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Timeline of Indian history - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Timeline of Indian history


From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a timeline of Indian history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in
India and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of India. See also
the list of Governors-General of India, list of Prime Ministers of India and Years in India.
This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You
can help by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_Indian_history&
action=edit) with reliably sourced entries.
Millennia 500th BCE 9th BCE 5th BCE 4th BCE 3rd BCE 2nd BCE 1st BCE 1st 2nd 3rd
5000th 90th 75th 70th 45th 43rd 40th 37th 35th 34th 33rd 32nd 31st
30th 29th 28th 27th 26th 25th 24th 23rd 22nd 21st 20th 19th 18th 17th
BC
16th 15th 14th 13th 12th 11th 10th 9th 8th 7th 6th 5th 5th 4th 3rd
Centuries
2nd 1st
AD

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th
18th 19th 20th 21st

Pre 90th century BC

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Year

Date

2,000,000
- 100,000
BC

Event
A skull fragment found in Hathnora in the Narmada Valley in central India indicate that
India might have been inhabited in the Middle Pleistocene era around 250,000 years
ago. Anek R. Sankhyan describes it as "debated and conveniently interpreted as
"evolved" Homo erectus or "archaic".[1] Tools crafted by proto-humans that have been
dated back two million years have been discovered in the northwestern part of the
subcontinent.[2][3] The earliest archaeological site in the subcontinent is the palaeolithic
hominid site in the Soan River valley.[4] Soanian sites are found in the Sivalik region
across what are now India, Pakistan, and Nepal.[5][6][7]
Some of the Bhimbetka shelters were inhabited by Homo erectus more than 100,000
years ago.[8][9]
Dravidian Culture is a prehistoric (aka Paleolithic) culture of South India.[10] It
flourished in the Lower Paleolithic, the earliest subdivision of the Stone Age, about 2.5
million years ago. It is called the Dravidian culture because artifact tools thought to be
related to this culture were first found at sites in Attirampakkam (Attrambakkam=13
13' 50", 79 53' 20"), which is located near Chennai (formerly known as
Madras),Tamil Nadu.[11] Thereafter, tools related to this culture have been found at
various other locations in this region. Bifacial handaxes and cleavers are typical
assemblages recovered of this culture.[12] Flake tools, microliths and other chopping
tools have also been found. Most of these tools were composed of the metamorphic
rock quartzite.[11] The stone tool artifacts in this assemblage have been identified as a
part of the second inter-pluvial period in India.[13]
Evidence for presence of Hominins with Acheulean technology 150,000-100,000 BCE
in Tamil Nadu.[14]
Paleolithic industries in South India Tamil Nadu 30,000 BCE[15]

90th century BC
Year
9,000
BC

Date

Event
Early Neolithic culture with first confirmed semi permanent settlements appeared 9000 years
ago in the Bhimbetka rock shelters in modern Madhya Pradesh, India. Some of the Stone
Age rock paintings found among the Bhimbetka rock shelters are approximately 30,000
years old.[16]
The ancient history of the region includes some of South Asia's oldest settlements[17] and
some of its major civilisations.[18][19]

60th century BC
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6000
BC

Event
Stone carvings of Edakkal Caves in Kerala.

35th century BC
Year

Date

3300
BC

Event
Phase of the Indus Valley Civilization begins. The civilization used an early form of the Indus
signs, the so-called Indus script.

27th century BC
Year

Date

Event

2600
BC

The cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-daro become large metropolises and the civilization
expands to over 2,500 cities and settlements across the whole of Pakistan, much of northern
India, and large parts of Afghanistan,[20] covering a region of around one million square
miles, which was larger than the land area of its contemporaries Egypt and Mesopotamia
combined, and also had superior urban planning and sewage systems. The civilization began
using the mature Indus script for its writing system.

2600
BC

End of the Early Dynastic II Period and the beginning of the Early Dynastic IIIa Period in
Mesopotamia.

2900
BC
2334
BC

Mesopotamian wars of the Early Dynastic period.

26th century BC
Year

Date

Event
Mature Harappan phase of the Indus Valley Civilization begins. The cities of Harappa,
Lothal, Kalibangan, Dholavira, Rakhigarhi and Mohenjo-daro become large metropolises
and the civilization expands to over 2,500 cities and settlements. The civilization began using
the mature Indus script

2600
BC

25th century BC
Year
2500
BC

Date

Event
Dravidian Civilization begins in South India.

18th century BC
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Event

1800
BC

Adichanallur urn-burial site in Tirunelveli district in Tamil Nadu. In 2004, a number of


skeletons dating from around 3,800 years ago.

1800
BC

Indo-Aryan migration

15th century BC
Year

Date

1500
BC

Event
Early Vedic Period (to 1000 BC)

13th century BC
Year

Date

1300
BC

Event
Cemetery H culture comes to an end

12th century BC
Year

Date

1200
BC

Event
Rigveda (to 1000 BC)

11th century BC
The other Vedas come into existence.

10th century BC
1000 BC Middle and Late Vedic period (to 500 BC)
Iron Age India
1000 - 300 BCE-Kanchi district, gold mine of Megalithic sites in South India, Tamil Nadu[21]
Iron Age kingdoms rule India Panchala, Kuru, Kosala, Videha.

9th century BC
Year
877
BC

Date

Event
Birth of Parsvanatha, 23rd Jain Tirthankara (traditional date)

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7th century BC
Year

Date

700
BC

Event
The Upanishads, a sacred text of Hinduism, are written.

6th century BC
Year

Date

600
BC

Event
Sixteen Maha Janapadas ("Great Realms" or "Great Kingdoms") emerge.
Vedic period ends.
The capital of the Early Pandyan Kingdom was initially Korkai, all around 600 BCE, and
was later moved to Koodal (now Madurai) during the reign of Nedunjeliyan I.

599
BC

Mahavira, 24th Tirthankar of Jainism is born (traditional date).

563
BC

Siddhrtha Gautama, Buddha-to-be, is born in Lumbini into a leading royal family in the
republic of the Shakyas, which is now part of Nepal.

543
BC

The odisha based Prince Vijaya (c. 543 BCE) married a daughter of the Pandyan king of
ThenMadurai, to whom he was sending rich presents every year. Sinhalese chronicle
Mahawamsa mentions this event

538
BC

Cyrus the Great, founder of the Persian Achaemenid Empire conquers northwestern parts of
the Indian subcontinent.

527
BC

Nirvana of Mahavira

5th century BC
Year
483
BC

Date

Event
Proposed Mahaparinirvana date of Gautama Buddha at Kushinagar.

4th century BC

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Event

400
BC

Siddharta Gautama 'Buddha' of the Shakya polity in S. Nepal, founds Buddhism (older date:
563483 BC)

350
BC

Panini, a resident of Gandhara, describes the grammar and morphology of Sanskrit in the text
Ashtadhyayi. Panini's standardized Sanskrit is known as Classical Sanskrit.

333
BC

Persian rule in the northwest ends after Darius III is defeated by Alexander the Great, who
establishes the Macedonian Empire after inheriting the Persian Achaemenid Empire.

326
BC

Ambhi king of Takshasheela surrenders to Alexander.


Porus who ruled parts of the Punjab, fought Alexander at the Battle of the Hydaspes River.

321
BC

Mauryan Empire is founded by Chandragupta Maurya in Magadha after he defeats the


Nanda dynasty and Macedonian Seleucid Empire. Mauryan capital city is Pataliputra
(Modern Patna in Bihar)

305
BC

Chandragupta Maurya defeats Seleucus Nicator of the Seleucid Empire.

304
BC

Seleucus gives up his territories in the subcontinent (Afghanistan/Baluchistan) to


Chandragupta in exchange for 500 elephants. Seleucus offers his daughter in marriage to
Chandragupta to seal their friendship.

3rd century BC
Year

Date

Event

273
BC

Ashoka the Great regarded as the greatest ancient Indian emperor, grandson of
Chandragupta Maurya, ascends as emperor of the Mauryan Empire.

266
BC

Ashoka conquers and unifies most of South Asia, along with most of Afghanistan and
Balochistan.[22]

265
BC

Kalinga War takes place between Ashoka and the kingdom of Kalinga.

261
BC
260
BC

After conquering Kalinga, Ashoka reportedly regrets what he had done, leading him to adopt
Buddhism, which then became the quasi-official state religion of the Mauryan Empire.
Conquest of Kalinga
Ashoka begins displaying religious tolerance, grants animal rights, builds hospitals for people
and animals, treats his subjects as equals regardless of caste or creed, and promotes nonviolence and republicanism.
Ashoka inscribes the Edicts of Ashoka, written down using Brahmi script.

232
BC

Ashoka dies and is succeeded by Kunala.

230
BC

Simuka declares independence from Mauryan rule and establishes the Satavahana Empire.

2nd century BC
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200
BC

Event
Kuninda Kingdom is established.
Tholkappiyam describes the grammar and morphology of Tamil; it is the oldest existing Tamil
grammar (dates vary between 200 BCE and 100 CE). (to 100 BC)

184
BC

The Mauryan Empire, which shrunk considerably, collapses after its emperor Brihadrata is
assassinated by his general Pushyamitra Shunga. Pushyamitra Shunga then establishes the
Shunga dynasty.

180
BC

Establishment of the Indo-Greek kingdom.

1st century BC
Year

Date

Event

80
BC

Establishment of the Indo-Scythian kingdom.

65
BC

The Pandyan king sends ambassadors to the Greek and Roman lands.

57
BC

Beginning of Vikram Era

1st century
Year

Date

Event

10

Establishment of the Indo-Parthian kingdom.

35

Western Satraps formed.

68

Establishment of the Kushan empire by Kujula Kadphises.

78

Gautamiputra Satkarni becomes Satavahana emperor and starts Shalivahana era calendar
after defeating Scythian king Maues.

90

Sung jae has established kingdom.

3rd century
Year
240

Date

Event
Sri-Gupta starts the Gupta Empire in Magadha, with its capital in Pataliputra

4th century

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Event

320

Chandragupta I ascends the Gupta throne.

335

Samudragupta ascends the Gupta throne and expands the empire.

380

Chandragupta II, Samudragupta's son becomes the Gupta Emperor.

5th century
Year

Date

450

Event
Invasions by the Huna.

6th century
Year

Date

554

Event
Collapse of Gupta Empire after the death of skandagupta.

7th century
Year

Date

Event

606

Harshavardhana crowned Monarch.

637

Badami Chalukya power at its peak. Pulakeshin II pushes north up to the Narmada and
defeats the invading Harshavardhana of Kanauj

8th century
Year

Date

Event

700

According to the Qissa-i Sanjan, the immigrants Parsi are granted permission to stay by the
local ruler Jadi Rana

712

First Muslim, Muhammad Bin Qasim defeats Raja Dahir

736

Delhi is re-established by Bilan Deo Tomar also known as Anangpal Tomar

753

Establishment of Rashtrakuta Kingdom of Manyakhet by Danti Durga by defeating


Chalukyas of Badami

788

Birth of Adi Shankaracharya

9th century

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Event

814

Nripatunga Amoghavarsha I becomes Rashtrakuta emperor. Kannada literature flourishes.

836

Gurjara-Pratihara (to 910)

985

Rajaraja Chola ascends to the throne of Chola empire. He expands the empire to Sri Lanka
and to the north to include Kalinga kingdom

10th century
Year

Date

1000

Event
Invasion of Mahmud of Ghazni

11th century
Year

Date

Event

1014

Rajendra Chola I became the king of Chola empire after his father Rajaraja Chola. During
his reign, he extended the influences of the already vast Chola empire up to the banks of the
river Ganges in the north and across the ocean. Rajendras territories extended coastal
Burma, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep, Maldives, conquered the kings of
Srivijaya (Sumatra, Java and Malay Peninsula in South East Asia) and Pegu islands with his
fleet of ships. He defeated Mahipala, the Pala king of Bengal and Bihar, and to
commemorate his victory he built a new capital called Gangaikonda Cholapuram. The
Cholas became one of the most powerful dynasties in Asia during his reign. The Tamil Chola
armies exacted tribute from Thailand and the Khmer kingdom of Cambodia. Rajendra Chola
I was the first Indian king to take his armies overseas and make conquests of these
territories, even though there is epigraphical evidence of Pallava presence in these very areas.

1021

Mahmud Ghazni defeats Tarnochalpal and annexes Punjab

1025

Last invasion of Mahmud Ghazni, sacked and destroyed temple of Somnath

1030

Alberuni arrives in India; death of Mahmud of Ghazni

1058

Sumra Dynasty ends the Arab domination and establishes its own rule over Sindh.

12th century

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Event

1120

Kalyani Chalukyas power at its peak. Vikramaditya VI ushers in Vikrama Chalukya era.

1134

Life of Basaveshwara, philosopher and social reformer. (to 1196)

1157

The Kalachuris under Bijjala II capture Kalyani

1175

Mohammed Ghauri invades India.[23]

1191

"Victory of Prithviraj Chauhan". First battle of Tarain between Mohammed Ghori and
Prithviraj III. Ghauri is defeated by Prithivi Raj Chauhan III.

1192

"Victory of Mohammed Ghauri". Second battle of Tarain fought between Ghauri and Prithivi
Raj Chauhan III. Prithvi Raj Chauhan III is defeated by Mhammed Ghori.

1194

Battle of Chandawar fought between Ghauri and Jaichand of Kannauj. Ghauri defeated
Jayachandra and killed him.

13th century
Year

Date

Event

1206 15 March Gakhars kill Muhammad Ghori during a raid on his camp on the Jhelum River
1206 12 June

Qutb-ud-din Aibak establishes slave Dynasty later to be known as Delhi Sultanate

1210

Qutb-ud-din Aibak died while playing polo.

1221

Genghis Khan invades Punjab

1237

Sri Madhwaharya born in Pajaka near Udupi, Karnataka

1240

14
Murder of Razia Sultan by Turkish nobles.
October

1267

The Mahanubhava philosophy established by Chakradhar Swami.

1275

Birth of Saint Dyaneshwara.

1290

Murder of Muiz ud din Qaiqabad.

14th century

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1310

Ala-ud-din Khilji's army under Malik Kafur occupies Devagiri ending the Seuna Yadava
Kingdom

1323

Ulugh Khan defeats Prataparudra II ending the Kakatiya dynasty

1336

Vijayanagara Empire established by Harihara I and his brother Bukka Raya I

1343

Veera Ballala III was killed at the Battle of Madurai.

1347

Governor Hasan Gangu revolts against Muhammad bin Tughluq founding the Bahmani
Sultanate

1351

Samma Dynasty assumes rule over Sindh

1370

Bukka, the Vijayanagara ruler and his son Kumara Kamapna capture the entire Tamil
speaking parts.

1398

Timur plunders Lahore

15th century
Year

Date

Event

1401

Dilawar Khan establishes the Malwa Sultanate in present-day northern India

1407

Zafar Khan: governor of Gujarat, declares himself as Sultan Muzaffar Shah founding the
Gujarat Sultanate/Muzaffarid dynasty

1414

Khizr Khan, deputized by Timur to be the governor of Multan takes over Delhi founding the
Sayyid dynasty

1424

Deva Raya II succeeded his father Veera Vijaya Bukka Raya as monarch of the
Vijayanagara Empire

1443

Abdur Razzaq visits India

1446

Mallikarjuna Raya succeeds his father Deva Raya II

1451 19 April Bahlul Khan Lodhi ascends the throne of the Delhi sultanate starting the Lodhi dynasty
1469 15 April Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism is born
1483

14
Birth of Babur in Andijan, Fergana Valley in Central Asia
February

1485

Saluva Narasimha Deva Raya drives out Praudha Raya ending the Sangama Dynasty

1486

Advent of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, founder of Gaudiya Vaishnavism and leader of the


world's first civil disobedience movement, in Navadwip, West Bengal

1490

Ahmadnagar declares independence, followed by Bijapur and Berar in the same year thus
breaking up the Bahmani Sultanate.

1494 9 June

Babur becomes the King

1498 20 May

Vasco de Gama's first voyage from Europe to India and back (to 1499)

16th century
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1503

Kingdom of Kochi is taken over by the Portuguese creating the first European settlement in
India.

1508

The Christian-Islamic power struggle in Europe and the Middle East. Spills over into the
Indian Ocean as Battle of Chaul during the Portuguese-Mamluk War

1509

3
February

Battle of Diu marks the beginning of the dominance of the Europeans in the Asian naval
theater.

1510

Portuguese India (to 1961)

1522

Portuguese land on the Coromandel Coast

1526 21 April

Sultan Ibrahim Lodi, of the Delhi Sultanate, angers local nobles, who respond by inviting
Babur, the Mughal ruler of Kabul, to invade Delhi and Agra. The local population, plus the
possession of artillery, assists Babur in killing the Sultan (whose soldiers desert him) at the
Battle of Panipat.

1527 17 March

Babur bribes Mewar general Silhadi promising Silhadi a kingdom, if Silhadi betrays Mewar
King Rana Sanga in Battle of Khanwa, thus leading to the annexation of Mewar.

1530

Babur[9] completes his Baburnama, reflecting on society, politics, economics, history,


geography, nature, flora and fauna, which to this day is a standard textbook in 25 countries.
Babur dies, and is succeeded by his son Humayun.

1539

Battle of Chausa fought between Humayun and Sher Shah Suri in which Humayun defeated.
Guru Angad Dev becomes second guru of Sikhs.

1540

Battle of Kannauj fought between Humayun and Sher Shah Suri and Humayun was
completely defeated. Humayun lost the Mughal empire to Afghans (Suri Dynasty), and
passed 12 years in exile.
Birth of Maharana Pratap Singh of Mewar ( son of Maharana Udai Singh II )

1545 22 May

Death of Sher Shah Suri and succeeded by Islam Shah Suri.

1552 26 March Guru Amar Das becomes third Guru of Sikhs.


1554

22
Death of Islam Shah Suri.
November

1555

Humayun regained the throne of Delhi from the hands of weak successors of Sher Shah.

1556

Humayun converts from Sunni Islam to Shia Islam, to gain the alliance of the Shah of Persia.
Humayun dies, and is succeeded by his son Akbar.
Hindu king Hemu establishes 'Hindu Raj' in North India and bestowed with title of
"Vikramaditya"; Second Battle of Panipat fought between Hemu and Akbar's forces in
which Hemu is killed.

1565 26 January Battle of Talikota results in the rout of Vijayanagara empire.


1572

Akbar the Great annexes Gujarat, also shifts the Mughal capital to Fatehpur Sikri where a
new township and citadel containing buildings of a unique all-India characterinspired by
the architecture of Bengal, Gujarat, Malwa, Kashmir as well as the Timurid worldis born.

1574 1
Guru Ram Das becomes fourth Guru of Sikhs.
September
Akbar annexes Bengal.
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1
Guru Arjan Dev becomes fifth Guru of Sikhs.
September
Akbar annexes Kashmir.

31
1600 December East India company is formed in England. Gets exclusive trading rights with India.

17th century

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Year

Date

Event

1605

27
October

Akbar dies, and is succeeded by his son Jahangir.

1606 25 May

Guru Hargobind becomes sixth guru of Sikhs.

1612 30
British India (to 1947)
November
East India Company (to 1857 - Indian Rebellion of 1857, Meerut)
1628

Jehangir announces "Chain of Justice" outside his palace that anyone can ring the bell and
get a personal hearing with the emperor. Jehangir dies, and is succeeded by his son Shah
Jahan.

1627 February

Birth of Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj.

1644 8 March

Guru Har Rai becomes seventh guru of Sikhs


Shivaji takes oath of Independence at Raireshwar.

1658

Shah Jahan completes Taj Mahal, Jama Masjid, and Red Fort. Imperial treasuries drained
by architectural and military overexpenditures. Shah Jahan dies, and is succeeded by his son
Aurangzeb.

1659

Shivaji's ill-equipped and small Maratha army defeat mighty Adilshahi troops at the Battle of
Pratapgarh in a major upset in Indian history. Shivaji personally kills Adilshahi commander
Afzal Khan (general).

1661 6 October Guru Har Krishan becomes eight guru of Sikhs.


Guru Tegh Bahadur becomes ninth Guru of Sikhs.
1665 20 March
1674

Forces led by Shivaji defeat Aurangzeb's troops, and establishes Maratha Empire.

1675

Guru Tegh Bahadur, the ninth Guru of Sikhs is executed in Delhi by the order of Aurangzeb
for his support for the Kashmiri Hindus to practice their religion.Guru Gobind Singh
becomes tenth Guru of Sikhs.

1680

3 April

Shivaji dies of fever at Raigad.

20 July

Sambhaji becomes 2nd Chhatrapati of the Maratha Empire

1681

Aurangzeb invades the Deccan

1689 11 March Chatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj dies.


1696

20
Danish India (to 1869)
November

1699

Guru Gobind Singh, the 10th Guru of Sikhs creates Khalsa, the saint-soldier at Anandpur
Sahib, Punjab.

1700 3 March

Rajaram Chhatrapati dies

18th century
Year

Date

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1705

Mughal army arrested for the act.

1707 3 March

Death of Aurangzeb the mughal emperor.

1708 7 October Guru Granth Sahib becomes Guru of Sikhs.

1721

March October

Attingal Outbreak takes place

1314
Madras cyclone occurs
November

1749

The Maratha Peshwa (prime minister) usurps the Maratha kingdom, starting a new dynastic
rule based in Pune.

1757 23 June

Battle of Plassey
Company rule in India (to 1858)

1759

French India (to 1954)

1760

Marathas comprehensively defeat the Nizam, Maratha Empire reaches its zenith.

1760

Battle at Wandewash, British troops beat French

1761

The Marathas are routed in the Third Battle of Panipat on 14 January 1761, by the Afghans
led by Ahmad Shah Durrani, an ethnic Pashtun, also known as Ahmad Shah Abdali. The
battle is considered one of the largest battles fought in the 18th century.

1764

22
October

Battle of Buxar (British victory against allied Mughal, Bengal and Oudh forces)

1765 12 August Princely states (to 15 August 1947)


1767

First Anglo-Mysore War begins, in which Haidar Ali of Mysore defeats the combined
armies of the East India Company, the Marathas and the Nizam of Hyderabad.

1771

Marathas re-captures Delhi and parts of North India.

1772 22 May

Ram Mohan Roy Born (to 1833)

1773

Narayanrao Peshwa is murdered by his uncle Raghunathrao's wife in front of Raghunathrao.


Regulating Act of 1773
Warren Hastings appointed as first Governor-General of India

1774

Chief Justice of the Maratha Empire, Ram Shastri passes death sentence against the ruling
Peshwa Raghunathrao for murdering his nephew.

1775

First Anglo-Maratha War

1779

Maratha sardar Mahadji Shinde routs the East India Company army at the Battle of
Wadgaon War ends with the restoration of status quo as per Treaty of Salbai.

1780

Second Anglo-Mysore War begins.

1784

Second Anglo-Mysore War ends with the Treaty of Mangalore.

1786

District collectors in Bengal were made responsible for settling the revenue and collecting it.

1789

Third Anglo-Mysore War begins.

1790

The Marathas under Holkar and General de Boigne defeat the Rajputs of Jaipur and
Mughals at the Battle of Patan, where 3000+ Rajput cavalry is killed and the entire Mughal
unit vanquished. The defeat crushes Rajput hope of independence from external influence

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1792

Third Anglo-Mysore War ends.

1795 13 August Death of Ahilyabai Holkar


1796

Ching-Thang Khomba moves Manipur's capital to Kangla

1798

Fourth Anglo-Mysore War begins.

1799

Fourth Anglo-Mysore War ends with the death of Tipu Sultan, the victory of the East India
Company, and the restoration of their ally, the Wodeyar dynasty of Mysore.
Polygar War

1800 13 March Death of Nana Fadnavis

19th century
Year

Date

Event

1801

Maharaja Ranjit Singh establishes Khalsa rule of Punjab from Lahore. Khalsa army
liberates Kashmiri Pundits and invades Afghanistan through Khyber Pass.

1803

Second Anglo-Maratha War begins

1805

Second Anglo-Maratha War ends

1806

Vellore Mutiny

1809

East India Company signs the first Treaty of Amritsar with Ranjit Singh

1811 28 October

Death of Yashwantrao Holkar

1814

"Atmiya Sabha" Established by Raja Ram Mohan Roy


Third Anglo-Maratha War begins

1817

Establishment of Hindu College (Presidency College, now Presidency University,


Kolkata)

1818

Third Anglo-Maratha War ends with the defeat of Bajirao II and the end of the
Maratha Empire leaving the East India Company with control of almost the whole of
India

1820 September

Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar is born (to 1891)

1823

AngloBurmese Wars (to 1826)

1824 12 February

Dayananda Saraswati is born (to 1883)

1826

British rule in Burma (to 1947)

1836

Sri Ramakrishna Paramhansa is born (to 1886)

1839

First Anglo-Afghan War

1845

First Anglo-Sikh Wars (to 1849)


4 November

Vasudev Balwant Phadke is born (to 1883)

1853

Started Post Service

1853 16 April

First Railway estalblished between Bombay and Thane

1855 30 June

Santhal rebellion

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1856 25 July

Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act, 1856

23 July

Bal Gangadhar Tilak is born (to 1920)

20 August

Narayana Guru is born (to 1928)

1857 10 May

Indian Rebellion of 1857


Established first three University of Mumbai, University of Madras and University of
Calcutta in India

1858 1 November

British Raj (to 1947)

7 November

Bipin Chandra Pal is born (to 1932)

1859 18 April

Death of Tatya Tope

1861 7 May

Rabindranath Tagore is born.

1863 12 January

Swami Vivekanand is born (to 1902)

1865 28 January

Lala Lajpat Rai is born (to 1928)

The high
courts of
Calcutta,
Madras, and
Bombay are
established.[24]
1867

"Prarthana Samaj" Established Earlier known as "Atmiya Sabha"


Mahatma Gandhi is born (to 30 January 1948)

1869 2 October

Thakkar Bapa is Born (to 1951)

1873 24 September "Satyashodhak Samaj" is a society established by Jyotirao Phule


1875

"Arya Samaj" Established


Aligarh Muslim University
Deccan Riots

1877 1 January

Delhi Durbar First time

1885 28 December Indian National Congress Established[25]


1889 3 December

Khudiram Bose is born (to 1908)

1891 14 April

B. R. Ambedkar is born (to 1956)

1897 23 January

Subhas Chandra Bose is born (to 1945)1st finger print bureau of India est in kolkata.

1899

"Mithra Mela" Established by V.D.Savarkar.

20th century
Year

Date

Event

1902

Anushilan Samiti, organized revolutionary association formed.

1903

British Expedition to Tibet

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Delhi Durbar Second Time.


1905 16 October Partition of Bengal
1906

Jugantar formed.
30
December

Muslim League formed in Dacca.

1907

Surat Split

1908

Alipore bomb case

1909

Morley-Minto Reforms

1911

Cancellation of Partition of Bengal


Delhi Durbar Third Time

1911 12
December

British government change capital city from Calcutta to Delhi.[26]

1912

Delhi conspiracy case

1913

Gadar Party formed.


Rabindranath Tagore won Nobel Prize in Literature

1914

HinduGerman Conspiracy

1915

Ghadar conspiracy
Provisional Government of India formed in Kabul.
Mahatma Gandhi returns to India.

1916

Lucknow Pact

1917

Champaran and Kheda Satyagraha

1919

Jallianwala Bagh massacre


MontaguChelmsford Reforms
Rowlatt Act is passed

1920

Non-cooperation movement Khilafat Movement

1922 5 February Chauri Chaura incident


1924

Hindustan Socialist Republican Association is formed

1925 9 August

Kakori conspiracy

1927 November Simon Commission


1928

Bardoli Satyagraha

1929

Central Assembly Bombed by Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt.


Purna Swaraj resolution.

1930

Salt Satyagraha, the civil disobedience movement, begins with the Dandi march
Round Table Conferences (India) First

1931 March
23 March

GandhiIrwin Pact
Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev Martyred

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September
December Round Table Conferences (India) Second
1932 24
Poona Pact
September
16 August

Communal Award

November
Round Table Conferences (India) Third
December
1935 August

Government of India Act 1935

1937

Indian provincial elections, 1937

1939

All India Forward Bloc Established by Subhas Chandra Bose

1940 23 March

Lahore Resolution

8 August
1942

August offer 1940


Quit India Movement

Late March Cripps' mission


August

Indian National Army Established by Subhas Chandra Bose

1943

Arzi Hukumat-e-Azad Hind, the Provisional Government of Free India formed by Netaji.

1944

Subhas Chandra Bose calls Mahatma Gandhi as the Father of the Nation.

1945

Wavell Plan Simla Conference.

1946 February

Royal Indian Navy Mutiny

March

Cabinet Mission

16 August

Direct Action Day/Great Calcutta Killings

1947 July

Indian Independence Act 1947 by British Raj.


Partition of India and Pakistan becomes an independent state on 14 August 1947.[25]
Freedom from British Raj.
Hundreds of thousands die in widespread communal bloodshed after partition. (to 1948)

1948 30 January Mahatma Gandhi assassinated by a right wing Hindu nationalist Nathuram Godse.
War with Pakistan over disputed territory of Kashmir.
Telangana and other princely states integrated in Indian union
1950 26 January India became Republic.
1951

Congress Party wins first general elections under leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru. (to
1952)

1955

Nationalisation of Indian Insurance Sector. Establishment of LIC.

1962

war over disputed territory of Kashmir[25] with China.


India won Diu, Daman and Goa from Portuguese India.

1964 27 May
1965

Death of Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru.

623
Second war with Pakistan over Kashmir.
September

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1966

Nehru's daughter Indira Gandhi becomes prime minister.

1971

Third war with Pakistan over creation of Bangladesh, formerly East Pakistan.
Twenty-year treaty of friendship signed with Soviet Union.

1974

India explodes first nuclear device in underground test.

1975

Indira Gandhi declares state of emergency after being found guilty of electoral malpractice.
Nearly 1,000 political opponents imprisoned and programme of compulsory birth control
introduced. (to 1977)

1977

Indira Gandhi's Congress Party loses general elections. Janata Party comes to
power.Communist party of India comes into power in West Bengal.

1979

Janata Party Splits. Chaudhary Charan Singh becomes Prime Minister.

1980

Indira Gandhi returns to power heading Congress party splinter group, Congress (Indira).

1983

N. T. Rama Rao NTR's 9 month old Telugu Desam Comes in to Power in AP marks a
new Challenger post Loknayak Jayprakash Narayan against Indira

1984

Troops storm Golden Temple - Sikhs' most holy shrine (after Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale
amasses weapons inside this Holy Shrine)- to flush out Sikh terrorist pressing for self-rule,
called Operation Blue Star. "Anti-Sikh Riots 1984".
Indira Gandhi assassinated by Sikh bodyguards, following which her son, Rajiv, takes
over.
Many Sikhs were killed due to the assassination of Indira Gandhi. see 1984 anti-Sikh
riots.

1987

India deploys troops for peacekeeping operation in Sri Lanka's ethnic conflict.

1988

SEBI was established by The Government of India on 12 April 1988 and given statutory
powers in 1992 with SEBI Act 1992 being passed by the Indian Parliament.

1989

Falling public support leads to Congress defeat in general election.

1989

National Front (India) Headed by V. P. Singh and led by Janata Dal formed and stormed
into power with outside support from BJP and CPI.

1990

Muslim separatist groups begin campaign of violence in Kashmir.

1991

Rajiv Gandhi assassinated by suicide bomber sympathetic to Sri Lanka's Tamil Tigers.
Economic reform programme begun by Prime Minister P.V. Narasimha Rao.

1992

Babri Mosque in Ayodhya is demolished, triggering widespread Hindu-Muslim violence.


Over 200 people die in Cuttack in Odisha, after drinking illegally brewed liquor in the
1992 Odisha liquor deaths incident.

1995 July

West Bengal Chief Minister Jyoti Basu made the first call from Kolkata to inaugurate the
cellular services in India

1996

Congress suffers worst ever electoral defeat as Hindu nationalist BJP emerges as largest
single party.

1996 August

The Amarnath Yatra tragedy in which at least 194 pilgrims are reported to have frozen to
death in northern Kashmir after being stranded by violent rain and snow storms.

1998

BJP forms coalition government under Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee.

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India carries out nuclear tests, leading to widespread international condemnation.


1999

February

Vajpayee makes historic bus trip to Pakistan to meet Premier Nawaz Sharif and to sign
bilateral Lahore peace declaration.

May

Tension in Kashmir leads to brief war with Pakistan-backed forces in the icy heights
around Kargil in Indian-held Kashmir.

October

Cyclone devastates eastern state of Odisha, leaving at least 10,000 dead.

2000 March

US President Bill Clinton makes a groundbreaking visit to improve ties.

May

India marks the birth of its billionth citizen.

21st century
Year

Date

2001

Event
A high-powered rocket is launched, adding India to the club of
countries able to fire big satellites deep into space.

January

Massive earthquakes hit the western state of Gujarat, leaving at least


30,000 dead.

July

Vajpayee meets Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf in the first


summit between the two neighbours in more than two years. The
meeting ends without a breakthrough or even a joint statement because
of differences over Kashmir.

July

Vajpayee's BJP party declines his offer to resign over a number of


political scandals and the apparent failure of his talks with Pakistani
President Musharraf.

US lifts sanctions which it imposed against India and Pakistan after they
September staged nuclear tests in 1998. The move is seen as a reward for their
support for the US-led anti-terror campaign.
October

India and Pakistan fire at each other's military posts in the heaviest
firing along the dividing line of control in Kashmir for almost a year.[27]

October

Pakistani forces shelled the village of Arnia about three km (two miles)
from the border in the early hours of Monday June 6, killing five and
wounding at least two dozen civilians.[27]

December

Suicide squad attacks parliament in New Delhi, killing several police.


The five gunmen die in the assault.

India imposes sanctions against Pakistan, to force it to take action


against two Kashmir militant groups blamed for the suicide attack on
December
parliament. Pakistan retaliates with similar sanctions, and bans the
groups in January.
December
2002

India, Pakistan mass troops on common border amid mounting fears of


a looming war.
War of words between Indian and Pakistani leaders intensifies. Actual
war seems imminent.

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January

India successfully test-fires a nuclear-capable ballistic missile - the Agni


- off its eastern coast.

February

Inter-religious bloodshed breaks out after 59 Hindu pilgrims returning


from Ayodhya are killed in a train fire in Godhra, Gujarat. More than
1,000 people, die in subsequent riots. (Police and officials blamed the
fire on a Muslim mob; a 2005 government investigation said it was an
accident, though later court and SIT report held Muslim mob
responsible.)

May

Pakistan test-fires three medium-range surface-to-surface Ghauri


missiles, which are capable of carrying nuclear warheads.

June

UK, US urge their citizens to leave India and Pakistan, while


maintaining diplomatic offensive to avert war.

July

Retired scientist and architect of India's missile programme A.P.J.


Abdul Kalam is elected president.

2003
August

November

India matches Pakistan's declaration of a Kashmir ceasefire.

December

India, Pakistan agree to resume direct air links and to allow overflights.

2004

January

Groundbreaking meeting is held between government and moderate


Kashmir separatists.

May

Surprise victory for Congress Party in general elections. Manmohan


Singh is sworn in as prime minister.

September

India, along with Brazil, Germany and Japan, launches an application


for a permanent seat on the UN Security Council.

At least 50
people are
killed in two
simultaneous
bomb blasts
in Bombay.

November India begins to withdraw some of its troops from Kashmir.


Thousands are killed when tsunami tidal waves, caused by the 2004
December Indian Ocean earthquake off the Indonesian coast, devastate coastal
communities in the south and in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
2005

2006

2007

July

More than 1,000 people are killed in floods and landslides caused by
monsoon rains in Mumbai (Bombay) and Maharashtra region.

8 October

An earthquake, with its epicentre in Pakistani-administered Kashmir,


kills more than 1,000 people in Indian-administered Kashmir.

February

India's largest-ever rural jobs scheme is launched, aimed at lifting


around 60 million families out of poverty.

March

US and India sign a nuclear agreement during a visit by US President


George W Bush. The US gives India access to civilian nuclear
technology while India agrees to greater scrutiny for its nuclear
programme.
India and Pakistan sign an agreement aimed at reducing the risk of

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February

accidental nuclear war.

18
February

68 passengers, most of them Pakistanis, are killed by bomb blasts and


a blaze on a train travelling from New Delhi to the Pakistani city of
Lahore.

March

Maoist rebels in Chhattisgarh state kill more than 50 policemen in a


dawn attack.

April

India's first commercial space rocket is launched, carrying an Italian


satellite.

May

Government announces its strongest economic growth figures for 20


years - 9.4% in the year to March.

May

At least nine people are killed in a bomb explosion at the main mosque
in Hyderabad. Several others are killed in subsequent rioting.

July

India says the number of its people with HIV or AIDS is about half of
earlier official tallies. Health ministry figures put the total at between 2
million and 3.1 million cases, compared with previous estimates of
more than 5 million.

July

Pratibha Patil becomes first woman to be elected president of India.

July

Series of explosions kills 49 in Ahmedabad, in Gujarat state. The littleknown group Indian Mujahideen claims responsibility.

October

Following approval by the US Congress, President George W Bush


signs into law a nuclear deal with India, which ends a three-decade ban
on US nuclear trade with Delhi.

October

India successfully launches its first mission to the moon, the unmanned
lunar probe Chandrayaan-1.

Nearly 200 people are killed and hundreds injured in a series of


coordinated attacks by gunmen on the main tourist and business area of
November India's financial capital Mumbai. India blames militants from Pakistan
for the attacks and demands that Islamabad take strong action against
those responsible.

2009

2010

December

India announces "pause" in peace process with Pakistan. Indian cricket


team cancels planned tour of Pakistan.

February

India and Russia sign deals worth $700 million, according to which
Moscow will supply uranium to Delhi.

April

Trial of sole surviving suspect in Mumbai attacks begins.

May

Resounding general election victory gives governing Congress-led


alliance of PM Manmohan Singh an enhanced position in parliament,
only 11 seats short of an absolute majority.

July

Delhi court decriminalizes gay sex

February

16 people are killed in a bomb explosion at German Bakery in the city


of Pune, Maharashtra.

May

Surviving gunman of 2008 Mumbai attacks is convicted of murder,

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possession of explosives and waging war


2011
2012

May

After 34 years of Left Front Government, Trinamool Congress and


Congress alliance come to power in West Bengal

July

Pranab Mukherjee, the former Finance Minister is elected as the 13th


president of India.

Ajmal Kasab the lone surviving gunman of 2008 Mumbai attacks is


November hanged on 21 November 2012 at 7:30 in at Yerwada Jail.
2013

12
February

Indian helicopter bribery scandal comes to light.

21
February

Terror attacks on Hyderabad in Dilsukhnagar area.

Mars Orbiter Mission, is successfully launched into Mars orbit by the


5
November Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).[28][29][30]
2014

16 May

Narendra Modi elected as prime minister of India, Congress was


routed in the general elections.

2 June

Telangana The state of Telangana was officially formed on 2 June


2014.

2015

14 Feb

Arvind Kejriwal elected as Chief minister of Delhi

2016

25
January

Terror Attacks on Pathankot Air Base.[31]

See also
Timeline of Mumbai history
Timeline of Ahmedabad
Chronology of Tamil history
Timeline of Buddhism (563 BCE present)
Timeline of Ayyavazhi history
Timeline of Jainism
Sikh Gurus (14691666)
History of cricket (1066present)
Hindu units of time
Tamil units of measurement

References
1. Sankhyan, Anek R. (2013). "The Emergence of Homo sapiens in South Asia: The Central Narmada Valley as
Witness" (PDF). Human Biology Review 2 (2): 136152.
2. "Palaeolithic and Pleistocene of Pakistan". Department of Archaeology, University of Sheffield. Retrieved
2007-12-01.
3. Murray, Tim (1999). Time and archaeology. London; New York: Routledge. p. 84. ISBN 0-415-11762-3.
4. Rendell, H. R.; Dennell, R. W.; Halim, M. (1989). Pleistocene and Palaeolithic Investigations in the Soan
Valley, Northern Pakistan. British Archaeological Reports International Series. Cambridge University Press.
p. 364. ISBN 0-86054-691-8. OCLC 29222688.
5. Parth R. Chauhan. Distribution of Acheulian sites in the Siwalik region (http://www.assemblage.group.shef.ac.u
k/issue7/chauhan.html#distribution). An Overview of the Siwalik Acheulian & Reconsidering Its Chronological

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k/issue7/chauhan.html#distribution). An Overview of the Siwalik Acheulian & Reconsidering Its Chronological


Relationship with the Soanian A Theoretical Perspective.
Is the Soanian techno-complex a Mode 1 or Mode 3 phenomenon? A morphometric assessment (http://www.s
ciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WH8-4MMP62G-1&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=s
earch&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1117498661&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C00005022
1&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=a53c5f91c02c446c7398bd50920a5c65)
Distribution of Acheulian sites in the Siwalik region (http://www.assemblage.group.shef.ac.uk/issue7/chauhan.h
tml#distribution)
Javid, Ali and Javeed, Tabassum. World Heritage Monuments and Related Edifices in India. 2008, page 19
http://originsnet.org/bimb1gallery/index.htm
Avari, Burjor (5 June 2007). India, the Ancient Past: a history of the Indian sub-continent from c. 7000 BC to
AD 1200. Routledge. pp. 25. ISBN 978-0-415-35616-9. Retrieved 16 October 2011.
Sen, Sailendra Nath (1 January 1999). Ancient Indian History and Civilization. New Age International.
pp. 23. ISBN 978-81-224-1198-0. Retrieved 16 October 2011.
Reddy (1 December 2006). Indian Hist (Opt). Tata McGraw-Hill Education. pp. 1. ISBN 978-0-07-063577-7.
Retrieved 16 October 2011.
Tribal Studies (2007). Mibang, Tamo; Behera, M. C. Mittal Publications. India.
Pappu, Shanni; et al. "Early Pleistocene Presence of Acheulian Hominins in South India". Science Magazine.
Retrieved 12 April 2014.
"Excavations at the Palaeolithic Site of Attirampakkam, South India". Antiquity journal. September 2003.
Retrieved 17 May 2013.
Klaus K. Klostermaier (1989), A survey of Hinduism, SUNY Press, ISBN 0-88706-807-3, "... prehistoric cave
paintings at Bhimbetka (ca. 30000 BCE) ..."
Coppa, A.; Bondioli, L; Cucina, A; Frayer, D. W.; Jarrige, C.; Jarrige, J. F.; Quivron, G; Rossi, M.; Vidale, M;
Macchiarelli, R. (6 April 2006). "Palaeontology: Early Neolithic tradition of dentistry" (PDF). Nature 440 (7085):
755756. doi:10.1038/440755a. PMID 16598247. Retrieved 2007-11-22.
Possehl, G. L. (October 1990). "Revolution in the Urban Revolution: The Emergence of Indus Urbanisation".
Annual Review of Anthropology 19 (1): 261282. doi:10.1146/annurev.an.19.100190.001401. Retrieved
2007-05-06.
Kenoyer, Jonathan Mark; Heuston, Kimberley (May 2005). The Ancient South Asian World. Oxford University
Press. ISBN 0-19-517422-4. OCLC 56413341.
"A Historical Atlas of Pakistan". Retrieved 2 March 2015.
"Kanchi district, gold mine of megalithic sites". IBN Live (Tamil Nadu, India). 14 March 2012.
"The Truth of Babri Mosque". Retrieved 2 March 2015.
Muhammad of Ghor#Invasion of India
Chandra, Bipan. 'Administrative Organisation and Social and Cultural Policy.' Modern India. NCERT. 1971.
"BBC News - India profile - Timeline". Retrieved 27 November 2013.
"Indias capital is moved from Calcutta to New Delhi on 12 December 1911". 12 December 2012. Retrieved
25 February 2014.
http://in.reuters.com/article/2014/10/06/india-pakistan-idINKCN0HV0OY20141006
Walton, Zach (15 August 2012). "India Announces Mars Mission One Week After Curiosity Landing". Web Pro
News. Retrieved 8 September 2013.
Staff (15 August 2012). "Manmohan Singh formally announces India's Mars mission". The Hindu. Retrieved
31 August 2012.
Bal, Hartosh Singh (30 August 2012). "BRICS in Space". New York Times. Retrieved 31 August 2012.
"Pathankot terror attack: Terrorists hid overnight in airbase shed". The Indian Express. 2016-01-13. Retrieved
2016-01-13.

External links
BBC India Timeline (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/1155813.stm)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_Indian_history&oldid=720839916"
Categories: History of India Indian history timelines Indian timelines Timelines by country
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