexadecimal

Steps:
Starting with the LEAST SIGNIFICANT digit,
mark off the digits in groups of 4.
e.g: 101100
0010
1100
Convert each group of four digits to its

hexadecimal character.
34
(5) Binary to hexadecimal example 1

8 4 2 1
8 4 2 1
0 0 1 1
2+1
3
1 1 0 1
8+4+1
13
Answer 3D16
35

This example converts 101000101011 to
hexadecimal
8 4 2 1
8 4 2 1
8 4 2 1
1 0 1 0
8+2
10
0 0 1 0
2
2
1 0 1 1
8+2+1
11
Answer A2B16
36

This example converts 100001110000 to
hexadecimal
8 4 2 1
8 4 2 1
8 4 2 1
1 0 0 0
8
8
0 1 1 1
4+2+1
7
0 0 0 0
0
0
Answer 87016
37
(6) Hexadecimal to binary

Steps:
Converting hexadecimal numbers to binary
is just the reverse operation of converting
binary to hexadecimal.
Just convert each hexadecimal digit to its
four-bit binary pattern. The resulting set of
1s and 0s is the binary equivalent of the
hexadecimal number.
38
(6) Hexadecimal to binary example 1

8 4 2 1
8 4 2 1
9
1 0 0 1
6
0 1 1 0
Answer 100101102
39

This example converts BFF16 to binary
8 4 2 1
8 4 2 1
8 4 2 1
B (11)
1 0 1 1
F (15)
1 1 1 1
F (15)
1 1 1 1
Answer 1011111111112
40

This example converts E0416 to binary
8 4 2 1
8 4 2 1
8 4 2 1
E (14)
1 1 1 0
0
0 0 0 0
4
0 1 0 0
Answer 1110000001002
41
Number system definition

Decimal numbers concept
Binary numbers concept
Hexadecimal numbers concept
Six (6) types of conversion
Dec Bin
Bin Dec
Dec Hex
Hex Dec
Bin Hex
Hex Bin
42

2.2 Number System

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TOPIC 2:

2.2 Number System and

2.2 Number System and Representation

Computer Number System

(1) Decimal Number System

The decimal number system is a Base 10

(1) Decimal Number System

(1) Decimal Number System

(2) Binary Number System

(2) Binary Number System

Comparison between decimal number

(3) Hexadecimal Number System

prefix deci- stands for 10.

(3) Hexadecimal Number System

(3) Hexadecimal Number System

(1) Decimal to binary

Divide the decimal number youre trying to

(1) Decimal to binary example 1

Read from below to top

(1) Decimal to binary example 2

Read from below to top

(1) Decimal to binary example 3

Read from below to top

(2) Binary to decimal

Write the binary place value over each digit in the

(2) Binary to decimal example 1

(2) Binary to decimal example 2

(2) Binary to decimal example 3

(3) Decimal to hexadecimal

(3) Decimal to hexadecimal

(3) Decimal to hexadecimal example 1

Read from below to top

(3) Decimal to hexadecimal example 2

Read from below to top

(3) Decimal to hexadecimal example 3

Read from below to top

(3) Decimal to hexadecimal example 4

Read from below to top

(4) Hexadecimal to decimal

Multiply each digit of the hex number by its place

(4) Hexadecimal to decimal example 1

(4) Hexadecimal to decimal example 2

(4) Hexadecimal to decimal example 3

(5) Binary to hexadecimal

Convert each group of four digits to its

(5) Binary to hexadecimal example 1

(5) Binary to hexadecimal example 2

(5) Binary to hexadecimal example 3

(6) Hexadecimal to binary

(6) Hexadecimal to binary example 1

(6) Hexadecimal to binary example 2

(6) Hexadecimal to binary example 3

Number system definition

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