Incompressible Fluid Mechanics, MECH 6370: HW #1

ISSUED: 08-24-2015, eLearning.edu

DUE: 09-07-2015, 8:30 a.m., ECSN 2.110 (in class submission)

1. Review of undergraduate hydrostatics: Munson book, Problems 2.6, 2.9, 2.26, 2.36, 2.62
2. Reading: Ch. 3 of Panton textbook, Problems 3.2, 3.12, 3.17
3. Given the rank two tensor,

2
= 3
6

3
2
4

6
4
15

(a) What are the principal values of ?

(b) What are the directions in which the principal stresses act?
(c) Decompose into its symmetric and anti-symmetric components
(d) Prove that your decomposition is correct.
4. Repeat the preceding problem for the rank two tensor,

2
= 0
3
5. Prove the identify in index notation: u u =

1
2u

0
3
0

3
0
2

u u .

6. Express and evaluate the following in index and Gibbs notation: grad (a b) = . . ..
7. Express and evaluate the following in index and Gibbs notation: div (uv) = . . ..
8. Prove the following in index notation: (a b) c = (b c) a = (c a) b
9. A water jet into air leaves a nozzle horizontally with velocity, Vj , and diameter, D. A solid cone pointing toward the
jet has a half angle, , and base, d > D, and has its axis aligned with the jet direction. What force is required to hold
the cone in place?
10. A viscous liquid in laminar flow comes downward out of a long, round tube into air. The tube is vertically inclined;
at the exit, the flow is fully developed. After the fluid exits the tube, the velocity profile, u(r), gradually changes
to a uniform profile, Ue . Assume that the diameter reduces linearly before the uniform value is attained. Apply the
momentum equation to find the area of the jet when uniform flow is first established, and the value Ue . Perform the
analysis with and without body forces.
11. A very long tube 3 cm in diameter carries water at an average velocity of 5 cm s1 . A short nozzle attached to the
end accelerates the flow with a 5 : 1 area reduction. Find the force between the pipe and the nozzle when the exist
pressure is atmospheric (100 kPa) and the pipe pressure is 325 kPa.
12. A long, thin, closed cylinder is submersed in a fluid (the cylinder thickness, t, inner radius, Ri , and length, L, are
given; note that t/Ri << 1 and Ri /L << 1). The cylinder contains fluid with constant stress tensor, i = pi , and
is surrounded by a fluid with constant stress tensor, o = po . Body forces are negligible and pi = po . However a
torque is applied to the cylinder that is T k and T k at either ends.
(a) Using the problem attributes given, define the stress tensor in the fluid at points far from the cylinder ends (use
cylindrical coordinates).
(b) Determine the magnitude and direction of the principal stresses.
(c) Determine the magnitude of the maximum shear stress.
Note: Problems adapted from R.L. Panton Incompressible Flow and MIT OpenCourseWare (Prof. Kenneth Smith)