Essay-type Questions Solution

Chapter 21 Electrons

1.

G A1

A2

y1

(EQS)21P1
evacuated
glass tube
x1
electron
beam

Heater

s
x2

y2
E
e.h.t. -

e.h.t. +
R1
brightness

2.

R2
Focus

R3

graphite
coating

Electron beam produced by heated cathode C.

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Electrons attracted by higher potential anodes A1 and A2 for focusing.

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Beam deflected in Y-direction by voltage across plates from external signal.

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Beam deflected in X-direction by the time base signal.

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Beam on hitting screen produces fluorescent spot and trace of input signal is observed.

[1]

(a)

C G

A1

x1

y1

A2

electron
beam

screen

H
y2

x2

E
e.h.t.

e.h.t. +
graphite
coating

Heater H and Cathode C

Grid G
Anodes A1 , A2
Deflecting plates X, Y
Tube, screen
Potentiometer
(b) (i)

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[1]
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[1]

The filament (heater H) is heated by passing a current from a low voltage supply.

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The cathode C is indirectly heated by radiation from the hot filament,

thus electrons are emitted from the cathode surface. (Thermionic emission)

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(ii) The grid potential is more negative to the cathode so that less energetic electrons are repelled.
The grid potential can be adjusted to control the number of electrons passing
and hence the intensity of the beam (i.e. brightness of the spot).
The focusing anode A1 and the accelerating anode A2 together form an electron lens system
so as to focus and accelerate the electron beam.
The potential of anode A1 is adjustable and in turn controls the sharpness of the spot.

[1]
[1]

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Essay-type Questions Solution

Chapter 21 Electrons

2.

(EQS)21P2

(b) (iii) The graphite coating provides a return path for the electrons reaching screen back to the cathode. [1]

(c)

(i)

It is earthed to avoid the disturbance by nearby earthed objects outside the CRT.

[1]

Time base circuit is an electronic circuit

which generates a saw-toothed voltage applied to the X-plates internally.

[1]

VX
sweep

flyback

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The time base circuit repeatedly moves the spot from left to right across the screen at a steady speed
(sweep) and then brings it back nearly instantaneously to the left side (flyback).
Thus it allows a waveform to be displayed on the screen.
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(ii) A capacitor for blocking the unwanted d.c. component.
(d) Advantages: (ANY TWO)

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* Nearly infinite internal resistance

* Quicker response than pointer
* Not easily damaged by overloading
Disadvantages: (ANY TWO)
* No direct reading
* It is bulky
* It needs power supply to operate

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