Tourism in

Perspective
Md Zaker Hossin

Outline
Understand what tourism is and its many definition
Learn the components of Tourism
Understand the purpose of tourism
Understand the classification of Visitors segments
Identify the benefits and costs of tourism

Introduction
Tourism is a rapidly growing industry (world fourth largest
industry)
Tourism has significant contribution to global economy (9%
in GDP)
Tourism has emerged as an important of economic
foundation of many countries (1.5 Trillion in Exports, 6%)
Tourism is the leader in the production of new
employments (1/11 jobs- 284 million jobs world wide)
For socio-cultural and physical change, tourism enhances the
image of the region
(UNWTO, 2015)

Definition of tourism
Tourism may be defined as the processes, activities, and
outcomes arising from the relationships and the interactions
among tourists, tourism suppliers, host governments, host
communities and surrounding environments that are
involved in the attracting and hosting of visitors.

UNWTO definition of Tourism

Tourism comprises the activities of persons travelling to and
staying in places outside their usual environment for not
more than one consecutive year for leisure, business, and
other purposes.

Definition of Tourism (continued)

Tourism means activities connected with trips taken by
people outside their habitual residences aimed at satisfying
their needs for sightseeing, discovering, leisure, or
recreation in a certain period of time. (Cooper et al. 2005)

Group Discussion
What is the difference between visitors and tourist???

Definition of Visitor
A Visitor is defined as those persons who travel to a
country other than that in which they have their usual
residence but outside their usual environment for a period
not exceeding twelve months and whose main purpose of
visit is other than the exercise of an activity remunerated
from within the place visited.

What is Tourism overall?

Four different perspectives of tourism can be identified: such as
The tourist:
---The tourist seeks various psychic and physical experience and
satisfactions. The nature of these will largely determine the
destinations chosen and the activities enjoyed.
The business providing tourist goods and services:
---Business people see tourism as an opportunity to make a profit by
supplying the goods and services that the tourist markets demand.

Continued
The government of the host community or area:
---politicians view tourism as a wealth factor in the economy of their
jurisdiction. Their perspective is related to the income their citizen
can earn from this business. They also consider the foreign exchange
receipts from international tourism as well as the tax receipts
collected from tourist expenditures, either directly or indirectly. The
government can lay an important role in tourism in tourism policy,
development, promotion and implementation.
The host community:
---Local people usually see tourism as a cultural and employment
factor. However, this factor may be beneficial or harmful or both.

Tourism Category
Tourism can be divided by four category:
1. International Tourism
---Inbound tourism: Visits to a country by non-residents
---Outbound tourism: Visits by residents of a country to another
country.
2. Internal Tourism: Visits by residents and non-residents of the
country
3. Domestic tourism: Visits by residents of a country to their own
country
4. National Tourism: Internal tourism plus outbound tourism.

Traveller Terminology for tourism

All travellers are subdivided into two categories: These include
Same-day Visitors: Visitors who do not spend for the night in a
collective or private accommodation in the country visited. E. g. A
cruise ship passengers spending four hours in a port or days-trippers
visiting attraction.
Tourist: Visitors who travel to and stay in places outside their usual
environment for more than twenty- four (24) hours and not more
than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes
not related to the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the
place visited.

Classification of visitors segments

VFR These people are stay in the homes of friends and
relatives.
Business Travellers This often encompasses any form of
business including conventions, trade shows, job seeking
and many other reasons.
Pleasure Travel This tool is a very wide and all
encompassing classification.
Business and Pleasure Travellers many convention and
business travellers plan to incorporate a period of relaxation
prior to or after their business.

Classification of visitors segments

Tag-along visitors Members of the family are common tag-along
visitors. The presence of tag-along children has created a sub
industry of childcare and entertainment.
Grief travel Family and friends attending funeral services. This
types of tourist will increase in importance as society ages.
Education and religious travel this group include students, those
on a pilgrimage, missionaries and host of others.
Pass-through tourist The visitors who travel through the city
without staying in place or just stop by.

Classification of Visitors Segments

This group of person are not include as a visitors at all:
Transit passengers
Immigrants
The army who are work at the boarders
The ambassador of each country.

Purpose of travel
Business
---Primary activities, such as conventions, consultations,
inspection.
---Secondary activities, such as dinning out, recreation,
shopping, sight seeing.
Visiting Friends or Relatives
---Primary activities, such as socialising, dining out, home
entertainment.
---Secondary activities, such as physical recreation, shopping,
sight seeing, unban entertainment.

Purpose of travel
Pleasure
---Primary activities such as recreation, sight seeing and
dinning out
---Secondary activities such as VFR, Convention, Business and
shopping.
Other personal business
---Primary activities such as shopping, religious visit, medical
appointment.
---Secondary activities such as dinning out VFR.

Components of tourism
The components of tourism include:

The Tourist

The Host

Natural
resources and
environment

Benefits and Costs of tourism

Tourism brings both economic and non- economic benefits
and costs to host communities.
---The benefits of tourism - economic:
Provides employment opportunities
Generates foreign exchange
Increase incomes
Increase GNP
Can be build on existing infrastructures
Develops an infrastructure that will also help to stimulate
local commerce and industry.

The benefits of tourism - economic:

(Continued)
Can be developed with local products and resources
Diversifies the economy
Trends to be compatible with other economic activities
Spreads development
High multiplier impact
Increases governmental revenues.

Benefits of tourism- Socio-cultural

Broadens educational and cultural horizons
Improves quality of life- higher incomes and improved
standards of living
Justifies environmental protection and improvement
Provides recreational facilities to tourists may be used by a
local population too.
Reinforces preservation of heritage and tradition.

Benefits of tourism- Socio-cultural

(Continued)
Visitor interest in local culture provides employment to
artists, musicians and other performing artists.
Breakdown language, socio-cultural class, racial, political and
religious barriers.
Creates a favourable worldwide image for a destination.
Promotes a global economy.
Promotes international understanding and peace.

Costs of tourism - Economic

Develops excess demand
Results in high leakage
Creates difficulties of seasonality
Causes inflation
Can be result in unbalanced economic development
Increases vulnerability to economic and political changes.

Costs of tourism Economic

(Continued)
Creates social problems
Degrades the nature physical environment and creates
population
Degrades the cultural environment
Threatens family structure
Commercialize culture, religion, and the arts.
Creates misunderstanding
Creates conflicts n the host society.
Contributes to disease, economic fluctuation and
transportation problems.