Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
WRJAS
Review
rea Acadmica de Qumica, rea Acadmica de Agronoma, Universidad Autnoma del Estado de Hidalgo.
Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km 4.5, C. P. 42076, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, Mxico.
Through a literature review, the problems that arise with soil salinization in arid and semiarid
areas mainly and especially the case of Mexico were analyzed. The origin is assessed, the
principles for the recovery of salinized soil, biremediacin and current technologies. Also some
future projections for these processes are shown. Finally it is concluded that the issue of soil
bioremediation, is relatively recent and several of the technologies applied are still in test mode
since its effectiveness in many cases has to do with the soil and climatic conditions of the
region where used. Technologies can be varied, as used it refers to the application of washes
the floor and the supply of gypsum as amended. Something a little more recent but equally
longer used is the application of compost as a means to reclaim saline soil. Most remediation
technologies and companies dedicated to providing these services are dedicated almost
exclusively to treat soils that have been contaminated by hydrocarbons. In Mexico there are 234
companies dedicated to offering services land reclamation.
Keyword: Salinization, sodic soils, bioremediation, bioremediation technologies
INTRODUCTION
Currently, one of the problems that restricts agricultural
activities, is the salinity of the soil, this problem occurs in
large or small tracts of land, and the consequence of this
is the decrease of the productive capacity of soils,
reflected in crop yields, but equally on ecological effects
on the environment. This happens primarily in areas
where surface evaporation and absorption of water by
plants exceed the level of precipitation, which will cause
an upward movement of the salts that are dissolved in
the groundwater, and moving towards the soil surface,
often affecting the structural and chemical conditions
thereof (Liang et al., 2005).
An example of soil degradation is salinity, as are changes
in the physical and chemical behavior. Salinization is a
complex process, variable in time and space, is why the
pattern of variability salt content changes according to the
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TECNOLOGY
Bioestimulation
Bioaumentationn
Landfarming
Bioventing
Phytoremediation
Bioreactors
Biodegradation
solid phase
DESCRIPTION
It involves the addition of oxygen and / or nutrients
to the contaminated soil in order to stimulate activity
of
indigenous
microorganisms
and
thus
biodegradation of contaminants.
It is the addition of live microorganisms having the
ability to degrade the pollutant in question and thus
promote biodegradation or biotransformation.
The contaminated soil is mixed with bulking agents
and nutrients, and stir regularly to promote aeration.
During landfarming, contaminated soil is mixed with
clean soil.
It is to stimulate aerobic biodegradation of a
contaminant by supplying air into the contaminated
site.
It is a process that uses plants to remove, transfer,
stabilize, concentrate and/or destroy contaminants
in soil or sediment.
It is the most suitable technology for cases where
the potential dangers of discharges and emissions
are serious. It allows controlled and efficient
combination of chemical, physical and biological
processes, which improve and accelerate
biodegradation.
This technology generally is carried out ex situ,
including composting, static piles and long piles.
Appointment
Volke et Velazco, 2003
063
Centrifugation
Chemical oxidation
Bioremediation
Thermal desorption
Vapor Extraction
Washing
Physical separation
CONCLUSIONS
The theme of bioremediation is relatively recent and
several of the technologies applied are still in test mode
since its effectiveness in many cases has to do with the
soil and climatic conditions of the region where they are
used, the technologies used can be very varied, and they
have been cited major in the review presented above. As
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Annexes
COMPANY (Reference)
PLACE
Hernndez Rodrguez, Ojeda Barrios, Chihuahua,
Lpez Daz, & Arras Vota, 2010)
Mexico
Castro Pia et al., 2011
Coahuila,
Mexico
Kohler, Caravaca, & Roldn, 2010
Murcia, Spain
China
Comarca
Lagunera,
Mexico
Mrida,
Mexico
Madrid, Spain
Australia
USA
Mxio, D. F.
China
frica
China
TECNOLOGY
Organic fertilizers
Halophilic microorganisms
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (Glomus mosseae)
and promoting rhizobacteria plant
growth (Pseudomonas Mendoza)
Plaster and cow manure
Soil washing and bovine manure
065
Annex Cont.
Colombia
Repblica
Dominicana
Wong, Dalal, & Greene, 2009
Australia
Lu et al., 2015
China
Chen, Kang, Wan, Chu, & Li, 2015
China
Raeesossadati,
Ahmadzadeh, Australia
McHenry, & Moheimani, 2014
Dagar, Minhas, & Kumar, 2011
India
Zhang, Zai, Wu, Qin, & Zhang, 2014
China
frica
& Chile
China
Italia
Argentina
Halophilic bacteria
Organic amendments
Gypsum and organic matter
Poultry manure
Improved irrigation method
Microalgae
and cyanobacteria in
photobioreactors
Cultivation of medicinal and aromatic
plants
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (Glomus mosseae)
and phosphate solubilizing fungus
(Mortierella sp.)
Gypsum
Sewage sludge, extracted gypsum,
synthetic gypsum
Promoting plant growth bacteria (PGPR)
and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (HMA)
Compost
plant species (Spartina argentinensis,
Paspalum atratum, Paspalum guenoarum
and Melilotus albus)
REFERENCES
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Xun, F., Xie, B., Liu, S., & Guo, C. (2015). Effect of plant
growth-promoting bacteria (PGPR) and arbuscular
mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation on oats in salinealkali soil contaminated by petroleum to enhance
phytoremediation. Environmental science and pollution
research
international,
22(1),
598-608.
doi:
10.1007/s11356-014-3396-4
Zhang, H.-S., Zai, X.-M., Wu, X.-H., Qin, P., & Zhang, W.M. (2014). An ecological technology of coastal saline
soil amelioration. Ecological Engineering, 67, 80-88.
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2014.03.022
Zhao, Y., Li, Y., Wang, J., Pang, H., & Li, Y. (2016).
Buried straw layer plus plastic mulching reduces soil
salinity and increases sunflower yield in saline soils.
Soil and Tillage Research, 155, 363-370. doi:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.08.019
Zuiga Escobar, O. O. S., J. Cuero Guependo R. .
(2011). Evaluacin de Tecnologas para la
Recuperacin de Suelos Degradados por Salinidad.
Revista Nacional Agricultura Medellin, 64(1), 57695779.
Accepted 27 June, 2016.
Citation: Trejo GN, Prieto MJ, Acevedo SOA, Marmolejo
SY (2016). Remediation technologies for saline soils: A
case study of Mexico. World Research Journal of
Agricultural Sciences, 3(1): 060-068.