3D PRINTING TECHNOLOGY

Presented by
SHASHANK PAL
In partial fulfillment of the requirements of
VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
BELAGAVI

For the award of the degree of

BACHELORS IN ENGINEERING (B.E)
In
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Submitted by
SHASHANK PAL (1MJ12EE035)

MVJ COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

BANGALORE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to extent my sincere obligations towards all the

personages who have helped me in this endeavor. Without their
active guidance, help, cooperation, & encouragement, I would not
have made my headway in the seminar report.
I express my deep sense of gratitude to Mrs. BRINDHA VicePrincipal of MVJCE for providing us with the best in class
infrastructure and highly qualified and inspiring staff whose
valuable guidance was of great help in the successful completion
of this Seminar.
I am extremely thankful to Mrs. PREMALATHA, HOD Department
of Electrical and Electronics Engineering MVJCE for her constant
support on completion of this seminar.
.
I would like to express my special thanks to M/s. Poornima
(Assistant Professor) who gave me the golden opportunity to
present a seminar on the topic 3D PRINTING TECHNOLOGY, which also helped me in doing a
lot of research and to learn new concepts. I also thank my internal
guide Mrs. P. PRAVEENA who helped me in doing this seminar
successfully.

I would like to thank my parents and friends who directly or

indirectly helped me to complete this seminar report.
SHASHANK PAL
(1MJ12EE035)

CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. Terminology
3. Rapid Prototyping
4. Additive Process
- Extrusion deposition (Fused deposition modeling)
- Granular materials binding
- Lamination
-Photo polymerization
-Mask-image-projection-based stereo lithography
5.Applications
6.Future Scope
7.Effects of 3D Printing

8.Conclusion
9.References

Introduction

3D printing is a form of additive manufacturing technology

where a three dimensional object is created by laying down
successive layers of material.
It is also known as Additive manufacturing.
3D printing is achieved using an additive process, where
successive layers of material are laid down in different
shapes.

Terminology

Additive manufacturing - refers to technologies that

create objects through sequential layering.
Rapid prototyping - is a group of techniques used to
quickly fabricate a scale model of a physical part or
assembly using three-dimensional computer aided design
(CAD) data.
Subtractive processes - removal of material by methods
such as cutting or drilling.
Stereolithography was defined by Charles W. Hull as a
"system for generating three-dimensional objects by creating
a cross-sectional pattern of the object to be formed"

3D Printable Models

3D printable models may be created with a computer aided

design package or via 3D scanner.
The manual modeling process of preparing geometric data
for 3D computer graphics is similar to plastic arts such as
sculpting.
3D scanning is a process of analyzing and collecting data of
real object; its shape and appearance and builds digital,
three dimensional models.

Rapid Prototyping
Slicing

Printing

 To perform a print, the machine reads the design from 3D

printable file (STL file).
STL file Stereo Lithography
It lays down successive layers of liquid, powder, paper or
sheet material to build the model from a series of cross
sections.
These layers, which correspond to the virtual cross sections
from the CAD model, are joined or automatically fused to
create the final shape.
Printer resolution describes layer thickness and X-Y
resolution in dpi (dots per inch), or micrometers.
X-Y resolution is comparable to that of laser printers.
The particles (3D dots) are around 50 to 100 m (510 to 250
DPI) in diameter.

Additive Processes

 Extrusion deposition (Fused deposition

modeling)
Granular materials binding
Lamination
Photo polymerization
Mask-image-projection-based stereo
lithography

Extrusion deposition
(Fused Deposition
Modeling)
Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is an additive
manufacturing technology commonly used for modeling,
prototyping, and production applications.
FDM works on an "additive" principle by laying down
material in layers; a plastic filament or metal wire is
unwound from a coil and supplies material to produce a part.
Various polymers are used
o Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)
o Polycarbonate (PC),
o Polylactic Acid (PLA)
o High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)
o PC/ABS
o Polyphenylsulfone (PPSU).

1 Nozzle ejecting molten plastic

2 Deposited material (modeled part)
3 Controlled movable table

Granular Materials
Binding
The technique fuses parts of the layer, and then moves the
working area downwards, adding another layer of granules
and repeating the process until the piece has built up.
This process uses the unfused media to support overhangs
and thin walls in the part being produced.
A laser is typically used to sinter the media into a solid.
Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) --- uses lasers as its power
source to sinter powdered material, binding it together to
create a solid structure.
Selective Laser Melting (SLM) -- uses 3D CAD data as a
digital information source and energy in the form of a high
powered laser to create three-dimensional metal parts by
fusing fine metallic powders together.
Electron beam melting (EBM) -- EBM manufactures parts by
melting metal powder layer by layer with an electron beam
in a high vacuum.

Lamination

Sheet is adhered to a substrate with a heated roller.

Laser traces desired dimensions of prototype.
Laser cross hatches non-part area to facilitate waste
removal.
Platform with completed layer moves down out of the way.
Fresh sheet of material is rolled into position.
Platform moves up into position to receive next layer.
The process is repeated.

1. Foil supply
2. Heated roller
3. Laser beam
4. Scanning prism
5. Laser unit
6. Layers
7. Moving platform
8. Waste

Photo polymerization

Photo polymerization is primarily used in stereo lithography

(SLA) to produce a solid part from a liquid.
In Digital Light Processing (DLP), a vat of liquid polymer is
exposed to light from a DLP projector under safelight
conditions. The exposed liquid polymer hardens.
The build plate then moves down in small increments and
the liquid polymer is again exposed to light.
The process repeats until the model has been built.
Inkjet printer systems like the Objet PolyJet system spray
photopolymer materials onto a build tray in ultra-thin layers
(between 16 and 30 m) until the part is completed.

Stereolithographic Apparatus

Mask-image-projection-based
Stereo lithography

In this technique a 3D digital model is sliced by a set of

horizontal planes.
Each slice is converted into a two-dimensional mask image.
The mask image is then projected onto a photocurable liquid
resin surface.
Light is projected onto the resin to cure it in the shape of the
layer.

Printer

Applications

Industrial uses
Rapid Prototyping
Rapid Manufacturing
Mass Customization
Mass Production
Domestic and hobbyist uses
Clothing
3D Bio-printing
3D Printing For Implant And Medical Device
3D Printing Services

Future

 Future applications for 3D printing might include

creating open-source scientific equipment to create
open source labs.
Science-based applications like reconstructing fossils
in paleontology.
Replicating ancient and priceless artifacts in
archaeology.
Reconstructing bones and body parts in forensic
pathology.
Reconstructing heavily damaged evidence acquired
from crime scene investigations.
The technology currently being researched for
building construction.

Effects of 3D printing

Space exploration
Making spare parts on the fly
Cheaper and more efficient space exploration
Social change
Conventional relationship between the home and the
workplace might get further eroded.

It becomes easier to transmit designs for new

objects around the globe.

Conclusion

3D Printing technology could revolutionize and re-shape

the world. Advances in 3D printing technology can
significantly change and improve the way we
manufacture products and produce goods worldwide.
If the last industrial revolution brought us mass
production and the advent of economies of scale - the
digital 3D printing revolution could bring mass
manufacturing back a full circle - to an era of mass
personalization, and a return to individual craftsmanship.

References
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_printing
ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/

 www.academia.edu/