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Basically, a #Sy or an #:y is added to the present tense form of the original
future tense of a few commonly used verbs by stating the wm-pu; @kvcn
forms. Then based on Supplement 31, you can easily decline the verbs that
have been listed in Supplement 32.
Read the supplements first, then attempt to translate the exercises or else
you'll land up with goof ups like Ah< piZy:yaim instead of Ah< yaim !!
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Verbs
T"p{Np_"`pY" zoo ( M)
Avyayas
Adjectives.
_"XY"@o well,
correct, right
manner.
{\"T"{Np market ( F)
_\"Y"z_"u\"@ volunteer ( M)
@pY"+X"function ( M)
pu@Y"pS"_P"pS"@ bus stop (N )
Translate:
1. On Saturday, we are going to the zoo to see the lion.
2. Will you come to the market with me tomorrow? ( Recall: sentences
can be converted into questions if you add ikm! to the end of the
sentence OR if you begin the sentence with Aip )
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\"# \" `z c"p_Y"p{X" Y"{Q _"p pBpSO"sz pS"pu{O" \"p S" \"p$
6. The teacher will give gifts to the student who will study well.
8. The boys are sure to ask me why I did not come yesterday to school.
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T"P"X"p {\"W"[O"$
{O"rY"p {\"W"[O"$
4. So in a sentence like "The boy is seeing a bird " we would first ask the
T"P"X"p {\"W"[O"$
object that is being seen" and place that what....the object, into the
{O"rY"p {\"W"[O"$ And then making sure the verb and subject agree, we
would come up with.... V"p@# A"Bpz T"Y"{O"$
In an Active sentence construction, @O"qZ \"pY" ZE"S"p ,the pride of
place is given to the @O"p, the subject. The verb, always preferring to
be with the guy on top ( yup, our verb is a true- blue -blood politician! )
agrees firmly with the subject.
Now, in a Passive sentence construction,
is being seen by the boy) the object takes pride of place and is placed
1.
2.
3.
4.
He gets political.
Changes sides.
Joins hands with the object.
Decides to agree with it.
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1. "By the boy" has become: " balken "... the wma iviKt is
converted into the t&tIya iviKt,
2. The object becomes All Important and now falls into the wma
same. If the P.P. verb is in the present tense, you use the present
tense verb forms of the A.P. in the kmRi[ vaKy rcna,
4. IF the boy were looking at two birds, the ktRir vaKy rcna would
become balk> ogaE pZyit and the kmRi[ vaKy rcna would become
5. IF he were looking at many birds the ktRir vaKy rcna would become
balk> ogan! pZyit and the kmRi[ vaKy rcna would become balken
oga> dZyNte ,
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Dhaatus are divided into skmRk and AkmRk verbs. skmRk are those verbs
that answer the question " what." For example: r]! ( r]it ) "Protect what"
can be very easily answered.
But a dhaatu like Swa ( it:Qit) cannot answer the question "what"..... "Stand
sentence but perfectly accurate in Sanskrit. The kmRi[ vaKy rcna would be
balken SwIyte, This kind of kmRi[ vaKy rcna with an AkmRk dhaatu is called
the _aave yaeg, The "emotion", the "feeling" of the passive voice is there is
it not? therefore the use of the word " _aav " .
Question 1. Why did Swa become SwIyte and not Swayte ????
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$ maa before converting into the kmRi[ form.... refer to Supplement 34.
No, it is not as difficult as it looks. The advantages of the kmRi[ vaKy rcna
are innumerable.
1. Since the verb now follows the object turned subject, one needs to
only remember the singular, dual and the plural forms of the wm
mya og> dZyte , Tvya og> dZyte , ten og> dZyte , DaE> og> dZyte ,
bailkai_a> og> dZyte ....
2. Instead of learning 9 forms of P.P. and A.P. verbs each, we now bring
it down to just 3 .
3. Multiply it by the 5 lkar s and we get 15 forms( just A.P.) that we
have to know as against 90( P.P. and A.P.)....if we choose to do just
the ktRir vaKy rcna ,.......This happens about 99% of the time....
4. Now the bad news: What do you do with a sentence like, " The lion
sees me?" Naturally ...is<h> ma< pZyit ,
I am being seen by the lion = is<hen Ah< dZye ,The verb HAS to agree
with the wma iv_aiKt ,
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each tense and mood, you will see how easy the whole thing really is.
So this week, let's concentrate on the present tense.
To conclude, here is a beautiful shloka from our Devi poojan to illustrate this
passive construction:
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Translate each of the following sentences first into the ktRir and then into
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bailka ptit ,
bailkya pTyte ,
bailka> ptiNt ,
bailkai_a> pTyte ,
bailka it:Qit ,
bailkya SwIyte ,
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bailka> it:QiNt ,
bailkai_a> SwIyte ,
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There seem to be no need of instructions since all have been given in Lesson
42. i must ask you to have a look at some of our shlokas from the Shiva, Devi
and the Guru Poojans where passive constructions in laeq! lkar are quite
apparent. Just read through, i do not expect that the shlokas will be
completely clear. But i do want you to notice how the same shloka can be
used by any person or by any number of people simply because the passive
voice has been used and the "by whom" has not been specified.
For recognition ONLY.
Devi Poojan
Aasn -
saXvInamtaeg{ye saxus'!"-smadte ,
kpURrags<yuKt< kpaila[naiyke ,
taMbUl - muiKtkacU[R-kpURraid-smiNvtm! ,
ija-jaf(aeCDedkr< ipure itg&h(tam! .
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awRnapUvRk ]mapn -
A}anad!ivSm&ter
! aRNTya yNnUnmixk/< ktm! ,
nEve*-
Snan -
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vS -
mayaicpqaCDNninjguh(aetejse ,
mhavaKyaeTwiv}an-gNxaF(< tapmaecnm! ,
ivlepnm! gue:Q cNdn< itg&h(tam! .
taMbUl-di][a
jIvEKyiv}an - t&PtaygumUtRye ,
jIvNmuiKtsuoakar< taMbUl< itg&h(tam! .
Passive sentences can thus be created in every tense and mood. We could
have devoted the next three weeks to the past tense, the future and the
vidhilin...but it will only amount to an intellectual exercise of sorts. The
passive structure in the past tense and the vidhilin can be done in a much
simpler manner... and that which is constantly in use in conversational
Sanskrit. This is done by the use of Participles.
But before we get into that, we need to learn the noun declensions of mt!
and _agvt! which will help us to handle the "Participle Lesson."
So next week... mt! and _agvt! ,
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Translate, first into the ktRir and then into the kmRi[ . One has been done
for you. ( Sentences 1 -6 and 10...imagine addressing this to any one of
these: Tvm! , _avan! , _avtI )
M)
20. Give me the book. (use Nw M) ( Note: the other vibhaktis in the
active remain the same in the passive. Only the object and the subject
jump around.)
21. (You) Give me the book.
22.(He) Give me the book.
23.(They) Give me the book.
24.(All of you) Give me the book.
Level 1 - Month 9 lessons 41 43 B
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Shri Chitrapur Math 2002-2015
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og< pZtu ,
og> dZytam! ,
_aaejn< oa*tam! ,
p< ilOytam! ,
pe ilo / ilotu ,
pe ilOyetam! ,
pai[ ilOyNtam! ,
Tv< Nw< pQ ,
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_aaejn< pc / pctu ,
_aaejn< pCytam! ,
te duGx< ipbNtu ,
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