Fluid Mechanics Homework 1

Concept question
The laminar velocity profile for a Newtonian fluid is shown below.

ENGN 81, Fall 2012

Which figure best describe the variation of shear stress with distance from the plate?
Homework 1: due Monday 9/17 by 5pm in box on B&H 4th floor North
Matlab/Mathematica or other computer programs may be used to solve tough integrals/equations.

Problem 1 (1.13 in text) The volume flow rate of flow, Q, through a pipe containing a slowly moving fluid is given by the
equation
Q=

R4 p
8l

(1)

where R is the pipe radius, p is the pressure drop along the pipe, is dynamic viscosity, and l is the length of the pipe.
What are the dimensions of the constant /8? Would you classify the equation as a general homogeneous equation? Explain.

Problem 2 (1.16 in text) Assume that the speed of sound, c, in a fluid depends on an Elastic modulus, Ev , with dimensions
F L 2, and the fluid density in the form c = (Ev )a ()b . If this is to be a dimensionally homogenous equation, what are the
values for a and b? Is your result consistent with the standard formula for speed of sound?

Problem 3 (1.36 in text) An open, rigid-walled, cylindrical tank contains 4 f t3 of water a 40 F . Over a 24-hour period
of time the water temperature varies from 40 to 90 F . Make use of the data in Appendix B to determine how much the
volume of water will change. For a tank diameter of 2 ft, would the corresponding change in water depth be very noticeable?
Explain.

Problem 4 (1.42 in text) A liquid when poured into a graduated cylinder is found to weigh 8 N when occupying a volume
of 500 ml. Determine its specific weight, density, and specific gravity.

Problem 5 (1.52 in text) Determine the number of pounds of helium within the volume of a helium-filled blimp used at
sporting events. Its volume is 68,000 f t3 and the temperature and pressure are 80 F and 14.2 psia, respectively.

Problem 6 (1.78 in text) A 25-mm-diameter shaft is pulled through a cylindrical bearing as shown in the figure below. A
lubricant that fills the 0.3-mm gap between the shaft and the bearing is n oil having a kinematic viscosity of 8.0 104 m2 /s
and a specific gravity of 0.91. Determine the force P required to pull the shaft at a velocity of 3 m/s. Assume the velocity
distribution in the gap is linear.

Problem 5 (1.52 in text) Determine the number of pounds of helium within the volume of a helium-filled blimp used at
sporting events. Its volume is 68,000 f t3 and the temperature and pressure are 80 F and 14.2 psia, respectively.

Fluid Mechanics Homework 1

Problem 6 (1.78 in text) A 25-mm-diameter shaft is pulled through a cylindrical bearing as shown in the figure below. A
lubricant that fills the 0.3-mm gap between the shaft and the bearing is n oil having a kinematic viscosity of 8.0 104 m2 /s
and a specific gravity of 0.91. Determine the force P required to pull the shaft at a velocity of 3 m/s. Assume the velocity
distribution in the gap is linear.

Problem 7 (1.79 in text) A piston having diameter of 5.48 in and a length of 9.50 in slides downward with a velocity of
V through a vertical pipe. The downward motion is resisted by an oil film between the piston and the pipe wall. The film
thickness is 0.002 in and the cylinder weighs 0.5 lb. Estimate V if the oil viscosity is 0.016 lbs/f t2. Assume the velocity
distribution in the gap is linear.

Problem
in text)
A layer
of water
flowsindown
an inclined
profile
shown
in in
Figtext.
P1.81.
Problem8 8(1.81
(1.110
in text)
Read
the fluids
the news
articlefixed
titledsurface
This with
waterthe
jetvelocity
is a blast,
section
1.7.1
By
Determine
the ismagnitude
andofdirection
of the shearing
stress that
the watertoexerts
on the fixed
surface
for U = 2(44,100
m/s andpsi)?
what percent
the volume
water decreased
if its pressure
is increased
an equivalent
to 3000
atmospheres
h =0.1m
Problem 9 (1.124 in text) As shown in class, the surface tension forces can be strong enough to allow a double-edged
steel razor blade to float on water, but a single-edge blade will sink. Assume that the surface tension forces act at an angle
relative to the water surface as shown in the figure below.
(a) The mass of the double-edge blade is 0.64 103 kg, and the total length of its sides is 206 mm. Determine the value
of required to keep it in equilibrium. (b) The mass of the single-edge blade is 2.61 103 kg, and the total length of its
sides is 154 mm. Explain why this blade sinks (with the necessary mathematical expressions!)

!
Problem 9 (1.85) The space between two 6-in long concentric cylinders is filled with glycerin (viscosity = 8.5e-3 lb s/ft2).
The inner cylinder has a radius of 3 in. and the gap width between cylinders is 0.1 in. Determine the torque and the power
required to rotate the inner cylinder at 180 rev/min. The outer cylinder is fixed. Assume the velocity distribution in the gap to
be linear.
Problem
(1.88)
Oneintype
of rotating
cylinder
viscometer,
a Stormer
viscometer,
uses aoffalling
to cause
Problem1010
(1.130
text)
Two vertical,
parallel,
clean called
glass plates
are spaced
a distance
2 mmweight,
apart. W,
If the
plates
the
rotate how
with high
an angular
, as
illustrated
in Fig.due
1.88.
this device
the viscosity, , of the liquid is
arecylinder
placed intowater,
will thevelocity,
water rise
between
the plates
toFor
capillary
action?
related to W and through the equation W = K, where K is a constant that depends only on the geometry (including the
liquid depth) of the viscometer. The value K is usually determined by using a calibration liquid (a liquid of known viscosity).
(a) Some data for a particular Sorter viscometer, obtained using glycerin at 20C as a calibration liquid, are given below. Plot
values of the weight as ordinates and values of the angular velocity as abscissae. Draw the best curve through the plotted
points and determine K for the viscometer
W (lb) = [0.22; 0.66; 1.10; 1.54; 2.20]
(rev/s) = [0.53; 1.59; 2.79; 3.83; 5.49]

Fluid Mechanics Homework 1

(b) A liquid of unknown viscosity is place in the same viscometer used in part (a), and the data given below are obtained.
Determine the viscosity of this liquid.
W (lb) = [0.04; 0.11; 0.22; 0.33; 0.44]
(rev/s) = [0.72; 1.89; 3.73; 5.44; 7.42]