201-02.3 Force Vectors (3D) (Compatibility Mode)

TMS
201
TMS
201
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
STATICS
4
4
Mulyadi Bur
LDS
Unand
TMS
201
Structural Dynamics Laboratory

ANDALAS UNIVERSITY
Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri
1/42
LDS
Unand
Fy = F cos y
Fh = F sin y
LDS

With the angles between F and the axes,
Fx = F cos x Fy = F cos y Fz = F cos z

F = Fx i + Fy j + Fz k

= F (cos x i + cos y j + cos z k )

= F

= cos x i + cos y j + cos z k

is a unit vector along the line of action of F
and cos x , cos
y , and cos z are the direction
cosines for F

Resolve F into
horizontal and vertical
components.
Resolve F h into
rectangular components
Fx = Fh cos
= F sin y cos
Fy = Fh sin
= F sin y sin
LDS
3/42
Unand
2/32
Rectangular Components in Space
The vector F is
contained in the
plane OBAC.
Unand
/1/. Beer, F.P.; Johnston, E.R.

Vector Mechanics for Engineer: Statics, 7 Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York,
2004
/2/. Hibbeler, R.C.
Engineering Mechanics: Statics, 10 Ed., Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 2004.
/3/. Meriam, J.L.; Kraige, L.G.
Engineering Mechanics: Statics, 5.th. Ed., John Wiley, 2002.
/4/. Szabo, I., Gesichte der mechanischen Prinzipien, Birkhaeuser, Basel,
1987.
Bahan ajar ini dipakai di lingkungan sendiri dan disediakan secara gratis bagi peserta
kuliah Statika Struktur TMS-201 yang dapat diunduh dari portal akademik.
TMS
201
Bahan ajar ini dibuat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan bahan bacaan bagi para
mahasiswa Jurusan Teknik Mesin Universitas Andalas yang berdasarkan
kepada pengalaman penulis serta merujuk kepada beberapa buku standar
seperti tercantum berikut ini:
4/42
TMS
201
TMS
201
cos 2 x + cos 2 y + cos 2 z = 1
F = Fx2 + Fy2 + Fz2

F = Fx i + Fy j + Fz k
4
2x + 2y + 2z = 1
Example; A force F has the components Fx=20lb, Fy=-30lb,

Fz=60lb. Determine the magnitude of F and the angles with
coordinates.
Example; A force of 500 N forms angles of 600, 450, and 1200,

respectively with x, y, and z. Find the component.
4
Answer
Answer
F = 20 2 + ( 30) + 60 2 = 70lb
2
Fx = (500 N ) cos 600 = 250 N
Fx 20
= , x = 73.40
F 70
F
30
cos y = x =
, y = 115.40
F
70
F 60
cos z = x = , z = 31.00
F 70
cos x =
Fy = (500 N ) cos 450 = 354 N

Fz = (500 N ) cos1200 = 250 N z k

F = (250 N )i + (354 N ) j (250 N )k
LDS
Unand
TMS
201
LDS
5/42
Unand
TMS
201

Direction of the force is
defined by the location of
two points,
M ( x1,y1,z1 ) and N ( x 2 ,y 2 ,z 2 )
Sample problem 2.7

A tower guy wire is anchored by means of a bolt at A.
The tension in the wire is 2500 N. Determine the
components of the force on the bolt, (b) the angles
defining the direction of the force
B

d = vector joining M and N

= d x i + d y j + dz k
dx = x 2 x1 dy = y 2 y1 dz = z 2 z1

F = F

1
= dx i + dy j + dzk
d
Fd
Fd
Fd
Fx = x Fy = y Fz = z
d
d
d
LDS
Unand

d = vector joining A and B

= dx i + dy j + dzk
x
Unand
z
AB = d =
F,
LDS
dx = 40m
40 m
80 m
7/42
6/42
dy = 80m
( 40 )
dz = 30m
+ (80)2 + (30)2 = 94.3m
30 m
8/42
TMS
201
TMS
201
y

2500N
F = F =
d
94.3m
2500N

F=
40m( i ) + 80m j + 30mk
94.3m

F = 1060N i + 2120Nj + 795Nk
40 m
80 m
F,
4
x
30 m
Fx 1060
=
, x = 115.10
F
2500
F
2120
cos y = y =
, y = 32.00
F 2500
F
795
cos z = z =
, z = 71.50
F 2500
Sample Problem 2.8

A wall section of precast concrete is temporarily held by
the cables shown. Knowing that the tension is 840 lb
in cable AB and 1200 lb in cable AC. Determine the
magnitude and the direction of the resultant of the
forces exerted by cables AB and AC on stake A
cos x =
27 ft
8 ft
(1200 lb) AC
B
11 ft
(840 lb) AB
16 ft
LDS
Unand
LDS
9/42
TMS
201
Unand
TMS
201

AB = ( 16ft ) i + ( 8ft ) j + (11ft ) k

AC = ( 16ft ) i + ( 8ft ) j (16ft ) k
AB = 21ft,AC = 24 ft

840lb
( 16ft ) i + ( 8ft ) j + (11ft ) k
TAB =
21ft

TAB = ( 640lb ) i + ( 320lb ) j + ( 440lb ) k
27 ft

TAB = ( 640lb ) i + ( 320lb ) j + ( 440lb ) k

R = TAC + TAB = ( 1440lb ) i + ( 720lb ) j ( 360lb ) k
27 ft
C
8 ft
(1200 lb) AC
16 ft
(840 lb) AB
11 ft
16 ft
R x 1440
=
, x = 150.8o
R
1650
Ry
720
cos y =
=
, y = 64.1o
R 1650
R
360
cos z = z =
, z = 102.6o
R 1650
cos x =
LDS
Unand
R = ( 1440)2 + (720)2 + ( 360)2 = 1650lb
8 ft
11 ft
10/42

1200lb
( 16ft ) i + ( 8ft ) j (16ft ) k
TAC =
24ft

TAC = ( 800lb ) i + ( 400lb ) j ( 800lb ) k
B
z
LDS
11/42
Unand
12/42
TMS
201
TMS
201
Sample Problem 2.9
12 m
1.2 m
A 200 kg cylinder is hung by means of two cables AB

and AC, which are attached to the top of a vertical
wall. A horizontal force P perpendicular to the wall
holds the cylinder in the position shown. Determine
the magnitude of P and the tension in each cable.
12 m
1.2 m
P
A
2m
12 m
LDS
Unand
LDS
TMS
201
12 m
13/42
1.2 m
B
2m

P =Pi

W = mg j

AB = ( 1.2m ) i + (10m ) j + ( 8m ) k

AC = ( 1.2 ) i + (10m ) j (12m ) k
AB = 12.862m, AC = 15.666m

AB
AB =
= ( 0.09330 ) i + ( 0.7775 ) j + ( 0.6220 ) k
12.862m

TAB = TAB AB = ( 0.09330TAB ) i + ( 0.7775TAB ) j + ( 0.6220TAB ) k
14/42
i Fx = 0; ( 0.0766TAC ) + ( 0.09330TAB ) + P = 0
TAC = 1229.47N
TAB = 1514.09N
P = 235.442N

TAB + TAC + P + W = 0

( 0.09330TAB ) i + ( 0.7775TAB ) j + ( 0.6220TAB ) k +

( 0.0766TAC ) i + ( 0.63832TAC ) j ( 0.76599TAC ) k + P i (1962N) j = 0
k Fz = 0; ( 0.76599TAC ) + ( 0.6220TAB ) = 0 TAB = 1.231495TAC

AC
AC =
= ( 0.0766 ) i + ( 0.63832 ) j ( 0.76599 ) k
15.666m

TAC = TAC AC = ( 0.0766TAC ) i + ( 0.63832TAC ) j ( 0.76599TAC ) k
Unand
LDS
2m
j Fy = 0; ( 0.63832TAC ) + ( 0.7775TAB ) (1962N) = 0
A
12 m
Unand
TMS
201
TAC
TAB
8m
8m
B
12 m
TAC
TAB
8m
15/42
LDS
Unand
16/42
TMS
201
TMS
201
Solving Problems on Your Own
Problem 2.129
240 lb
A
4
30o
75 lb
50o
75 lb
The direction of the 75-lb

forces may vary, but the
angle between the forces
is always 50o. Determine
the value of for which
the resultant of the forces
acting at A is directed
horizontally to the left.
LDS
Unand
240 lb
4
75 lb
50o
75 lb
LDS
17/42
TMS
201
Unand
TMS
201
Determine the resultant R of two
or more forces.
240 lb
A
30o
75 lb
We first Replace the two 75-lb

forces by their resultant R1, using
the triangle rule.
50
75
50o
25o
25o
R1 = 2(75 lb) cos25o = 135.95 lb
30o
sin(30o)
sin(+25o)
=
135.95 lb
240 lb
+25o
75
LDS
19/42
+25o
R1 = 135.95 lb
Law of sines:
R1
LDS
18/42
Draw a parallelogram with the applied forces as two adjacent

sides and the resultant as the included diagonal. Set the
resultant, or sum of the forces, directed horizontally.
240 lb
R1 = 135.95 lb
R2
75 lb
Unand
30o
1. Determine the resultant R of

two or more forces.
2. Draw a parallelogram with
the applied forces as two
adjacent sides and the
resultant as the included
diagonal.
3. Set the resultant, or sum of
the forces, directed
horizontally.
Unand
sin(+25o) =
(240 lb) sin(30o)

135.95 lb
Consider the
resultant R2
of R1 and the 240-lb
force
and recall that R2
must be
horizontal and
directed to
the left.
+ 25o = 61.97o
= 0.88270
= 36.97o
20/42
TMS
201
TMS
201
y
Problem 2.131
360 mm
D
y
360 mm
450 mm
O
500 mm
B
z
320 mm
x
600 mm
A container of weight
W = 1165 N is
supported
by three cables as
shown.
Determine the
tension in
each cable.
W = 1165 N is supported
by three cables as shown.
Determine the tension in
each cable.
450 mm
500 mm
B
z
320 mm
600 mm
1. Draw a free-body diagram of the particle. This diagram shows

the particle and all the forces acting on it.
2. Resolve each of the forces into rectangular components.
Follow the method outlined in the text.
F=F=
LDS
Unand
F
(d i + dy j + dz k)
d x
LDS
21/42
TMS
201
Unand
TMS
201
y
360 mm
C
O
500 mm
450 mm
B
A
320 mm
600 mm
W = 1165 N is supported
by three cables as shown.
Determine the tension in
each cable.
22/42
Draw a free-body diagram of the particle.

y
360 mm
D
500 mm
C
O
TAC
TAD
B
TAB
450 mm
320 mm
F=0
TAB + TAC + TAD + W = 0
x
600 mm
W = _ (1165 N) j
3. Set the resultant, or sum, of the forces exerted on the particle
equal to zero. You will obtain a vectorial equation consisting
of terms containing the unit vectors i, j, and k. Three scalar
equations result, which can be solved for the unknowns.
AB =
LDS
Unand
LDS
23/42
Unand
(450 mm)i + (600 mm)j
AB = 750 mm
AC = (600 mm)j _ (320mm)k
AC = 680 mm
AD = (_500 mm)i + (600 mm)j + (360 mm)k
AD = 860 mm
24/42
TMS
201
Resolve each of the forces into rectangular components.
TMS
201
y
360 mm
C
O
TAC
500 mm
B
TAB
TAD
600
320
15 j _ 8 j
= 680 j _
k TAC =
T
680
17 AC
17
450 mm
320 mm
TAD = TAD AD = TAD
600 mm
W = _ (1165 N) j
LDS
Unand
i+
(450
750
600
j TAB = (0.6 i + 0.8 j) TAB
750
TMS
201
O
TAC
500 mm
z
4
TAD
A
450 mm
320 mm
x
600 mm
W = (1165 N) j
0.6 TAB _ 25 TAD = 0

43
0.8 TAB +
_
Unand
Set the resultant, or sum, of

the forces exerted on the
particle equal to zero.
Substitution into F = 0,
factor i, j, k and set their
coefficients to zero:
TAB = 0.9690 TAD
18 T = 0
8
TAC +
43 AD
17
TAC = 0.8895 TAD
AD
AD
500
600
360
k TAD
i+
j+
860
860
860
)
30
18
k T
j+
43
43 )
25
i+
43
AD
TMS
201
y
360 mm
z
4
26/42
O
TAC
TAD
A
x
600 mm
15
30
x 0.8895 +
)TAD _ 1165 N = 0
17
43
2.2578 TAD _ 1165 N = 0
(2)
27/42
320 mm
Substitution for TAB and

TAC from (1) and (3)
into (2):
W = _ (1165 N) j
(1)
(3)
450 mm
B
TAB
( 0.8 x 0.9690 +
15
30 T _
TAC +
1165 N = 0
17
43 AD
Unand
500 mm
B
TAB
LDS
25/42
y
360 mm
LDS
(
=(
=
AB
AB
TAB = TAB AB = TAB
AC
AC
TAC = TAC AC = TAC
LDS
Unand
TAD = 516 N
From (1):
TAB = 0.9690 (516 N)
TAB = 500 N
From (3):
TAC = 0.8895 (516 N)
TAC = 459 N
28/42
TMS
201
TMS
201
Problem 2.133
y
56 ft
56 ft
4
D
B
20o
50o
z
Cable AB is 65 ft long, and

the tension in that cable is
3900 lb. Determine (a) the
x, y, and z components of
the force exerted by the
cable on the anchor B, (b)
the angles x, y, and z
defining the direction of
that force.
LDS
Unand
B
20o
50o
z
LDS
29/42
TMS
201
Unand
TMS
201
A
2. Determine the
direction cosines of the
line of action of a force.
The direction cosines of
the line of action of a
force F are determined by
dividing the components
of the force by F.
A
56 ft
D
4
B
o
20
50o
z
F
cos x= Fx
Determine the direction cosines of

the line of action of a force.
65 ft
From triangle AOB:
Fy
56 ft
4
B
o
20 Fz
z
F
cos y= Fy
x
F
cos z= Fz
31/42
Unand
cos y = 56 ft = 0.86154
65 ft
y = 30.51o
Fx
O
LDS
30/42
LDS
Unand
1. Determine the
rectangular components
of a force defined by its
magnitude and direction.
If the direction of the force
F is defined by the angles
y and , projections of F
through these angles or
their components will yield
the components of F.
Fx = _ F sin y cos 20o

= _ (3900 lb) sin 30.51o cos 20o
Fx = _1861 lb
Fy = + F cos y = (3900 lb)(0.86154)
Fy = + 3360 lb
Fz = + (3900 lb) sin 30.51o sin 20o
Fz = + 677 lb
32/42
TMS
201
A
Determine the direction cosines

of the line of action of a force.
TMS
201
Problem 2.134
65 ft
F
Fy
56 ft
4
Fx
_
Fx
1861 lb
=
(b) cos x =
F
3900 lb
cos x = _ 0.4771
20 Fz
12 ft
From above (a):
Unand
TMS
201
cos z =
Fz
F
= +
677 lb
= + 0.1736
3900 lb
z = 80.0o
33/42
LDS
Unand
12 ft
TBC Draw a free-body diagram

of the particle.
TAC
C
396 lb
3.5
7.5 ft
2. Set the resultant, or sum, of the forces exerted on the particle equal
to zero. You will obtain a vectorial equation consisting of terms containing
the unit vectors i, j, and k. Three scalar equations result, which can be
solved for the unknowns.
LDS
LDS
7.5
12
396 lb
1. Draw a free-body diagram of the particle. This diagram shows the

particle and all the forces acting on it.
Unand
34/42
y
9 ft
5 ft
TMS
201
7.5 ft
y = 30.5o
8.5 ft
C
396 lb
5 ft
LDS
9 ft
8.5 ft
x = 118.5o
Two cables are

tied together at
C and loaded as
shown.
Determine the
tension
(a) in cable AC,
(b) in cable BC.
35/42
Unand
x
Set the resultant, or
sum, of
the forces exerted on the
Fx = 0 :
7.5
12 T
+ 8.5 TBC = 0
12.5 AC
Fy = 0 :
3.5
4
TAC +
8.5 TBC
12.5
TBC = 1.088 TAC
396 lb = 0
36/42
TMS
201
TMS
201
Problem 2.137
TBC
TAC
4
3.5
7.5
12
x
P
396 lb
4
A
Substitute for TBC:

O
3.5
4
_
TAC +
8.5 (1.088 TAC ) 396 lb = 0
12.5
20 in
Q
z
(b)
LDS
Unand
(0.280 + 0.512) TAC _ 396 lb = 0
TAC = 500 lb
TBC = 1.088 (500 lb)
TBC = 544 lb
37/42
TMS
201
LDS
Unand
38/42
TMS
201
y
x
P
A
O
20 in
1. Draw a free-body
diagram of the
particle. This
diagram shows the
particle and all the
forces acting on it.
4
O
20 in
Q
z
LDS
x
P
Unand
Collars A and B are

connected by a 25-in.-long
wire and can slide freely
on frictionless rods. If a
60-lb force Q is applied to
collar B as shown,
Determine
(a) the tension in the wire
when x = 9 in., (b) the
corresponding magnitude
of the force P required
to maintain the equilibrium
of the system.
2. Set the resultant,

or sum, of the forces
exerted on the
You will obtain a
vectorial equation
consisting of terms
containing the unit
vectors i, j, and k.
Three scalar equations
result, which can be
solved for the
unknowns.
LDS
39/42
Unand
40/42
TMS
201
Draw a free-body diagram of the particle.

y
x
_
x i _ (20 in) j + z k
AB
=
=
P
AB
AB
TMS
201
y
Free Body: Collar B

x
25 in
O
20 in
LDS
Unand
Pi
TAB AB
TAB x
= 0
25
(a) Since x = 9 in.:
60
(b) From eq. (1): P =
TAB (12)
=0
25
(125.0 lb)(9 in)

25 in
z = 12 in
TAB = 125.0 lb
P = 45.0 lb
LDS
Unand
Q = (60 lb) k
60
TAB z
25
= 0
(2)
LDS
41/42
TMS
201
From eq. (2):
Nx i
20 in
Substitute for AB and set coefficients of k equal to zero:
(1)
(9 in)2 + (20 in) 2 + z 2 = (25 in) 2
TAB AB
F = 0: (60 lb) k + Nx i + Ny j _ TAB AB = 0
Substitute for AB and set

coefficients of i equal to zero:
A
Nz k
F = 0: P i + Ny j + Nz k + TAB AB = 0
Ny j
4
Free Body: Collar A
A
O
Ny j
43/42
Unand
42/42

201-02.3 Force Vectors (3D) (Compatibility Mode)

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

201-02.3 Force Vectors (3D) (Compatibility Mode)

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

TMS

Structural Dynamics Laboratory

Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri

Fx = F cos x Fy = F cos y Fz = F cos z

Rectangular Components in Space

/1/. Beer, F.P.; Johnston, E.R.

Rectangular Components in Space

Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri

cos 2 x + cos 2 y + cos 2 z = 1

F = Fx2 + Fy2 + Fz2

Example; A force F has the components Fx=20lb, Fy=-30lb,

Example; A force of 500 N forms angles of 600, 450, and 1200,

Fx = (500 N ) cos 600 = 250 N

Fy = (500 N ) cos 450 = 354 N

Rectangular Components in Space

Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri

Sample problem 2.7

Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri

+ (80)2 + (30)2 = 94.3m

Sample Problem 2.8

R = ( 1440)2 + (720)2 + ( 360)2 = 1650lb

Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri

Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri

Sample Problem 2.9

A 200 kg cylinder is hung by means of two cables AB

k Fz = 0; ( 0.76599TAC ) + ( 0.6220TAB ) = 0 TAB = 1.231495TAC

j Fy = 0; ( 0.63832TAC ) + ( 0.7775TAB ) (1962N) = 0

Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri

Solving Problems on Your Own

The direction of the 75-lb

We first Replace the two 75-lb

R1 = 2(75 lb) cos25o = 135.95 lb

Draw a parallelogram with the applied forces as two adjacent

Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri

Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri

1. Determine the resultant R of

(240 lb) sin(30o)

1. Draw a free-body diagram of the particle. This diagram shows

Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri

Draw a free-body diagram of the particle.

(450 mm)i + (600 mm)j

AC = (600 mm)j _ (320mm)k

AD = (_500 mm)i + (600 mm)j + (360 mm)k

Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri

Resolve each of the forces into rectangular components.

TAD = TAD AD = TAD

Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri

0.6 TAB _ 25 TAD = 0

Set the resultant, or sum, of

TAB = 0.9690 TAD

TAC = 0.8895 TAD

Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri

2.2578 TAD _ 1165 N = 0

Substitution for TAB and

Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri

TAB = TAB AB = TAB

TAC = TAC AC = TAC

TAB = 0.9690 (516 N)

TAC = 0.8895 (516 N)

Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri

Cable AB is 65 ft long, and

Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri

Determine the direction cosines of