Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
ANATOMICAL PLANES
Sagittal
Horizontal
AXIAL CT SERIES
FEET
- generates sections in
HORIZONTAL PLANE
- VIEW FROM
FEET
- viewing patient in
hospital bed from his/her
feet
ANTERIOR
PATIENT'S
LEFT
PATIENT'S
RIGHT
POSTERIOR
PATIENT'S
RIGHT
PATIENT'S
LEFT
BODY
VERTEBRAL
ARCH
PEDICLE
LAMINA
TRANSVERSE
PROCESSLATERAL
Dorsal view
of skeleton
Ribs
Head
Articulates
with facet on Body
Tubercle
Articulates
with facet on
Transverse process
CT OF THORACIC VERTEBRA
SUBS
IS
T5
TRAP
RHOMB.MAJ.
CERVICAL VERTEBRA
BODY
ant.
body is small
Foramen Transversarium - in
transverse process (C1-C7) for
vertebral artery & veins
TRANSVERSE
PROCESS
post.
lat.
view
ARTICULAR FACETS
- angled superiorly &
medially
CERVICAL VERTEBRA - CT
Body - small
Foramen Transversarium
LUMBAR VERTEBRA
spinous
process
lamina
pedicle
Bodies - hefty
Pedicles - stout
Lamina - thick
Spinous Processes- broad
body
Articular processes
in sagittal plane
L5
Articular process
Articular process
6. Bodies joined by
intervertebral
discs
VERTEBRAL LIGAMENTS
View inside vertebral canal
1. ANTERIOR
LONGITUDINAL
LIGAMENT Strong band on
anterior side
2. POSTERIOR
LONGITUDINAL
LIGAMENTweaker, narrower
band
3. LIGAMENTA
FLAVA - yellow
elastic bands
connecting
laminae
SAGITTAL SECTION
4. INTERSPINOUS AND SUPRASPINOUS LIGAMENTS connect spines
INTERSPINOUS
ANT
SUPRASPINOUS
1. Joints between
articular processes synovial plane joints
permit Sliding
Movements
BODY
post
ant
SPINE
post
BODY
SPINE
LUMBAR MRI
STRUCTURE/
FUNCTION OF
INTERVERTEBRAL
DISC
a) Nucleus
pulposusinner
gelatinous
core
Shock
absorbers in
young quite
strong
trauma to
vertebra
fractures
ANTERIOR
POSTERIOR
HERNIATION
OF
NUCLEUS
PULPOSUS
POSTERIOR
LONGITUDINAL
LIGAMENT
lateral
ANTERIOR
LONGITUDINAL LIGAMENT
Typically in Postero-Lateral Direction, lateral to Posterior Longitudinal
Ligament; often L4-L5 or L5-S1; can lead to nerve compression at
intervertebral foramen
Post
Cervical
curvature
Thoracic
curvature
b. Lumbar curvature
- concave posteriorly
- develops with walking
- helps support trunk, upper body
Lumbar
curvature
Right handed
c. Lateral curvature concave to side opposite
handedness - helps to carry
R
L
bags of money
Sacral
curvature
Transverse
process
COMPACT
SPONGY
LATERAL
VIEW
IN LATERAL
VIEW SEE
TRANSVERSE
PROCESSES
ON END
Transverse
process
ATTENUATION HIGHEST
(X-RAY IS MOST WHITE)
WHEN PASS THROUGH
MOST COMPACT BONE
ANTERIOR-POSTERIOR
(AP)
X-RAY OF LUMBAR
VERTEBRAE
Pedicles look like
eyes
PEDICLE
SPINE
AP VIEW
PEDICLE
SPINE
SEE
PEDICLES AND
SPINES ALONG
THEIR LENGTH
ABNORMAL CURVATURES
KYPHOSIS hump
SCOLIOSIS
LORDOSIS
back, exaggerated
curvature; often in
thorax of elderly;
concave anteriorly
abnormal lateral
curvature (kink in
spine); can be due
to hemivertebra
exaggerated
lumbar curvature
concave
posteriorly
T11
ELDERLY PATIENT
ERECTOR SPINAE
1. Act to extend trunk
2. Located dorsal to vertebral column
3. Innervated by dorsal primary rami of
spinal nerves
SPINALIS- most medial spinous
process to spinous process
LONGISSIMUS- intermediatetransverse process to transverse
process
ILIOCOSTALIS- lateral ilium and
ribs to ribs and transverse
processes
Deep: Transversospinalis transverse
process to spinous process
IMAGING OF VERTEBRAE
IMAGES FROM CROSS-SECTIONAL ANATOMY
TUTOR PROGRAM
TRANSVERSOSPINALIS
ERECTOR SPINAE