FWD USERS GROUP

October 16, 2012

Sacramento, California, USA

Traffic Speed Deflectometer

TSD

Measuring Systems for Infrastructure

For Roads and for Railroads

Jorgen Krarup

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Introduction

Equipment for Roads:

LaserProf
Greenwood Profiler
Surface Imaging System SIS

Traffic Speed Deflectometer TSD

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Introduction

Surface Imaging System

SIS

safe LED lamps

Crack
Detection

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Introduction

Greenwood Profiler

DRAFT: Front bar with 7 roughness lasers (16 kHz) and 2 texture lasers (64 kHz)
Full geometry with 3 accelerometers and 2 gyroscopes (roll and yaw)

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Introduction

Greenwood LaserProf
Suitcase version:
Inertial Profiler with 1 or 2 lasers,
capacity for GPS and ROW-imaging

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Introduction

Traffic Speed Deflectometer TSD

The Traffic Speed Deflectometer makes it possible to measure
Continuous Pavement Deflection at traffic speed.
Non-contact 1 kHz Doppler laser as geophone

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Background and History

Early Danish Deflectometer

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Background and History

Danish Rolling Wheel Deflectometers

1-5 mph

1985 - 1990

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Background and History

Wheels
Contact Area
Plate

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What are we looking for ?

Background and History

Bituminous Layers (Viscoelastic)

Unbound Layers (Granular Friction)

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Background and History

Calibration of Mechanistic-Empirical Models for Cracking and Rutting of New

Pavements Using Heavy Vehicle Simulator Tests by
Per Ullidtz, John Harvey, Khalid Ghuzlan, Bor-Wen Tsai, Bruce Steven and Carl Monismith.

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Background and History

Doppler Effect
Bell at Railroad Crossing:
frequency we hear in train =
frequency of bell x (speed of sound/(speed of sound speed of train))
towards
312 hz = 294 hz x ( 340 m/s / (340 -20m/s))
after
278 hz = 294 hz x ( 340 m/s / (340+20m/s))

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Traffic Speed Deflectometer

Measuring speed tested up to 50 mph.

Wheel load can be the design load for

pavement design.

Deflections are response to the dynamic

wheel load.

The output from Traffic-Speed Deflectometer

is continuous deflection.
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Distance and Velocity

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Load

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Axle Load

Driving velocity [m/s]

Deflection velocity [m/s]

Deflection velocity [m/s]

Deflection [
m]

Deflection velocity / Driving velocity =

= Deflection slope [m/m]

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Pavement Characteristics

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From Deflection Slope to Absolute Deflection

Procedure proposed by ESGI 2005 - European Study Group with Industry
Having 3 Doppler Sensors, a 2-parameter model was proposed

E, h

BEAM MODEL:
An elastic beam on a
foundation (Winkler) of linear
springs

A simple solution with few parameters: A simple beam model

The general static beam equation (Euler-Bernoulli):

With the boundary conditions:

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The Beam Model SOLUTIONS

These functions are defined for x=>0, A>0 and B>0.

F is the point force, E the elasticity and k the spring constant.
A and B are constants to be optimized.
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New models are supported by multiple sensors:

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Monitor Quality of Repair works

between measurements in 2005 and 2006

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Monitor Quality of Repair works

between measurements in 2005, 2006, and 2007

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Danish State Network:

3000 lane km
Measured in 10 days

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Australia demo, - different speeds:

Continuous Bearing Capacity Profile of 18,000 km Australian Road
Network in Five Months
By Susanne Baltzer, David Pratt, et.al.

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Australia, - DFG FWD - TSD:

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Australia, - same place, different dates:

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Polish TSD

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TSD measuring in left wheel path

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South African TSD:

Integrated Subsystems

Digital mapping with Lidar

Trimble Mx8 System

3D Data 1mm resolution at 60mph

Waylink Ultra System

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Demo
Software Module:
Module: QC

Client Specified Window:

Operators Data Quality Control

Slope at position [mm]

Colour

Bearing Capacity [mm]

Colour

100

Green

SCI 200

Red

200

Blue

SCI 300

Black

300

Orange

600

Purple

SCI SUB

Purple

900

Black

do

Orange

1500

Red

Tak

Thank You
jk@greenwood.dk