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GerundsandInfinitivesPart1
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1.Agerundisanounmadefromaverbbyadding"ing."Thegerundformoftheverb"read"is"reading."Youcanuseagerundasthesubject,
thecomplement,ortheobjectofasentence.
Examples:
ReadinghelpsyoulearnEnglish.subjectofsentence
Herfavoritehobbyisreading.complementofsentence
Ienjoyreading.objectofsentence
Gerundscanbemadenegativebyadding"not."
Examples:
Heenjoysnotworking.
Thebestthingforyourhealthisnotsmoking.
2.Infinitivesarethe"to"formoftheverb.Theinfinitiveformof"learn"is"tolearn."Youcanalsouseaninfinitiveasthesubject,thecomplement,
ortheobjectofasentence.
Examples:
Tolearnisimportant.subjectofsentence
Themostimportantthingistolearn.complementofsentence
Hewantstolearn.objectofsentence
Infinitivescanbemadenegativebyadding"not."
Examples:
Idecidednottogo.
Themostimportantthingisnottogiveup.
3.Bothgerundsandinfinitivescanbeusedasthesubjectorthecomplementofasentence.However,assubjectsorcomplements,gerunds
usuallysoundmorelikenormal,spokenEnglish,whereasinfinitivessoundmoreabstract.Inthefollowingsentences,gerundssoundmorenatural
andwouldbemorecommonineverydayEnglish.Infinitivesemphasizethepossibilityorpotentialforsomethingandsoundmorephilosophical.If
thissoundsconfusing,justrememberthat90%ofthetime,youwilluseagerundasthesubjectorcomplementofasentence.
Examples:
Learningisimportant.normalsubject
Tolearnisimportant.abstractsubjectlesscommon
Themostimportantthingislearning.normalcomplement
Themostimportantthingistolearn.abstractcomplementlesscommon

4.Astheobjectofasentence,itismoredifficulttochoosebetweenagerundoraninfinitive.Insuchsituations,gerundsandinfinitivesarenot
normallyinterchangeable.Usually,themainverbinthesentencedetermineswhetheryouuseagerundoraninfinitive.
Examples:
Heenjoysswimming."Enjoy"requiresagerund.
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Hewantstoswim."Want"requiresaninfinitive.
5.Someverbsarefollowedbygerundsasobjects.ListofVerbsFollowedbyGerunds
Examples:
Shesuggestedgoingtoamovie.
Marykeepstalkingaboutherproblems.
6.Someverbsarefollowedbyinfinitives.ListofVerbsFollowedbyInfinitives
Examples:
Shewantstogotoamovie.
Maryneedstotalkaboutherproblems.

ExercisesBasedonPart1oftheGerundsandInfinitivesTutorial
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