LIST OF TABLES

Page

No.
2. 1

Level of Agricultural Development in Punjab and

Bihar: (1983-84)

27

2.2

Demographic
Census

30

2.3

Selected
Indicators
Economies: 1983:84

Bihar

31

2.4

Districtwise Composite Index of Agricultural

Development in Punjab and Bihar: 1975-76

37

2.5

Demographic Features
Districts: 1971-81

and Bhojpur

41

2.6

Levels of Agricultural Development in Ludhiana

and Bhojpur: 1982:83

44

2.7

A Locational Profile of Punjab and Bihar Sample

Villages

48

2.8

Size and Demographic Characteristics of Punjab

and Bihar sample Villages: 1980-81

50

2.9

Important Indicators of Agricultural Development

of Punjab and Bihar Sample Villages: 1980-81

53

2. 1 0

Villagewise Availability of Social and Other

Amenities in the Sample Villages of Punjab and
Bihar

56

2. 11

Overall
and Villagewise Break-up
Households in Punjab and Bihar

Sample

61

2.12

Introductory
Information
on
H6useholds in Punjab and Bihar

Sample

63

2. 1 3

Pattern of Assets and Liabilities

Labour Households in Punjab and Bihar

2. 1 4

Incidence of Occupational
Punjab and Bihar

Diversification

in

70

2. 1 5

Inception of Occupational
Punjab and Bihar

Diversification

in

71

2.16

Reasons
for Occupational
Punjab and Bihar

Diversification

in

72

Features

of Punjab and Bihar: 1981

Punjab

of

of

Ludhiana

and

of
the

of Rural

65-67

4.1

Pattern of On-farm Employment and Earnings of

Labour Households in Punjab and Bihar.

101

4.2

Villagewise Pattern
Earnings of Labour
Bihar.

of On-Farm Employment and

Households in Punjab and

106-108

4.3

Pattern of On-Farm Employment and Earnings of

PALH and PNLH Groups in Punjab and Bihar.

118

4.4

Villagewise Percentage Distribution of Sample

Households
Between Causal Wage-Paid On-Farm
Employment on Regular and Daily Basis.

124

4.5

Percentage share of Wage-Paid On-Farm Employment

and Earnings on Daily Basis in the Total Wage Paid On-Farm Employment and Earnings of Labour
Households in Punjab and Bihar

129

4.6

Pattern of On-Farm Employment and Earnings of

Labour Households in Punjab and Bihar on Daily
Basis

132

4.7

Villagewise Pattern
Earnings of Labour
Bihar on Daily Basis

of On-Farm Employment and

Households in Punjab and

135-139

4.8

Pattern
of Wage-Paid On-Farm Employment and
Earnings on Daily Basis of PALH and PNLH Groups
in Punjab and Bihar

145

5.1

Pattern of Non-Farm Employment and Earnings of

Labour Household in Punjab and Bihar

159

5.2

Villagewise
Pattern, of Non-Farm
and Earnings of Labour Households in
Bihar

Employment
Punjab and

165-167

5.3

Pattern of Non-Farm Employment and Earnings of

PALH and PNLH Groups in Punjab and Bihar

176

6.1

Pattern of Total Yearly Employment and Earnings

of Labour Households in Punjab and Bihar

183

6.2

Villagewise Pattern of Total Yearly Employment

and Earnings of Labour Households in Punjab and
Bihar

188-189

6.3

Pattern of Total Yearly Employment and Earnings

of PALH and PNLH Groups in Punjab and Bihar

193

ii

6.4

Net Household and Per Capita Income of Labour

Households in Punjab and Bihar

1 96

6.5

Villagewise Pattern of Net Household Income and

Per Capita Income of Labour Households in Punjab
and Bihar

199-200

6.6

Net Household Income and Per Capita Income of

PALH and PNLH Groups in Punjab and Bihar

202 A

6.7

Capita
Average
Per
Non-Cultivating
Rural
Punjab and Bihar.

Yearly Income of the

Labour Households in

204

6.8

Distribution of Net Household Income of Labour

Households in Punjab and Bihar.

205

6.9

Non-Cultivating Rural Labour

the Poverty Line in Punjab
Capita Household Income Basis.

Households Below
and Bihar on Per

216

6. 1 0

Sen's
'P' Measure calcualted for Per Capita Net
Household Income in Punjab and Bihar.

223

6. 11

Average Per Capita Net Household Income of

Non-Cultivating Rural Labour Households Below
the Poverty Line.

225

7. 1

Socio-economic
Labour

the Migrant

235

7.2

Distribution of Migrant Agricultural Labourers

as per Holding Size.

238

7.3

Identification of Areas of Migration

239

7.4

Pattern of Rural Employment

Migrant Labour in Punjab

7.5

VIllagewise Distribution of
Employment/Earnings
of the
Resident Labour in Punjab

7.6

Villagewise
Earnings on
Punjab

8. 1

Average
Propensity
to
Consume
Households in Punjab and Bihar.

Labour

265

8.2

Villagewise and Commoditywise Per Capita Annual

Expenditure in Punjab and Bihar.

270-274

Characteristics

Patterp~d
Daily0~of

of

and

Earnings of

242

Wage-Paid On-farm
Migrant and the

246

of
On-farm Employment/
the Migrant Labour in

iii

of

250-251

8.3

Cash
Expenditure
as
Percentage
ot Total
Expenditure on an Item in Punjab and Bihar.

279

8.4

Distribution of Total Consumption Expenditure in

Punjab and Bihar

284

8.5

Plausible Engel Functions in Punjab and Bihar.

287

Sen's "Poverty Measure 'P'"

220

FIGURE

6.1

APPENDIX TABLES

A-3.1

Number of Households in Each Expenditure Class

in Punjab and Bih~r

338'

A-4.1

Labour-Use and Level of Earnings Per Acre of

Gross Cropped Area in Punjab and Bihar

339

A-8.1

Distribution
of
Consumption Expenditure. by
Decile Group in Punjab and Bihar.

340

iv