Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
September 7, 2012
Instructions: Answer as many items as you can. Read each question carefully and answer honestly. All
information you need is in this paper. Good luck!
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MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE. Write TRUE if the statement is true. Otherwise, determine what part of
the statement made it false and offer corrections.
1. In the ozone layer, O3(g) absorbs harmful UV radiation and forms oxygen gas and gaseous oxygen
atom. The entropy change for this process is equal to zero.
2. The 4f orbitals can accommodate a maximum of 10 e-.
3. Hesss Law is a consequence of the first law of thermodynamics.
4. On a humid day, we can observe water vapor to condense along the outer wall of cold drink bottles.
The formation of the vapor is an endothermic process.
5. The form of carbon with a Ho formation value of zero is diamond.
6. The azimuthal quantum number tells us how far from the nucleus an electron is.
7. The oxidation state assigned to P in the phosphate ion is +5.
8. In the aluminum atom, the outermost electron has the quantum numbers n=3, l=1, m l=1, and ms=+1/2.
9. qsoln is still part of qcal even if the volumes of the solution used for calibration and calculation are not
constant.
10. XeO2F2 has a trigonal bipyramidal electron group geometry, and a square pyramidal molecular group
geometry.
11. Naphthalene, C10H8, is made up of two benzene rings stacked or glued together. The number of
dominant resonance structures of naphthalene is two.
12. The order of hydrohalidic acids ionic character in increasing order is: I < Br < Cl < F.
13. Prussian blue precipitate from potassium ferricyanide indicates the presence of Fe3+ ions, while from
potassium ferrocyanide indicates the presence of Fe2+ ions.
14. The net dipole moment of water explains sodium chlorides miscibility in it.
15. In excess ammonia, Zn2+ will form a colorless complex [Zn(NH3)2]2+, while in excess NaOH, Zn2+ will
form a colorless complex [Zn(OH)4]2-.
16. Nitrate ion does not exhibit pi bond delocalization.
17. Adding potassium ferricyanide to Zn2+ will form yellow precipitate KZn[Fe(CN)6], while adding potassium
ferrocyanide will form white precipitate KZn3[Fe(CN)6].
18. There will be an exothermic change in heat if the system gives off heat to the surroundings, and the
surroundings does work to the system.
19. An exothermic reaction from low entropy to high entropy will only proceed at high temperatures.
20. If a reaction is endothermic from high entropy to low entropy, the reverse reaction is non-spontaneous.
CAUSE AND EFFECT. Determine the effect of the cause stated in the first column on the parameter in
the second assuming all other variables are held constant.
Effects: Increase, Decrease, No Effect
Cause
Actual molarity of the acid is greater than the
recorded value.
The cylinder used for measuring the base
solution was wet.
The student pulled the thermometer out of the
set-up to take temperature readings.
There is a tiny hole in the cork, exposing the
inside of the calorimeter.
Actual molarity of the base is greater than the
recorded value.
Parameter
Magnitude of
calculated H
Magnitude of
calculated Ccal
Effect
Effect
PROBLEM SOLVING. Read (without underestimation) the problems carefully, and solve for what is
asked. There are ten problems in this part of the review.
50 mL of a wastewater sample near a lead-acid battery explosion site was acidified with 25 mL 6 M
HCl, and was titrated with 32.6 mL of cerium(IV) sulfate solution. The cerium(IV) sulfate solution was prepared
dissolving 250 g of the solid in 800 mL distilled water.
e) If lead(II) and cerium(IV) becomes lead(IV) and cerium(III) during titration, WRITE the balanced
equation of the redox reaction.
f) CALCULATE the concentration of lead(II) ions in the wastewater sample.
a) DRAW the first five periods of the DLRC-Land periodic table based on the information given above
(You just need to draw blocks.)
b) WRITE and DRAW the electronic configuration of DLRC-Land elements 28, 24, and 21. Give the
quantum numbers of their last-entering electron.
c) ARRANGE the following elements by their periodicity. Assume that like elements in Earth, DLRC-Land
elements have their cationic and anionic forms.
a. Atomic Radius: 7-, 162+ 62b. Ionization Energy: 2, 9, 13, 14
d) What rules in covalent bonding does DLRC-Land follow if our planets elements follow the octet rule
and 18-electron rule? EXPLAIN.
e) INDICATE which of the following hypothetical covalent compounds are possible to exist in DLRC-Land.
If possible, DRAW their Lewis structures and indicate the electron-group geometry and moleculargroup geometry in each central atom.
a. (6)(5)3
c. Hypothetical carbon chain (5)3(1)5
b. Hypothetical carbon chain (5)2(1)6
d. Hypothetical anion (13)(7)4 f) GIVE the hybridized DLRC-Land orbital that corresponds to (a) tetrahedral, (b) trigonal bipyramidal, and
(c) octahedral electron-group geometry.
Dessa accidentally placed one drop of L on a tissue paper. The tissue paper acquired a burnt mark.
Based on her lab manual, all fresh (soluble) anionic and cationic samples have molarity of 1.0 M.
When G is added with 5 drops A, a deep red solution formed. When it was added with 5 drops M, a
blue precipitate formed.
When 5 drops of C was added with 5 drops D, a blue precipitate formed, but when mossy zinc was
immersed before adding D, a yellow precipitate formed.
When 5 drops of E was added with 5 drops J, a brown precipitate formed. The precipitate turned
colorless when added with 1 drop of L, but turned green when added with 3 drops of K.
Solid F dissolves into a blue solution when added with L. When added with excess O, the solution
turned deep blue.
Only B and A released a basic gas (by litmus paper test) when added with 2 drops K.
G, N, and P gave a brown ring when the test for nitrate was done.
When 5 drops I was added with 2 drops 0.5 M P, a white precipitate formed, and it dissolved (with
effervescence) in excess Q.
When H was studied for the toluene elimination test, the toluene and aqueous layers turned yellowishbrown.
When 10 mL I was added with 10 mL G, 0.972 g of brown-orange precipitate formed.
When 5 mL N was added with 1 mL of 6 M K, 0.37 g of white precipitate formed.
When 5 mL H was added with 5 mL of 1.0 M silver nitrate, 0.939 g of precipitate formed.
When 10 mL B was added with 5 mL of 0.5 M P, 1.50 g of white precipitate formed, and it dissolved in
excess organic acid Q.
By records in the stock room, solution I was made by dissolving 73.89 g of it in 500 mL distilled water.
By records in the stock room, solution N was made by dissolving 98.45 g of it in 600 mL distilled water.
After doing the said tests and observations, Air Asserc knew the corresponding compounds from A to
Q. GIVE the corresponding compounds from A to Q. (NOTE: Some of the compounds have slight
modifications from the compounds in the Chem 16 manual. Qualitative analysis alone is not enough to solve
the problem.)
another alternative for propellants in space travel, but so far pentazole is known to be unstable and it does not
last longer than a few seconds.
e) DRAW the three most dominant resonance structures of pentazole anion. INDICATE the formal
charges of each atom. GIVE the hybridization overlaps between the five nitrogen atoms for each
resonance structure.
f)
Problem 8: Permanganometry
Permanganometry is a special redox titration that involves the use of permanganates, and it is an
alternative to acid-base titration because permanganates can transform to different manganese species,
depending on the pH of the solution.
Standardization of KMnO4 is done by oxalic acid as the primary standard (You should know the formula
of oxalic acid, based on inorganic nomenclature.) Oxalic acid was prepared by dissolving 0.63 g of oxalic acid
crystals in 100 mL water. 20 mL of 0.1 M sulfuric acid is added to the oxalic acid solution to acidify the medium.
The results of the standardization are as follows:
Trial Starting Point Endpoint
1
0.0 mL
3.7 mL
2
3.7 mL
7.5 mL
3
7.5 mL
11.0 mL
Organic acids (Acids containing C, H, and O) turn into carbon dioxide gas and water during titration.
a) WRITE the balanced redox equation for standardization.
b) CALCULATE the molarity of KMnO4 in each trial, and the average molarity of KMnO4.
A Chem 16 student wants to find out the amount of Ascorbic Acid (MF = C6H8O6) in a sample of orange
juice. A 25 mL orange juice sample was added with 25 mL distilled water, and was titrated with the KMnO4
solution. While titrating, the analyte slowly turned into a solution with brown precipitate.
Trial Starting Point Endpoint
1
0.0 mL
5.6 mL
2
5.6 mL
11.6 mL
3
11.6 mL
17.0 mL
c) WRITE the balanced redox equation for titration of ascorbic acid.
d) CALCULATE the molarity of ascorbic acid in each trial, and the average molarity of ascorbic acid.
Problem 9: Olympicene
Olympicene (MW = 240.286 g/mol) is a special aromatic compound with five carbon rings stacked
together like a benzene ring. It was recently synthesized by Anish Mistry and David Fox of the University of
Warwick only for the purpose of celebrating the London 2012 Olympics.
1.00 g of olympicene (only containing C and H) was burned in excess oxygen and the combustion
yielded 3.48 g carbon dioxide.
a) CALCULATE the molecular formula of olympicene.
10 | D L R C C h e m 1 6 L E 2 S a m p l e x
The picture above is the carbon skeletal structure of olympicine. Based on experiments, only Ring 2
cannot undergo pi-bond delocalization.
b) Can Ring 2 have all of its carbon atoms sp2 hybridized? EXPLAIN.
c) GIVE three possible resonance structures of olympicene by assigning the C and H atoms, and double
bonds.
d) GIVE all possible hybridization overlaps in olympicene.
11 | D L R C C h e m 1 6 L E 2 S a m p l e x