Cp Cpk Formula | Pp Ppk Formulas

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Home (/) Process Capability Analysis (/process-capability-analysis/) Cp, Cpk Formula

Cp Cpk Formulas versus Pp Ppk Formulas

Formulas for Cp Cpk and Pp Ppk are Similar
Cp, Cpk Formula &

Pp, Ppk Formula &

Calculations

Calculations

(Cpk > 1.33 is desirable)

(Ppk > 1.33 is desirable)

Cp and Cpk use Sigma estimator.

Pp, Ppk use standard deviation.

https://www.qimacros.com/process-capability-analysis/cp-cpk-formula/

8/16/2016

Cp Cpk Formula | Pp Ppk Formulas

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One-Sided or Unilateral Specification Limits

Use CpU (USL) or CpL (LSL) for Cpk.

Mistakes to Avoid When Performing Manual Calculations

You can calculate Cp, Cpk and Pp Ppk manually or you can use proven software like QI Macros for
Excel. Based on calls to our tech support line, most people who try to perform manual calculations
or build their own Excel formulas end up with incorrect results.
For example, they use standard deviation instead of sigma estimator for Cp and Cpk. Or they get the
constant wrong based on their sample size. Or they don't understand there are several methods of
calculating sigma estimator.

If you're providing these results to your customers shouldn't you use a tool that's
proven and affordable?

Sigma Estimator Formulas and Calculations Used in QI Macros

Pooled Standard Deviation is the default estimator for QI Macros Cp and Cpk calculations since May
2015.

Between/Within Deviation is an option added to the histogram macro and template in December
2015.

https://www.qimacros.com/process-capability-analysis/cp-cpk-formula/

8/16/2016

Cp Cpk Formula | Pp Ppk Formulas

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Sbar/c4 and Rbar/d2 can still be used by changing the estimator field on the histogram data sheet.

d2 is a constant based on subgroup size

c4 is a constant based on subgroup size
Rbar = Average(Ri) (Average of the Ranges in samples)
sbar = (i)/n

Pp and Ppk Calculations in Weibull Histogram

Unlike the Pp and Ppk calculations which rely on a Normal distribution, the Weibull histogram uses the
WEIBULL (or WEIBULL.DIST) function to calculate the Z-scores for the USL/LSL and from these it
cacluates Pp and Ppk. There is no Cp or Cpk calculation possible in the Weibull Histogram.

https://www.qimacros.com/process-capability-analysis/cp-cpk-formula/

8/16/2016

Cp Cpk Formula | Pp Ppk Formulas

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If there is only a USL or LSL, the Weibull histogram Ppk is either PpU or PpL.

QI Macros Tools that Calculate Cp, Cpk and Pp, Ppk

Histogram (/histogram-excel/) - calculates Cp, Cpk, Pp, Ppk and 20 other metrics using
your data and spec limits.
Weibull Histogram (/histogram-excel/histogram-weibull) - calculates Pp, Ppk and other
metrics using your data and spec limits.
Capability Suite (/process-capability-analysis/capability-suite-excel/) - creates six
charts including histogram, control charts, probability plot, values plot and capability plot.
Also calculates Cp, Cpk and Pp, Ppk.
Cp Cpk Template (/process-capability-analysis/cp-cpk-template/) - calculates Cp, Cpk
and Pp, Ppk on multiple sets of data.

Learn More ...

Process Capability Analysis (/process-capability-analysis/)
Cp Cpk versus Pp Ppk (/process-capability-analysis/cpk-vs-ppk/)
Process Capability Analysis Quick Reference Card (/pdf/process-capability-analysiscard.pdf) (PDF, 172 KB)

Create these charts and diagrams in just seconds using QI

Macros for Excel...
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https://www.qimacros.com/process-capability-analysis/cp-cpk-formula/

8/16/2016