ESSA y WRITING

Connectors and useful expressions

1. CONNECTORS
- What are connectors?
..
Connectors (also called conjunctions) are words or expressions which we use to establish
different types of relationships between words or sentences. When we use connectors appropriately, we
organise what we say in a more logical, understandable way.
- Typesof connectors
-ij:~"'N:-nrD7~T
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but (pero)
although/though (aunque)
in spite of /despite +noun or -ing /despite the fact that (a pesar de)
_ however (sinembargo)
nevertheless /nonetheless (no obstante)
on the other hand ( por otra parte)
by contrast (por el contrario)
_ ---on the one hand ... on the other hand ... (por una parte ... por otra ...)
_Jn contrast to/ with (en contraste con)
As opposed to (en contraste con, por el contrario)
. _ On the contrary (por el contrario)
Alternatively (sino, otra posibilidad es que ...)
Instead of (en lugar de, en vez de )
The former ... the latter (el primero el ltimo ...)
Conversely (a la inversa)

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Furthermore / rnoreover / in addition to (noun phrase or -ing form (adems)

Aswell as (ascomo)
Apart from this/that (aparte de esto/eso)
Also (tambin)
Besides(adems)
Additionally (adems)
What is more (Esms)
On top of that (adems de eso)

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one such example is (un ejemplo es)

such as (tal, tales como)
- in other words (en otras palabras)
_ for example / for instante (por ejemplo)
let me exemplify this concept by/with (permtanme ejemplificar este concepto con ...)
that is/ that is to soy (es decir)
on instance could be (un ejemplo de ello podra ser...)

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- ~~~!U~1j:~~?A'NlI~
firstof all (antes de nada)
+first /firstly (en primer lugar, primero)
second / secondly (en segundo lugar)
later / after that / afterwards (luego, despus de que ...)
then / next (entonces, luego, seguidamente)
- finally / in the end (finalmente, al final)
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once (una vez)

alter (despus de (que))
"~ meanwhile / in the meantime (mientras tanto)
before reaching that stage (antes de ese punto, etapa, seccin ...)

_~ prior to (antes de)

after that stage (tras esa fase /perodo)
-- subsequently (posteriormente)
eventually (eventualmente)
whenever (siempre que)
-while (cuando. mientras)
as soon as (en cuanto)
before (antes de que)
until / till (hasta (que))
now that (ahora que)
since (desde)
-_ for (durante)
all of a sudden / suddenly (de repente)

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_so that / in order that +sentence (para que)
in order to / so as to / to + infinitive (para)

- R'~$,~~r
,_Osa result (of) / consequently (a consecuencia / como resultado (de)))
therefore (por consiguiente)
, for this / that reason (por esta/esa razn)
-- so / that iswhy / because of this/that (por esto / eso)
_.._
hence (de ah que)
With this in mind (teniendo esto en cuenta)
on account of the fact that ." (en vista del hecho de que.i.]
bearing this in mind (teniendo esto en mente)
taking this into account (teniendo esto en cuenta)
...,., thus (por lo tanto)
- ~~~US:
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beca use of / on account of (a causa de)
_ owing to /due to (debido a)
as a result of (como resultado de)
by virtue of (en virtud de)
~ thanks to (gracias a)
following (a raz de)
in view of / in the light of (en vista de)
in the fe of (ante)
_ for fear of (por miedo a)
- for the simple reason that (por la simple razn de)
given that (dado que)
_ caused by /brought about to (causado por)
..

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2. SOME USEFUL EXPRESSIONS FOR ESSA y ANO REPORT WRITING

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- It is often said / asserted / claimed that... -7 Se suele decir que".

- It is universally acknowledged that... -7 Todo el mundo reconoce que."
- It is a well-known fact that... -7 Todo el mundo sabe que.i.,' Esun hecho muy conocido que ...
- Forthe great majority of people ... -7 Para la gran mayora de las personas ...
- A problem that is often debated nowadays is that of.. -7 Un tema muy debatido hoy en da
es...
- One of the most striking features / aspects of this problem / issue/ topic / question ... -7 Una de
las caractersticas / aspectos ms relevantes de este problema / tema / pregunta ...
- A number of key issuesarise from ... -7 ... plantea cierto nmero de Cuestiones fundamentales.
- Firstof oll. let us try to understand / consider ... -7 En primer lugar. tratemos de entender.,. /
consideremos ...
- Byway of introduction.,. -7 A manera de introduccin ...
- What we are mainly concerned with here s.. -7 El tema principal que nos ocupa en esta
ocasin ...

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"N'A PAR.A~~AP.~
- Thisbrings up to the question of whether ... -7 Esto nos lleva a plantearnos la pregunta de si...
- On the one hand ... on the other ... -7 Por una parte ... por otra ...
- Asfor... -7 En relacin con ...
- Incidentally, we mus1not forget ... -7 A propsito de esto, no debemos olvidar que ...
- Asfar as ... isconcerned ... -7 Porlo que se refiere a ...
- Added to that, ... -7 Adems de eso,... / Por aadidura, ...

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-1 think / don't think that ...

- I Thinkit is probable that... -7 Creo que es probable que ...
- I believe that... -7 Creo que ...
- I agree / don't agree that... -7 Estoyde acuerdo / en desacuerdo en que ...
- My own view of this isthat ... -7 Mi visin propia del tema es que ...
- Speaking personally ... -7 Personalmente hablando, ...
- It seems to me that... -7 A mi parecer, ...
- My personal opinion ot., '7 Mi opinin personal sobre ...
-1 feel strongly that ... -7 Creo firmemente que ...
- In my opinion ... -7 En mi opinin ...
-In my view -7 En mi opinin .
- Formy part
-7 Por mi parte .
-1 maintain that ... -7 Mantengo que ...
- My point of view is that... -7 Mi punto de vista es que ...
- Frommy point of view -7 Bajo mi punto de vista...
- Forme,... -7 Para m, .
-It seems to me that ... -7 A mi parecer, ...
- As I see it... -7 Tal y como yo lo veo, ...
- A lot of people cloim that ... -7 Mucha gente opina que ...
- Forme, the gist of the matter is that. .. -7 En mi opinin, la clave de este asunto est en que ...

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-It is highly probable that ... -7 Esmuy probable que ...
- Thereisa strong chance that ... -7 Hay muchas posibilidades de que ...
- It isreasonable to think that ... -7 Esrazonable pensar que ...
- It stands to reason that ... -7 Eslgico pensar que ...
-It would appear .../lt would seern that
-7 Segn parece ...
- It iswithin the bounds of possibility that -7 Est dentro de lo posible que ...
- Thereis reason to believe that ... -7 Hay razones para pensar que ...
- Thereare grounds for believing / for the belief that... -7 Existenmotivos para pensar que ...

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- In comparison with/ compared with / when compared with -7 En comparacin

/comparado con / cuando lo comparamos con ...
- Bycomparison,
-7 En comparacin, ...
-If you compare
-7 Sise compara ...
- Whereas / whilst -7 Mientras que ...
- In contrast to -7 En contraste con ...
- Asopposed to /Uniike... -7 A diferencia de .
- Theformer ... the latter -7 Elprimero ... el ltimo .
- There issome resemblance / similarity between ... -7 Existensimilitudes / parecidos entre ...
- It isgreatly superior to ... -7 Esinfinitamente superior que ...
- It is much inferior to ... -7 Esmucho ms inferior que ...

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