DC Motor Control - EXtreme Electronics

DC Motor Control | eXtreme Electronics
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http://extremeelectronics.co.in/avr-tutorials/dc-motor-control/
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Jul-19th-2008
DC Motor Control
0
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Motor gives power to your MCU. Ya power to do physical works, for example move your robot. So it is essential to know
how to control a DC motor effectively with a MCU. We can control a DC motor easily with microcontrollers. We can start it,
stop it or make it go either in clockwise or anti clock wise direction. We can also control its speed but it will be covered in
latter tutorials.
Fig: A DC Motor
DC Motor (Intermediate and Advance users can skip this)

A DC motor is electromechanical device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy that can be used to do many
useful works. It can produce mechanical movement like moving the tray of CD/DVD drive in and out (you may like to try it
out Go to My Computer, right click the drive icon and click "Eject"). This shows how software controls a motor. DC motors
comes in various ratings like 6V and 12V. It has two wires or pins. When connected with power supply the shaft rotates. You
can reverse the direction of rotation by reversing the polarity of input.
Control with MCUs

As the MCUs PORT are not powerful enough to drive DC motors directly so we need some kind of drivers. A very easy and
safe is to use popular L293D chips. It is a 16 PIN chip. The pin configuration is as follows.
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L293D Dual DC Motor Controller.

This chip is designed to control 2 DC motors. There are 2 INPUT and 2 OUTPUT PINs for each motors. The connections is
as follows.
The behavior of motor for various input conditions are as follows
A
Stop
Low
Low
Clockwise
Low
High
Anticlockwise
High
Low
Stop
High
High
So you saw you just need to set appropriate levels at two PINs of the microcontroller to control the motor. Since this chip
controls two DC motors there are two more output pins (output3 and output4) and two more input pins(input3 and input4).
The INPUT3 and INPUT4 controls second motor in the same way as listed above for input A and B. There are also two
ENABLE pins they must be high(+5v) for operation, if they are pulled low(GND) motors will stop.The following program
starts the motor runs it one direction for some time and then reverses the direction.
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#include <avr/io.h>
#include <util/delay.h>
void Wait()
{
char i;
for (i=0;i<100;i++)
_delay_loop_2(0);
}
void main()
{
//Setup port D pin 4,5 as output.
DDRD=(1<<PD4)|(1<<PD5);
while(1)
{
//Clock wise
PORTD=0B00010000;
Wait();
//Anti clock wise
PORTD=0B00100000;
Wait();
//Stop
PORTD=0;
Wait();
}
}
Assembling.
Insert the L293D chip into the breadboard. And connect as per the circuit
diagram. Now connect the DC motor. Then connect the 9V supply to the
Items Required.
breadboard this supply is used to run he motor. Also connect the 5V supply to
the breadboard this is the logical supply i.e. it defines a HIGH or 1 is 5V.
This 5V is available in the xBoard itself. Use a 2pin connector to access this. DC Motor 12V
Then connect the PD4 and PD5 pins of the MCU to the breadboard. These
will provide signals to control the motor. Use a 8 PIN connecter to get PD4
and PD5. Connect PD4 to A and PD5 to B Now burn the program into the L293D chip
MCU and power on the system. The motor will rotate and will change
directions after some times.
Breadboard.
Some wires
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Fig: L293D chip on breadboard.
Fig: A motor Connected to l293d chip.
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Fig: PD4,PD5,+5V and GND terminals on xBoard-MINI
Speed Control
The speed of DC motor can also be controlled with MCU. PWM or pulse width modulation technique is used to digitally
control speed of DC motors. I will show you how that is done in later tutorials after I introduce you with internal TIMERS of
AVR because PWM is generated using timers.
Download PDF version | Get Adobe Reader Free !!!
What's Next
Next I will show you how to interface a 16x2 character LCD Modules.
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This entry was posted on Saturday, July 19th, 2008 at 11:34 am and is filed under AVR Tutorials. You can follow any responses to this entry through the
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11 Responses to DC Motor Control

1. 1
Prafull Says:
Hello Sir,
I have heard of Stepper motors -they are specially used for such control- and also heard that DC motors do not give a
good response.Is it true?
March 13th, 2009 at 7:46 pm
2. 2
Varun Says:
hey..i wantd to know that if im gona use PWM to control the speed of the motor.how do interface the PWM o/p pin
of the microcontroller to the motor driver IC..
June 15th, 2009 at 4:09 pm
3. 3
Avinash Says:
Hello Varun,
Connect PWM o/p to ENABLE PIN (PIN1).
See PWM tutorial here
http://extremeelectronics.co.in/avr-tutorials/pwm-signal-generation-by-using-avr-timers-part-ii/
June 15th, 2009 at 5:01 pm
4. 4
Ashok Says:
Hi Avinash,
thanks for the Avr tutorial. im trying out this interfacing of dc motor circuit but there is no current flowing inside the
circuit kindly help me
December 24th, 2009 at 12:11 pm
19/1/2011 8:12 AM
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5. 5
Stephen Says:
If you have questions about what kind of motor to choose for your DIY project here is a summary presentation of
different types of motors. You will see here how they work and in what kind of projects you can use them wisely:
http://www.microdiy.com/index.php?/tutorials/motor-tutorial-for-diy-electronics-project.html
March 17th, 2010 at 11:39 pm
6. 6
lokesh kumar k @ nitk Says:
@AVINASH
NICE WORK !!!
July 16th, 2010 at 1:50 pm
7. 7
Letters First Test Setup of OpenThermo Project Says:
[...] I discovered that, again, there are some wonderful ICs to do the job for me; in this case, the L293D motor
controller chip apparently handles an isolated power source and high-power load while accepting low-voltage logic [...]
July 16th, 2010 at 5:01 pm
8. 8
Akhil Says:
Battery symbol should be inverted in Fig: Motor Controller Using L293d chip
August 11th, 2010 at 8:16 am
9. 9
Ravi Ranjan Says:
Hello Avinash Sir,
I want to ask one simple question
Why cannt we use ULN2803 in place of L293D to drive DC motor??ULN 2803 has also current specification of
600mApmsIs anything special in L293D?
Plz do reply.
Thanks
December 28th, 2010 at 8:13 pm
10. 10
Avinash Says:
@Ravi
ULN2803 is darlinton array while L293 is a push pull driver. ULN can only sink current cannot source it, so it
cannot be used in bi-directional control of motor. By the way this site is for engineers not KG students
December 29th, 2010 at 9:20 am
11. 11
Ravi Ranjan Says:
Oh I see!!!!
But one becomes an engineer after passing through KG and
not directly by jumping the KG class..
December 31st, 2010 at 4:20 pm
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Tilda Zumsteg: Have your thought of adding some social bookmark buttons to your web site web site? No...
Mathilde Roatch: The publish is in reality the great on this worthy subject. I match in together with...
jose albuja: hola les hago una pregunta quiero enviar comandos AT a un atmega32 por comunicacin...
Illuminator: Hi, Im new to programming MC. I need two PWM o/p, i.e one to enable 1 and another...
Chris: I apologize for my ignorance. I wasnt asking for an arithmetic lesson, just help with the C...
Phill: @Avinash, im not sure that that would work. If you divided by 1023, then the answer would be...
Binu: Hi avinash why cant you add 89S series microcontroller in this software. I have already posted...
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Comments
Tilda Zumsteg: Have your thought of adding some social bookmark buttons to your web site web site? No...
Mathilde Roatch: The publish is in reality the great on this worthy subject. I match in together with...
jose albuja: hola les hago una pregunta quiero enviar comandos AT a un atmega32 por comunicacin...
Illuminator: Hi, Im new to programming MC. I need two PWM o/p, i.e one to enable 1 and another...
Chris: I apologize for my ignorance. I wasnt asking for an arithmetic lesson, just help with the C...
Phill: @Avinash, im not sure that that would work. If you divided by 1023, then the answer would be...
Binu: Hi avinash why cant you add 89S series microcontroller in this software. I have already posted...
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