Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Physics Research Centre, S. T. Hindu College, M.S.University, Nagercoil - 629 002, Tamilnadu, India
Physics Research Centre, S. T. Hindu College, M.S.University, Nagercoil - 629 002, Tamilnadu, India
Abstract
Fe2O3 nanoparticles have been prepared by a simple solvothermal method using a domestic microwave oven. X-ray powder
diffraction measurement indicates the amorphous nature of the as-prepared sample. Calcined samples were obtained by annealing the
as-prepared sample at different temperatures, viz. 400, 500, 600 and 700oC. Transmission electron microscopic images indicate that
all the five samples are spherical in shape. AC electrical measurements were carried out on pelletized samples by the parallel plate
capacitor method at various temperatures ranging from 40-130oC and frequencies ranging from 100 Hz -1 MHz. Results indicate low
AC electrical conductivities and consequently show the occurrence of nano confined states. The exciton Bohr radii obtained from the
dielectric constant values at 40oC temperature and 1 kHz frequency are 41.8, 54.8, 55.3, 56.3 and 27.0 respectively for the asprepared sample and samples calcined at 400, 500, 600 and 700 oC which indicate a strong quantum confinement effect. The
impedance spectra observed exhibit non-ideal behavior.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 03 | Mar-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
570
'
Cpd
(1)
0 A
ac ' 0 tan
(4)
aB
h 2 r
4 2 e 2
1
1 Where r is the dielectric
* *
mh constant (i.e. ' here) , me*
me
*
P 1
D0
Dx
(5)
D0
m
m
v Ad
(6)
Dx
(2)
(3)
Z and phase
and
ZM
NV
(7)
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 03 | Mar-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
571
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 03 | Mar-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
572
tot = (T) + (, T)
(8)
= Bn
(9)
(10)
4. CONCLUSIONS
Fe2O3 nanoparticles have been prepared with spherical shape
and amorphous nature by a simple solvothermal method. The
as-prepared and calcined (at 400, 500 600 and 700 oC) samples
have been structurally and electrically characterized by TEM
analysis and dielectric measurements. TEM images indicate
the spherical shape. Results of dielectric measurements
indicate a strong quantum confinement effect. The non-ideal
behavior exhibited by the impedance spectra could be
explained as due to the oxygen vacancies present in the grain
boundaries. The increase of calcinations temperature does not
influence the electrical properties in a systematic way as the
properties are crystal structure dependent. The very high
temperature dependence of r observed for the as-prepared and
calcined at 400 and 500oC samples indicate that they can be
expected to be useful for high temperature capacitor
applications.
REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 03 | Mar-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
573
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
[12]
[13]
[14]
[15]
[16]
[17]
[18]
[19]
[20]
[21]
[22]
[23]
[24]
[25]
[26]
[27]
[28]
[29]
[30]
[31]
[32]
[33]
FIGURES
Fig 1: Photograph of samples with pellets : (a) As-prepared, (b) Calcined at 400oC, (c) Calcined at 500oC, (d) Calcined at
600oC and (e) Calcined at 700oC
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 03 | Mar-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
574
Fig 3: TEM images : (a) As-prepared, (b) Calcined at 400oC, (c) Calcined at 500oC, (d) Calcined at 600oC and (e)
Calcined at 700oC
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 03 | Mar-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
575
Fig 4: The real parts of dielectric constants () : (a) As-prepared, (b) Calcined at 400oC, (c) Calcined at 500oC, (d)
Calcined at 600oC and (e) Calcined at 700oC [Unseen plots are shown in insets]
Fig 5: The imaginary parts of dielectric constants () : (a) As-prepared, (b) Calcined at 400oC, (c) Calcined at 500oC, (d)
Calcined at 600oC and (e) Calcined at 700oC [Unseen plots are shown in insets]
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 03 | Mar-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
576
Fig 6: The dielectric loss factors (tan ) : (a) As-prepared, (b) Calcined at 400oC, (c) Calcined at 500oC, (d) Calcined at
600oC and (e) Calcined at 700oC
Fig 7: The AC electrical conductivities (x 10-5 mho m-1) (ac) : (a) As-prepared, (b) Calcined at 400oC, (c) Calcined at
500oC, (d) Calcined at 600oC and (e) Calcined at 700oC [Unseen plots are shown in insets]
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 03 | Mar-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
577
Fig 8: Calcination dependence of of (a), (b), tan (c), and ac (d) for 1 KHz frequency at various temperatures [Unseen plots
are shown in insets]
Fig 9: Calcination dependence of (a), (b), tan (c), and ac (d) at 40oC temperature for various frequencies
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 03 | Mar-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
578
Fig 11: The estimated DC electrical conductivties ( x 10-7 mho m-1) (dc = B)
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 03 | Mar-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
579
Fig 12: The cole-cole plots : (a) As-prepared, (b) Calcined at 400oC, (c) Calcined at 500oC, (d) Calcined at 600oC and (e)
Calcined at 700oC [Unseen plots are shown in insets]
Table 1: Grain sizes (D) , bulk densities (Dx) and densities (Do)and porosities of pellets
Fe2O3 sample
Identified
nanophase
D (nm)
Dx
(g/cc)
Do
(g/cc)
Porosity
(%)
As-prepared
19
4.890
1.783
63.50
24
5.022
1.649
67.16
Calcined at 500 C
Calcined at 600oC
+
+
27
29
5.071
5.120
1.684
1.833
66.78
64.19
Calcined at 700oC
33
5.270
2.328
55.82
Calcined at 400oC
o
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 03 | Mar-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
580
Table 2: ', '', tan , and ac values for 1 kHz frequency, and dc values at 40oC h and estimated aB , and D/aB values
Fe2O3 sample
Identified
nanophase
'
''
tan
As-prepared
6.919
4.869
9.214
Calcined at 500 C
Calcined at 600oC
+
+
Calcined at 700oC
Calcined at 400oC
o
dc
( x 10-7
mho/m)
0.020
aB
(nm)
D/aB
0.704
ac
( x 10-5
mho/m)
0.027
41.8
0.307
13.483
1.463
0.075
0.225
54.8
0.438
9.292
9.456
12.271
8.350
1.321
0.883
0.068
0.077
0.319
0.179
55.3
56.3
0.488
0.515
4.536
4.242
0.935
0.034
0.096
27.0
1.222
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 03 | Mar-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
581