CHEMISTRY REVISION SPM 2016

CHAPTER 8 SALTS :Part A

Preparation of Salt

SALTS

SOLUBLE SALTS
ALL Na, K,

ALL Nitrate,

INSOLUBLE
ALL Sulphate,

ALL

ALL Carbonate,
Pb, Ag, Hg
Pb, Ba, Ca

ACID + ALKALI SALT +

WATER

ACID + METAL SALT + H2

ACID + METAL OXIDE SALT + H2O
ACID + METAL CARBONATE SALT + CO2 +
H2O

2 SOLUBLE SALTS SALT +

PRECIPITATE

SOLUBLE SALTS : ALL Na+, K+, NH4+ Salt

ACID + ALKALI SALT + WATER
Metal
Ions

Sulphate Salt
(H2SO4)

Chloride Salt
(HCl)

Nitrate Salt
(HNO3)

Carbonate Salt
(H2CO3)

K+
Na+
NH4+

Example : Preparation of NaNO3

Chemical Equation : _______________________________________________________________________
Preparation :

SOLUBLE SALTS : NO3-, SO42-, Cl- Salt

ACID + METAL SALT + H2
ACID + METAL OXIDE SALT + H2O
ACID + METAL CARBONATE SALT + CO2 + H2O
Metal
Ions
2

Mg
+

Zn2
+

Pb2
+

Cu2
+

Al3+
Fe2
+

Ag+
Ba2
+

Sulphate Salt
(H2SO4)

Chloride Salt
(HCl)

Nitrate Salt
(HNO3)

Example 1: Preparation of ZnSO4

Chemical Equation :_____________________________________________________
Preparation :

Example 2: Preparation of Cu(NO3)2

Chemical Equation :_____________________________________________________
Preparation :

INSOLUBLE SALTS : ALL CO3-2 Salt, (Pb, Ag, Hg) Chloride Salt and (Pb, Ba, Ca) Sulphate Salt
2 SOLUBLE SALTS SALT + PRECIPITATE
Salts

MgCO3
ZnCO3
PbCl2
PbSO4
AgCl
BaSO4
CaSO4
CuCO3

Chemical Equation

Ionic Equation

Example : Preparation of ZnCO3

Chemical Equation :
_________________________________________________
Preparation :

Example : Preparation of ZnCO3

Chemical Equation :
_________________________________________________
Preparation :

CHEMISTRY REVISION SPM 2016

CHAPTER 8 : SALTS
1 (a) The equation shows the reaction between zinc and acid X. Acid X is a monoprotic acid.
Zn + Acid X Salt Y + H2
Based on the equation,
(i)

suggest acid X and identify salt Y.

[2 marks]

(ii) from your answer in 1(a)(i), write a chemical equation for the reaction
[2 marks]
(b) Diagram 1 shows a flow chart of zinc salts.

ZnSO4

+ Solution R

ZnCl2
ZnSO4

ZnCO3

Salt

Reaction I
Reaction II + Acid W

Zinc salt
Diagram 1
All the three salts, ZnSO4, ZnCI, and Zn(NO3)2, in Diagram 1 can be converted to ZnCO3, by
reaction I, then ZnCO3 reacts with acid W to form a zinc salt through reaction II.
(i)

By choosing one of the three salts in Diagram 1, suggest solution R to prepare zinc
carbonate, ZnCO3.
Write the chemical equation involved and describe a laboratory experiment to prepare
zinc carbonate, ZnCO3.
[8 marks]

(ii) Suggest acid W to prepare any one of the three zinc salt in Diagram 1.
Write a chemical equation involved and describe a laboratory experiment to prepare the
salts.
[8 marks]

CHEMISTRY REVISION SPM 2016

CHAPTER 8 : SALT Part B
Qualitative Analysis of Salts
1. Action of Heat on Nitrate and Carbonate Salt
Nitrate (NO3- )

Carbonate (CO32 - )

Decompose to oxygen gas dan metal nitrite

Not decompose by heat

Cation
+

Na+
Decompose to oxygen gas , nitrogen dioxide gas Decompose to carbon dioxide gas and metal oxide
and metal oxide
Ca2+
Mg2+
Al3+
Zn2+

2Zn(NO3)2
O2
White solid
Colourless

Fe2+/
Fe3+
Pb2+

2Pb(NO3)2
O2
White solid
Colourless

2ZnO +
Yellow when hot

brown

White when cold

fume

2PbO +

2Cu(NO3)2
O2

Brown when hot

Blue solid

2CuO
Black solid

ZnCO3

White solid

PbCO3

White solid

brown

ZnO

Yellow when hot

White when cold

CO 2

turn lime water

chalky

gas

4NO2

Yellow when cold

Cu2+

4NO2

fume

4NO2
brown

PbO

Brown when hot

Yellow when cold

CO2

turn lime water

chalky

gas

CuCO3

Green solid

CuO

Black solid

CO2

turn lime water

chalky

colourless
Fume
gas

Confirmatory Test for Gas

Gas

Hydrogen
gas,
H2

Oxygen gas,
O2

Carbon
dioxide gas,
CO2

Confirmatory Test
Method
Observati
on
Method
Observati
on
Method
Observati
on

Apparatus Set-Up for Decomposition of Metal

Carbonate

2. Qualitative Analysis of Salt : Anion Test

Anion
CO32-

Cl-

SO42-

NO3-

Test

3. Qualitative Analysis of Salt : Confirmatory Test of Cation

A. Reaction with Sodium Hydroxide, NaOH Solution

B. Reaction with Ammonia, NH3 Solution

CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR CATIONS

Cation

Test with a small amount of sodium

hydroxide solution until in excess

Test with a small amount of ammonia solution

until in excess

K+

Na+

Ca2+

White precipitate, insoluble in excess

No precipitate formed

Mg2+

White precipitate, insoluble in excess

White precipitate, insoluble in excess

Al3+

White precipitate, soluble in excess

blue precipitate, insoluble in excess

Zn2+

White precipitate, soluble in excess

White precipitate, soluble in excess

Fe2+
Fe3+

- Green precipitate, insoluble in excess

-brown precipitate, insoluble in in excess

Green precipitate, insoluble in excess brown precipitate,

insoluble in excess

Pb2+

White precipitate, soluble in excess

White precipitate, insoluble in excess

Cu2+

blue precipitate, insoluble in excess

blue precipitate, soluble in excess

NH4+

6.

To differentiate between Al3+ and Pb2+