Computer Hardware Components

Computer hardware
components
S.Kishokumar B.Sc (EUSL), PG Dip in IT (UPDN), MBCS
SYSTEM CASE
SYSTEM CASE
SYSTEM CASE
SYSTEM CASE
Full Tower
Full-tower cases are generally big with a height that is about or
more than 30 inches (more than 76 cm). The number of internal
drive bays inside these cases can be between 6 and 10.
Mid Tower
Mid Tower cases are about 18 to 24 (45 to 60 cm) inches high and
they usually contain 2 to 4 internal drive bays and a similar number
of external bays (for CD/DVD readers and similar).
Mini Tower
Mini-tower usually have up to 2 or sometimes 3 internal drive

bays.
Slim Line Case

Slim line cases are simply tower cases turned on their sideways.
They can hold a monitor on top of the case
Types of Form Factors
AT Advance Technology
ATX Advance Technology Extended

SFF Small Form Factor
MOTHERBOARD PORTS
POWER SUPPLY
POWER SUPPLY
POWER SUPPLY Parts
POWER SUPPLY
LPX POWER SUPPLY
NLX Power supply
Low Profile eXtension
Power supply connectors
Ability
Watts
Power option
motherboard
motherboard
Motherboard Form factors
AT
ATX -
Advanced Technology
Advanced Technology Extended
Motherboard ports
chipsets
ZIF Socket
Zero Insertion Force
northbridge and south bridge

chipsets
northbridge and south bridge

chipsets
SLOTS
SLOTS
CMOS
Complementary metaloxidesemiconductor
BIOS
Basic Input Output System
CMOS Battery
System BUS
System bus
Front side bus
Motherboard slots/bus
Pci slot
Motherboard slots
Slots ISA/pci/agp
Expansion slots
Expansion slots
Expansion slots
motherboard standoffs
Cache memory
microprocessor
Transistors
Transistors in Microprocessor
Transistors in Microprocessor
Number of transistors in Microprocessor
microprocessor
LGA vs PGA
Land Grid Array vs Pin Grid Array
PGA socket
LGA socket
Microprocessor manufacturers
BUS
Memory
The computer memory is a temporary storage area. It
holds the data and instructions that the Central
Processing Unit (CPU) needs. Before a program can
be run, the program is loaded from some storage
medium into the memory.
Memory
Where is Cache memory?
Volatile Memory?
--------- --------- ----------
Non Volatile Memory?

--------- --------- ---------S.Kishokumar B.Sc (EUSL), PG Dip in IT (UPDN), MBCS
Random Access Memory (RAM)

RAM(Random Access Memory) is the internal
memory of the CPU for storing data, program and
program result. It is read/write memory which stores
data until the machine is working. As soon as the
machine is switched off, data is erased.
RAM
two types of ram
Static RAM (SRAM)

Dynamic RAM (DRAM)
Static RAM (SRAM)
The word static indicates that the memory retains its

contents as long as power is being supplied.
However, data is lost when the power gets down due
to volatile nature. SRAM chips use a matrix of 6transistors and no capacitors. SRAM need not have to
be refreshed on a regular basis.
Characteristic of the Static RAM
It has long life

There is no need to refresh
Faster
Used as cache memory
Large size
Expensive
High power consumption
Dynamic RAM (DRAM)

DRAM, unlike SRAM, must be continually refreshed in
order to maintain the data. This is done by placing the
memory on a refresh circuit that rewrites the data
several hundred times per second. DRAM is used for
most system memory because it is cheap and small.
Characteristics of the Dynamic RAM
It has short data lifetime

Need to be refreshed continuously
Slower as compared to SRAM
Used as RAM
Lesser in size
Less expensive
Less power consumption
DDR, DDR2, DDR3, RAM
RAM SLOTS
RAM Standards
LOGICAL LAYOUT OF RAM
access time
The time a program or device takes to locate a single

piece of information and make it available to
the computer for processing.DRAM (dynamic random
access memory) chips for personal computers have
access times of 50 to 150 nanoseconds (billionths of a
second). Static RAM (SRAM) has access times as low
as 10 nanoseconds. Ideally, the access time
of memory should be fast enough to keep up with
the CPU.
Error correction
Some memories have mechanisms for correcting
errors to ensure the integrity of the data they contain.
This type of memory is generally used on systems
working on critical data, which is why this type of
memory is found in servers.
KEY BOARD
TYPE OF KEYS
KEYBOARD CONTROLLER
MOUSE
Hard Disk
Hard Disk Data Cables
Hard Disk Power Cables
RAM Random Access Memory
Front Panel Connectors

Alternatively referred to as the fpanel or front panel
connector, the system panel connector or system panel
header controls a computer power button, reset button,
andLED's. The System panel cables, as shown in the picture are
two wire cables that are color coded to help identify where
they connect to the motherboard system panel connector. The
black or white wire is the ground (GND) wire and the colored
wire is the powered wire. The cables, colors, and connections
vary depending on the computer case and motherboard you
have, however, generally include the cables mentioned below.
Types of system panel cables

HDD LED (IDE LED) - The LED activity light for the hard drive.
This is the LED that flashes as information is being written and
read from the hard drive.
Power LED (PLED) - The LED power light, which indicates
when the computer is on, off, or in Standby.
Power SW (PWRSW) - Controls the power button that allows
you to turn on and off the computer.
Reset SW - Handles the reset button to restart the computer.
Speaker - The internal speaker used to sound the beep noises
you hear from your computer when it is booting.
Diagnostic Card
Diagnostic Card is a powerful diagnostic tool for

technicians and administrators to troubleshoot
various problems.
a POST card is a plug-in interface card that displays
progress and error codes generated during power-on
self-test (POST) of a computer. It is used to troubleshoot
computers that do not start up.
RAID
(redundant array of independent disks)
Originally redundant array of inexpensive disks)
provides a way of storing the same data in different
places on multiple hard disks By placing data on
multiple disks, input/output (I/O) operations can
overlap in a balanced way, improving performance.

Computer Hardware Components

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Computer hardware

S.Kishokumar B.Sc (EUSL), PG Dip in IT (UPDN), MBCS

S.Kishokumar B.Sc (EUSL), PG Dip in IT (UPDN), MBCS

S.Kishokumar B.Sc (EUSL), PG Dip in IT (UPDN), MBCS

S.Kishokumar B.Sc (EUSL), PG Dip in IT (UPDN), MBCS

S.Kishokumar B.Sc (EUSL), PG Dip in IT (UPDN), MBCS

S.Kishokumar B.Sc (EUSL), PG Dip in IT (UPDN), MBCS

S.Kishokumar B.Sc (EUSL), PG Dip in IT (UPDN), MBCS

Mini-tower usually have up to 2 or sometimes 3 internal drive

S.Kishokumar B.Sc (EUSL), PG Dip in IT (UPDN), MBCS

Slim Line Case

S.Kishokumar B.Sc (EUSL), PG Dip in IT (UPDN), MBCS

Types of Form Factors

ATX Advance Technology Extended

S.Kishokumar B.Sc (EUSL), PG Dip in IT (UPDN), MBCS

S.Kishokumar B.Sc (EUSL), PG Dip in IT (UPDN), MBCS

S.Kishokumar B.Sc (EUSL), PG Dip in IT (UPDN), MBCS

S.Kishokumar B.Sc (EUSL), PG Dip in IT (UPDN), MBCS

S.Kishokumar B.Sc (EUSL), PG Dip in IT (UPDN), MBCS

S.Kishokumar B.Sc (EUSL), PG Dip in IT (UPDN), MBCS

POWER SUPPLY Parts

S.Kishokumar B.Sc (EUSL), PG Dip in IT (UPDN), MBCS

S.Kishokumar B.Sc (EUSL), PG Dip in IT (UPDN), MBCS

LPX POWER SUPPLY

S.Kishokumar B.Sc (EUSL), PG Dip in IT (UPDN), MBCS

NLX Power supply

Low Profile eXtension

S.Kishokumar B.Sc (EUSL), PG Dip in IT (UPDN), MBCS

S.Kishokumar B.Sc (EUSL), PG Dip in IT (UPDN), MBCS

S.Kishokumar B.Sc (EUSL), PG Dip in IT (UPDN), MBCS

S.Kishokumar B.Sc (EUSL), PG Dip in IT (UPDN), MBCS

S.Kishokumar B.Sc (EUSL), PG Dip in IT (UPDN), MBCS

Power supply connectors

S.Kishokumar B.Sc (EUSL), PG Dip in IT (UPDN), MBCS

Power supply connectors

S.Kishokumar B.Sc (EUSL), PG Dip in IT (UPDN), MBCS

Power supply connectors

S.Kishokumar B.Sc (EUSL), PG Dip in IT (UPDN), MBCS

Power supply connectors

S.Kishokumar B.Sc (EUSL), PG Dip in IT (UPDN), MBCS

Power supply connectors

S.Kishokumar B.Sc (EUSL), PG Dip in IT (UPDN), MBCS

S.Kishokumar B.Sc (EUSL), PG Dip in IT (UPDN), MBCS

S.Kishokumar B.Sc (EUSL), PG Dip in IT (UPDN), MBCS

S.Kishokumar B.Sc (EUSL), PG Dip in IT (UPDN), MBCS

S.Kishokumar B.Sc (EUSL), PG Dip in IT (UPDN), MBCS

S.Kishokumar B.Sc (EUSL), PG Dip in IT (UPDN), MBCS

S.Kishokumar B.Sc (EUSL), PG Dip in IT (UPDN), MBCS

S.Kishokumar B.Sc (EUSL), PG Dip in IT (UPDN), MBCS

Motherboard Form factors

Advanced Technology Extended

S.Kishokumar B.Sc (EUSL), PG Dip in IT (UPDN), MBCS

S.Kishokumar B.Sc (EUSL), PG Dip in IT (UPDN), MBCS

S.Kishokumar B.Sc (EUSL), PG Dip in IT (UPDN), MBCS

S.Kishokumar B.Sc (EUSL), PG Dip in IT (UPDN), MBCS

S.Kishokumar B.Sc (EUSL), PG Dip in IT (UPDN), MBCS

S.Kishokumar B.Sc (EUSL), PG Dip in IT (UPDN), MBCS

northbridge and south bridge

S.Kishokumar B.Sc (EUSL), PG Dip in IT (UPDN), MBCS

northbridge and south bridge

S.Kishokumar B.Sc (EUSL), PG Dip in IT (UPDN), MBCS

S.Kishokumar B.Sc (EUSL), PG Dip in IT (UPDN), MBCS

S.Kishokumar B.Sc (EUSL), PG Dip in IT (UPDN), MBCS

S.Kishokumar B.Sc (EUSL), PG Dip in IT (UPDN), MBCS