Answer Sheet Formative Assessment

1. What are the differences and similarities of Eukaryote and Prokaryote?

Prokaryote:
-Do not contain a nucleus or any other membrane bound organelles.
-They are the first organisms.
-Bacteria are a type of prokaryote.
-They appeared 3.8 billion years ago.
-10 times smaller than eukaryote.
Eukaryote:
-Appeared 1.5 billion years ago.
-It comes from two greek words which are Eu: tru and Karyote: kernel which
refers to the nucleus.
-Example of eukaryote is a protist.
-Eukaryotes contain membrane-bound organelles, including a nucleus.
-It can be single celled or multi celld.
Similarities:
-They are both the basic unit of life.

2. List all of the things that needs to get in and out of the cell membrane.
In: Sugars, oxygen, h2o, proteins, fats, salts.
Out: Ammonia, h20, Co, salts, proteins waste.

3. Why do facilitated diffusion need help from a protein channel?

Because, some molecules that need to get in or out of the cell are way
to big to squeeze itself into the membrane. This is why some molecules need
their own door or entry to get inside or outside the cell, which is called the
protein channel. The protein channel acts like doors in the membrance.

These channels move specific molecules through the cell membrane.

The protein channel provides help for things to get inside and outside the cell
membrane. Although, fats and oils can get through the membrane without any
help.
4. Explain min. 7 organelles in a cell
The cell contains many organelles. Organelles are little organs
in a cell. The first one is the cell membrane. The cell membrane is
made of phospholipid bilayer, which consists of two layers
phospholipid. Next, is the Nucleus. If a nucleus were part of a school it
would be the principal. Because it controls the whole cell and it is the
center of the cell. Nucleus contains chromatin. Third, is the Lysosmes.
It contains digestive enzymes that break down worn out cell parts,
large molecules and wastes. The 4 th one is Chloroplast, which can be
found in plant cells and some protists. Chloroplast can produce sugar.

Next is the Golgi Apparatus, which transport molecules. They

also store, modify and packages proteins. Then there is the
Cytoskeleton, which acts like a skeleton and muscle. It provides
shapes and structure. It also helps move organelles around the cell.
Last but not least is the Ribosome. Ribosome produce proteins that is
needed for many cell functions. It can be found attached to the
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER).

5. What is the cell theory?

Each and every living organism is made out of cells. Without cells the
universe wouldnt exist, because cells are the basic unit of life. Without cells
we wouldnt exist. Cells arise from pre-existing cells. Cells are called cells
because they look like prison cells. There is energy that flow within cells.
There are many organelles that are in a cell. These organelles are cell
membrane, nucleus, cytoskeleton, centriole, lysomes, chloroplast, ribosome,
golgi apparatus, mitochondria, cell wall, cilia, flagella, and vacuoles.

There is animal cell and plant cell. Something they both have in
common is that they both have the same basic chemical compositions, which
are nitrogen, phosphate, and hydrogen. To see these cells people would need
microscopes. Microscopes werent invented for scientific reasons. Heredity
information is passed down from cell to cell. Heredity information or also
known as the DNA is like a code on how will a person look like, which is
located inside the cell. DNA is something that makes us look like us.

6. Explain the theory of the cell membrane.

The cell membrane is the boundary of the cell. It can also be called as
the cell plasma. It is made of a special kind of lipid. Lipid is something that is
inside a phosphate. They are described that they have split personality. It is
attracted to water. The phosphate likes water. Although, the lipid hates water
and is repelled by water.

There is also a membrane that is called semi-preamble membrane,

which only allows some molecules to get through. There are some things that
needs to get across the membrane like food, waste or products, which are
sugar, lipids, aa, o2, h2o, salt, and waste.