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Algae
Sea weeds
Chondrus
Palmeta
Chlorella
Characteristics of Algae
Morphology- wide range
Spherical, rod shaped, club shaped, spindle
shaped(single celled sp)
Multicellular complex, group of same cells or
different cells (may resemble higher plants)
Cell wall- thin and rigid.
Diatoms have silica and therefore thick and very
rigid.
The motile algae have flexible cm called periplast
Some have an outer matrix secreted through cw
Unicellular algae
Algal pigments
Chlorophyll-a,b,c,d,e,
a is present in all
Carotenoid
Carotene- unsaturated hydrocarbon
Xanthophyll- oxygenated derivative
Biloprotein (phycobilin)
Water soluble
phycoerythrin
pigment-
phycocyanin
and
Motility
Motile algae- swimming algae
Flagella-in pairs, clusters
Types- whiplash (cylindrical and smooth), tinsel
(cylindrical and hair like), ribbon or strap like
Some dont have means of motility
Carried about by currents, tides, waves
Some spores are motile- zoospore
Other structures- eye spot, knob like structure,
gelatinous stalk
classification
Based onNature and properties of pigments
Chemistry of reserve food material
Types or number of flagella, morphology and
insertion
Life history, reproductive structures, and methods
of reproduction
Eg. Geledium
Very useful commercially
Rhodophycophyta
Xanthophycophyta(yellow-green
algae)
Chlorophyll a, c rarely e
Found in temperate environment(fresh water and
marine), also in soil
Occur as single cell, colonies, branched and
unbranched filaments
Flagella of unequal length
Zoospores
Asexual reproduction by cell division and
fragmentation
Sexual reproduction rare
Cell wall- cellulose, pectin
Reserve food material- chrysolaminarin(branched
glucan), oil
Eg Vaucheria
Chlorophyll a and c
Multicellular, brown pigment
Found in marine environment
Quite complex(some have several feet height)
Eg brown sea weed
Have holdfast and air bladder (give buoyancy)
Asexual reproduction- zoospore
Sexual reproduction- isogamous and heterogamous
Commercial uses-food, source of iodine and mineral
salt
Eg. Sargasso
Sea of Sargasso
Bacillariophycophyta-the Diatoms
Chlorophyll a and c
Found in fresh water, salt water, soil
Abundant in cold water
Plentiful form of plankton in Arctic
Wide range of shape
Unicellular, colonial and filamentous forms
Produce shell (CW) containing silica
These shells over the period give rise to
diatomaceous earth, commercially very important
Euglenophycophyta-euglenoid
Chlorophyll a and b
Unicellular, actively motile
Interesting example is Euglena (animal as well as
plant features)
Photosynthetic and contractile vacuole
No cell wall, having periplast
Anterior gullet and red eyespot
Reproduction by binary fission
Dormant cyst like structure is produced
Paramylon, oils as reserve material
Chlorophyll a and b
Freshwater
Some in marine and terrestrial environment
One chloroplast per cell, laminate, cup shaped and
reticulate
Chloroplast has pyrenoid- a site of starch synthesis
Single celled and colonial forms
Some has holdfast for attachment
Produce zoospore
Binary fission and isogamous, heterogamous
reproduction
chlamydomonas
spirogyra
volvox
Cryptophycophyta
Chlorophyll a and c
Biflagellate organisms, two unequal flagella, tinsel
type
Cells slipper shaped
Some have only plasmalemma
One or two plastids with or without pyrenoid
Reproduction by binary fission, zoospore and cyst
Sexual reproduction is seen in some
Cryptomonas
group
chlorophyll carotenoid
biloprotein
Storage products
Rhodophycophyta
Red algae
a, rarely d
Beta carotene
Zea xanthin
Alpha carotene
Phycoerythrin
phycocyanin
Starch, oil
Xanthophycophyta
Yellow- green algae
a, c, rarely
e
Beta carotene
Diadinoxanthin
Heteroxanthin
Chrysolaminarin,
oils
Chrysophycophyta
Golden algae
a, c
Beta carotene
fucoxanthin
Chrysolaminarin,
oils
Phaeophycophyta
Brown algae
a,c
Beta carotene
Alpha carotene
fucoxanthin
laminarin, oils,
carbohydrate
Bacillariophycophyta
Diatoms
a, c
Beta carotene
Alpha carotene
fucoxanthin
Chrysolaminarin,
oils
Euglenophycophyta
Euglenoid
a, b
Beta carotene
Alpha carotene
Diadinoxanthin
Paramylon, oils
group
chlorophyll
chlorophycophyta a, b
Green algae
Cryptophycophyta a,c
Cryptomonad
Pyrrophycophyta
dinoflagellate
a,c
carotenoid
biloprotein
Storage
products
Beta
Starch, oil
carotene
Alpha
carotene
lycopene
Beta
Phycoerythrin Starch, oil
carotene
phycocyanin
Alpha
carotene
alloxanthin
Beta
carotene
Alpha
carotene
Peridenin
Starch, oil