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DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL & INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING SECTION
A PROJECT REPORT
Submitted by
JUNE 2014
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Project titled DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF
STRAIGHT LINE MOTION MECHANISMS is a bonafide record of work
done by:
HILAL KHALIFA MUSABAH AL-MAJRAFI (S101825)
SALIM ABDULLAH RASHID AL-JABRI (S101769)
AHMED SAID AL-MAQBALI (S101699)
and submitted as a partial requirement for the completion of Advanced
Diploma in Mechanical Engineering in the semester - II of academic year
2013-2014.
Signature of Supervisor
(Dr. V. Jayakumar)
(Dr. K. Elangovan)
Signature of HoD/Engg.
(Mr. Nasser Al-Shammakhi)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
1
ABST
RACT
2
These
models
can
be
used
as
working
models
for
better
working
principle
of
four
different
straight
line
mechanisms.
Synthesis aspects of those four mechanisms
The selection of materials required for the work.
The design aspect of the work.
The hands-on experience of variation manufactory process
and operation such as joining, bending, welding, drilling and
cutting process.
6. Assembly of various parts made.
7. Report writing.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter No.
Title
Page No.
ABSTRACT
LIST OF TABLES
INTRODUCTION
OBJECTIVES
PROJECT PLANNING
11
14
20
28
31
REFERENCES
32
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No.
Description of Figure
Page No.
1.1
1.2
4.1
15
4.2
17
4.3
18
4.4
18
5.1
Cutting operation
21
5.2
Cutting operation
21
5.3
Drilling operation
22
5.4
Drilling operation
22
5.5
Grinding operation
23
5.6
Grinding operation
23
5.7
Painting of parts
24
5.8
Painting of parts
24
5.9
25
5.10
25
5.11
26
5.12
26
CHAPTER 1
`
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Straight Line Motion Mechanisms
The mechanisms which are used to trace a straight line path are known as straight line
generators or straight line motion mechanisms.
Classification of straight line generators: The straight line motion mechanisms can be
classified into two main groups, as shown in Fig.1.1.
OD =
Clearly, the diameter OC is constant and for the product OA OB to be constant, OD will
be a constant. In other words, for all positions of A and line OA, tracing point moves along a
straight path BD which is perpendicular to OC produced.
1.3. Remarks
In this project work, we have tried to design and fabricate the following four important
straight line motion mechanisms:
1.
2.
3.
4.
CHAPTER 2
2. OBJECTIVES
The main objectives of the project are given below.
1. To study and understand the principle, application and types of
straight line mechanisms.
2. To do literature review on the knowledge of straight line
mechanisms design.
3. To perform type synthesis and dimensional synthesis of the
following four straight line mechanisms.
1)
Peaucellier Exact Straight Line Mechanism
2)
Chebyshevs Straight Line Mechanism
3)
Roberts Straight Line Mechanism
4)
Watts Straight Line Mechanism
4. To make the appropriate selection of materials required for the work.
5. To carry out various manufacturing operations and processes such
as joining, bending, welding, drilling and cutting processes, which
are required to fabricate the designed mechanisms.
6. To paint and assemble the various parts made.
7. To make a project report detailing all the above activities.
10
CHAPTER 3
11
3. PROJECT PLANNING
To start this project, a meeting with supervisor in the first week was
done to manage the schedule of weekly meetings. The purpose was to
inform the supervisor on the progress of the project and to get guided by
the supervisor to solve any problem or difficulty. Briefing based on the
introduction and next task of the project was given by the supervisor.
Then we made research of literature review with the means of the
internet, available books, published articles and materials that are related
to the title of our project.
Designing phase started off by sketching few models using manual
sketch on A4 papers. We did comparison in order to choose the best
concept.
Following up, is the fabrication of make some method for this
project. Choosing the material, making some list for the material and
dimension is the next stage. Then planning of fabrication process for this
project is the final stage. After that, starting the fabrication processes. It
would take six weeks to get this design and fabrication process alteration
done. Making some analysis and testing for the project. Doing the
correction for any error in this project. Completing the fabrication process
with painting process.
12
Week 8
Activities
Project
Proposal +
Acceptance
Searching
For
Information
+ Materials
Discussion +
Work
Dividing
Fabrication
Process
Testing
Process
Finishing
Process
Report
Writing +
Submission
Quiz +
Presentation
13
CHAPTER 4
14
and
(i)
(ii)
15
(iv)
(v)
Since the Peaucellier mechanism satisfies the required condition, therefore the tracing
point B moves along a straight line perpendicular to OC produced.
4.2. Chebyshev's Straight Line Mechanism
The Chebyshev approximate straight line mechanism is also a four bar linkage
mechanism that is both historically important and also of practical importance. After the
invention of steam engine and straight line mechanism by Watt a range of straight line
mechanisms were designed. Chebyshev's mechanism is the first mechanism to be designed
after Watt's linkage by a Russian Mathematician Pafnuty Chebyshev. This mechanism was
invariable used for linear guidance of the piston and valves.
Like the Watt's Linkage Chebyshev's straight line mechanism is simple in
construction. It is a double rocker and the mid-point of the coupler is the point tracing the
approximate linear path. Chebyshev's mechanism has two critical advantages over Watt's
linkage, via, a very long segment of the path of the coupler midpoint is approximately linear
and both fixed points of the linkage are on the same side of the linear path, which in case of
Watt's linkage are on opposite sides.
The required proportions of the length of members of the linkage (Fig. 4.2) are:
a = 1, b = 2.5 and c = 2.
16
17
18
Materials
Quantity
Milky stickers
Drilling machine
Cutting machine
Spray paint(silver)
Grinding machine
20
Steel Rods
Measurement tape
10
Handles
1&4
8
19
CHAPTER 5
20
21
23
24
25
26
27
CHAPTER 6
28
(ii)
6.3. Discussion
Fabrication of Straight Line Mechanisms are to make different samples of straight line
mechanisms those are designed to use in engineering purposes. It has good weight and
suitable to carry and move. They can help the student to understand how do the mechanisms
work and in short time.
This kind of project can help mechanical and industrial engineering to how can those
mechanisms used in factories and in many machines. There is no machine can works without
any mechanisms controlled them or help them to complete their main objectives of
movement.
There were no enough number of mechanisms in laps in Ibri College of Technology
then we decided to create or design new mechanisms. Now, this shape can give more
advantages in understanding and comprehension.
In this project we tried to make those mechanisms as well as them strong and suitable
to use for long time so, we decided to use thick wood sheet to shape our mechanisms. And
we have used steel rods and nuts and bolts to fix the rods.
29
30
CHAPTER 7
31
that can be used as working models for better understanding the working
principle of various straight line mechanisms. These four models can be
used as a teaching aid by the lecturers teaching the Mechanics of
Machines course to better explain the working principle and synthesis
aspects of mechanisms.
Through this project work, we have learnt the following:
1. The
2.
3.
4.
5.
working
principle
of
four
different
straight
line
mechanisms.
Synthesis aspects of those four mechanisms
The selection of materials required for the work.
The design aspect of the work.
The hands-on experience of variation manufactory process
and operation such as joining, bending, welding, drilling and
cutting process.
6. Assembly of various parts made.
7. Report writing.
Though our idea has worked very well and its performance is very
satisfactory,
this
work
can
be
further
extended
by
using
these
32
REFERENCES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
33