Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
AMERICAN MUSEUM
JOURNAL
EDITED BY
VOLUME
XVII. u,
NEW YORK
CITY
An
illustrated
magazine devoted
to the
Contributors are
FREE TO MEMBERS OF
THE AMERICAN MUSEUM
OF NATURAL HISTORY
ITED BY THE DE
NEW YORK,
Dinosaui
Travel Notes
in
Autumn Migrations
Reproduction
'I
HOW
in
Mary Cynthia
Norman m
Lei
V--
,,
,i.l, it
linematography
Tourmaline
BB1
ABY
Knit
the
Gl
tSl
i.yn
1,
LSOS
American Southwest
HENB1 OLDYS
M. P. SKINNER
Babni u Bbows
Yellowstone
Monocloniua, a Cretaceous Horned Dinosaur
Fossil Man in South Africa
Tin- threat .la, I.. Mass from .lordansmuhl
Report from the Asiatic Zoological Expedition
of the
Notes
i:
V r Nelson
Clark w issleb
Museum
Dii
I-
I.
MAR! CYNTHIA
Hum
IRD
and Turipiuise
Some Birds
i;i
Glib
,,f
Butterflies
Dnotone of \\ inter Studios
in
i..
Hi BE]
Flight of a Meteor
ii.
M IROB
A Search for Scytalopus
Discoveries at the Aztec Ruin
The Invention and Spread of Agriculture
The Ruins of Tuloom, Yueatan
Leo E. Miller
Eabl II Mobbi!
HERBERT
3PINDEN
I
SYLVANUS G-BISWOL] )l
win Stabr Jordan
W. D. MATTHEW
America
1 )
the
oppo
America
for
WILLIAM
Wild Life
Reminiscence
oti
on
of
Foundei of the
War Time
in
Siife.
.Votes
with
Much Work
th.
34:t
3o3
Mil,
328
341
346
Accomplish, d
A li.-u, .
Wild Flowei
Lower Nevi Sort Baj
Henry
2!>o
Mud-. B,,h
Museum
Willi \m a. Mirriii.
georoe Birp gei-.
B LBBINGTON MOORE
Kt>. I). ORABB
D. A.
.1
HULL
T, G.
as r
Recollections of the
>ld
West
Fores, rj and the Paper Supply
A Buffalo Bullfight
thi
274
rosKPH H. Choatj
\frica
in
2fiS
'-'TO
May
American Museum
Florida Turtles
Mirages
F]
K. Cherrie
I'-lv A, Winslow
Horn
T.
Gkoroe
The Dawn
Wild Mushrooms
J I"
254
-.
Museum
The War
22]
r
of the Equator
of Cleai l.ak.
Well
Scientific-ill-
,i
Fairi-i
II
William K
,
:.in'oi-nia
,
Cmotion, ill
W,
Bird
I),
1.
Uerbiasi
WILLIAM E RlH
LEO 1 Mil
Matthew- and Waltei Granoeb
399
419
Bird Photographing on the Falkland
Bird Life in the Falkland-
Through
the
-lands
II
Navahn Region
IT::
Lowie
495
i,
Known
II,
II
Hi:
Oi
Two Fur
Robert
Seal Problems and Their Solution..
h.
December
Uu
Known
I.iiil,-
Pictures"
Ms from China
Yvf.tte
vmuii
lie
How
M:,l,' T..li.
BaWtbl
Turk,-.
ih..
S]
eh
"
^eShS
-'-
Charles W.iieu.
'" " 0EASB
otes
[LLUSTKATIONS
N'avaho dances. 478; Apache
myth, 556; Hopi, 568-573
cem
Agricultural
186
181
501
reproductions
122
portrait
southwest,
s,,,,,
ii.
-\l
duotone
in
!,
.lonl.insniiihl
cover,
group,
70-74
ilifornia,
'
of,
224-229. 232
lis
Ape, anthrop,
n,
imoths, cover,
(January)
izanitas. Clear
160-165
in,
-s
lecember)
-s
plmlnLT.ipli.
I'.ir.l,
8 1-
\l:e-s;i, hi
<v.\.
music. 125-127; feedJunioi Audubon Class, ;i4o
woodpecker. ,",11; telephoto pictures of. 5863: of the Fellowstone, 128, 134; rhea, 162;
hermit thrush. 2 40; South
rican, 2711
gnatcatcher, 348; egret, 349;
Eocene, 1 <: of the Falklands, 428-460
Itirds.
Maya
art,
-. -'
Diet
180, 190,
200-204
(Jar
Mink, 552
Monkeys. 241
136-139
Mushrooms, 322-331
Xavaho region, 472-478
"Neptune." relief ship. 284
New Mexico, camping scenes
Plata Valley, 463-470
Old West, pictures of. 332-340
,
/;//,, ,,./,,.,.
184
14
Butterflies
512,
109,
51
needle,
38:s
517-522,
527-531,
525-
515,
I,
'
oh-
l.-ussell
Congo rain
.1
i.
15
r.
Pampas,
cover
299
restoration),
"(17;
f ssi
ops; group
|
i
of Virginia.
(October)
tiialr.uwu.
restoration
structed. 4 IS
13,
116;
of.
skeleton
recon-
136 138
139
man. 382
Flag
1
ii
land
agmonl
a/,
no
d.l
"f
1,
i,
210
Pottery, Indian.
174-184
407-415
Rio
Janeiro harbor, cover, (March)
Roosevelt, Th. odore, 288
Ruins, Aztec, Bf 99, 168-179; Tuloom.
bird photographs,
of American, 364
'
of,
.!'
Ducks, wild, 26 1,
Eeptletia, 22
Faeial. muscles of gorilla
Falkland
550
forest,
on man.
Afr
5115,
428-460
|,,l,
-proline
is
duotone, 303-
in
Salts Cave,
190-204;
Kentucky
j;:n
167
'
'"
,:
llui
of,
29
demands upon
deer.
re-
136-139;
13,
11,
208
264
of,
254-259
292
Tyrannosaurua, 13
Yeiio/inla, western,
portrait
of,
of
546
490
41-56
its,
16-21
14-23
,,,,,,
l
l68
335-340
fields
of
Mai
THE
AMERICAN MUSEUM
JOURNAL
INSECT MIGRATION
FLIGHT OF METEORS
TELEPHOTO FOR MOTION PICTURES
INTERPRETING THE LIFE OF DINOSAURS
TRAVEL NOTES FROM VENEZUELA
WINTER
IN
MASSACHUSETTS
of Natural
History
BOARD OF TRUSTEES
President
Henri
First
Osborn
r uri
Vice-President
Secretary
George F. Baker
Frederick F. Brkwsteb
Joseph II. Choate
Cutting
Thomas DeWitt Cuyler
Ogden Mills
Percy R. Pyne
John B. Trevor
Felix M. Warburg
George W. Wickersham
Madison Grant
Anson W. Hard
Archer M. Huntington
Arthur Curtiss James
Walter B. James
A. D.
.Milliard
administrative officers
Assistunt Treasurer
ir.
Vertebrate Palaeontology
Palest
ris
Mineralogy
Emeritus
Inn
1,
brate Zoology
Mi
Crampton, Ph.D., Curator
ROY W. Miner, A.B., Asst. Curator
Frank E. Lutz, Ph.D., Asst. Curator
i:
I.
in
MUTCHLER, Assistant
v"am Name, Ph.D., Assistant
Frank E. WAT80N, B.S., Assistant
W. M. Wheeler, Ph.D., Hon. Curator Social
A. J.
Associate
Anthropology
Clark Wissler, Ph.D., Curator
PLINY E. Goddard, Ph.D., Curator Ethnology
Robert H. Lowie, Ph.D., Assoc. Curator
Herbert J. Spinden, Ph.D., Asst. Curator
N. C. Nelson, M.L., Asst. Curator
Charles W. Mead, Asst. Curator
M. D. C. CRAWFORD, Research Associate in Textiles
Geo. Bird Grinnell, Ph.D., Research Associate
J.
Ethnology
Howard McGregor,
in
Anthropology
and Ei
rpt tology
Kerpetology
.'
.1
A.
Ornithology
Frank M. Chapman,
In
W. MILLER,
Jimis P
Curator Ornithology
nmalogy
nmialogy
CHAPIN, A ]:. Assistant Ornithology
Asst.
Public Education
THE
AMERICAN MUSEUM
OURNAL
DEVOTED TO NATURAL HISTORY. EXPLORATION, AND THE
DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC EDUCATION
THROUGH THE MUSEUM
January, 1017
Volume
XVII.
Number
MAY
Mammoths from
A
Frontispiece,
the Mural
Charles R. Knighi
l>\
Fossil
of
its
discover;
ind
..
ivi
iln
i
,
Dinosaur
Methods
anil difficulties in
Mm
n -tioatnm
of extinct
Illustrations
Museum
The Flight
b;
archieologii
tin-
remains
Herbert
fossil
\utl,..r
in
.1.
Spinden
Eliot Thomson
of a Meteor
id b;
Explanation of an astronomical subject of great interest, areomp:
of the meteorites in the American Museum ol Natural History by Dr. Chester \. Reeds
Illustrations especially from photographs ami ^'eoimens on exhibition in tlie American
Autumn
Illustratioffs
of observations
from 01
Reproductions
Scenes from
ii
Howard
Migrations of Butterflies
With records
in
made
on Long
land during
Museum
Shannon
.1.
and
Is
Massachusetts,
nthis D
al
By Marj Cj
husetts.
ol
Field
33
ran
tin
Id
Lo
Author
in
Norman McClinxock
Cinematography
">;
A new
lens
and telephoto
Gem Mining
in the
Tourmaline and
United States
L. P.
Turquoise
Illustrations by
The
Jai
Gratacap
65
Rabbil
in
California
<
Od "f three
of in
months
Illustrated with photographs from
life
b;
thi
luthor
Museum Notes
76
Mary i'imiii
in. .us
should
Now
be
addressed
t..
the
Ameru
Museum Journal,
STork City.
to "ii
in,
mlii rs
i,i
Hi,
ii
an Musi
'<..
,7th
St.
and
Photo by Bar
FOSSIL TREE
RIVER,
ALBERTA
This petrified tree trunk, now on exhibition in the dinosaur hall of the American Museum, is fortyllvr ''' ' long.
H is in fine state of preservation. Many fossilized trees, chiefly cone-bearers, are found
associated with dinosaur skeletons on the Red Deer River.
They are carbonized and jet black. When
found they are surrounded with a thin layer of lignite, which soon disintegrates under exposure, while
the central silieified stem bleaches to a reddish buff color
:i
Bee
regarding
its
page 78
The
M USEUM
A MERICAN
JANUARY,
Volume XVII
J
JOURNAL
1!H
the
"Tyrant" Dinosaur
H
By
BNBY FAIRFIELD
OSB
R N
This article illustrates some of the methods as well as the "perils" of the restoration of
extinct animals from their mere or less complete skeletons.
A restoration presents the
author's theory of the habits of the animal, how it moved, how it fed, how it attacked its
prey or escaped from enemies, also the environment in which it lived. In the present in-
tive calling.
its
OXE
logical
of the
American Museum
Among
Union
Pacific Railway.
known
deposit
Cabin Quarry"
Ornithol He;
is
pretation of the
as
in central
thi
'
the
Bird Robber,"
bird robber,
liuliits of tlii*-
"Bone-
Wyoming,
;i|rti
.oiimal
not
which
we
found
the remains
crowded
into
this
ind
Knight
skeleton
type
dinosaur,
of
limbs,
with
long,
nating
long,
slender
very slender
recurved
formed
arrival
at
the
robber,"
ant.
delicately
its
"bird
cannoi be regarded as
fingers termi-
claws,
presenl
writer,
tirst
although
it
direct descend-
remains of
this
more
this
studied by
Museum
the
carefull]
The
with
head
On
hand provided
long
sharply
in
small,
swift-running
with
tail, a
\rr\
of
little
0.
in
1889,
('.
This complete .skeleton of the "ostrich mimic" dinosaur, tslrulliioiuimus (of much more recent geologic
age than Ornitholeatea) was discovered by an American Museum expedition in 1914, after a search pro,
longed through
Vlborta.
seen.
li
tive
powers
id'
veloped.
flight
,-1111!
the
animal
was conse-
speed and very alert movements Ornitholestes was aide to overtake and capture its prey.
by great
It
is
an interesting instance of
one discovery
thai
this
ancient
in
theorj
"bird
how
the
habits of the
geologic age,
belonging to the
es of
iilln>!,Ht,s.
placed in a
that in
of
skull
manner
some
so closely similar to
animal received
very
appropriate
bird mimic."'
In
fact,
the
period
known
to
it
before
science,
resembles
were
would certainly
it
of this type
when
collec-
forms
was
secured
through
explora-
>ol't
Survey.
which
formation
^vol'^ic
Tin.-
in
"bird-mimic"
supposed
these
considerably
is
Museum
rich
this
Remains
Alberta.
search
but
the
was kepi
ring
finally
of
up
in
complete
solving
the
thereby
in
hope of
the
life
lainih
and
riddle
habits of
of dinosaurs.
this
remarkable
Barnum Brow
ties
almosl
these
thai
invariably
found
par-
field
boi
an
in
tenl
marks
in
of
mollusks
and
various
of
which
life,
lived
rising
and falling
19]
the
l.
mim-
in
the
trying
skeleton
the
of
remains
xtremelj
year
in
exfield
of
of
i:
tides.
prolonged
by the
Finally,
search
a
was
in
re-
complete
The
Museum
in
the
which
moving and
swiftly
struggling
it
prey.
was an-
entombed
the
in
so that
upon the
gradually removed
the
Museum
found
in
be
to
shown
exactly
the
posture
the
in
Tn the restora-
The
if in
similar bent
robber"
the
both in
ture
one
of
the
greatest
surprises in
had
confidently
been
predicted
It
that
find
to
with sharply
adapted
to
writer,
the
pointed,
seizin"'
dinosaur.
"ostrich
to
its
at
skull
least,
ex-
provided
recurved teeth,
and
holding:
On
head and in
be
contrary,
the
its
raptorial
limb strucat
but
all
in-
offensive creature.
slen-
covered there
motion.
occasioned
limb
in a
id in front
as grasping
is
dis-
and
thir-
rela-
teen
feet in length.
tively deeper
all
the areas of
than
any
the
of
indicating
saurs,
that
this
animal
in
car-
dino-
nivorous
lost
the flesh-eating
adaptations of the
skull,
come
After D,
BlainvUU
lie-
consumption
some variety
of
relatively soft
and
tender food.
The
neck
te
and had
is
of
long ami
extremely
flexible,
reminding one of
of the ostriches,
taceous
diving
is
bird
Such
peromis."
known
long,
"Hes-
as
slender neck
namely,
come
actually
both
theory
thai
u- structure and
habits, were
nol
il
animal
this
mimic
to
i:
of adapta-
had
the ostriches
in its
browsing
the ver)
for
Ostrich
11:.
flight of
is
modern
found
3 Theor>
li/;
hind
feel
present
in
the original
is
pornol
Ornithomimus
view of the
Tli'ory of
lose
re
limb and
much
the
a>
conl
ostrich.
r;ir\
of the
of South
toed
sloth
some
resembles, on
respei
t-
the
peai eful
mimus.
The av would
the
uiu'
dinosaurs as thej
of
existing
it
u|>oo
tin-
name
pose based
fore
BO
.-in
in
..I
tions of
specimen, and
liar
America, such
as
the thn
e-
and
are
long
the
three-toed
relatively
sloth,
slender, as
while
the
in
hand
THE AMERICAN
Ml
SEUM JOURNAL
.1
;,*
,i
balancer to
msists
in
r
in-
which
it
is
of the Australia!
believed that the
body
iif
from
off
set
by side as
gered sloth.
side
in
of the
fingers
tially
recurved
adapted
claws
trees, as in the
It
I'or
seizing
an active prey.
id'
characters
abandon the
idea that
it
All
was
modern ostriches in
As the fore part
is
apparent that
mode
balanced
movements
"i-
the swiftest
powers of speed.
that which
stance
of the body
any
in
is
reptile
its
is
it
mimic"
way
for
the animal,
trich
lizards,
lizard,
in
is
in
it
it
of running, similar to
of
the
modern
The
lizards of
legs with
habit
the body
reared
upward
among
in
repre-
namely,
sentatives
between
running motions of
of
three
families
the old
runners.
Theory
speed, with the
limb. aitliiiL
sMMed
tail
l.y
of the "ostrich
thin
mimic
dinosaur at full
on the fore
'
of the
"Ostrich Mimi
The fore
lit
1'J
running habil
The
ently.
among
as among
independ-
evolved
has
several
lizards
The
three
are
neither
first,
The
moving
at a
bipedal trait
high rate
may
be in-
dicated
There
animals.
frequenting the
latter
of rearing unless
of speed.
size.
quenting
the
of
deserts.
diminutive
of
been
has
habit
may have
they
A- observed
Raymond
birds
considerable distance.
Ditmars,
front
the
in.se
L.
ancers, but
dicates the
in
Another theory
ics." feeble as
they were,
theory
William Beebe,
C.
that suggested by
is
ornithologist,
the
lizards
is
organ
is
The
difficulty
with this
both the fore and hind feet do not afford evidence of powers for scratching
upper bones of
being somewhat
id'
in
are
we
than
in the ostriches,
Hint
The
os-
toes of the
hind
feet
it.
longer
relatively shorter
so that
relatively
of StrutUo-
'ostrich"
the
chiefly
for
pose cither
dinosaurs
an
body
is
by
that
were adapted
browsing
herbivorous
lower branches of
the
whole,
the
trees.
or the
In balancing
the
lor
scratching or dig-
long,
sloth-like
ging.
Influenced
the
re-
quite powerful,
was certainly not adapted to quick
mains of these "ostrich mimics" are invariably found in deposits which had
movements such
is
It
must be
satisfact-
been suggested
has
a
suggested
wader which
taceans
and
that
fed
the
animal
was
mollusks,
using
its
long
it was
some particular
function or habit which had already
been assumed in part in the remote an-
ideally
adapted
it
is
evident that
for
cestral
catcher"
"bird
the
of
Less,
expert
with
Tyrannosaurus extremely
Thus
13
neck,
mimic" indicate
of opinion and of
\,t\
mimus
diversity
greal
extremelv
Eoi
ith
small-headed,
the
iS^^
^W^^ssasfc
The "Ostrich
Jlimi.
..
l'it
ami the
on of the "ostrich
the "tyrant" dinosaur left lower), animals which, notwithstanding their e\trrm.
Inhabits, il.*< nd.-tl from similar ann-stors. Photo
i
<
n,i
interpretation.
It
i>
agreed only,
Der,
probability
haps
ing
was
in
all
for search-
"tit
Eorm of shrub or
Tyrannosaurus gives
jaws
known
in
us
and
neither
the
fore
horn,
in
highly
nor
the
hind
limbs
In both
the
flexible,
to
In th
length
of
to
mosl
one of
sheathed
ongated
Tyrannosaurus
fruit.
sents to
toothless
tlic
The
first,
thai
n tdelj
mies,
Tyrannosaurus
itself.
have
/ENEZUELAN ANDES
into tin- vall.-y of Hi.- Uio Omnia.
an elevation of about eleven thousand feel
.
is
up
to
ii
Pii
Travel Notes
By
in
E IMi B
II
more
re-
name Vene-
dotes.
panied by the
\
Maraeaibo
de
<
ij>-l,i.
a-
illustrio
espu<
in
io
cij
k99
VenezuelaLittle
found
ii\
From
name
of Maraeaibo are
Sinimaica
The bongo
Those
Magnifieenl
the
humble
fishing
Indian-
in
the
New
CAR,
Map
western Venezuela showing
portion
reconnaissance ol this pari of northern Soutl
..I"
ical
:i
ol
to
the
at
night-
and Parajuana.
and
in a
Goajira
of greal
.nil'
still
ethnologist
the
to
closed
'i
sur-
villages
The
Venice.
teres!
soon
be credited
to
W ben Uon
J.
fn.ni pin
is
ITlates
Western Venezuela
T
SPIND E N
1!
at
ten o'clock
mom morning.
is
Sinimaica
is
small bra<
Irish
ral
the largesl
lit
of
.1
lakes connected
canal- called
anos.
for navi-
The lagoon
of
series of
l>\
natu-
villages of
La Bora
Boquita,
del
away
There
is
made
now worn
Tat-
is
is
circle
a tide
aii'"--
line
interesting
is
it
Mangrove
ter
"in
was doubt-
to note that
and El
same character,
Barro.
this
Cafio,
17
The men
nose.
feel
which consists of a
and sometimes
above
are
attire
and breech-
belt
by
cloth
ficial
All traffic
You
fireplace
While you
box
is
sit
tilled
with earth.
toasted
plantains
you
see
rectan-
gular houses
The
are cour-
The
upturned faces of
in
from the
makes th
insect
may
ac-
be water.
it
is
an inter-
hack
The
plain
is
dreary stretch
i<
not the
in
In
Venezuelan
histories
nais. Sir Ih
buccaneers
who ravaged
glory
tin'
own immediate
Engla
Is
of which
is
as
in
i-
again.
round
the
old
encroaching lake
tower
time
and
plaza.
Laved
a partial!]
Mara-
fortune.
was
lesser
the
of
huilt
'l
reads
on.'
Raleigh, L'Olo-
and
Iivii
resembling
PeriM) is
known
little
ilones.
delight
The
and
poles
tree,
west of Lake
de
Sierra
unusually large
ami in
(the
Mol
border garri-
caibo
of these
Th< houses
maintains
nt
ii
in
their
'
shrubs.
be
atholic mission of Rio Hacha
Colombia and the other at the lag
Parawaipowa where the \
.11
in
Maracaibo
that
man from
of
fall.
arable
b(
come
warlike
their
their territory.
son.
life
name and
their
bears
Arti-
poncho.
floor the
Bcaveng
little
is
women
volumino
remain-
gra
'fid hell
from
former
'
intact
at
10
is
surrounded by
cotton
is
still
and hammocks
di
ndians.
The products
of the
fam
loom include
and
cactus
to
The
est.
sierras
greal
to
abruptly
rise
this plain
and
From
the
heights.
southern
^.ndes
with
forested
their
fogbound
the
And
thai
sidewind
trails
gorges and
climb
and
slopes
crests.
indeed
deep
ridges,
lofty
men!
to
startling.
A
for
bul
direei
used
Little
trail
iii
arid
T
hose groi
through
Bobures, passes
Torondoy,
dripping
paramo
!>
the
in
Mucumpate.
of
ami
Tor
tin-
to
foresl
center,
coffee
ascends
then
jsasfes
In the
widespreading bucari
the
for the
le
tender
shr
vermilion bios
that
coffee,
roll
to
th.'
become
perhaps be-
rid
winds
of
stoop
in
age an.
thatch
slopes,
-
ing
rain.
their
mud ami
Small huts of
cling
soon
we
valley ha-
tin'
for
ma---
Torondoi
Leaving
find
too dry
February
In
trees are
iri
condition
an.
differ-
make
the
brighter
mountain-sides.
green
of
'
I
ami
savannahs
small
stretches of
nluibit.Hl
The
plantains
hi
111-'
I':
THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL
20
Bhows
Mucumpis Below we
wheedle
not
able
from
meal
noonday
are
to
Mrs.
After
alley.
We QOW
humidity and
While the trees are not of
about us.
soon the forest closes in
is
vines, canes,
timber
the
Andes
imi
characteristic
Out
for
opens,
lost to sight.
is
we
nearing
are
The
its
Mossy
the plant
size of
the
of
paramo
This curious
crown
soms, and
its
thick trunk
grows
feet
human
Pa-
is
not unlike a
and black
Another plant of the paramo
cloak.
growing
steins.
were
for juniper
yellow blossoms.
might be mistaken
It
it
A common
heavily fruited.
a rambling mud-walled
of the
is
ramothe Great
It
made
At Samuro,
felted
with cotton against the cold, its awkward flower stocks set with yellow blos-
years,
Jew.
of
In the Venezuelan
The
dead
that
it
fed elevation.
branches.
is
line.
The paramo
At
ravine-.
moisi
in
itself
From
bush
is
re-
often
The highest
measurements an altitude of
5002 meters (16,411 feet). The trail
drops down through a valley showingsigns of ancient glaciation and after
two hours' travel we come to a region
thing.
Kindliness
River.
Chama
five
peaks
one,
La Corona,
given by
is
latest
where wheat
is
raised.
The
little ir-
day on the
the
trail the
comfori ing.
in
Then
stew
is
there
and
is
grateful and
a savory
perhaps
but
an egg
government
sell-.
On
on a charger.
BpeciaJ occasions
may
be brought
New Hampshire
cuehies, a
population
town of some
largely
At Mu-
hills.
size
Indian,
with a
our trail
The
valley of the
go down
it
is
we
reached
southern end of Lake Mararaibo and during the winter are often
The (rails sidewind deep gorges, and houses are often perched on steep hillsides. In the lower
Coffee is grown on the steep mountain sides
is humid and the vegetation rank and tropical.
is often cut green and toasted in thin slices
cover of larger trees. The plantain a coarse banana
The Andes
upped
in fog.
e the climate
ier a
"i'
tie-
paranin
ni
(lie
Andes
-ilie
is
natural
an old-fashioned
and
city
placed on
fortress,
grown
is
as
travel by
mule
possible.
soil
northern
into
across
the
journey
or
Llanos
grass}
As
pui'eh
expedition.
ucts.
23
The an
sloping
on the dry
earliesl
11
of the
resull
scientific
now seems
.
i
trast of tropical
to
Valera,
Tuetivo
in
rection.
tion
Trujillo,
a
lower country
are
ten
or more
feet
is
Eoresi
of
true paramo.
hot
The
ile
"bat
Ami
known as
tral
in eleva-
some
hut
thousand
short
Carai
The An
extended
em
America
South
mouth of
marked by
style,
i-
spread
is
horizon." was
in
the
po
The
Amazon.
trail,
clay figurin
art
was assoagricul-
ture,
the
utmost
dev<
importance in our
civilization.
METEORS
The meteors an
pari ndi
many
IN
FLIGHT
may burn
entirely
R >p/-"d nr,,l
fr
away and no
fraction of
lich
rs
it
is
mo
The
Flight of a
Meteor
II
HOMSOS
the following article concerns pure science rather than applied - iem
Americans
to
of electrical welding.
is
Elihu
e,
Thomson stands
His contributions to electrical enhundred patents, among them the very great discovery
fact one of the few men of today whose personal achievement
chiefly as
He
is
in
five
having a large effect upon industrial progress. In addition he has given his cooperation
working in applied science to such an extent that President Maclaurin, of the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, recently bestowing upon Dr. Thomson the Fritz
that institution, pronounced him one of the greatest teachers of his generation.
With
this in
mind
it
an unusual pleasure
is
an
astronomical matter which for most of us has heretofore been enveloped in vagueness.
The
brief paper following the present article Dr. Chester A. Reeds, assistant curator of geology
and invertebrate palaeontology in the American Museum, has -u-u'c-tci a tVw of the colleens which particularly illustrate the points male by Dr. Thomson.
The
Editor.
THE
may
fell ci wiiiir
proper
assist
understanding
to
the
of
physical
while
mass of ma!
i.
be
wry
cold,
mpounded with
[ts velocity
on
velocity
in
its
of
its
in
its
path
break
to
high
the
air
he
front
great
fra
temperature
in
by air
it
may
into
it
of
of
the
and op-
it
Stony
which
of
it
CO]
is
Ming
mi
pieces
of
in
- d
stitutes a
resistance
enough
th
motion
When
in
masses of solid
iron.
the
is
high,
mod-
of iron,
such
Rock masses
atmosphere acts so
md and
relatively to
ify
earth's
effectively as a
In*
earth
In
known
as meteoric iron.
are,
however,
known
meteors,
aerolites,
reach
velocity
the
is
earth'as
high
as
shooting
and
siderites
as
ever
thirty
a general
in
arth in
stars,
Id
thus have
entering our
are
sui
so
air.
its
orbit,
lower velocity in
aormous
burning on
idly
flight
tion of
may
it
siderable velocity.
it
is
them
The
flight.
air in front
com-
is
bury
its
still
On
the land
may
it
itself to
there
then
will
two
be
The
luminosity.
The
air in
front will be
survival
time that
may
it
from its having entered our outer air at a comparatively low velocity or upon its having
must consequently
bad
result
much
initial
its
On
it
of
fell
The
recent
industrial
use
the
of
and
steel
is
rial.
crushing strains
insufficient to develop
pieces,
oric
fractured.
velocity will
it
sipated
into small
size of the
mete-
fragments,
of course
is
as
it is
is
mag-
blown away as
fast
if
will
before
its
lie
it
that the
consumed and
any of
it
dis-
reaches the
ground.
The product
whole mass
the other
by air
resist-
burning.
Melted
pear-shaped
meteor in
The
flight of a
meteor
The heat
heated,
drops
so short in
is
surface
its
is
highly
it
possess, as
If,
ment
air.
heated
which
metal,
liquefies,
and
it
is
torn
at
steep.
once
It
off.
its
burns,
can only
from
It enters
is
very sharp
The temperature
limit of
melting point of
itself,
for, as
THE FLIGHT OF
we have
said,
is
it
as
Lei
a piece of
the
ad
to
oxygen
forcible
melt
The wax
soon
as
as
is
Such a meteor,
on entering our thin upper air. will
condense the gases immediately in
therefore not possible.
it.
and
tare
oxygen
the
bringing
to
1'
high,
resistant
ill''
may
denser air
as
ments
will
begins.
it
to
by the
creased
aded surfact
or
oxidation,
the
[f
enough, most,
if
not
all,
ground.
But
to
if
the veloi
cause
such
fracl in ing
break
at
till
or
il
is
long
of the
frag-
no1 high
is
When fragments
idly.
meteors
Iron
ii
soon
When
in a solid
dition,
it
reai b
gradually
than
it-elf in
retarded
nearly
or
likely to be
undergo
to
iron meteorites of
almosl sure to
undergone
ing
the
e el
The
1>\
ombus
total mass.
ili''
uumber
greater
of
tin
naturally
tire
-mall,
during
pletely
cases
come
to earth
There
are
us
ov,
milelargt
<
west
-i
>ize
ii
very
a-
the
oon Butte
con-
great
"Meteor Crater."
Arizona, a few
in
of Win-low.
excavation
The
rare.
i-
ii.
much
Others
flight.
many
i>
known
ni"t
by
far
the
as attributa-
ate. or
perhaps
of them.
It
earth.
to
fall
wastage
the earth
and comparative!]
embedding
the
may endure
round
of
more
formerl]
ient,
fit
miles
know
a size su
inclined to
many
'id
the
remaining
o
merely diminished by combustion and
fusion with the continual cleansing of
mass has
be hoi
course more
much
fracturing
no1
and their form being usually very irregular, they meet with an
enormous retardation as compared with
larger have in
extens
the mass
the
Passing
tli'
burning
to
flight
enough
path-.
frag-
the rate of
.and
will
it
or less horizontal or
rush
The smaller
burn
ii"\\
high as com-
projectile from a
ai
rise sufficient!]
surface.
tical
striking
its
a-
he exl remehj
velocity
initial
tlie
ma
moving
so survived will,
necessarily be
high-powered gun.
would seem
It
of dense air.
last.
front of
not
except
rapidly
velocity that
high
burn out-
will
ami
rapidly,
at
will
to
com-
not
is
jot
An
ici
temperature.
side,
[ce
less
that a
much
Water
the ice
oil'
none the
is
oi
bustible.
wax
blown
is
r,
fall
in
verj
in'.
METEOR
.1
.Many
i-
about forty-five
diameter and
-ix
hundred
hundred
feet
feet
deep,
in
It
28
is
Eeet
fragments of meteoric iron are numerin the slopes of this ridge and on
ous
At some time
fell
in the
and ex-
The
tions
similarity of
between
the
ing and
is
is
very strik-
COLLECTIONS of METEORITES
The collection of meteorites in the American Museum is large and varied, and exhibits
number of specimens
of which Dr. Thomson
in a considerable
various
features
ble giant
moon
are
if
is
Consequently
it
pened to scar
it
of past time.
IX
streaks of light.
ticular
photographs
one
should
not
lose
is
and invertebrate
Museum, there are a
number of transparencies taken from photo-
note
that
It is
also
palaeontology of the
graphs of meteors in
made by Dr.
Observatory,
flight.
These were
Williams
Bay,
Wisconsin.
out.
interesting
Instead
outline as
more
to
of
we might
being
the
light
spindle-shaped
in
01
absent
"holes"
are
in
places,
in
the
neg-
is
it
trail,
and
its
vertebrate pateontology,
The exterior of
in
one
,-i
Eoi
stone meti
fce
gray
is
usually
>'
long
of
the
intermediate
are part
stone and
The large
part iron.
Memorial Hall
Museum. The smaller
Museum
col-
lection are in
at the entrance
to the
stone, iron,
more
and
for
<
chipped surfaces may be dulled by weathering, for even stone meteorites oftentimes
lot
light
,-i
color.
or just
contain
representative
eo
is
of the photographs.
29
wing.
.'
SEl
siderolite
in
considerable
Memorial Hall,
found
teorite ever
is
in
iron-bearing
the largest
this countrj
evidence
in
owing
to the
cracks,
after
it
it
is
in
minerals
this
and
oni
Several cracks
meteorite,
but
O s
!
.ft
-s
P4
S"8
'i
rocks of the
in
by impact.
The iron meteorites have a thinner crust
The
specimens) like
iron
not so black
is
The
interior of
was
the aerolites,
not
these
affected by their passage through the zone
of lire, the atmosphere, for their texture is
meteorites
"Widmanstatten"
or
some
In
iron
known
crosslines
Neumann
lines"
as
may
in
the
collection
Their outer mm
which cannot be etched.
faces may be chiseled into a nose, rounded,
or pitted, depending upon whether they
turned over in their rapid flight. The most
'Hiking instance
compressed
the
large
the
Museum
of a pro-
deeplj
in
ol
scarred,
the
pei
while
imen
the
ough and
front
There
is
tl
has
31
and
1
1,
invertebrate
palseontologj
jolleetions of material
01
the
Another exhibit
is
;i
1-
specimen
is
probability not
meteoi
ite.
Chester a.
L'i
Bear view of the Willamette meteorite to show the effects of tin- flume-, whipped l.aekward
speed of the flight and the fierceness of the burning. This meteorite, now in Memorial Hall of the
lean Museum, was found in Willamette Valley, near <>r. go
ovember 9, 1906.
hack of the ever for another Mew of this meteorite]
Amer
Autumn
Bv
SYSTEMATIC
II
Migrations of Butterflies
<>
A k
SHANNON
The
subjects
when
flight, of the
in
full
themselves,
the
elusivencss,
distinguishing
mereh
of
difficulty
loi al
annual beha\
difficul-
movi menl
gratory, so that
population
residenl
Erom the
is
all
ool
are
these
the waj
in
information.
There-
surprising thai
we have
definite
dra\i backs
Eore
impossible to dis-
incoming travelers
tinguish
mi-
considered
be
is
it
range of various
a]
ma}
which
spei ies
ragmentarj
knowledge
the
of
take
movements
ami
stancy
regularity
the
"monan
and
the
eubule
h"
ion
con-
the cas
these,
((
course, then
"I'
ertain
pari icularh
in
In addi-
spring.
movements Erom
dispersal
ral\ in
in
oi
pi
>.
i"
sea
in
real
in
in
nosia
sulphur"
"greal
pari
anv
with
butterflies
moths
(Aletia argillacea
moth
on which questions
whether butterfli
sonal
bod;
sive
ior.
fact, there
Iii
In-
south in-
ami.
una-.'
ami the
bean
velvei
(A nticarsia gem'matilis
I,
n hii h
M0NARCH5 IN MIGRATION.
MIGRATIONS OF GR A P TA PYRAMEIS. JUNONI
AND OTHER BUTTERFLIES.
.
J5i
Autumn
migrations of
in
wind
ion
direction, m)
in
numbers
l;irir<l\
al-o
...
>
llnwiinl
.1
of
migrating
the
wind
::i
approach of winter.
w nil the
re-
seems
ment,
be
to
strong
especially
life of
in
that
continent.
and on account
number
of the larger
of detailed
rec-
war
In the
W. Tutt. the
L898, Mr. J.
reviewed
lepidopterist,
the
British
scientific
concluded
"although
that,
and
nothing
It
ili.-
birds.
It
an
analogy
the
The
none.
latter
is
regular, systematic.
former appears to be
purposeful; the
spasmodic,
irregular,
undertaken
solely
uncertain,
on account
of
the
Yet,
as the
article. 1
recenl
ture
and
el'
dragon
migrations through-
llv
out
tion, of season,
follow
Long
Island
drawn,
in very large
island itself.
subject
this
is
which
migrants
that
tii
coast
found migrating
in
observations
As
S(
of
result
of eight
years of per-
Long
been
[sland, a
definitely
"monarch"
begins
established
butterfly.
about
for
the
are
evident
procession composed of
company. Thus Long Beach on southern Long Island, a sandy, barren land
unobscured by
trees,
has been
chosen
Another
found
tion
assisting
factor
has
been
from
nounced as
day
it
is
to
in
day.
and as pro-
apparently due to
been
it
is
cont racted
many
change
case,
southern
autumn
In any
the travelers
the
in
be
constantly
the writer's
question, however,
is
in
tion than
into
betin
coastwise
is
one part of
tin-
wind direction
same
cause,
although
tin'
an important factor.
Mr.
Trowbridge found that when the
wind was from the northeast the hawk
less aits as
C. C.
migration
Long Island
slight,
or ceased entirely.
But when
The movement
and
wot, many birds were urged southeastward into Massachusetts, Rhode Island,
and into eastern Connecticut, as well as
mid-August
lasts
35
Islan
profus
tion
down
more
to the
direct flightwaj
[dentical be-
Ai
ci
mam
although
made
been
in
wind
<>
ties
com
and
n.
some
in
far as
cases, so
autumn
butterfly
migrants
Long
of
Island.
another
Still
feature should be
local
For
close
in
when
terflies travel
protective trough
in the
dune
slopes and
the
many
rier
in
southern
its
steadily wesi
tion
The
butterfly
arehs"
made
of
vicinity
years,
way
their
observations
were
and
work
lee,
affords.
it
clude
only
in
this
of
the
the
in
year
have
noted
have
1916,
immediate
For although
walk.
in
thej
in
"mon-
previous
Connecticut,
been
clearly
These notes
at
Wind northwest.
Long Beach is visited
Libellula pulchella,
iunius are in
Anax
Tramea
the-
at
lav,
rata
sta-
a small pari of
ami
majority
with a
an any
il,, mis
also
present.
,1,1,1,!.,'
Libt
/>.
observations have
chosen
L916.
the
direction
12,
st
The Sightway
2.20 p.m.
,!!
Long Beach. This divergent path is followed throughout the migratory season,
although some individuals fly directly west
"Monarchs" are preswithout diverging.
ent but not in great numbers, living side by
side with the dragon tlies. At 4.30 P.M. two
almost
certain!)
butterflies,
dark-winged
Vanessa antiopa, pass west and are followed
by one Basilarckia disippus.
2.15.
I bellula
pass west,
pul,
A humming
and
h, lla
manj "n
bird,
Py
3. 16.
stu.lv
in
L2.10.
ubult
12.25.
.'
spen
on bay
the afternoon
MhiM
ll
i.i'
is
r.lis"
in. .tin
in-
:m. in.
few
/."/...
aN.i -.mi,
pass,
"iiii.iiai.lis"
..i
:-
ruin ami a
philodic,
marsh.
tin'
h,
;,,
ami
...
'
...''..
Scattered
8.20 i.m.
archs.
9.05.
-.
Ihwest.
"mon-
of
procession
I."!.
lllllllllllim
--.-
pa
1".
inti]
I.",
ami one
....i
sion
-I
coi
dragon
The
n ind
shit ts,
ere
fl
also
apra.
Occasionally J
o
mall di a
flies,
pa
a scattered pr
rable extent.
The small red
>'>
dulum
bit
oming soul b a1
more indiscriminately
pass.
bei
els
here and
rapa
'
A humming bird,
A hummingbird.
2.45.
3.30.
...
I.
migration.
jority, then Grapta
.limes.
lie
"Mon-
ofuse
tl
number
fortj
of Pi,
and
thilodic,
ithwest.
Scatti
and
pul
Libellula
chella passes.
1
/'"
1.45.
groups
are
in
apa
passes
Fifteen
steadily east.
iew at a ime.
11.46.
September
northwt
'
scattered
or eighteen
in
24.
onan h"
">
of "monarchs"
stream
dozens of Graptas,
olios philo
west, with
/'
diet
Dui ng
15.
passes h
the last
G
fifty minutes,
1th
steadily
ent,
ami
Pi.
east
in
<
rapm and a less number ..(' JuFew dragon flies are pres-
ris
mostly
/
wind
ttrong
Thousands
1.56.
.1
st.
10.45.
/.../
ImM
/..,.
..
jinn,:.-..
...
I. ill, II,
/iiilrli, lln
1,1
The small
m.s'.
Si/mi',
llv
dragon
red
asimialh
...
passes.
12.40.
A "monarch."
12.41.
'
G
12.55.
Later
mm. mi.
A few
From
com Imli'
2.30.
Catopsilia
2.45.
Dragon
these
thai
rei
equent,
ks pa--.
seems
ords n
ubult
passes east.
fair to
'
i:
t.
.i
with
lesser
Clear
68
in
onan
mi-
nosx
fabricii,
<
Pi, ris
and
nppus,
autumn
westward
pus}
movement diminishing.
-h
habitual
are
in gal hers in
3. 15.
\ sti
he northwest and
a pouring ram. accompanied by a
the west, sweeps over tl
is hidden by flying clouds of sand; all mi-
hs"
less
Mil'
las!
rapa
three
and
atalanta
is
although
these
anvar.
probabh
Pijrann
'
for
the
records
are
species
>
When we
'
insei ts
traveling
along southern
steadily
irises
A humming
4. 15.
Imi.\
noted
enl
10.15.
"I
i..-
west,
passes east.
1.10.
the
in
futur
bird.
it
-'-.
and
to
more
their exact
pai
sland.
th.
From
"monarchs"
of
pass
in
thousand
the
is
1
an.
fev
To
the
onej
[sland and
n partic il
birds,
humming
which
Island.
i:
i]
22.
Mies lure
lihiliiilii-i
Some
hills.
Pieris
I.ilnlluln
-rasses, mil'
rapas rest
pulchella
among
the
hawks hack
30.
A storm on the previous
is followed by clearing, a drop in temperature, and a powerful northwest wind
I'jion
he.
nnies
a gale at the shore.
which
leaving the train at Coney Island a procession of "monarehs" is seen to be traveling
down Atlantic Avenue toward the west.
Seven are seen within a space of fifteen feel
about the station exit, others eome from the
east in scattered Mights of a dozen or more.
This procession continues westward all the
way to the Point.
September
day
shrubbery
shelters,
fly
toward
west
the
is lost
traveling
are
rata
October
milder
It
is
yester-
1.
than
train
p.m.
While the
halts
in
the
Island Rail-
Coney
road
yards.
"monarehs" and
Anax
from
the
over the
continue
scattered
is
moving
two
two
come
Junius
east,
train,
My
and
west.
A
procession
down the
avenue.
At the Point itself,
a great migration of
of
the
thousands
small
dragon
fly,
Sympi hum rubicundulum, is in progress
III.
arehs"
..
quite
e<
same
".Monfollow
the
course.
Some My
and '
o in shorn the same
Gra
All alike leave this shore, and
behavior.
agains! a wind that is still quite stri
theu waj wesl ai ross the bay and toward
Staten [stand until
theyarelost to sight.
others.
What
This
true
is
hibernation
with
show
would
some
So
ca nia.
el'
analogy
partial
our winter
although
with
For
resilient birds.
with
are
species
certain
us
the
throughout
year,
the
is
39
inili\ icluals
hose
of
quite
con-
u interaboul \'e
stant
and
con-
sistent
movemenl
significance
this
which begins
a
me from
sists
11
per-
so
long
for
acter
southward
autumn
ame charconducted
records
The
light
th
show
red admiral,
.
.nice.
,nil\
over
ot
southwestern corner
butterfly
More-
''I
t>>
tember
Me Vnrk
the waters of
ii
P.
i.-w
be present
than
men-.
wi
T/ir
ments.
suggestions,
It
is
at
migrant-
which
and
Dumber
are
\|
re-
of
winter
southeast
toward the
i
ion
of
recenl
;i
desi
el
this
species
the
British
<
..
!onl
n- southward,
1912.
9,
1
1
Si
in.
al least
report
in
from
once that,
butterfly
Entomologist
howevi
evident
undoubted^ tn
in
.i
contained
Lo]
hi
ii
hue
en
Island,
'
westward over
these
Island.
ninety
unavoidable.
turns
Long
Id
travels
west
Mot
near
Nortuii
of
01
number
thi se
!r;ivin-
MiLTiiut^
in-
terior
over,
Mr
b]
flying
P,a\
trend
been
William T.Davis
as
the
has
it
ment
toward
was
for instanci
southward movethere;
far
complete.
reported
conditions
should
these
-cell
Yet
favor-
deep-
an-
from
sho
able
-lull
\alurallv
further
upon
individuals
mer
a-
studies
ditional
as
jusl
our sum-
oi
Ad-
period?
Earther
north,
follows a definite
.mil
sonie-
whal
at
date,
definite
region
traveling
[sles
i
ami
indica-
autumn migra-
to
Then,
ion.
three Basilarchia
too, onlj
migrants,
other
would seem
disippus
Moreover, although
wasnol accidental.
was
September
only on
identified
learlj
L6,
an-
certainlj
:/,,'.
it
is
highly
common
This
noted.
is
"clouded
so little
is
passed,
is
in
many
in
sc
The presence
tude.
cabbage butterfly
\rrv
:-
interesting,
ropean importation,
rapce),
being a
for.
it
common
the
of
(Pieris
recalls the
World
also.
Eu-
many
litera-
In some
Pieris brassicm.
numbers involved have been
butterfly,
cases the
or
urate]
ioB over
appearance of
drifting
has
cabbage
lis
ing
steadilj
be land,
one direc-
in
writer
[ndeed, on<
19, 1915,
when
Yet
passed east.
single individual
its
i-
is'.t |.
shown by an extensive
32, 23, and 24,
west, as
flight during
ami
September
recent
h\
September observa-
addition to this
William T.
Mr.
however,
is
summer
late
which would
account for these eastward flights on
Long
south,
Island.
its
cases,
on this
observation
earlier
movement,
an
from
avoid
t"
lie
offered,
it
is
as
tory
those of birds.
are
interesting
these species
It
moreover, that
fact,
butterflies
id'
is
an
all
of
and dragon
sibility in the
movement
the
conception of a prolonged
tor
The
monarch."'
travel
for each,
exact
limits of
the longer-lived
species,
can he deter-
seem
of
and tracing
noted
moment
these
li.it
to iv-i.
butterflies
ami then
to pise again
flight
in
them
'The
"great
in
puzzling, as
rapa
on
eastward
habitual
sulphur"
is
flighi
is
somewhat
September
at
(Catopsilia
eastward flight
of
8.
Catopsilia
is
quite
ei ideni
their
later
coast.
eubule)
in
marking
problems,
hitherto
lives of son
to the south of
undoubtedly
I'
neglected,
in
the
familial' butterflies.
<*
1^
TRACK OF A DEER MOUSE
IN
THE WOODS
Mill life in
'
by a
new
race of men.
{Jan.
7.5)
Then
is
^!!ii
L*
IJH!*
three inches
and
this
Tins
aspect,
q a considerable
.
ation
and
What
invitation.
That aim
and coarsely.
Our moment
of life costs
moments
.
We
many
of divine leisure, in
which your
life is
and
finest discipline."
{Dec.
2S) Thoreau
JQ&mi
" You glance up these paths, closely embraced by bent trees, as through the side aislea of a cathedral, and expect to
What a comment on our life is the least strain of music! It
hear a choir chanting from their depths. (Jan. .10)
lift*, me above all the dust and mire of the universe.
Almost all. perhaps all. our life is. speaking comparatively, a
We habitually, forever and .-v.-r,
SteTeotrped depair, (.., we neroi at any tun- r.:.|./e the full grandeur of our destiny.
underrate our fate. (Jan. 13)
There are in music such strains as far surpass any faith which man ever had in the
He must be very sad before he can comprehend them.
loftiness of his destiny.
Music hath caught a higher pace than
any virtue that I know. It is the arch reformer. It hastens the sun to nil setting. It invites him to his rising. It is the
(Jan. 8)
... Whan we are to poor that the howling of the wind shall have a
sweetest reproach, a measured satire.
."
(Jan. 18)
THOREAU
music in it
.
45
sble
that
...
this
bird,
"' r 0>eir Ion estate, let me say that I could tell a pitiful story ... if my spirits held out to do it.
I coubl
them with a sufficient list of failures. ... I think worse of myself than they can possibly think of me. being better acquainted with the man.'' (Feb. 10) Thokxau
47
bd
f'iff!
"...
50
My
difflcultiei
with
my
a crumpled sunbeam
mayst he wound off!
on some flower'
What momenta
Thou
will
nol
of the
sup
fungi
what
is wanted.
Friendship
sympathize
Bach
ranged
Two friends ex
and floating pi
the reel from which thou
I
(/on, to)
THOB1
11
51
1 11
I
1
5
O
0-
CO
'-
5 | 5 | |
1 ~ c " I
USS 3i'luc
c
Ml
'
-2
^
u*
5
*
I a
\
II -||
l
a
iJl
a 2
1 i
A
The snow ha
fallen
WOODLAND PATH
id
cold.
me.
it,
Go
do the
i.Shtfn
d laborious
life.
the
if
.
heard
(Jan. so)
wherever there is a soul
(Jan. HI)
be a fruitless one.
...
is
i,
will
insect
ut
to
I
adminwould
If
v.-r,
A SUNSET SKY
"The man
blessed
is
Thoreau
Cinematography
in
in-,
Till:
tu
work
with
the
well-known
in
the exposure
crease
law,
This law
tion used.
the
that
required
is
in-
directly
of the magnifica-
is
as-
hi
hr
hand,
other
length
of the
longer
the
used
lens
the
is
>
magnification.
in the
foi a
In'
greater
the
difficulty, by
work which
have done,
auxiliary magnifying lens
I
havi
sharp
the
for
When
tures
..
of
the
io.l
to cine-
difficulties
encoun-
is
problems.
linpossilile
i.-ilh
materially to in -
exposure
in
cine-
pi
made
be
isl
be
i'ii\
urns that th
ily
i-
srorl
alterna-
employ
iii
having larger
ombination
than
.ells
ed
of
has
to
duration.
thirty-
use oJ
Phi
mag
binal
in-
the
up
'
'
no
special
mo-i ing
vibrations,
one
for
ndh
""'
'
idual
Him and
pii
-till
.-,
pit
hea-
my bird woi
ipod, and brace
a!
i
ion,
espei
am
often
"in',
me-
problem.
heavy
amera, a
the telepho!
lens
This
projected.
of
ii
phi
lai gesl
tele
call
'-
in
of
6.
lieation
I
I
-.
el
is
-nun
ma;
el
mow a most
ile and
prohibits e relative vibrabetween the pn-itlnn- mi 1,,.
'
problem
which
re-
advisedly,
results'*
quired.
film,
is
intei ioi
the
h ith
'
'
eordingly
image
ed.
i-
bined
lens.
the
probli
ting of a
lenses,
chanical
e
regulaj
the desired
is
Ltseli
in
the
b}
cine-
field
constantly
be
use ol
'
enlarged
tion
make
ii
ith
Vibration
he
plain win
telephoto work to
-.'.
an be had to
lie
which
glass
photog-
Mill
in
[ighl
complete
present enemy
r,
It
second of
is
fought,
Pot
hie
a.i >j>1
tll
sometimes as much a
hundred dian
nlar telephoto
ary.
Ami,
li
in
of
comparison
COMPARISON BETWEEN
Both photographs
3"
LENS AND
12"
TELEPHOTO
:ge
swinging food shelf for birds on the estate of the Honorable G
The upper picture was
Florida, and were taken from Hie same standpoint.
.how a
lens, the
lower with
\-" telcplioto
ROBIN
IN
A BIRD BATH: A
TELEPHOTO TRIUMPH
to
:it
twentyLens
:it
.rori
YOUNG AT NEST
60
shown by
home life of
of the nests
telephon.
with the
the birds.
.it
Awn
[eland, Louisiana
LOUISIANA
guarding
tl
lens.
62
same basis as
the
..n
5"
'"
%," mo-
L"
IT" lens,
picture
still
the
,i..
and
necessary
ter.
h..u
the question of
ing
telephoto
Owing
for
described,
difficulties
used
long
when
foci
of
of
telephoto
lenses
bird
work.
applied
to
most
prehens
the difficulties
if
for me.
Hut, as "necessity
invention,"
photography,
still
song
is
many
for
nite
distance,
This
could
defi-
which
distance
it
bird
to ap-
be determined
for each
indi-
vidual bird.
unci
then
It
wort
and
....
still
me
to
that
if
could
satisfactory
size,
field
would
pened
up to me.
This reasoning combined with
some simple mathematical calculations led
to the procuring of the cinematograph telephotos already mentioned.
As
,-i
photography
will
say that
it
is
manifestly
by
and
of the
same
often
have
in
the
gradually
me openly
permit
is
The
pictures.
early
in store
years at
making the
best
the mother of
and
birds would
had
wvro
problems
the
Having worked
the eine-
light
1
usefulness
t'nr
comparatively close
inches.
pic-
work.
ties
motion
will
It
ten so
oine-
little
secure
to
met in produccinematography.
is
tenses
the
to
bj
consent
would be
it
ledge
tures'
heat
successfully
which
telephotos
still
and foggj
know
ir-
and development.
This objectionable quality of negative is due
to the action of violet and ultra-violet rays
which are present to an excessive degree berespective of the exposure
tween
the
lens
and distant
objects.
This
and should
be reduced by employing a light shield in
front of the telephoto lens for cutting off all
exl raucous light rays.
'.
near the earth's surface, are transparent for the longer waves of light, which
cially
than
sion,
is
the
our "vision
degree.
On the other hand, it is
supposed thai the passage of even moderate
cessive
open and
be able
Of the
""
n-cl.
to
as
hir.I
Museum
well
IN
CINEMATOGRAPHY
63
amounts of watei vapoi offers a turbid medium to the passage of violet and ultra-violet
light waves, scattering them and producing
upon the photographic emulsion, which is
supersensitive to these rays, much tl
fleet
selected
that would
through
be seen
by viewing
a sheet of finelj
mum
in
the ultra-violet
human eye
is
not
verj
\ :i
..
.1-
rays,
landscape
This
ground
glass.
is
at a
maxi-
which the
to
sensitive,
and de
the prese
is
film
and
modern
and adjusted
tools that
it
is
is
light,
iolet
deep yellow
deed, so great
li
lie
scientifically
absorbing
for
spei ial
pani
filter,
all
possible,
of
In
new
desired, to elimi-
if
in
distant views.
The end
blue the
in
and thus
as
nil ra
distant
In order to
to he
sought
however,
for,
represent
the
I'."
lt'lis.
Wliil.- Itu-
..
is
that
will as closely
as
een
in
^f^ r ^\0$^^
,,i
OPEN CUT
matiti
lica,
1
feldspar,
in.ii.
piartz
and
developed in
and opaline
United Statet
are strongly
11
(lf\.'iiip,.(l
feldspars,
Hi,'
Geological Survt
IN
lilac
kunzite
is
discover
ts of
that rock.
By
courtesy of the
nited State)
'
ril
less
region
_-
in
no
the eye
in so
its
to
prospecto
has
w.'alll,
of
rock,
and uncovered
dazzling
inhospitable
Gem
L.
IF.
confidence
t'..r
the
"the
affirms,
production
of
ic
iks,"
his-
the expectant
arly shows
them inferior
oi
t"r
prosj
relinquish
might
pursuit of these
his
blessed
ot
neither
h.-i~
^h<-
ere,
belts,
the
in
to the
in beii
Iit
Ii
matter
oi
gem
-
hunt*
ii'lar;
of the world.
die
Never!
quaint
bi
Ii
and
Thon
3,
in
thi
upon the
chemico-crystallographic
agencies
at
wort
mation of large
of rock,
thi
bough gems
as
States can-
gem producer of
commercial importance.
In only
four important regions have rewards for the
us in her
ea rths
pompouslj
more bomel;
very stimul
crimination
gem
As
our own
in
a dictum,
oi
wl
fittest
|uickly
ranges
CA P
A.
humour
quiet
ii
climate
stones
beaut; an
G K A T
P.
anil
:i-
wide and
exploration.
of
an
Within a few
tonishing
THE
A. 1/
A'/,' /.'. I.
hunter.
hut
it
brevity of
as found.
from
lied in
in
more
mond
discoveries in
be
to
rather
hints, than
the
Maine,
tourmaline
veins
of
New
southern
of Ari-
Mexico,
liancy
he prosaic
are incidental
in
truding roots.
little
further investigation
beautiful
The
locality of
nouncement of
visited
more
the
dia-
sensational
The important
in
Even the
MrSKI'M JOURNAL
its
many
by
disclosures,
organized in 1S81.
its
president,
the
The region
is
that
spar,
all
well
was
and upon
mineralogists,
though
in its
try rock,
ing
it
course
penetrat-
its
constricted
openings,
gem
The zonal
character
is
sitic association
wall.
at
The
lithia
Madagascar
common mica
(muscovite),
is
blended with
and
is
most capriciously
GEM MINING
IN
olored
uncovered
clay.
in
and
changes,
in
the
among
entails
the
sees
in
designation
alterations.
ii
"dead pockets."
The Pulsifer
in
tin>-t
been crystallized,
gem matter
allot.
mi. -a,
embedded
1916,
the
in
Mr.
of
secured
one
the
at
min-
i.illy
valu-
and
am-
tepidolite,
met,
ceded
original
lie
mineral individuality
1
radiating
elts
and
in
its
and with
one region, the
tourmalines
in
to
Scant justice
cat
this prodigality,
the
in
revel
in
astonished at the
uncommon
crystals,
'o
es
i
i
r chants
color
and
its
exult
in
markets
its
Lmpressiveness of
in
all
other
of
localitii
tion in the
Natural
American Museum of
lli-torv
the
cut
ri
]
i
size.
have,
kunzites
i
China,
and
less
gem
do
Ma
eld
wholly
the
big
still
fourth.
in a
.red.
mi
another,
in
ir
lilac,
topaz
discoverable in
of mineral profusion,
mica "ith
olored
kunzite,
is
tourmaline,
red
I
us to southern
sulphides
in
region
where tourmalines,
a
and the many lithia cot
eir hues and displayed
plorers these
ran
ish
'." ails
clustering asso.
kunzite.
with
e,
prize.
California
n hole
lithia-containing
inn
iorts
he
'
able
salt,
encountered
pockets
beryllium
Lithia
In
Pulsifer
'
the
coarse granite.
eral
the feld
"I'
and
(cleavelandite)
apar,
June,
some
in
rude str.v
ies,
Here the
hosts, as-
in
of miner-
es
gei
sisted
for feldspar,
Thr0U|
have
alization
gem
activil
it
"live
so-called
aide
when one
<.f
ih..
grouped
'
polisl
while
in a
wall
nihellito.
68
tlic
stupendous
of purest
cliffs
Dp
1905
to
yielded
whose refractive
by
thread
phenomenon
by
or
inclusions,
The
hollows.
disposed
metrically
stones
locality
noted,
l,,'
caused
Mesa Grande
tlic
which
in
is
sym-
colorless
(achroits)
in the
Morgan gem
and which,
pounds
was
California,
in
little
F.
and combination.
worthy of note that the California
congener from
the tourmaline mines of Madagascar.
A closing note of interest is to be recorded
in il
ecurrence of piuk beryl. These delicately tinted crystals have much charm, from
peculiarities in their crystallization, but to
the gem hunter they appeal by reason of
the promise they half fulfill, that they may
somewhere, some day, attain the gem quality
of the famous morgauite (vorobyevite) of
Madagascar, a princely gem with which
Nature has enriched the mountains of that
island.
These pink beryls have appeared
in San Diego County, associated with yellow, green, and even blue varieties, but they
have not yet been found possessing the tone
depth and richness of the Madagascar stone.
An observation of interest to be made
coloring, its variety, size,
is
It
se lilai
dence of
lithia, the
commingled development
as
crystallization
New
City of
in
for new
was named
legitimate senses
all
it
was
approximated
in
the beryls
succession
in
closely
mineral
the
tion of quartz.
among
zona,
Centuries
Museum.
day
and
five
In
its
appeal both
interest,
among
reflects
is
;i
presents
it
salt its
com-
its
these
chemical convariations
genesis
interesting
in
hile
taJlographic
development, and
reactions,
offers
it
ind
development
and
is
eircum-
"chameleon"
it
aesthetic
occurrence
ii
and
enclose exactly in a
varies in
it
and
stituents,
to
difficult
is
formula, since
its
As a natural
minerals.
position
to scientific
the
an inviting
in
electrical
field
As a gem
study.
for ex-
and
pits
moval
of
waste,
where
he
searched
the
The
in
become
filled
finest
solid greens of
remarkable for
Maine, but
its
its
in California
incentive
of
expanding
markets,
almost
GEM MINING
ship
American gem
ig
symptomatic
invariably
lowed
many
in
by
fields
is
fol-
a later saturation of
\asion
lias
rugged
refractory
strata.
as linnet- an.
and
halls,
turquoise,
range of quality
The
The demand
for
gem
this
easily
and the output in 1908 was apto which yield Neva. la.
praised at $150,1
Colorado, Xew Mexico. Arizona, ami California contributed.
Turquoise is not re
satisfied,
gem
unstinted
with
garded
collector;
by the
too often repaid his
color.
of gems
admiration
disappointment by
confidence with
..f
lias
it
it
classed
is
among
loss
its
rani
first
dency
rendered
durability,
rivals
.'her -In-,
i
of
sacred
I>r.
connoisseurs
iy
popularity today
Berthold
quart
"i
color
Li
category
a
DO Ml
that
it
stones;
of
"to
Tibetan,
the
stone, to
urquoise, and
1"
call
monstrance VI 1.1
RE, informs the a
ia
turquoise and not a
gat
The turquoise
brush.
developed
may
lized
i
in,
found
is
turquoise
ha- monopo-
Arizona
in
product
of
the
tate.
of hills which
approacl
lei
.-it
i,,n-
and
consequent
of
position
the
ur
decom-
initial
and
matrix,
the
else-
secondary
is
u|
later
the
gem
itself
-tidal
favorable
in
quartz.
to eight
In
in
in. -lie-
host
thread-,
in
ibbons of inter
stone
of
quality
gri en
patches,
in
pun- turquoise,
The
kaolin.
soft
aot
is
six
appeal's
.,r
concen
of
nuclei
and
i,
separates
and
\
lo,
turquoise,
tt
tli
commercial purposes.
for
worthless
pale varieties
the greenish
I.
lompanj
by the Arizona Turqu lise
Tin- company ha- attacked tin- -te.-p slope
I. In.;,
Peak, one of the Mm.
,,pe.
'
.!
open
ail
foi
mat
The operation
cut.
ion oi
-,
ai e
distin
eable gems
si
..
the
form
to
extracted.
lie
rence,
ir-
rock
of
veinlets
in
crevice-,
-tone."
Mohave Count)
paint
offen-
is
hark
seams of
the
that in the
ordinary
is
solutions
turquoise.
blotch
xi.le
ir
ing
ciri ulal
the
turquoise
RE,
its
the Field
eyes
and
centuries,
unmistakable.
is
fine
in
ha- lieen
it
many
f..r
examples by its
the other gems.
At any
precious
of
one
ee ling
less
bj
most
it-
in
rate
But
deterioration.
to
stains
sui
forming
or
regularlj
not
is
mor
in
69
altera!
compai
ai
depositing
dull,
veins and
in
another
been
Lntru
decomposition,
consequent
with
sions,
igneous
of
of
I'lii,','--,-
it
and
to be a product of alteration,
appears
IN
industries,
ies ol
gh.
ami great
Drill
aide
bj
in-
each twelve
bolt
!'.
II
blast
ing.
ami
included
the
in
general
conditions embrace a
Cambrian
invaded
rock,
geographic
The
litholog-
preexistent
by
later
Pre-
is
picked out.
outline
the
<
being mat
ma
ton-
of
tenderly
t-.
and
iilat,--l
nit,
for
satisfaction
it-
pun- flu,
are
rock
thus
scrutiny
li
-.
ward
'
implen
eroded, assume
,.t
granites
'in-.
Bundreds
in,
extracted
i,
are aft.
solicitude.
Tinl;
ri
-t
uieral.
im
requires
new developments of
-I
tic
THE JACK
RABBIT,
i>m
rabbit drive
irrigation and the resulting inno longer occurs in California,
creased occupation and cultivation of the laud have effectually reduced the ranks of the
previous hordes in the state and driven the remnant to a restricted range among the foothills.
The largest rahl.it drive Known to have taken place in California was that of 1896
at Fresno, when eight thousand people participated and twentv thousand rabbits "ere
killed
i'.v
i;
11
in California
CVXTII
from plmn.-iv
ii-trr.i i.iii-
ai'euuiulat.'d
of their birth,
of
to a small vial,
a*
'
washing the
of birth;
that
01
weeks of
pipette
ubbei attai
I.
i.t
snow was
the Coast
develops
thosi
for the
r\
life of
Bide "T
in
tl
was
make
the
fields
at
showing along
from empty
it
foothills,
where
life i>
nished by
tin-
jack rabbit.
Nbv<
speed
t"
air,
was
mj desk
at
my
to
was Bhout
campus
ing,
an
in
the w
jai k
and were
CJniversitj
the
rush "i
feel
on
he
wi
Soon
rabbit.
tlub,
its
witli
iti'li.w
an angle of
the
away with
foothills,
Three laborers
outside.
t'u r-
from
'Hi'
material-
it'
ble - Lftness.
road
iron
"I
yellow,
Valley.
lia.l
em
leapt
LUTHOl
ized
tin'
listening,
ing,
ti
Now
tei
a generalized
ite
instinct
In
wooddevelopmenl
inks,
THE
>i\
mamm
01
their developing
learned by imitation of the pal
moment
rabbits.
it;
bul
and
ment; and that the play
building which ."
birth
yi
'
bej
tin'
It
was
tin-
from
the
fifteenth
length
they outstrip
it,
At
in
nu-
unhurt
without
(not
expense
the
of
She
to observe n
room.
saw two
large,
It
it,
turning and jumping at the enemy in pugilistic fashion while expostulating in a harsh,
Diligent search of the room diselosed one other baby in the farthest corner
under the radiatora family of two. Both
to
could be held,
mie hand.
little
The California jack rabbit (Lepus cdlifornioua Gray) is born in an unusually advanced condition. The young rabbit is covered with fur, his white teeth are cut, and his
His coat
is
brown with
much
richer in
ami he
labeled a very
is
like
On
from
his
mouth and
his
On comparison he
of his mother.
His ears arc not half the
length of his head, whereas hers exceed the
length
in
muzzle
short
is
and pointed
like
by two inches.
Also his
and broad instead of long
hers in
fact,
his face is
ludicrously
lies
his
in
inability
much time
below.
head
legs
By
to lengthen
in the
length of the
growth of
tin'
ears
then
Playing
When
rabbits
are
intensely
with
up
into
the
air,
dropping
to
listening
and
very short.
He i* not yet *o afraid as his mother and
my that appears, while scolding in n harsh, low \>iu ii<-<]
i.
In
on thej
increase
in
the
morning
of his life;
first
length
(it
an astonishing rapid
on the third da;
rat.-.
lit-
.1-
Be
loni;
.1-
will
face
about
and jump
\..n.
Ids
L-'.-kI.
Liu
from
tin--
Mill'-
dicing
deer-like,
leader:
follows;
the
first
is
shadow of a
:i
to
following the
feet
I/.
Finally one
He watches
curiosity.
eagerly,
ears
his
gresses a
He
pro-
little,
from the
shadow again where they remain, momentarily interested in washing each other's
faces.
Soon thej
in eyes, ears
onlj a
shadow after
away, lowering
little
Ah!
it's
.lack races
is
it
like
On March
showed the
(sixth
2
first
they
day),
recognition of the
old
their
lirst
little
red
or
three
'
astounding.
at
last
eat clover
seventh
well
It
is
bit
Therefore
son.
for
reducing the
rabbits
is
the
best
ranks
during
of
the
time
these
winter
drive,
rabbit
unique
the
of
no longer occurs
and
the
in
in California.
West,
II
holi-
and barbecues, when men. women, and chilered from miles about, driving the
rabbits
into
corral,
where as many of
competed in
as desired
mber
killed
in
indelible lessons
been
that
the
single drive
:i
rabbit
California up to
drives in
number of
1898 was more
He had must
custom
ever
people, 20,1
100
the
California
drive
rabbit
he largest
knew
1896,
rabbits killed
of the past.
changed
ii
mil
tion
from the
Breeding rapidly, and each individual
life probably eight oi
long, tli.' hosts had grown strong, maintainEast.
ing
their
enemies
nnt innl
liseas
woi
In- blanket
army of
great
from
driven
the
of
hundred
its
these
a.
containing
only
wild
state's
res each),
irrigation pro
ing.
an
bt'e.
unnoticed
of
several
thi
has bee
nn.
jack
-peed,
thing
but
we
no
bounty
and
-1:111.
i.
the
bi
forget that
the
of
game,
it
built
has
life
pea. efu]
elj
race
for grace
known anyit
led
It
i-
likely that
to
these
enemies
those
,-.
ith
who
I'..'
.-iv
sui
But
I,.
e,
well
a-
nothing
noted for
part
small
it-
five
been
back to the
succumb
more than
The
has
becoming
abb
ja<
dominion.
fleet-footed
tin
his
chase.
barlej
pic-
drier foothills
tin
blj
t
dens and
oyed.
todi
ha\ ing a
has
plai e
at
fur.
ci
to
ectively;
And
aelty.
in
have given
fields
dairies,
number of rabbits
ranged from a few
hundreds
rrain
hards and
pic-
tainly well;
IN CALIFORNIA
i
tailed
as
.)
to
thi
hawk and
oi b
r'eai b
matui
itj
equipped
Museum
Since the
issue of the
lasl
Journal, the
members of
Museum
the
Life
Norden,
m
\-,
Loi
i,
is.
-In., Walter
W. WOOLWORTH.
WlTHERBEE,
an.l P.
'.
Mrs. Pierpo
Notes
for
the
of
seveuty-four
of
specimens
display
number ever
One group of nine-
grouped
in this
country.
found in na-
uncombined
Through the
ture
in
courtesy of
state.
Eady Ramsay
there
is
exhibited
the
relics
Zinsser.
Association
discoverer of oxygen.
.!/,//,//
mb,
.1/,
rs,
Colgate,
WADSWORTH,
Herman
ABLER,
Schwarz, and Messrs. Mortimer
John (i. Agar, Percy S. Alden, Darwin R.
Aldridge, James W. Alker, Wm. Hall
Allen, Charles Lanier Appleton, George
T. Brokaw, Edwin Burhorn, Everly M.
Prank G. Doelger, Edgar M.
Davis,
Doughty, Geo. Simpson Eddy, William
idt, Sam A. i.kwisoiin, Norvin
B. i,i idheim, William J. Millard, G. M. P.
s wirr.L ii msi. Lit, Charles
F.
M urn
(
'.
Swan, .Ion
Thompson,
l.'i
SSELL
TABER, SAMUEL A.
Martin
Vogel, Max Waterman, Andrew Gray
Weeks, .1. S. Wiley, r.oris Wiley, William II. Williams, Barkley Wyckoff,
.n Wyckoff, Charles ZimmerGl
MANN. and Mr. GEORGE I.. JEWETT in
memoriam.
r. T.
van Betoken,
Jr.,
ii
by
European war
and
dyes
ing
hemical
was arranged
al
pices of
he
<
of
CI
of
seum of
tin-
lical
Industry,
Natural
the
History,
Peaceful Arts,
in
illus-
obtained
With
pare,
and
his
He found
valuable.
and varied
activities; in his
younger days he
did portrait
to
us;
first
man and
of
anthrax,
animals,
labies,
particularly
in
cases
Among
those
who attended
the meetings
ical
1,1'
is
preparations.
medicinal
II.
Sel-
Dr. O. P.
W.
Museum; Professor
versity; Dr. W. J.
C.
Sinclair,
of Princeton;
American
New York
at the
Zofilogical
MUSEUM NOTES
January
a remarkable series of
9,
Mi
l.v
aiil
tin'
lit'
Bar
was
developed
carefully
Mr.
technique,
Fabbri
animals.
microscopic
many
Various
small and
spei ies
luding
he
ma
entire
'/<.
interesting, as not
especially
only
Btructure,
1.
lish
well.
which
pools,
is
thi
la! tei
turn
hi
polished
while
belonging
to
relatively
upamy
dia
burial con-
middle
Mississippi
region.
The opening
sessi
the
Advance
Science
of
nt
auditorium of the
Natural History on the evening of Decern
ber 26.
The retiring president, lb. William
Wallace Campbell, director of Lick Obsei
gave
vatory,
an
"The
address,
Nebulae."
the
most
Mo
ers
'i
who
zoology
of
pi. -tines
like
their rlassrs.
value tn those
on the anatoim
ran
ami
Mr.
introduce
such
"ill be of groat
scale.
to the teach
..i
in
-in-h
iv-oinli
minute
of
the
glazed
pottery
Museum, entertained
the
hi eption in the
new
al
man.
>
in.
eiled
'
-it.s
these
Were
yi.
tried out
by excavation.
Few of
this
...nil
I)
mural paint
's
Mammoths,"
The orchesl ral
Nahan Franko,
time.
American Museum
312
to the
in
demands made
consideration of the ad
in
of
cost
of the
was voted
special grant
iew of increased
and
tlirni
vanced
..tlirns
in
upon
living.
it
nt
salaries of pip;,
lie
tl
listers.
Barbingtox
M'i.
and
wo,,,|s
has
tE
'in
pointed asso
..I
forest ry.
uate of
the
Scl
versity.
In
191
nt'
\l
he depa
\l
i-
apnt
grad
For.
1909
rican
scientists
of the age of
Beindeei and
ol
at
pan,
!
visiting
hail
Henry
,,.
Com
Honorary
"The Age
ing,
ninth
sixty
species of
clearly
all
period of In
late
the
of
introdui
wei
cisl
pottery,
oi
il
hunting
the
former
ami a sione
fragments
aining
to
implements and
stone
the
in
tra.es of refuse
buried
l\
belonging
refuse
fine
pottery,
In the entrance
culture antedating
of
period
Nl.-nol.
I'...ar.|.ut
itself.
as found a pat
of
deposit
was the
by further
also,
of
and many
small Crustacea like Cyclops, Evadne, Pro
don, and Caprella, were among the forms
shown.
The presentation of the last was
ini
and
the
lei
man
.
\
Franc.
Philippines.
Fr
he wa
1914
in
field
!
'.
vice, he has
when
lie
left
In
devoted himself
and siu
iculture.
of numerous papers on
govel
nillelil
to research
He
foi est
is
SCI
work
pi
oblem
-.
78
brought back by
the
Barnum Brown troro his expedition to
in 1915, were
Alberta,
River,
Red Deer
specimens
M,.
the
Mrigade Major
began
sive
dinosaurs.
oi
in the
same
kinds
these
exhibition
tall
partly
is
is
converted
into
wood being
filled
The
been preserved on the trunk now on exhibition, although it was not practicable to preent ire coating.
men of
irorll
at
science
who have
participated in the
He was born
Highland
L856, studied
sity,
and
in
military
ricas
ar,
Corps.
His
service
v\
ropean
North American birds. His first comprehenpaper, on birds of the Hudson Highlands, published in 1878, was based on
material found about his home at Highland
Falls; from that time onward, wherever he
chanced to be, he found scientific work to
His appointment as surgeon to the
do.
Mexican Boundary Commission of 18921894, resulted in his publishing Miininmls u/
converted
of the
skins
agate
trunk
organized
the
later
Cuba ami
in
camp at Chattanooga.
His connection with the American Museum
the hospital
the Mexican
On
this expedi-
tions of birds
brought together.
In his
the group
of young, enthusiastic, and energetic naturalists which included Merriam and Fisher, men
whose work was not only important in itself,
but did much to stimulate others to undertake zoological work. His death is a decided
loss
to
never
science.
harsh
critic,
MUSEUM NOTEL
partment of anthropology
re
lias
II. Harriman
brown sable parka from Alaska, and by
gift of Justice Nathan Bijur a fine moosebide war shirt from the Tlingit of Alaska.
The department has purchased from CO.
Sachs a number of specimens of Indian ma-
where,
were made.
Creel
in
and of the famous chiefs Gaul, Rain-I Dtted Tail, ami White Ante
1864,
in
Tm
Museum has
recently
rei
B.
eived
as
si.le.
at
Mullen.
Harrison, of
lolombia, the
to the Pi
Landing
to Peru.
lo,
I.
ill.
went on
Head
quarters for a
at
made on
and
in
sions were
lope.
gift
79
Puerto Val.lavia. large collections
at
baparg
month
for a
rivers.
the
among
at the Mission
himori
the I'ra-
care Indians.
The high country between
Cochabamba ami the Beni was also explori
The men next journeyed to Sucre by way
I
ts.
gifts to the
oi
A.
II.
the
bearing
ay,
high
all
ari.l
nent
;.
ii
tion
tn
in.
iii.
herpetological
of twenty-two
re
sni
many
in
the Ar-
of the aortl
The
to
in
di
last
Ex-
from
esl
<
isited.
The
all
from Siam.
are
new
Museum
to the
collection
san.l
Mr.
and some as to genus.
Xishimura has presented thirty
n
Mamhuria. represents
new to th
Howarth
tol.er 21,
went up
8.
to
the
and
his
lie
associate, Mr.
Boyle,
left
Oc
approximately
five
bousand and
olumes
ol
of animal-.
la
thi
.-I
"Hovi
in
Bi
the
public
Life
New
Other excursion
the Atrato I: ver drainage on the west coast
of Colombia, and to the Lower Cauca River
1915.
entitled
given
5Tork.
.1.
schools
Antioquia,
of
tl
'
histories
life
14.
tion to
P.'
en eight
Uections.
E.
birds,
Mahoto
cies,
to
ere spenl
ti
v.
east.
in-
Museum's
the
mi bs
undertaken
were
is
hi
in his
the
Dr.
This
ti
four hours.
\li..ii!
nntry.
opei
lie
trail,
in
collaboration
with Pr.
mown
Exhibitors' Book
They
fork.
illusl
e.
The
till!
II-
lalieled
ing
there
film
Follow-
clear.
man by
was held
the
Following
this address
various
chemical
age
societies
On December
essor Frederic P.
dress
.in
mammal
of
Medical
to disease.
-.I'll i,ni
and Preparedness."
a reception
will
extensive fossil
at
the
and Psy-
successive
work
It is
Cuba
in
probable
done
will be
Environment,"
The American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society, jointly with the American
Museum of Natural History, on January 1(1,
held exercises signalizing the establishment
Under
Gaunt, an annual
Museum
member
of the
designated as residuary
is
James
American
legatee
of
one
During
ciation
for the
cently held in
New York
ogy convened
the
American Museum,
The
tour of the
also
sociation,
the
the
at
cal Society,
n,i
rell,
ym&
. TiVkulMMI
Willamette meteorite near locality where discovered. Side view to show protuberance
(above) produced during flight. The shape of a meteorite depends largely on whether or not
turns over during its journey. If it does not turn over, it is likely to be chiseled by the
it
See
"The Flight
of a Meteor." by Elihu
Thomson, oage 25
THE
APR J& 7
1917
AMERICAN MQm
JOURNAL
J^^fc
CAMP LIFE
IN
HORNED DINOSAUR
NEW MEXICO
MUSIC OF BIRDS
History
of Natural
BOARD OF TRUSTEES
President
Second Vice-President
J. P. Morgan
Vice President
H.
Dome
Secretary
Henry
P.
Davison
HlIIN
A. D. Juilliard
administrative officers
Assistant Treasurer
Frederic
a.
scientific staff
Frederic
A. LUCAS, Sc.D.,
Direct
Vertebrate Palaeontology
Fairfield Osborn, LL.D., D.S
Kmv
W. D. Matthew.
Mineralogy
Invertebrate Zoology
A. J.
Mammalogy and
J.
Ornithology
Curato
R.
Assoc, in Palreon-
Anthropology
Clark Wissler, Ph.D., Curator
Pliny E. Goddard, Ph.D., Curator Ethnology
Robert H. Lowie, Ph.D., Assoc. Curator
Herbert J. Spinden, Ph.D., Asst. Curator
N. C. Nelson, ML.. Asst. Curator
Charles W. Mead, Asst. Curator
M. D. C. Crawford, Research Associate in Textiles
Geo. Bird Grinnell, Ph.D., Research Associate
in Ethnology
Howard McGregor, Ph.D., Research Associate
in Anthropology
Louis R. Sullivan, A.M., Assistant Physical
Anthropology
Leslie Spier, B.S., Assistant Anthropology
J.
in
Public Health
Charles-Edward
A.
Winslow,
M.S..
Curator
Thomas
.,
Ph.D.. Curator
G.
Hull, Ph.D.,
Assistant
Public Education
George H. Sherwood. A.M., Curator
G. Clyde Fisher, Ph.D., Asst. Curator
Ann E. Thomas, Ph.B., Assistant
MA..
THE
AMERICAN MUSEUM
JOURNAL
DEVOTED TO NATURAL HISTORY. EXPLORATION, AND THE
DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC EDUCATION
THROUGH THE MUSEUM
February. 1917
Volume
XVII,
Numbi
Ki>\\
led
Frontispiei
Rito de
los
S.
Cruris
A Stronghold
e,
Frijoles,
of Ancienl
photographed by Herbert
UifE
<
Dwellers
84
Spinden
-i
:ount of
i
aited
tlie
Stati
initial
work on
larc^st
of
iii
M-ii-niiii.-
\. :ix:iii..n
Nelson
C.
N".
tin-
ever undertaken
So
in
Clark Wisslee
The \- Archaeology
Camp
Life
Ethelyn
New Mexico
in
Reprodui rions
G.
Nelson
L15
Southwesl
A discussion
L03
in
The Meaning
LOO
J.
S.
Curtis
of Bird Music
of the
II
tin-
i:\in
Oldts
Author's notations
L23
oi
bird songs
Some
in.--,
An
account
America]
Homed
'r.-ia
linosaur
L29
Man
letter
r. |.lilr
Baeni m Beown
135
of thr past
now- exhibits]
11m
in
Histor]
ral
IlluBtratio:
Fossil
M. P. Skinnee
limn
n-lorat ion
ina.lr
lii
l.'h
liar.l
I.
I
I,.
It
South Africa
in
Ill
Museum
141
Ill
Notes
criptions
Central
L42
Expedition
he Asiatic Zoological
'.-irk
should
West,
0:1
addressed
New Fork
to
<
VI
to
mm
the
City.
'ill
il'i
nili-
r.-
|.
A-
"
Joubj
>'.
77th
st.
anc
Photograph by Herbert
nit-
uf tin-
J.
Spinden
DWELLERS
of the Rito uY los Frijoles, New Mexico, from a ceremonial cave in the cliff.
The
Uio lirande from the west lmw cut deep gorges through the yellow tufa. The cliffs
stream are very steep, ami in them are found artificial eaves made by ancient peoples
CLIFF
M USEUM
A MERICAN
The
FEBRUARY,
Volume XVII
J
JOURNAL
191"!
('.
NELSO X
The American Museum began last summer the complete excavation and reparation of
one of the finest and best preserved examples of prehistoric Pueblo architecture in the South'
This ruin is located in the Animas Valley, in northwestern New Mexico, a few miles
below the Colorado boundary and directly across the river from the town of Aztec. The
west.
town, it may be explained parenthetically, takes its name from the ruin which, according to
erroneous but persisting popular notion, was built, uol b\ the "Indians." but by members
of the Aztec tribes whose habitat since before the Columbian discovery has been confinoil to
Middle America. A resident of Aztec, Mr. II. D. Abrams, is tl
wner, and he has gener
ously given the
largest
single
ance of Mr.
foi
thi
Museum
>
United States.
J.
first
more
rain
of
the principal
is
large
group ol
doI
group
habited,
it
appears
rate to
anj
al
to be in-
em-
by the
ideas attained
tectural
Pu< bio
tions
The
its
site
of
is
tion but
fact that
guarded
against
vandalisn
hundred miles or
though
far
les-
bo
i\
monument
maticallj
the ruin
first
for
looted.
al-
The
at
large
house
that
sai
The
involves two
it
at
house and
it
size,
bu1
different
<
pi
ei
like
it
in
The
tell.
came
the Imliaii
\\
mi
It
ive
pine
may
we
be that
onon
'
crops even
ej
l,,
organic group wa
bis
of
from
inhabitants constituted
ai ion.
cisely
was something
in
its
-real
in
is
and foremost, th
t&
once
That
the
the
making
Indian and an
more and more in-
to the
the
terested public.
for a
than
things:
tn
ma
standing por-
the
organized community.
pe exist
around, and
accessible
of
>
structure,
the
of
once
scientific
restoration
the
west.
the
Aztec
TIIK
member
is
Morgan.
P.
It
of scientific
The
in
annot
it
pre-
sp
to
insure
'
artificial
watering, and
nothing short
cooperation
in
practicable.
Ihm-ii
nomads,
pressed
and
in
way
thai
way
as to enclose
by en-
This
is
mean
order.
rooms.
tress, as
compelled
An
to
so as to
any amount of
The ground plan
verbal
as well
as
in
l__j
(.___,
may imagine
illu-
H-H--4U--M--
[-
to
Kh
"
1-?;,
C,?=^----,-=^t
I *"' |
1
-"J
}---l^ri--4-f T -h--U
LLUS4-J
ttfeb
The
i:i:nxB
^
-l-i-HC J
J- J - - i
at night
time of trouble.
hi:
|
expanded
KJ
LiJ-i-Q
-4-14
WH
H-Vi
T-f
h-H
I
Ground plan of the Aztec ruin as apparent before excavations were begun in July 1916
The
numbered looms with shaded or solid walls are those cleared bj the Museum Expedition. It may be
Doted thai the long walls of the west wing and the cross walls of the north wing join exactly, as if this
portion of the Tillage had been planned and built at the same time. The east wing, on the other hand,
" - in that its long partition walls du not meet the cross walls of the north wing, anil
also in that this building does not appear to have
completed at the south end. This last peculiarity
at this spot of an older house which was partially incorporated in
'0 ''"
presei
1
to
At
pet.
attack
all
would have
wall, because
it
;i
being
the
,ii
eeded
in
was
less
hall'
tram
es leading direetlj
no en-
be observed
to
the
in
stairways but
These sepa
outside lad-
bj
drawn
a suc-
fact that
while each
door through
by a
the
wall
front
The enemy,
the roof.
building
-a\
).
at
all
1<>
bring his
to
pose himself in
he
deliberately
chosen
accommodating an
increas-
tary
it
will he
could scarcely
One
to
ing population.
hundred yards
barren
eighi
teblo,
this
a mili-
these brief
type
of
rillagi
improved upon.
out
it
in
full
ivel]
to
modify or enlarge.
must
before be-
tl-
nallv
like
dispersed
throw
additional
ruins
being apparently
This im-
census
membi
fewer than
(one.
ai
incorporated
mil
I.
ast,
the
in
there
less
might
i
Within
uplands.
there are no
tit
The
id'
number of
medium size.
greater
small or
of easily
rule,
built, as
procured cobblestones
atirel}
of
casional
ruin-,
however,
structed
more
or
less
sandstone
sed
Some
or adobi
'<
w.
completely
a-
blocks,
i-
of
the
which
at
lived
first
scattered
in
ups
dif-
something
gravelly
-tone'-
are built
de-
i-
door, perhaps
weapon-
or less
mned
ficult
ale
on the smooth
lies
sloping \allo\
live
us
si
more
apparent that as
contrivance
of
Brsl
and may.
pe,
method
into the
let
therefore,
terraces above.
it.
This
is
in
main wing.
the
of
To do till" he would
own ladders and ex-
From
tion.
tails
to get
lire to
have
set
in
rooms
ll
is
in
center
center wine-
up,
Of particular
cession of disadvantages.
le
There
in--.
the
interior
pueblo
than
A- maj
houses.
ice
buildings
pueblo
exe,-.
the
>:
all
until
finally,
per-
The peat
about
Eve
contained
hundred
room-
>.
11
>
'i
- 'I
iliHIiiji
2
<
O
DC
lilaiH*!
1
=i jS J
x
.-,j>i.^
=
.-a
a)
~
1 I I-
>
- s -
Photograph by E. H. Morris
many as possible ol' the small and fragmeniar artifacts, such as beads, in the
necessary to run this through one or more screens.
Be ond the screen (in the photograph), running toward the Animas River, may be seen the expedition' winding tramway grade. In
the distance rise the Knickerbocker Mountains
In order
floor debris,
to discover as
it is
Photograph
begun
at
iin,
hij
N. G. Nelson
Photograph by V
AM
air
<>n
i--
',
Ni Ison
il
or six hun<
iameter; transversely nv.r
>
ben two
pine.
to three
i- ;i layer of split
inch coat of clay (adobe), which
general method of ceil
or
Portion of the floor and wall of the circular ami subt.-rraiiriih ki- a. or ceremonial chamber, marked
tli
nre pit. and beyond
on the ground plan, page M>.. In Tin- imtiH'diate foregronnd
1"
the roof directh a bow the lire
intake Bhaft, the smoke having to escape thrniiu't'
ignificance of which in tin cei e
the lefl tna> be seen the uncovered burial of a wolf, the precise
Spam
v.-ll.
but
the
whole being
th.-
Anally
dweller h
and
the.se
ti<
of
-..,.
-kill
covered
with
four to six
The Bame
94
easily
length,
mi
spectively
i-
but the
village
occupied
somewhat
feet,
the
by
owing
larger,
to the out-
ter,
up the
probablj
far
ported
least in part
and
in
The
high.
three
rise
to
The
feet
still
of twenty-seven feet.
height
secular
rectangular, vary
smaller ones
over
trifle
largest as
nine
much
and the
square
feet
The
some
of
these
of
rooms from
ceiling
to
eleven feet.
a little
The
open nut
in
more or
may
there
terranean,
thirteen
less sub-
as many as
The greater
be
the pueblo.
in
number
ated
nut
in
as
"kivas,"
greatly
in
parently
are
they
of sixty
feet.
of
far
in
differ
diameter
excavated
They
labor
is
also vary
involved
village seems
when we consider
sessed
so
feet
details of construction.
The amount
erecting such
called,
These
size,
all
open court.
the
somewhat
some four
spare
actual
lis
people,
in
no
The
strength.
valley,
and trans-
by sheer
human
proverbially
"lazy"'
And
we
of
slave
case
of
five
royal
taskmasters as in the
in
How much
was
erect
to
would
lie
those
monuments
of an enterprise
it
such
town,
fortified
The
the
But
site.
really
it
would
visit to
work planned
for
of the ruin,
When we
we found what
By
cut and
The
in full view.
masonry had
enormous
at
Tt
however an experimentation,
as
During
-in ways and means.
coming season we may hope for con-
were
the
siderable progress.
calling not
The
task set
is
one
with
problem).
in this
is
men
work
\,,
ness.
mechanical resourceful-
for
as
well
as
same
the
quite
of
Southwest,
sary
thai
so
nut
try
to
it
methods
differenl
to
into
more
volve
who
those
or
To wield
all
to
periods
heat,
there
no eight-hour law
is
even
who do
those
for
On
work.
baeologii a]
other
the
work,
field
otters
research,
Inn waj
its
the
is
of
like
lies a
strike
olo
tendency
the
in
perhaps arrowpoints.
to
find
object
This
complete satisfaction
unearthed
P
then
--
i-
on the archaeologist
bh the
ili-
nil
ma'!'
!'
always
is
organic
life
ami
Why
ime an.
to
all
histori:
beyond
ing
com era
or
writing,
not
Bui
left
us
history
if
i-
then
inhabitants,
archaeology
necklace
.if
sea shells
document,
tible
a
a
an incontrover-
is
certain
in
in
is
A -tone axe or
position of vantage
respects
ritten doi
proper
interpretation
data
>(
torian
thai
i-
money
ill
archae-
documents
if
Therefore
other
h ritten sort
not
genuine
merit,
search
amplj
i-
made
ilta
found,
iii
it-
at
history
than
ha-, within
ex-
questions more than once when hardships and difficulties arose which
interpretation
best
!'
"What
sober his-
truth.
this
The most
Carlyleian order.
dead.
ask,
imate purpose
research?
primarily
may
is
who have
records.
infallible, In
|
mm-
the
of
danger.
real
of
people
some written
to
real
other
cal
or.
an\
earh notion of an an ha
thai
hum quest
is
rite historj
invention
Eor on
you always expect a
and you are reasonable sure oi
My
debris.
of
dryness
deserl
words, to
in-
excavation of rains
it.
is
The
make
to
is
again
live
past
speak
are noth-
all
an end.
to
archaeology
to maintain
other branches of
momenl
it
miunknown
and
to
immediate purpose
is
their
an
But
first.
nicelj
\ in
love
hand,
of excavation
the
archaeology
not
of course the
mean-
titude.
in
"curiosities."
hut
alternating
always the
longer
ing
indeed,
mind
the
no
rainstorm, and
cold,
were
the
the occupa-
the spe
specimens after
the pen
through
of
when
off,
that
is
came about
doubl
of
had worn
tion
Imi
this
life
in
and
routine
of
less
period
and
pursuits in-
scientific
for
Tin-
found
best.
labor,
All
the
..f
th.-
based
of
those
its
om
and archaeological
\
on
the
d limit-.
re-
indicated. 1
work
in
the waj
o
,,f
who
i-
in
the
inline
hi
?,
?t
I 5
THERE
an
was
meant being a
mere collector of curious and
expensive objects once used by man.
Such an archaeology could make no just
an
claim to
haeologisl
man.
science of
one another
Its
the greatest
to possess
num-
ber of
This
a
is
pueblo
similar
quite
and
pottery
other
were broughi
North and
give
Smith America
has
collectors'
fill
been
cabinets.
something
to
our knowledge of
New World,
the
man
man
in
been
cmiie.
Geology finds
of
all
namely,
in
and
career,
and subsequenl
in
finds
archaeologist
story
world's origin
the
The new.
the ground
in
man and
of
the
achievements.
his
is
the
refuse
however
ma\
held In
lie
archaeologist.
disseci
sect inn
archaeol-
pologj
There
is
largely
is
of
foil
hut
under the
toil
mind.
di-
In the
are quite
same way. .Mr. Xclsmi and hi- aSSOi Lates have worked out the status of more
faced by the
collecting
of
expensive they
ill
the
new
They
fine or
can
residing there.
rection
mere
lie.
We
problems,
the ta>ks
Xo
while
this
real
We
of
thai
also,
ogy, as
this
of
builders
to the site
It
curios,
the
that
again within
know,
section
vertical
lie
now know
geologists.
the
dissecting
comparable
how
curios can
The funda-
tell.
hut to
Bonito,
is
line
these
no answer.
Nelson,
pueblo came
Museum, where
now on view
are
the choices!
long occupied."
to
"Aztec"
found there
relics
this
to
ransacked
the
to
ruin.
was dug
He must
actually
scientific
and Arizona.
whal
relative
built,
which
It
can
New
now
Mexico
he told at
one of the
first
greal
man
in
among
mil
archaeological
merely
counts;
it
the
is
the conditions
and
inter-
It
is
not
Long ago
the
alone
method
traces of
Delaware
is
the ruins of
applicable.
man were
Valley,
noted in
particularly
at
Trenton.
in
ige
been
For
1 1
; 1
and
debated
suit
i.
discussed
without
Inn
ience.
we qom
thai
stone tools oi
the
same.
:
the -and
short,
is
il
beyond
of the pebbles
the history
and
-and deposil
this
so situated as to
ation at
in
step in
[ere
made toward
New
the
cli-
been
has
man
period.
Last
1
1
autumn, however,
moth
Ee made
a\r.
<
sections
tin-
minute dissection of
son
There
term "cave dv
examined
ellers,"
many
of
ama.
that
now
will
There
but
had
lefi
behind
no-
En
all
these
rea-
first
is
give us a chronological
We
cannoi
methods
here
the subject,
to gel
to the
technique of
we should
bul
\\
an arehae-
ill
differenl
musl
i- a
its
be
from anything
before.
The new
analyzed
and dealt
has encountered
situation
Eorgel
no1
Eo]
new
the
describe
wen used
thai
They belong
-nils.
series
Ohio drainage.
the w hole
scientific
of an archaeologisl
mind.
i"
ises
As soon
rive
-i
Eor the
an
as
mere
hse
col
famous
now every
our arch
the
i-
believe that
to
these, Eound
with as
ago,
vertical
deposits
American caves
at
areful
accumulated
little
North
<
Mr.
Mam-
he
her our
careful study of
the
in
recent
verj
to a
World.
101
belong
Nelson made
indicate
ons of
belo\*
is
first
in
ii.
the
dis-
traces of
of
this
om
onspicuous pa
partly
lake pride
justly
:n.:
pearance
because
when our
made to
tell
career
the
in
n
rl
it
new
the ap-
in
partly
science,
hasten
the
da>
the
true
story
New World.
of
man's
IN
THE
CLIFF
This term seems the best description for those small, rounded rooms, made by human hands long ago
cliff.
They formed the homes of the Pueblo Indians n such places as Puye and
the Rito de los Frijoles (see page 110).
One needs almost to have wings to gain access to some of them, foi
long, shaky ladders (like that in the center of this picture) are far from reassuring.
In past times when
wooden shelters, long since fallen to decay, were reared on beams projecting from the small holes about the
openings of the cliff rooms, the Indian women, gaily dressed like their sisters of today, and less like swallows than tropical birds, darted in and out of doorways" or climbed the ladders with jars of painted pottery on their heads
in the volcanic tufa of the
In the vicinity of Mount Taylor, between Cabezon and San Mateo, a most striking sky
formed by volcanic peaks of varied shapes. Here we see the "Alesna," or "awl," so
no doubt, on account of the sharp point it presents
line
is
called,
Camp
Life in
New
Mexico
By
i-
IT
began
expedition
archaeological
Mexico.
confess
was
it
The
the idea.
sine'
unpeopled spaces,
of an
-.1
New
t<>
ith
onsid-
picture broughl to
mind
tures.
in
in\
What
now
change has
a n rough!
opinion by these
iai
to
tin-
heat,
f,\
which
in
when
enchantment
There
deep blue of th
charm
in the very
romance
immensity of the
the
Here,
States.
of olden
for
little-known
this
in
United
the
maintained,
huh
cowbo]
is
rides
-'ill
the
Weird
tales
listen,
interested
wo might not
is upon us.
Mi
Brsl
camp
ami
summer
Mexico began
member my
fire,
ami credulous as
in
of
amp
li
Ne\*
in
mT
"in
too, the
greatesl
Truly
range, mi'
Brsl
i.sox
x k
Y \
I,
introduction to
well re-
it.
After
ili-,, late
little
railroad
station,
whose
existent e of the
we came suddenly
to the
edge of
rise
to
of
peared as an oasis
in the desert.
lit-
Davis'
.Mrs.
tle
air existence
;i
the snows
the whole.
new bridge
of
the
From
name.
Anaya.
soon
became
casual
way
when an
work was
in
extra
which
live
in sight.
hi'
at
or
bors,
during
real
caves,
supplant
supplement or
to
From
expedition,
las!
essary to do
actual
camp
where
site
using a
cooking
in
we
summer,
first
change of camping
the
on
were
in
lire
the
nightly
made
it
nec-
necessities.
day's
our
it.
dollars for
made
other places we
whose
rooms; while
entirely
Senora Davis,
this
fell.
only
English-
was
abode
hospitable
camp
board
table
great luxury.
midnight,
until
bedding
our
before
protected
fortunately
vas
heavy can-
by
could be rescued.
The
summer
first
aecessitated
less
permanent
with
The
bal
camps
compared
as
season
just
closed.
San
Cristo-
rock-shelter kitchen at
which
"81,000
of the
more or
of a
nature,
the
those of
ranch" on which
re
ai
Camp"
became quite
abandoned.
was finalh
men,
soon
tids
Erii
Mexicans,
all
work
it
our
to
"Honeymoon
like home before
dubbing
in
Col-
resume
to
for us.
happy-go-lueki
set,
with
ly
to-
rang
through
-1
the
flat,
th
spot
sheltered
all
sandy,
cliffs
of
holes
it.
worthless
our
oughl
in
in others.
lot
led.
am reminded
of a
It
imp.
fine, luit
we
as
sudden
those
fall.
summer and
By
the time
shelter
dry
arroyo
between
driver had
dumped our
m
t
In
to
so
the
a
to
in
keep
to
thing on earth or
the heavens
in
be put
him
to
that
had
name and
thai grew
icinity.
sximmer we drank
mended
ild
bj
tea
it
chance
Smi
II
asun
11
he wanted
hi
in the
""
to dig
in
and
the old
The
church ruin
careless
the
l>\
pottery,
enough
polite
roi k
belongings, had
huddle
were
collecting
and
bone
of
mselves
named
ave
at
Nfarcos, bul
One young
we were obliged
bits
and
ground
the
hi
we reached our
usually
re-
only
lightning.
ii-
ame up
destination, a
of
thunder storms
hi
but
has been
Eul
with towering
Thej no doubt
beauti
morrow
the
i:
ears
fellow
mere
nd bab>
broughl
girl
ii
into
of about
h all
when
camp
fifteen
heir personal
In archa-ological field work tliere are few holidays. Wlien the excavation
are always plotting, mapping, and cataloguing to keep one busy
is
ress, there
This rock shelter, formed by one immense bowlder tipped against Another, waB once an Indian abode.
A little excavating and a few yards of mosquito netting transformed it into a very acceptable dining
room and kitchen during the hot months
I'll.
water near the camp was often too alkaline for use.
At San Cristobal it was necessary to
bring water by wagon from Galisteo, six miles away.
Sometimes the saddle pony was requisitioned to
bring water from a near spring
IOC
C
I'rimi^n-
(d
I'vcii
LIFE IX
NEW MEXICO
which
horses;
l.l//'
kitten
tin-
honeymoon
made
bride
lie.
it
for
lie
Hav-
ing been
i"
fied
in
a1
a.
had tried
a- postmaster, he
full
swing
he had
spent
Apparently,
Belf.
or
Ji
tin-
In
background
in
Erom his
Befon
leaving
month
away
en the
fascinated the na
COWboyS
half
hour
"lie
whili
da\
held
it.
n-
]
\
up
on
bered
hills
group
genera]
their
cliffs,
fantastic
of
sorts
for
pimm and
carpeted
Mexican
in the
km
Towering
us.
cedar-tim-
many kinds
with
lowers.
Little
udian
for
when
the time
[.art of
of wild
greatly
U-.
all
replaced by
th.it
I.
....
mi"
weathered
tn he
their pictures
at
scene-: kept
him-
camp
yr-ay
unfolding before
might he taken as
souvenirs of their happy time there.
This matter of having picture- taken,
that
taken
new
at Aztec,
in
...hi. ni
hilliilr.-il
of Octobei
the lasi
until
\l.i-,
for the
thn-r
experience
this
the least
won-
last
of this picture,
..,,
.-
"lie
however,
own
In
In
similar requests.
hanges,
ntoi
in
churi-h hull
make
t"
derful
trip.
id
were sure
As
10?
are
towns
scarlet
land-cape that
relief
-.
the
h ith the
adobe boust
the
naked
if
a!T"rded
peppers and by
were cot
it
h\
a
few
-,
fruit
and
108
cottonwood
pass
might
almosl
unnoticed, or be thought
merely
still
trees,
they
mind one
of scenes
They
cliff.
re-
Palestine and
in
ladders,
going
to
enhance the
in
cliff,
Ruined
her
with
where
me
age failed
woman
the
seem
ico,
oddly
situated in the
English
thai
seldom
most
Bnd
to
is
selected
vailing
things in view.
in
convinced
The
Indian
for
often
so
of
him
mesas.
for
since
much more
strikingly
way
pic-
were
turesque, while
to
From
men
called
are
like
i
birds of bright-
colored
mage
of
dIu-
.,,]
el
finished
|
on
into
garb shown by
woman, who
is
usually
life
of these
Indian
to
picture the
women when
brought
spots.
these
is
place
the
we
Pais."
eled
too
trav-
miles
tor
through theAn-
stupendous
<in
the
but
Their
Mexican
this
also
gostura. a nar-
elad
inside,
dwelling
the
in
we
"Point of Mai
door-
their
ways or
n||
ne
this.
i'
me
as
ln
sur-
grateful to
fee]
inac-
cessible
his
rounding's.
perched on the
tops
beautj
the
of
;ir
that
he had an eye
ever,
,|
am
one
for
(-en-
ters.
are
place
withmanyother
every-
where except
his
dwelling
pre-
the larger
may have
dian
Mexican
language
in
pictur-
esque localities
spoken
the
which
in
newcomer
the
cour-
New Mex-
northwestern
It strikes
sion.
my
illu-
its
confess that
ere
chamber high
tip in
other,
the
to
beautiful
found
emerge
sheltered
stone
ill's
evening
meadow where we
rincon
near
We camped
a
bridge of great
in a
natural sand-
beauty.
Oppo-
derful
great
at
How
site,
lava
rock
Eormation
cathedral.
resembling
he-
CAMP LIFE
IN
NEW MEXICO
109
charming
again
spot
return
our
;it
next
enjoy
to
we were
'l.-n
this
leisure.
at
mesa overlooking
high
valley
this
all
This was
the hath-.
gion
an
at
thousand
in
elevati
Now
feet.
forested
if
re
neai
hadn't
ii
who decided
head of
we
the expedition,
olden
was
posted
in
were loath
to
ilniil.i
ii"
We
up the
mi
ride
ran.
horsi back
to
situated
ruin,
stream of wain-
from
ueh
That
leave.
memorable
evening we had
little
those
where
roaring
to light
was
Ii
in
been
had
Bre
It
into
we
think, that
We
tered
wooded section of
vil-
was raining.
it
that
pan
shel-
of the
The
river had
we were obliged
rain
was
turn back
to
shall
The
-lleller.
hastily
m
a
"Hi-
the
Were
ami after
hill,
made over
the
bOX,
We
age
From
again
wagon
camp.
site
bi
madlv dov
re
behind
li
locate
t"
lie
plorer
definiteh
dei ided
was again
of
He
results.
sull
rain -for
in
gain
would
he
adi< at ion
ham
es
an
if
exhe
Idered
;1
When
forth.
it
began
did
the
pleasing
so
'la\
ness "f
rain
The
come.
not
in
is
hi
set
of
He
oui
the sunshine of
all
cold,
that dreari-
drizzling
by
The
lantern,
ami
e.
tried
while
iway
da
ami
darl
we found
therefore
riously
alarmed, especially
as
the hot
our experiem
Aztec,
that
until
'la\
ami
wasted
when
at
truly
ditional
thir-
expedition
the
of
sewed.
warm
beds
ami onli
shelter of the
old,
pony,
saddle
teenththe leader
camp,
"I-
-ami
fee
horses had
The
and then
llttll
up on
set
none
torrents,
it
gale,
the bitter
in
little
morningit
ful
to
wind blowing
for the
We
our
ing
n ris
mesa
tlie
perhaps
procure
to
to\i o
top of
stai
our return.
Ictober,
<
spring
.hi
ami
that
from
anon, we
current.
Visions
sorts of calamities
which
arose
i
of
:I
}\
If I
I |
-la
THE
tain, too;
opposite
tures of
of water in
of
it.
a lost
trail,
and. after
makes one
IVir-vl
time passed
lln
in
memory
of this disaster,
and
it
was
that
we began
lucls
had
the
left us.
rocky
road
'['hero
and while
such as
It
it.
as
thai
some
to
was
could
my worn
they
all
much
ield
protection.
we were
have about
to
way with
driver's, since
tention,
at-
to travel
the
kingbolt
of
As
the
linal
disaster,
wagon broke
off
deep gully
short as
we were crossing
one da]
of thirty miles.
Having by this time
grown somewhat philosophical, W'e sat
for.-sTcd
i
is
vi
gyps;
it.
It
;tt
Arroya Hunga near Santa Fe\ elevaarbors which somezesl to the freedom of the
which gives
life
Tli.-
hark wall
of this
ilding,
indications
oi"
a lom-
tection
r*'jfiii
rariety of experience
is
for grauari*'-
I...
position
and
pro-
from rain
113
THE
I.
MUSEUM JOURNAL
dampen
ters,
life
In a way this
for the
wagon.
last
had
time or paid
tended to hasten on
for,
the expedition.
left
Jemez Springs,
Aztec,
having walked
we arrived
at
wisli
this,
might be
we reached
track.
It
comparatively good
was possible
wagon
to
gel
think
an
scarcely have
Even
made
difficult
it
automobile could
the trip.
camp equipment
find real
into the
wagon, we are
seven,
at
off
made.
We
prairie schooner.
We
freedom.
all its
the en-
is
with
mer's morning
It
however, cannot
so
invigorating that
is
matters not.
am
the archaeologist
is
One forenoon
seven
way, before
expedition to
But no!
impossible to
charm
of
it
pieces
pottery
I
in
move
am
of
on.
sure that
an existence
it.
it
is
quite
realize the
like
by
this,
One must
be
and then,
and
yet again.
In the high altitudes of the Southwest we always had a camp fire, even on a summer's evening, hut
desert regions firewood is not to be had.
Often very weird and wonderful were the stories told by
row hoy, trapper, and treasure hunter, as they visited with us about the fire at night
in
J.
MOSA, A
The Mohave
,
ill.-
Iv
r.ii-ii.L-
.1.-
inlialril
of corn.
The
physique
pie painl
I
Piman
lik.-
mnd and
rrih
an infere
th
ire
ol
the
Egyptian
themselves with
is.
CURTIS
MOHAVE WOMAN
S.
ta
I
baths.
Although
li
.-
I..t
'i
,,,
the
VASH GON,
JICARILLA
authwest.
nrl of
Today they
New Mexico
From
Its
name from
liiv
dwel
American Museum
of Natural HI toi
the eopyriqhl, i pi
id
IN
^flaffrr
The Meaning
WEEN,
cast
ber,
there
come
to the ear
ing
i-
ii
auditory
as
certain
easj
holding
them
together
migrating birds on
of
(locks
recognize
to
signals
But
when one
turning
on
summer home,
ns
to
perches
orderlj
utterance
that
net so apparent.
is
new
i-
It
-in
a scries
the
opinion
well-settled
Ii
primary stimulus
in
important
song
factor
development
in
by
discredited
of
Herberl
Spencer,
St.
others, ami
ally
all
tion.
It
songs,
in
with
i-
plumage
like
uierel\
;ui
human
seldom,
beings,
ever, the
if
over, even on
ami
it
is
probably
i>
determining factor
a
male.
More-
ami
easily
lower grade,
thus
gradually
the
ti
mean- ef progress,
important part
f
musically,
111
it
is
view ef
played by acquisi-
song by imitation
in
musical
"campaninis," which
a-
purpose ami
are kept
prices.
l>\
own
their
species,
as
tion
evidenced by
is
direct
several
Furthermore,
birds
and
sing;
able that
m\
to
attention.
personal
few
female
it
if
the
males,
they
finest
singers
among
the
singers.
Hut
if
lection
se-
he
original
development
natural answer
among
tion
causes
is
birds
have
that
is
that
musical evolu-
due
is
the same
to
produced
musical
It
to
is
in
customary,
at
mal behavior
vior
in
terms of
to attempt to explain
human
beha-
actions of
all
the
the chief
race
known
singers
the
of
by associat-
but
ed
dm
if
well
is
It
powers
improving
doubtful
birds.
singing
the
that
but such
incidental one, a-
ers
improvement among
known
i-.
use
OLD TS
in
Music
of Bird
H EN H Y
By
similar actions on
human
species.
the
pan
of
Unscientific
<
123
124
simie
the behavior of
for
beings
but
animate
all
the
scientific
in
them-
minds, in combat-
Such reactions
Thus the constant
direction.
several
of our
led to a rabid
and a
sions;
An
expla-
but
appreciation
(by
The
rule adopted
is
never to accept an
psychical
processes
may
be made.
when
may
to the
lias led
of
complete dehumanizing
by learning.
it
It
reverse
the
is
of
governed
As with man,
physiological
velopment
ranges
stage, science
and
differences
cal
be as-
seem
to
be
(and per-
derived
this
more
of the interpreta-
psychologists
by
metamor-
easily
nicious) rule.
many
Disregarding the
is
And many
sumed.
tions
it
musical
of
from zero
appreciation
maximum.
the
to
is
common
to
many
creatures,
comparatively few.
is
lim-
The dog
chological
ited
Yet, as
to
fiance,
mind
hog grunts
reason
mingles
with
instinct.
When
sical
is
their
in
their
when
they exhibit
value
tonality,
lated
character
scribed as music.
So, too,
can
by
among
no
birds
The
happy and
they show
flic
causes.
own
its
this
sustaining
and
of
fest
ances
of
much knowledge
musical
of
rhythm, of melody, of
phrases;
in
all
re-
these
lie
classed
Nor
is
as
musical
performances.
grackle,
musical expression
while
rank
in
wood
this
re-
tlif
common barnyard
melody, as
true
ings in
with which
the
greet
on
foi
paean
this
Maryland cock
November morn-
heard
da'fl
in
cock will
i
ing:
not,
extract
might be thought, an
ii-
Mo
of
rt,
Mendelssohn, bul an
from
thi
which the
in
was
gamut
ington A\ iarj
accomplish^
and
in
i-i
iiics
'
si ri<
Many
ime.
may
that
The
properly
of
be
very
The
grip.
slight
lis
four
wen
notes
that
or
to pitch
in
quality of tone
of
The attendants
whistle.
on-
Mon-
given
Worth-
in the
Shav nee
al
Pennsylvania,
steps,
slur,
fina
thrush
heard
and
human
the
al
the aviary
the
blers,
hi
renl
never
nf nuthatch and
bird
the
ances,
musical
I-
although often
an
atteudanl
ese
in his
perform-
was responsible
Like the
was,
w<
rare
or
happened
tell
twittering
tin
swallows,
of
the
rue
si
imu
while
ti"l|-
ili>'
ill
thrush avoided
ii
king
in
mel-
man
and enjoj'ed by
dick
.III
la<
differenl
monol
thi
sometimes n
mes,
dif-
His
appears
ith
themes.
issi
lie
ileas
al in h
that
ear, are al
hi
in
the
i:'.
binations:
In tin-
he avian
other
musicians, even
hen
musical standan
'>
primitive
hm
few are
attracwliiih
theme
in
with
J:-^-;!^;ll
prominent
pari
in
126
favorite with
freely used,
it
character of the
general
music:
PEe=
be apparent to any musician,
will
It
however humble
of
the music
rank-, thai
an exact tran-
is
it
comparable
perfectly
is
music of
not only
own
our
to
twentieth century
this
and
in
These
songs
three
disclose
strong
for
melody.
modulation
E minor
second
in the
quite satis-
is
fying.
ever,
ie
Hut
before the following P's.
Ek\
The
rock thrush
Europe,
from
and,
my own
if
is
found
may
mean
in
southern
safely
judge
is
of
all
dious
it
is
it
in
generally handled by a
seems
proper
its
way
in
which
Personally
have
little
knowledge of
in
that
able,
have
secured
in
come
to
my
attention,
and we
member
different
these
satisfying.
Some
themes
song-sparrow
Here
northern Ohio
last
is
one
are
of
very
heard in
spring:
collections
native wilds.
its
four-phrase
several
blackbird songs of
musically,
some
am
the
to obtain
cal rank.
lie
American zoological
song,
careless
to
is
third
that has
term
the
public.
it
the
to
beauty of
using
accorded
lie
which
Sevres, France,
were
I'vw
recorded
at
years ago by an
borrow
Ende:
is
a very pleas-
for
lie
incorporation
ashamed to
into some
full
man
that
to the fact
dv.
ne,
those
awakens
of the
in
boo! of
phenomenon
lates.
of ehani
themes
ii
redible as thai
in.
articulate
performances, occasionally to
with,
which
in
two
two
separate birds.
The meadow
half of the
meadow
States
From
forty
by two birds on
my own
to
human
form
To
assun
lasi
March:
e su<
]
i
"
in,
musical
mere
Th
lard-
songs -f whose
are
the]
This
is
the
coi
simp
of
interpretation
:
reliev-
re
sing
beaut]
appreciative.
matter
the
pi
purpose of
thai
irded as
for the
nights.
idea
which
under
attitude
light, created
less
place
as
is
unconscious instruments
the
abandoned
ing
here reproduo
as to pro-
especiall] prone
ire
such
am
Thai
should so combine
ii
sounds as
larks of
CTnited
have noted
birds
ac-
degree
related
thai
theorj
accidentally
accidentally.
speech
b]
immense.
human music
duce
beautiful.
is
To
us.
combine notes
bird should so
re-
to
coincidence requires
of credulity thai
these
of
pleasing
same way
the
precisely
appeals
which
i"
Some
make them
to
in
ears
human music
of
man
in
made up
i-
is
to
arc
thai
taste
and
material,
oi
conform
that
musical
bj
of
principles
onsl ructive
combine
fra-
of his discovery
127
construction
developed
monopoh
has no
least,
al
Ml SIC
the
musical compositions
woods and
let nn'
fields are
govern
of his own.
ami
if
the
to
the
first
bird
sa] ing,
"1
love to
"So
and an-
of bird
rd
song?
uttering
V7e find
musical
some of tho
and
phrases
their
construction
by
ia
We ma]
of kind
prehend the
full
philosophii
nol
a'
om-
signifi-
we ma]
thai
safel]
whatever
nail]
apprei
intelligeni
gree,
music
-hall
we
anthropomorphism,
igist,
Were
the
meaning
resi
lighl
in
the assumption
' %
have
in this re-
11
Some
WK
often gain a
pression as to
bows
first
ite
populous anywhere
birds,
farms and
the
other
reason
city,
however,
An-
always readj
force of
in the
is
and ninetyd.
Lei
brooks
and
the bird-lover
out
l'<>
early
ush-lined
To
will find
The
cultivated
is
way of
dwelling
rapid
Usually the
the
one that
small and
i-
on
stream.
He
so
i<>
alight
unconcernedly
paddles
ashore,
that
is
it
at
webbed.
He
is
construction
the dainty
still
<>f
and
little
not
"dip-
the mountain
Both birds
mud. and
the
in
The
ball
soon
resembles
of luxu-
to
shed the
to
nest
dated earlier.
which
He
might be inun-
really
seems to wait.
so
small
over, or bottli
after
building
lie
a tuft
Ig
The entrance
!
the rush-
ball
nesi
riant grasses.
until
on the
the
that
for
is
thi
to lodge
lined with
during
ball
with a
rock
fine,
aed in a
notch
or
crevice
placed
tl
culiar kind of
spray.
sserine
nesi
wren,
is a
have
rock in mid-
directly above
scrutiny shows
and
water,
and clim
tlii-
tries
waterfall
and the
selected
is
den.
first
place,
Usually
water.
stream
it
hers by
>a<
cement of mud.
tion; there never arc
dipper,
rd
to
ai
real
large numbers,
one hundred
the
is
bill
favorite
Scar-
nt
that the
fact
tin'
iiuit
section of stream, u hi
ii
thai
lies
ravels
day when
ii
..a
villages.
the
comes shooting up
finally
conclusion
for
tn the sui
Foi
-ni travel
half-domesticated
the
not
where the
is
cot
shy
ad across the
moment, and
and,
direc-
the wa-
undi
iir.
facts in
is a
winter songster.
129
his notes
often
Ins
nrst
open
tin'
not just a
is
mere chirper,
heard
is
in
January.
Barely has one crossed the northern
in
boundary
Yellowstone
of
ami
young
their
raise
there.
seen,
in the
fall
pairing
As
rule the
him
One who
a far
The golden
of the eagles.
eagle
is
own
national bird,
is a
robber and
He watches
feeder.
The
catching.
bald eagle,
when
osprey, and
carrion-
drops the
it
Then with an
eagle swoops down
fish.
and
catches
up
unlawful
bis
is
ignobly caught
The osprey
cleanly
is
far
bis habits
in
models
are the
id'
prey.
dead
different
and
his
elk.
bird,
young
deportment among
The
111
fir.
or
more
being
there
nests.
I
it
in
When
wings.
fish,
from which
lie
has
that
hurly-burly
row.
orderly
of
stands on the
father
In
man's wrist
Yellowstone
Lake
hundreds of these
them
Sometimes the
which he
in
About
of
an
directly
literally
in
tlSed.
none of
sit
The
them.
is
characteristic
so
The youngsters
other birds.
removed
first
are
very
feeding
a stick
is
Occasionally
share.
tip of a pine 0T
where
times
makes
birds.
to a
After the
finds
have
first
the male
so.
April
in
when they
may do
they
They
has watched
who
can-
but
rarely
there, to
it,
They
young
be-
Park,
nests
raises his
Eagle Nesl
preys.
and
all
to
the fe-
hit
Not only at
feeding time do the young ospreys show
to
youngster.
their training.
a
warning note
sounded by
throw themselves
parent,
young
fiat
in-
on the
Should one
like
is
lump
of
l"'
semblance of
perhaps
well,"
's
him back
bluebird
indeed
blue,
to the
of
beau-
is
This bird
ern bird.
i-
Km
others
much
ise i-
buildings
sj
is,
About
the same.
Yellowstone
the
in
an
farm;
eastern
scarce,
buildings
bui
attuned
are
follow
still
nor
appreciate
to
e.
and
neat
atl rai
ia!uli!\
This
respect.
and
ive,
conditions
to
his read}
spei ies
Mammoth Hot
dant
aboul
than
anywhere
sight
to
see
band
scout
ill"
is
pair hunting a
iii
pecker hole
wife,
ii"
in
The hus-
May.
earlj
an old w
1-
Then he brings
it.
his
the tree
is
to all
kitchen
the
draw-
scraps,
but
immediately
over which he
is
hunts
just
A sudden
cone.
that the
front,
in
tree,
and the
final.
Should
another
it
at
alive.
noted
to
am
sure that
attempt
time,
is
do be-
to
back
in
in
a translation of the
Impudent
and freebooter
rascal
happy
as
when
fight
thai
never quite so
going
is
One
mountain bluebirds
Tlie\
tercation.
gol
were hard
da
into an alat
lieu
is
m caterpillars caught
hungn nestful.
to give
remarks.
while
all
enemy;
his
at
nol slow
is
Ya-t. indeed,
satisfy that
a
hi
Ee sneaks
In-
tree
bustle
well
as enthusiastic.
->
'
the
olic
When
^'n-<\
hi
fellow,
thief
tout
if
the
impudent
an
is
set
-on;:.
Now
."-round.
self,
perhaps before
it,
be knocked
he
if
almosi
is
he
squirrel of
may
'The squirrel
In- cone.
lar.
thi
birds
there
swift,
has
the
neighbor-
minutes
for a few
Springs
presumably
else;
tention to
She hovers
is
adap-
win our
should
footing
an-
uniform of
[is
is
rolling
he
li
the
which
with
pretty
him!
musical
"c-crack-k-k-k"
graj
is
soft,
about
In ing bird.
The mountain
nothing
gentle,
But
tiful
nu1
nor
not
the
is
"All
of
bed up, he
i:il
other extreme
the
pii
At
me
into
stunned
b
a
wire
himself.
fence
it.
when
.eded that
and
he
partially
small birds.
be
is
amusement.
favorite
But
it
make
February
intensely
nights are
still
lies
deep every-
than makes up
about
waterfowl.
that
snow.
"wild."
are
laid
February and
'lays of
lasi
have
when
the
and
zero,
at
May
the Rocky
beloved
of
known
as the
first,
before most
Mountain jay
"camp
that
is
This bird,
camper.
the
robber," although
is
He
closely-
bears
but
and
robber"
is
The "camp
he
is
At camp
trouble,
to share the
He
and
If the
is
camper
camper
scarce food
appeal
in
is
is,
getting,
and end
his
beggar.
lie
knows no
fear.
is
little
protected
absolutely
when
how shy
the\
ar-
lakes,
little
everywhere.
bobcat,
coyote,
Even
an enemy.
is
in
was
duck-lings
swimming.
They were
surface.
and
free
safe.
How
they did
swim
Not
the ducks.
fast enough,
wings
rat
to help
them
along.
little
The musk-
the rear,
when
the
lie
into
It is
is
swimming
how
It is interesting to see
after her.
about
all
cost of living"
is
other
to
places.
how hungry he
how "high the
him
the
is
This tameness
will tell
is,
the
believes
than
ings
flying about by
It is
birds
the
down
rive,
of
the ducks
raging blizzard.
It
for
Yellowstone
the
friendliness
The young
it
watching
during the
set
is
But he more
the crumbs and
is
and build
and
for
u here.
Yellowstone, the
cold,
the better.
the
is
much
that
everything,
face.
on
se<
enough
delaj
'1
e.
that
ried
the
ile
.:
in
Yellowstone Park
love
favorable
rivers
Bui
meadows
flooded
are
The
far up
riot of noise.
camper
tired
Long Lived
<
spring
'.
Uo
aesi
large
usuallj
site,
settle
ill
dow
of
and
attention to important
:-
yond
mound
low
confidence
borh
much
is
Sfa
It is
little
isl
towing
believed
to
nest
pond
ai
regu-
3he were
if
pairs of
within
Yellowstone
when
seen
jusl
I kn.v..
ows.
Eayden
hawk
big
hawks
as
tame and
lowstone.
so
the
valleys,
marsh
astonishingly abundani
is
[1
the
mosi attention.
up
into
is
Ee does
the elevated
be
is
the
seen as
we
country.
are
Ee is a prettj
skimming the
hawks are
is
to
"Mollj
dinarily
killing
of
in
ride
L ke the mallard
vm-\
Th
string of
u hundred
as
from
elsewhere
bui
color,
black.
on
lar inter
in
chap
aboui him
all
immedial
his
guilty
birds
amus
-
with her
come
time
the
catcher
rodeni
big
almosi
to
hawk
as
I.
vary
brown
small
nearly
fearlessly
il\
in
tail
is
so
this
in
thej
thai
Aboui
spei ies
Even
wood warblers have
little
ergs
and
notions
be called abundant.
to
breast.
his
is
numerous, enough
lin
-
damage than
red-tail
mi his good
rounded by water, or
11
This
the
as
qual-
and ardeni as
tion
feel-
is
less
squirrel.
hawks.
of
try
cold,
red-tail
thai
timid
of us have
ai
-round
note; but
-h.il
Geesi
Few
fierce
on
arouses other
in
devote
before he car
Here everything
the
for
oes even
geese stay
winter, finding
all
hem
The western
Canada
to
much
musi
bird-lover
ime
sh
efo
was get-
and
11
til.
lei
The
third
bo
as
Or-
km and
with on
islei
Thej
and gravel
Island."
consisi of sand
ng place. Thereeveri
suit-
134
and
Molly Island
unlovely offspring.
most
them:
ideal for
arm
long, sheltered
is
it
young birds;
mer
years,
east
the
as
Dakota
advancing
steadily
to
lakes,
as
but
civilization
leader.
leader,
in
stroke,
as
Then
wings, which
set
the
In for-
nested
birds
these
is
pre-
abound
lie
in a
secluded
fish,
If a
will
it
from getting
passes,
is al-
dacious animals
graceful.
if
is
second
the
broken
bird
first
takes
on
by the
up the
far
to see these
the
best,
has
of the lake.
wonderful
in.
But
flyers at their
farther west
driven them
thest East."
farther and
The
them
to all
From
the lake.
passengers across,
is
least
one pelican
Swan!"
is
always raised.
so surprising
"Swan!
This
is
not
are
still
In flight pelicans
more striking
in appearance.
is a
sight to be
anil
precision.
in
squadrons that
To
is
It is a
and animal- that lias been ours in North America in the recent past
and it can but
interest us greatly in the work beingdone by the United States Government,
the wonderful series of birds
Horned Dinosaur
Monoclonius, a Cretaceous
l',\
dis-
the
so
imagination of the
the
times.
skulls,
chiefly
omplete skeletons,
mi
American Museum
expeditions
Canada
into
im-
several
me
Si.
and length of
feel
the
'!'
leratopsia
in
were large,
all
the skull
which
thi'\
to
.'iid
ill.'
bulk
beak like
a turtle's,
among
acters unique
present char-
rep!
les,
ing or
1\
extinct.
was fortunate
ton of one of
bers
of
family,
th(
complete
finding a skele-
in
four
all
the end
to
Monoclonius,
details
in all
from the
five
part
found mi Sand
Red
Deer
<
Ira
River,
in
The
hank.
the
rocks of the
omy
was
tributary of the
twelve
miles
below
Belly
River
member
view
in
the
scalloped
and
and
I".
feet
is,
in
of
femora and
in
part
ih,.
in.
of the
relief
from
for
used
It-
was exc
I.
ram
of low
de-
small
and
lingly
ontained
'
for
develop
adjustment
of
light,
io.nl,
not
was weakly
function
propelling
a
-.
The
as in the day
long,
as
organ.
no- of bony
rod-
pari
mothi
develhal-
Above
pre-
is
-
les.
specimen of Monoclonius
of the epidermis
preserved and
at
tail,
in
clipping
which n
bon;
eye,
sheathed
turtle'-,
the comparativi
a
owl,
the pelvis
the
teeth.
or
of
doubtless
dinosaur hall
beak like
.Mid
the e
i-
length, ith a
in
foliage on
Bai
hoof,
for
frill
lour
feel
fifth too.
foot
a rhinoceros-like
umn,
ntan
riking feature
-i
of the fan
nidi
mo-t
Fairly
of any
velopmenl
skeleton
there were
foot
bearing
each
toes,
Ii-
with
had weathered
that
of the feet
of
..in
little
Ii
ble-rooted
dated excepting
a
height.
in
tip of
of the tail,
il.-.'.
IVrt
feel
too-,
mem-
knovi
arliesi
il
of
seven-
was
remarkably short-bodied and walked on
in.. it
the
and
ih.'
..f
than six
in
and
equal
of
from the
with
dinosaurs
another specimen
assembled,
functional
other
rock.
after
outward.
remained problematical.
tail,
the original
KIND KNOWN
ITS
B R
impression
is
of
77/ A'
140
skin
homed
the
iii'
billed
lygonal
tubercles
surrounding widely
have been.
velopment,
however,
differenl
displayed
is
in
doubtless to
as they are in
vertebra.
during
lived
and
northward
eral
from Texas
southern Alberta.
to
genera
arc
Sev-
distinguished, chiefly
all
In
some genera
Monoclo-
many
but
habit,
whereas
in
life
while
tissue
in
These animals
table-feeding
the marshes of a
the orbital
In
due
to
count
horn,
nasal
long
longer
bristling
spikes
lizard
as the
offensive
the
that
which
along
lived
at that
of
that
radiated
frill
od
like a
the
were
stale
fossil
ith silicates,
"horned toad."
Some
horns
spikes
re]
the
addition
crown
modern
Phrynosoma, popularly known
the
for the
in
and
light,
time
washed the eastern slope of the Rocky
Mountains.
Their extinction was not
was
it
and largest of the race, Triceratops, the nasal horn was short and
weighed
in the last
living lizards.
and
defensive
perature,
dinosaut
i.-ap
drained,
cutti
kind
food,
of
As the moun-
ared.
their
off
and
migratory creatures,
as
they
the
particular
were not
final
disap-
Man
Fossil
in
LETT
stay resulted
of
reptiles
an.
in
the
quisition
ai
splendid
hi-
I'i.
m's
Mu
the
bj
collect
fossil
The
rates.
waj
back
enlisted,
served
hi-
ned
armj
a-
capacity
sional
found him cm
promptly
he
home, but
tor a term in lii- profes
ami
surgeon,
lias
His con-
Museum ami
it"'
in
Africa.
South
f"
tinued interest
apprecia-
following
new
disco
.M
mm.
the frontals 12
The cranium
is
having
in
supra
ness
"i'
The
re
ami very
ridges
"i bital
inmost
the
not
skull,
brain
tored
I960
the
that
c.c.
unfortunately,
lust,
the
teeth except
indii ates
cast
was about
nt
re-
developed
feebly
Kaffirs.
cranial capacity
I.
not
brow,
treating
war
great
the
of
outbreak
mm. and
BR
FRIENDS
seuni
South Africa
ill.
all
miliar,
fairly
is
well
jaw which
believe belongs
still
the Pilt
t..
down
skull.
the
Port
\n;n
3outb
bly
man.
tive
IOR.N
'
Knowing how
Piltdown
tin'
i-.
skull, tin'
In
itli
tin'
most
in
trench
Bos
at
tary remains
.it'
v.
,i
human
l>r.
I,.
his
s.
\
II.
those of an
em man
measurement
corresponding
papei
:i
have
Town
that
mini
man
a...
i,
an.
'
Igai
'I.'
ed from a similai
i
not
frontal
./,
eept
in
ican
Ij
man,
in
ami
supra-orbital
.lill'ers
lin
\\
hom
hut
f
'
I
ami
pe
tj
.1
eai
hal
ap,
Hi, lh nsi.s
t'i
!r6
p.
sinuses
/....'>-
Magnon
The
negroid type.
by the
the ancestral
the earlj
presented
I-
..t'
the
only
re
of
the
made
Haughton,
to
Lond
have regarded the
of
Boskop skull a-- the tj pe Of a in "A -p.
man, Homo capensis. 1 regard it as inter
me. hat.
between the "dawn man," / an
Homo
I
sent
jusl
logical Society,
i.
Peringuey, of Cape
....
been
has
In
Mu
Elizabeth
note
mains by Mr.
The
skeleton.
I'""
the
A preliminary
senm.
32 nun.
pleased to
1"-
v lint
exception of
has
ridges.
lit! le
e\
.lent itiOn
developed.
The
skull
is
The
represented
v.
occipital,
'In-
<
I..-
left
length.
it
the
i-
skull
cavity of
.'t
being
...
.:
say.
originally
Ij
In
..in
i.ut
exactlj
-in fai e
about
bj
laterite.
been known
how
deposits
..hi
we
we have
abundance of huge
the greatest
thick.
fossilizi
Slled
ramus
great
completely
i-
tin-
These surface
hoi izontal
skull
.if
.-.
mm. ami
probably
pa
of the
ith
210
The
length was
mm.
skinning knives
The
13-15
..I'
<
'In-Mean
"r
obtained any
pa
in
the
human remains.
Kiiuiierle\
In
district
bouchers
141
142
tin*
am
inclined to be-
lieve, or the
may be
known from
speaking.
The
while
South Africa
we had large numbers of some pre-Bushman
rare whose only remains hitherto known have
been the thousands of touchers, sometimes
of huge size, scattered over most of the
country.
The Boskop man is probably a
member of
this
still
race,
alive in
known
Europe.
Ever yours sincerely,
[Signed]
R. Broom.
in
in
South
survived
Asia,
The
significance
ciation of the
may
don
of the
Boskop
(indirect)
ers.
asso-
is
W. D. M.
best
Jordansmiihl
The largest piece of jade ever found in situ ami the largest ever polished,
measuring seven feet long by tin, and one half wide, and
weighing 718 pounds (.2140 tilograms)
THE
great
surface
now
circle of meteorites in
unique
among
same was true of the collections of all European and American museums. When abroad
1S99 to obtain such a specimen, I visited
southwest of Breslau in Si-
in
Jordansmiihl,
lesia,
in lsst.
Through
of
its
two and three tons, presents the most extensive surface of jade that has ever been
polished, and is the largest piece of jade
ever found in situ, though its weight is not
as great as that of a waterworn specimen
from
New
half tons,
exhibition
While
preparing
in
Museum.
the
catalogue
of
the
BCeber
EC.
contained
attached;
was enabled
quarry of Jor-
to locate the
it,
and use
single day at
my
Although Dr.
to the best
advantage the
protuberances
several
in
color,
be nephrite,
or
were
noted.
proved upon
jade.
investigation
to
The dimensions of
III.
L899
AJthongb people familiar with Jordansmuh] were
specimens of note id
spol where qu
the discovery of a jade bl<
1.1,1,
,.
skr|iti<;il
:ts
t.
ning jade
11
rrh of
;i
l.-~s
,1
Memorial Hall
*>f
the
American Museum
of
Natural History.
To the left
made
now
ei
ing of this
tliis
anil
one half
feet
in
length,
two
in
The strictness of the German regulations made dynamiting out of the question, but by means of a lever drill
a heavy
crowbar embedded in a log twelve feet long
ami six indies in diameter wielded by a
dozen men, the great mass was loosened
from its position. Dr. Hintze, who had the
right to claim one half of what was found,
kindly made arrangements to allow me to
transport to America the whole id' the giant
thickness.
There
in
A.
Meyer,
found
Professor
origin.
director
of
the
is
frage), concluded
(Die Vephrit-
New York
umph, owing
to
the
City,
tri-
extreme toughness of
jade.
George F. Kuxz.
from a consideration of
THE
American
the
Museum
of
Natural
in
mammals and
birds.
The
by a
M.
the
of
that
was the
region,
this
speeies of tiger.
From
presence
latest
in-
Col-
Ford,
Adrian
and
Mrs.
part
by the
Hoffman
and in
Jesup Fund of the American
Joline,
Museum.
lit
19
is
Hi,
in
tures,
proceeded
to
to
One of
Dur-
who
mammals, which
difficult
conditions under
which the expedition had to labor a temperature registering about 150 F. at midday ami 95 F. in the evening, with a humidity of approximately 95 the results are
Among the specimens
highly satisfactory.
mam-
to al
The
suc-
mammals
obtaining this
fine
genera.
fh e
in
largi
is
Sue
!'.
:i ii
to
men
of two
on
the
previously
fa-
in
B. Cald-
II.
(in J.iK
20,
was
mammals and
tropical countries.
in
few weeks
of a
Lftei
this
in
birds
furthei
region
belong to
P
:how and
Sanoi, Tongking, China, and thence by
i
Yumiani'ii.
i"
rail
Funnan
of
capita]
be
edil
the headquarters
party engaged
Cere the
riding.
few davs.
ili.
resting
ginal
nga ged
-.
i
nev
quentlj
When
the expedition
Through
contributions
in
Yunnan
trail
.Mr.
Hellei
While
in
not
far
high,
an.
re< eii
ed
saj
"We
attacke
I,
the
on
the
feet
of
ks
secured
ith
five
Mi,,-
ii,
ml,, in trip
have over
>n.i
the
in
equal
to
bose of
Li
hiang,
win
in.li-
gorals
lot
we ,i.i.
-m.w ami
as
tl,,,,,
drove us out.
cold
We
and
unci, and
The
iw
it-
ti
have a splendid
fauna along
for a
...
bt
el
and
for about
south
will then ! at
ge
pei
entage of the
trip
We
fifteen
tl
Yunnan
is
by
far
most
the
for
nut
it
get
is
not
large
its
rai
valuable."
We
pune,
its
,li.|
for
r ion of what
lai
idea
and
of
the
went
Y.
doubt the
\- a.
We
rows.
found
secure,
We
large
to
thir-
It.
01
somewhat disappointed
game, fur we found no
were
ages, ai-
difficult
type,
L917,
ha
field
they
I".
"We an
Li-Chiang,
vicinity
into
put
letter
:i
scouted ahead,
worke<
i
York
had
packs
the
there-
New
reach
going was
we bave
expedition
1'
an
grant
to
expedition,
was
been thoroughly
ransacked and the bandits, about forty in
the
deep pass, a
caravan, which
his
until about
not
7.
possible
'I'll.-
1 :> 1
somi
il
unino-
in
made
probably
York, the
in .Tune,
from
financed
first
of time.
\mII
fore;
lie
until
them that
extension
along the
about De-
stay
to
'
patrons who
it
has been
oi
New
left
should return
it
through
ibes
ti
.-it
Li-Chia
ribet
this
Mr. Andrews,
is
to
no
region.
few
tl
11.5
undoubtedly
will
sini e
e,
recent
bis
partii ulai
staj
the party
locality,
here
visited this
one of
Professor C. R. Keller.
secured
i-
J.
A. At.i en.
represent
the stone.
146
American Museum,
lies in their
exquisite coloring
human
Museum
S
I'ullinviiiy
>*- 1-<
Museum
the
hi-
'.'.
'
Messrs.
Wm. Reynolds Brown
L. DOHERTT, BrUCI
FORD, E. H. R.
;i
II
r.
Ki
roh, Edt<
W.
\nxa. Jr.,
M.
ii.
\V.
T-ii.-ni r,
Wm.
II.
Nichols, E. W.
bald T. Scofield, Edw.
P.
II
Henry
Pord,
Paul
s u hs, and
Davison and I'm
J.
P.
J.
i.
Sachs.
Messrs.
heimer and
Ari ai
Jr.,
Ji
>.
ssi:
B.
'
Mrs,
Henry
Mi ssrs.
Mr. A.
Ml
Jam:
..
r,
fartnrs.
ni
i
ai
uu>e
Marshall
II.
Ri< e,
An
Stettinius, and
I.'.
i,.
Patrons,
HENRY
Grej
B(
Bri
P.
Pru
WlCKHAM
<>
'
'
Fouvdi
Associati
AsSOCiatt
k
[<
,i
an.
Notes
Journal, the
have become members of
issue of the
the last
Pri
B.
interesting
usles
i,.
of slabs
^'h
po
Bi rn-
series
"i
Zehxder.
Members, Mrs. Frederick H.
Eaton,
Mrs.
Mb
Loui
Fitzgerald,
Geo. Lauder, Jr.,
\. V. Acker, Thora Ronalds, and
Annette SToi 8, General John Pitman,
Army. COLONEL DAVID L.
3tates
United States Army. Dr. E. H.
Arnold, Dr. Jami
Slyer, Dr. Prank
and Mi
Prank Alts
\v.
I.
Babcock, George V. \. Baldwin,
i/.
i6i
Mr.
'.
.mi
be state of
II.
has recently
ico,
laxai a
soul
in
by the Amer-
a acquired
Museum.
ican
The
slabs
oi
They were
iii.-un.ji1v
persons of rank.
\,\
cut
tnliciiis
.1
Bo
HAHN,
II:
BERT
Btrk-
BL1 M.
ER
H.
Bi rr,
Ci
x.
Headdresses
the slab.
Dorr,
Victor
Herbert,
Chas.
Edwin
can be
made
MlTIi
E.
ffARLES
William
J.
Pollak, David
Kn
Imt
in tin'
..in,
specimens come,
the
J.
8.
in the
'
'liinani.
is
Monte An
regioi
[ndians, and
at
the
ies
en
The
ruin
us
the great
Oaxaca
of
citj
ipied bj
he cai
fi
of
lull
ai
ilizations of the
fact
most of
that
:
A. Sperry,
beei
!.
it
W.
R iwle
Wad*li
has been a
Ethii ai
<
!i
m\ stery
discloses
the
the
fact
in
ma
tl
[I
lti re Si hool.
to
imination of
doi iiments
that
bj
tribute
seems to localize
:cur-
tl
-
higher deg
design,
which the
from
SCB
[.
J(
Elmer
For
beai
i.n
Mexican highlands.
roSEPH RuNSHEIM,
VII.I.E.
the
The chief
out.
overlooking the
narh
human
and with
thi
II.
Linden-
GEL,
entire
ery,
oi
Dyer,
ii.
E.
represent
(ill
Mi
Heller,
cases
a.
signs in most
limbs warped to
Geori
Bi
J.
E.
C.
i,l
William
i
i
ship:
t..
the
148
were used
style of art
however,
lasted
in
Jade
different.
is
those
that
but the
so precious,
is
objects probably
out-
others and
all
that even in
In
existed.
still
Mexico
southern
of
acquisition
in
series
of
the
art
rarer
is
especially
Museum
the American
of Natural History,
home
the ensuing
year namely,
Osborn;
Fairfield
First
of
Henry
Henry
P. Davison
Trustees for
Anson W.
The
budget
in
Museum
fulness of the
civic life in
to industry, art,
and
in these
Mineraux.
les
"Interessant
tainly
cat-
(Siluridae).
Messrs. John T. Nichols
and Ludlow Griscom have just completed the
classification of representatives of this group
and find sixty-three species, including eight
species and four genera new to science. The
new forms will later appear described and
figured in the Bulletin of the American Mu-
fishes
seum.
Two new
Africa.
fever,
certain
The
ticks
insect-borne
diseases
in
tick
The
11
mil
ll.r.
!''
leS
iv
n.,
are,
,1
(1775), 1773-1781.
curieux" the volumes cer-
Paris,
et
tsetse
fly,
Among
superiority
over
the
in
Lang
The second
mtU8 di
acquisition,
title
Der Organis-
by Dr. Friedrich Stein, a pupil of Johannes Midler, founder of the modern school of
biology in Germany.
This monograph has
long
The
|,
eon
needed by the
in
Museum
library.
fornia,
acquisition,
by William
A monograph
Charles
on the Ehynchophora, or
America by Messrs.
W, Leng and W.
S. Blatchley,
has
work
is
published.
making
it
The entomological department of the Museum receives every year a large number of
from insect collectors inspired by the
erroneous idea that the collection and sale
of butterflies and moths is a very profitable
letters
undertaking.
its
in periodicals or
terfly markets."
cir-
a congrant the
"naturel,"
page.
weevils, of northeastern
trol
is
Vice-President,
lines
('.
first is
J.,
Planches
representani au naturel ce
qui se trouve de plus inUresscmt et de plus
ile
of
J.
The
Buc'hoz, P.
valuable.
At
the
science.
is
moment
the
Museum
MUSEUM NOTES
giving an outline of the plan of the hall of
insect
life,
a
as possible
connected
tell
to
as
story.
are "The
is
an Inand Physiology," "Taxonomy," "Phylogeny," "The Pour
headings of the
be
and
A.;.'-
the
-'I ies
"What
sects,"
biatomy,
"Ontogeny,
sect,"
"1 asei
Seasons,"
Associa
'Evolution,"
-
Insects."
ial
as
L. Troxell a massive
ie of Texas.
of
the
It
unfortunately
is
only
preserved
are
there
skull
the
It
is
climax
in
however, and
finely preserved,
North
America.
It
distil
is
immense length of
thi
ami fore
War-
of the great
bile
feet
in
length,
in
the
Wan.
i.
lower
the
.jaw
exc
six
Is
more than
mastodon,
gi ol
[ts
<
i
important
an
Ainer-
the
li.dd
Dotes.
The
collection
northward.
region
is
ill.'
coast.
The
and
River
is
..hole
Alaskan
oi
hitherto not
Museum's
now
stretch
of
material
be repre
sented
in
collection,
but
is
particularly
hnndred and
fift-.
Museum
in srietitilic
Kuertes a Life
ing on
Member
February
ol
ogy.
far
but also to
illustrate,
research ami
Amei
in tin-
L9
painting of South American birds, the trustees of the Museum elected Louis Agassiz
The
second aim
.J.
150
department
anthropology has
re-
Pecan Bayou known as Section 24, surveyed by the Houston, Texas, and Brazos
River Railroad, and patented by D. W.
Tin-:
nt'
of
pieces
human
bone,
or-
Howe.
east about
with
The Tibetan
nately
carved
and
strung
background of green
together
cloth.
In
Museum.
microscopic
forms,
is
at present
devoting
the
phenomena.
Museum
The
tures,
first
Mr. Fabbri
and
will present to
Museum
of
made up of two
ors,
Four
colors,
known
as
has acquired by
fall
Burkett.
of the
It
new meis
in
si\
weighs 8,018 grams. The specimen was found by Mr. W. A. Smith, October, 1913, on the premises of his father-inlaw, Mr. D. W. Howe, in Coleman County,
Texas, al
eighteen and a half miles
pieces an.
soil.
These soils
seem to be of residual origin, the sands,
sandy loams, and gravelly loams being derived from the underlying Carboniferous
post
hackberry.
and
Blair, of Phila-
Company,
The composition of the meteorite
1915.
in
is
as follows:
silicon,
0.004;
sulphur,
0.172;
phosphorus,
0.169;
nickel,
6.670;
cobalt,
copper,
0.560;
00.02s
carbon,
0.014;
gravity
One
is
2.230.
was used
piece
lite is
is
The
iron,
specific
sulphur
0.163;
7.718.
The amount of
doubted.
obtained, that
phosphorus,
2.350;
nickel,
4.920;
cobalt,
0.180;
and iron
sition
bersite,
oxide, 24.000.
This compo-
phide.
Expedition,
in
1014,
remain
to
investigate
tories of the
closely
"River
the
life
of
his-
of the region.
the
the
Doubt"
MUSEUM NOTES
Paraguayan
the
in
.7i.no.
home of many
result
.1
Mr.
Museum
can
'herrie brings to
collection of three
hundred and
FOB
seum
vessels.
doubled
of
Museum
collection.
arth
discovered
lias
state of preservation of
fine
workers
commercial
-
trade
since
late
Peruvian textiles
This number has been
collection of ancient
textiles,
in
in
Museum
of the American
slides
objects
of
by
illustrated
lectures,
ol
tern
offered in Febru-
in
lan-
sign
New
the
in
Eerbert J. spin-
Dr.
26, "P]
by Mr. M. D. C. Crawford.
'
lit
ing
tly
main
silk
mi
the depai
bj
i
tober,
installed
Museum, through
floor of the
several
been
These
sei ies
and modern
ancient
Museum
the
al
earlier
an
in
Till Kl
on view
is
L916.
on
the
the cour
in-
ian.
and
Amur
local
give
flavor,
dians,
of
1861
to
and
detail
intimate glimpsi
of wolf packs
settlers,
Of
ion.
The
were
near
spent
its
Maselina
at
On July
Bluefiehls.
the
tup
and
Grande
Rio
Sixicuas Creek.
tributaries,
the
tl
New
collecting
moved
expedition
to
Creek
was
one
of
August
In
coastal
the
belt
southward
and
Mannhardl
zapolka
Rh
ei
creeks as
On
fe poled.
the
was
fraction
v\r-'
abundance of
an.
traders,
ii
of
tii-i
.-mi.
i.
Indian
In
tow
River collections.
years
tin-
nies.
II
the
in
the
exhibit
ing
manufacturii
'i
hall of
up
World.
!."
the
In-
fill
-haw like garmenl found
n
tm ic grave neai [ca,
been put on exhibition at the head of the
stairwaj mi the third floor of Die Museum.
As
of the work
L51
One of
A. D. Juilliard.
November an over-
ni
the
at
ibana
rivers.
In
foj
favorable
field
the
to
the Tuiiky
:
I
collei
being
ml
equi]
pack carriers
Tunkj
order
find
t..
Ii
Not
coming
interested,
and
fs
in
American
an textiles
..I
the
>
in the
Museum
increased
Amen
San
in
'
loSta
Ril a,
Sao
and
Tl
on
led
Miguelif...
Carlos
OUrce;
overland excursion
in
the
El
La]
up the lake to
Collection- and
Mention
oi
La Hunter. Machuca,
followed an
by the donatio!
tie heart
in
to
'.dorado.
ragua.
me
went south
desig
largely
war.
\l
Mr. Halter,
River, collecting at
Castillo,
Eden
.-it
dn
ision,
San
and
Siuna
through
listrict
the other
produce
The nun
ling
Bill
taken
in
Chontales
then
north
Moun-
152
77/ A'
tains.
San Miguelito
vicinity and
A trip was made
to
tliis
The
as
members March
of
lectures
each,
March
16, "The Conservation of Our Forby G. Clyde Fisher; March 23, "The
ests,"
by Ann E. Thomas
in the
March
30, "Agriculture
From
pears
new
to science.
series
of
The
many
forms,
especially
of
the
known from
rela-
tively
being represented.
In the
At
Dr. Seth E.
Meek
of the Field
6,
1914,
Museum
of
Meek was
interested.
contains plates of
many
interesting neotrop-
Gymnotids, and of a
THE
AMERICAN MUSEUM
JOURNAL
\ZTEC DISCOVERIES
RUINS OF TULOOM
AMERICA
A STORY FROM THE HIGH ANDES
THE EULACHON
A FOSSIL DEER
ORIGIN OF AGRICULTURE IN
of Natural History
BOARD OF TRUSTEES
President
First Vice-President
Cleveland H. Dodge
Treasurer
Henry
Davison
Adrian Iselin. Jr.
John Purroy Mitchel, Mayor of the City of New York
William A. Prendergast, Comptroller of the City of New York
Cabot Ward, President of the Department of Parks
Henry C. Frick
Charles Lanier
George F. Baker
Madison Grant
Ogden Mills
Frederick F. Brewster
Anson W. Hard
Percy R. Pyne
Joseph H. Choate
Archer M. Huntington
John B. Trevor
E. Fulton Cutting
Arthur Curtiss James
Felix M. Warburg
Thomas DeWitt Cutler
Walter B. James
George W. Wickersham
James Douglas
P.
A. D. Juilliard
administrative officers
Assistant Treasurer
A.
Vertebrate Palaeontology
LL.D., D.Sc, Curator
Mineralogy
William K. Gregory,
tology
Charles
Invertebrate Zoology
Mutchler, Assistant
Willard G. Van Name, Ph.D., Assistant
Frank E. Watson, B.S., Assistant
W. M. Wheeler, Ph.D., Hon. Curator Soci:
A. J.
R.
Associate
Anthropology
CLARK Wissler, Ph.D., Curator
Pliny E. Goddard, Ph.D., Curator Ethnology
H.
Lowie,
Ph.D., Assoc. Curator
Robert
Herbert J. Spinden, Ph.D., Asst. Curator
N.
C.
Nelson, M.L..
Asst.
Curator
in Textiles
Insects
Associate in
Physiology
Mammalogy and
J. A.
Ornithology
P.
Charles-Edward
A.
Win slow,
M.S., M.A.,
Curator
Thomas
Public Health
G.
Public Education
George H. Sherwood, A.M., Curator
fi, Clyde Fisher, Ph.D., Asst. Curator
ANN E. Thomas. Ph.B., Assistant
THE
AMERICAN MUSEUM
JOURNAE
DEVOTED TO NATURAL HISTORY. EXPLORATION. AND THE
DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC EDUCATION
THROUGH THE MUSI UM
gfc
ta
533251
Match, km
VOl
ME XVII. NUMBI
MAY
AMERICAN MUSEUM OF
ii
156
Leo
for Scytalopus
;l
E.
Millee
15?
American Expedition
<!
s ,,,.-,,/,.,,,,
Author
the
l.y
l.n
Eabl
Ruin
the Aztec
ai
the South
bj
final
from photographs
Illustrations
Peaks
E. Miller
II.
Morris
be constructed
169
mosaic of the
Illustrations
from speeimens
in
Ameriean Museum
the
of Agriculture in
Herbeei
America
'-
Spinden
181
The wori
many
of our
common
American Museum.
in the
a note bj
illowed bj
I'r.
Spinden on
tie-
greater u
draw
Yucatan
M.
ul
achon and
it-
Kindred
hieh
i^
making
Erom Argentina
porarj of the ground sloths from
ol
deer
in
tie
work
Ki;i.m
of Titian
Matth]
S ituralisl
Brief mention of the
D.
205
I;
i.-n
A.
Li
\-
-.'l
'.'
should
The Jovr
New
tx
American
Mip
in all
Ramsai Peale
members
'
of
Editor
77tli
St.
and
DRIFTING CLOUDS
Each morning the bleak paramos, above timber Hue in the Andes, are covered with clouds, through which the lofty
mountain peaks stand forth like islands in an ocean of foam. The work of the expedition in tins region
and the lack of fuel, there was
was done under disadvantages, for in addition to the intense
always the possibility of being trapped far from .-amp by the unexpected rolling in
There is nothing to do, when thus "lost "in
of these banks of clouds.
the cold, dense mist, but wail the h.ng hours until it is lifted
i
M USEUM
The American
Search
By
for Scytalopus
EO
E.
.t
THE
wrenlike birds of
liuli'
tin'
nphs
to collei
difficull
I.
bj
tin'
species in
poorly
represented
museum
in
Native
col-
hunting
collectors,
Author
ih.'
plant?,
is
it
means sure
by no
museum
ing the
have heai
of any
lections.
E R
I.
JOURNAL
j
hand
hunter's
feet,
the riot
in
losl
his
at
ig
pi
many thousands
number
ments
and
many
parts
only
of birds,
which
of
the world
hich could
have
small,
in
forests or
tropical
l'...!i\
little
collected.
The
blackish
tapa-
or
among
i.-i.
tin'
Argentine frontier,
it
was necessary
railroad
Tin-
not t"
i-
find ln>w
!><
wondered
at
when we
rainy
th>'
tiny.
carriage
trail
linl.it-
confine
season,
its
it.
the
one
the
however,
difficulty
which
mouselike
lie
I'
minal-, ami
ored
-hot.
may
two
in
in
connects
During
both
the
automo-
Ei
and
d
to
'li.--
motor cars
are run
o\
qui
Sucre had
La Quiaca, on the
the tangled
ramos,
months'
eight
expedition started
Argentine Republic.
headquarters for
usuallj
but
taken with
slate-colored
found only
colos,
Vic
completing
\fi.r
for ih.'
plumage, and
those of brilliant
difficulty,
greater
eventually
institul
scientific
"1'
tin'
have
to milliner}
bird
Even after
after
it
ha-
been
.-.
of
to
twice
cover
securing
the
two
me
so
great
other inthat
we
158
pack train.
The expedition
left
stepping
Sucre December
22 (1915).
We had engaged an adequate caravan of mules and burros and
a
number
journey.
dians
who
may
had
to be taken
way
in the
little
of
There
and
there
is
In
unproductive.
places
We
and
barren
of
vegetation.
all
and
thousand
twelve
thousand
is
feet.
most
across
La
selves in
we found our-
this,
in mines,
and gold
ore,
ore.
They
dis-
be taken
it
the
to
smelters
to
in Buenos
Aires.
Our
tine
object in
was
coming
Argen-
to the
The
acqui-
it
problems of distribution.
We
there-
and
started southward.
From La Quiaca
distances
find suitable
to the station
stance
between
The
streams.
temperature
32.
of which
is
12,400
scends at a steep
fact that
a rack
feet.
Then it
grade so steep
dein
Our
headquarters were
first
Kosario de Lerma,
Salta.
We
town was
made
at
city
of
near the
heavily
suffering
upon our
was surrounded by cultivated fields, pastures, and a few
clumps of open, low woods. The at-
sickness,
about a
score
of
arrival that
it
Villazon
scattered,
We arrived on a
Sunday, when the custom house was
in
South
our way.
it
many
America.
They
was possible
amount
to
of un-
.1
usually
but
material,
interesting
great
VLOPX
159
ho
Washington
their
gress
base,
seuni of
ii!
li.nl
Lerma
Rosario de
number
as
of exi urs o
hundreds of miles
dis-
tant, in
bach
the bird
was
tin-
place
still
fairly
found
w<
in
which
to
which are
rheas,
abundant
persecution
[n
the
of
spite
have been
they
villag
cents apii
thai
to
tli
prii
it
number
man
is
is
to
fifteen
found,
were
about as
rule
in
Oui
re
was
has
was
its .
game
been
In
successful,
in
manj
ommendable
was
but
it
hie
omparat
tin
el]
>
lo
Tucuman.
west
lull.
to
ilnn-,.
in
going
rail
and
to
of
forest,
then
\\
proceeded
with a
we
so
left
lost
the
southwest-
Minion
little
.i
San
called
the heart
in
rea
;
Suffice
be covered
brick chimnej
and
[i
re
of a
and
laws so that
tlii-
but
<
proi ince,
separate
locality to another.
of
found
by
palace.
there
the
refin
next
far
A range
ward
Mi
havi
building
to secure
the
at
Tin- we
wi.ii
vated
-.in-,
tall,
in
it
with this
pocket.
in\
can carry.
son had
sperate.
isit
the
left
in
and
a collect
ii
Was
this
di
man
it
when
ailed
inn
i-
ii
that
r-
as there are
ive,
\i\
to saj
city
A-
twenty-four
tli
full
Mm.
should not
no time
ot
of such
Vni'L
again
Ordinarily
growth of
conteii
[ual
twenty
about
al
account
sons
received
rii
\r
to
isit
con-
ific
bei d
\im
we made
ii
we had
so
areas
into
road
cart
sections
supply
the
very
hundred
where
high,
feet
Tucuman
and
is
settlement
is
the
situated.
six
little
The
of the
<
consul
m
all
in
a
Tucuman), who
great many hours
from
were
in vain.
'lay a
the great
lengthy account
copy of
superb;
east
is
in
ho^ repre-
chateaux, thereby
heat
of
the
symmetrical
it-
to
id
fields of
lower
country
perfect!}
<>ur quest
spend the
to
pleasant
in
country.
Tucuman
month-
the
out in
small,
tnu.l.h
green, divi
river,
ions
a
and
haze of
Quichua Indian
wash
i.rr of
all
villas,,
thi
of
I'nu
bul
the\
La
Quiaca
i-
ar.-
l.uili
.nur.li
..f
at. I.'
a.lnl...
in
\\
Ti
itlislan.l
yean
Tinnk.-fl
l.y
railroad
between
high, barr.-n
dill*,
entina,
bi
run
ras
a-
if
heavj
.innati.- ...n.lition-
rain
;..
would
purple mist.
stern
itous,
the
west
rises
the
top
hidden
in
banks
of
From
feet.
day we heard
shrill
the
very
little
call
to
Scytalo-
grayish clouds.
We made
four thousand
lii-sl
first
camp
at
in the forest
an altitude of
mained
in
re-
among
concealment
the
we
get
glimpse of
Then we moved
other
of
side
mountain
the
we
where,
had been
hunt-
told,
was not
ing
it.
to the
so
diffi-
cult.
were
Birds
abundant, the
not
mi-
fall
having
grations
left
de-
The few
spe-
serted.
which remained,
cies
humming
of
species
birds
somber
the
green of
tion.
and
color
lent
to
life
wire
and several
plentiful,
the
vegeta-
After
many
we succeeded
days,
in
chirp
to
and
found,
bird
we were
but
seeking,
little
of the shy-
possible
nature.
The minute,
secretive
creature
seemed
spend
entire time
its
among
roots
no
to
the buttressed
and moss-draped
undergrowth,
In spite of the hundreds of thousands of rheas killed for their feathwhich are used in making dusters, these great birds are still fairly
abundant in Argentina. Their eggs sell in the local markets for about
twenty cents ftpiece, not an exorbitant price for an egg which equals a
dozen hen's eggs in size and probably in food value
the
not
dainty
wood wren
est
ers,
source,
its
ray
where
sunlight
of
darkness,
and semi-
or
give
glimpses of daylight
Its
at
infrequent
We
state
had come
to the mountains in a
enthusiasm and expectant 3
of
for here
dant than
it
As the days
passed, thrilling excitement gave way
and
finally,
exasperation;
disapto
las!
\
i-it
-<>rt
the
<
not forthcoming.
As
was therefore decided
it
>}
of
>
Villa
ai
was
tapacolo
intervals.
appointment.
range, which
tin'
at
t"
tin-
thousand
This neeessita
feet.
was
matter
arranged,
and
one
dred pounds.
pointmenl
remained
alone
void created by
the'
flight
t.>
of
till
tin
the
other
We
returned to
collections
then
which had
struck
south.
the
IV.r
This time we
ion
called
hours
li
camped
Tucuman
o
to
pack the
left
ll
the
hut
of
the railroad
doomed
die
t"
able
save
the
full
when an
leaf)
the
silver)
moon
upon
the
branches
trail.
radiance
arch,
thus
permitting
fitful
to
light
Over the
farther
Tucuman, and
we
overhanging
made, and
forest
from
earth,
tunnel,
and
to
blotches en
fall
in
quavering,
the ground.
We
164
almost
could
blackness
Like
\\
water
in
touch
light
impenetrable
the
feel
of
dark
sides
all
The
pool.
dangling
streamer
the
swish
fern
of
bead,
or
leaves
made
seem
ii
if
turbed
brooding
the
No
sand
as,
instinct,
Then
the
bloodthirsty
the
inhabitable.
muddy and
their
rock-
Hour
after hour
wake
we followed blindly
winding
of the hell-mule,
The
way seemed to lie
a small mountain
latter
part
of the
within
filled
with
rank,
low
which render
flies
it
un-
trail led
gently
strewn lane.
in the
extent,
dis-
way through
erable
of
thou-
is five
mules,
which
feet.
sound
silence
Finally,
water.
hearing
distance
of
rushing
and
past
four
in
the
afternoon
At
we
On account of the abundance of moisture in the Cloud Forest of the Andean slopes, the trees are
covered with mosses, and their branches form aerial gardens of orchids, ferns, and parasitic plants. It
was through this deep, dark tangle, to which the rays of the sun never penetrate, that the expedition
made the ride at night on the search for ScytfUopUS
.-rril
in a
and
fifteen
tin;ilh
w.-i-
pro\ ided
and
excavated
shining
returned
though
thousand
peaks shul
from the
willows
have
been
-'.
birds
came
surrounding
There
to
:<
planted
large
it
no natu-
is
in
is
and proted
in the valley
icy winds.
I
altitude
the
the
feet,
delightful
in"-!
is
li
seven
near
numbers
Hawks
many
we
during
"iir
lark-,
flycatchers,
thrushes,
and
cold
clear,
rats,
which
stream,
flows
valley, spreads
pipers
made
these plat es
ami were
"ii.
to fly
when
flj
-"
sand-
favorite re-
>
were
sandpipers
Pectoral
were unable
area,
<
herons, ami
mvlit
ducks, coots,
tion,
When
Is,
either
ti
in holes
the
of
barren
to their
banks of earth.
in
sort.
of this world.
Even
mon
tl
brightly the
we
still
Argentii
<
After the
inhabitants.
region,
pa
the cold
in
hospitably
lnii
the
of
urt--
ti
\. .//.;/.,,<!/*
that
fat
ami could
There were
noi
the}
bi
also
are beautiful
'
floi
creatures,
>
with
outstreti
measured
hed nei ks and
motionless
in
legs,
the
or
when
shallow
quivering
in
Lapwings
outlines.
faced
become
to
little parties
began
to scour the
frightened
and
visit
;iua\
inoculations
effective,
frequently
stalking.
We
began to wonder
if
because,
the
so
far,
it
even
existed at
all,
most thorough
reveal any trace of
much
very
possibility
strangers look
all
is
a bleak re-
possesses
it.
reunite
region in
and after
dull-colored bird,
it
became an open
regarded
as
small,
search of a
spies
few days
secret that
though
we were
what
just
not be determined.
so
sionally
in
good-natured manner;
and when we were away on hunting excursions, it was the custom to put our
cook,
him
through a
Bolivian,
of
to
Therefore, when
visit.
move
sort
"third
to the
little valley,
we planned
to
prepare
our new
try
from
The
only person
point of vantage.
who
really
from
understood
was a
i"
vaccinate the
or
three soldiers,
sach
Indians.
He
man
sent
up
started
Indian- of
cinated them.
The
at.
ad
hut
when,
Work
mist.
in
its
of fuel, there
is
may
one
that
is so
from
trapped far
The
penetrating
cold,
dense that
it is
impossible to
but a
objects
distinguish
camp by banks
unexpectedly
mist
few yards
is
phenomenon, there
is
may
outlines.
overtaken by
nothing to
which
lifts,
they
flee
slopes.
the
to
The
or grass, harbors
bird
is
loath to leave
no sooner does
which
are
it
rocky
inaccessible
paja,
its
always
hovering
it
about,
away.
These are
filled
with a
The
we could
sides
find
no
more
SEARCH FOB
.1
of rope.
Eter
leading
number
;i
narrow
ever,
one
to
of
tin-
calls thai
On
certainty.
tiring
work
to
we
life
pen
among
air.
m>tes
seemed as
avail
o
i
tation
if
for
it
among
was
thai
Mahomel and
and we
lv
there
was
crisp
sible to
bowlder,
snug
retreat.
then up went
of low, scolding
from
feathered
the
angi
in
our
make
difficult
hundreds
for
hopped about
it
of entering
stronghold,
it
came
(dose.
to a
waj
was pos-
search, covering so
of miles,
and successful
little
Drawn
succession
emanated
We
the mountain
its
inspection
its
and
numbers
min-
darkness,
citement.
to
disturb-
Then
invaded
had
mite as
chaos
impossible
great
the
of
moss-covered
mo
the
minute, shadowy
on
complete
the rocks.
among
out
darted
lied
then a
breaking
of
ards awaj
passed
which
possibility
LCi
and turned a pair of bright, inquisitive eyes upon the strange monsters
alti-
unpleasant
form
ai
was slow.
ii
Ei
utes
degree of
fair
from
ravines
TALOPUS
of day-, how-
was discovered
fissure
>'<
Thus
many
pleasant
A
thing
.it
he di'vrr
skill
;iinl
the soap
weed were
Mi.'
split,
trimmed,
barians
tions
who dreamed,
achieved, and v
before Columbus first set foot
By
Ti
of
of
who
the
sys-
even hopeless,
seem
excavation
preliminary
Because
rnin.
metal and
of
limited
the
the
tec
abs
the
of
use
which
to
can be put,
basketry
prehistoric
R R
multitude of
Deeds.
par-
one
to
and
earth
of
of
Difficult,
task mighl
materia] achieve-
its
exploration
village or city.
such
the
who undertakes
student
tematic
from
people
MO
II.
>
ments
the
RL
stone
which
to
community
ancienl Pueblo
lage
New
Aztec,
ai
vil-
Mexico.
Bui
dwi llings,
chambers,
brings
Eorth
are
examples of ab-
veritable
of
skill
maj
to 3 ield
:..u
rear-
picture
id
i]
dispersed
made
homes
the
and
dogs
\ i\
and
builders,
hearths
time
of
These
mosaic
hit-
which careful
tudes
spade
the
handiwork.
original
and
ceremonial
of
burial
Since
owls.
its
their
prairie
of
"the
til
years,
tempted
ai
scription
In ions
that
oi
will
time
this
be
is
at-
de-
some
of
specimens
summer
work
the
all
found
The
during
the
of 1916, and
59
Is
the
mosl -striking
the
collei tion
are
perhaps
feature
gaihi d
from
.loned
discarded
material
Tins
of
ctij
be
perishable articles
In fact, some of the dried corn
preserved.
as
a
:
for
,ea
red.
Potter]
Pui
dwellings
>'ni:.r> .Idi
if
taken from
kn
170
hcular
type
various
foods
function.
of
pigment mixed
even
mortar
building
In
bowls
carried
to
making, or
the
masons
Water was
The
Flat-bottomed
mugs and
the
pueblo.
tall
of
into needles,
made from the short heavy bones of deer and elk, the trochan
The longer bones were sawed and split longitudinally with Si
tions were then reduced by rubbing upon pieces of sandstoiM
awls, anil punches
(The numerals in ink represent the cata
iluseum)
the
their
women
heads,
in
which
in
position
lull or
they
empty.
to
animals
at-
in clay,
dividual caprice
due perhaps
<>t'
the potter, it to
some
deity.
Exam-
commonly
been
called
human
seated
broken,
'['he
had
keen-
link
show
that
it
was
intentionally
decapitated.
The must
beautiful
tery
shows
\\ ii li
black mi
red
a
i
In
variety of pot-
ground ornamented
interior of the
skinning knivi
essel,
tone imple
Usuallj the]
and
Hopi Indian to
ipon their altars to symbolize the spirits of departed warriors.
the kind from which thej are made i~ know,, to occur within one hundred and li'i
gray.
This
which
figure
mark.- of a
hard
color from
171
.,/,,.
bj
nottlinj
the
outside.
Some specimens
Aztec.
rave at
is
are evidently
the
tive
it
may
he pos-
to
sible
sons,
rooms,
tuary
beneath
"i-
in
the
rooms
purposes.
were found
last
of
floors
set
living
coiled baskets.
the
highly ornamented.
Upon
white groundwork,
attained
the gray or
in
most,
ored slip
vessel,
were traced
designs
black
in
in.
now
at realistic repre-
sentation.
The
they were
The yucca plant furnished needles. A long
Blender strip was split from a leaf, and the basal
portion chewed or beaten until the fibers were
Those
separated, and all but a few broken off.
remaining were twisted around the cotton thread.
The sharp
thus attaching it firmly to the needle.
thorny point of the leaf was strong and keen
enough to pierce ordinary cloth, but if skins or
tough fabrics were to be joined, doubtless a bone
awl was used to open a way for the needle
left,
ashes of extinguished
common
practice,
cracked,
or
liquids, to
fires.
when
It
was a
they
were
no longer hold
them into the floors,
would
sink
jars.
and
for covers;
mud.
of
movemenl
phere
reek of pungenl
minute-
few
-o
i-
up
stirs
In
dust.
173
thick that
atmos-
the
distant.
breath of clean
The
diffii
tached
be
at-
specimens
of
recovery
the
to
may
which
ulty
make
sure thai
tson
A- slow decay of
enabled
timbers
iporting
rain
the fragments
to
many
one by one
id'
the
floor,
the fragments
fell
an
by
ered
accumulation
A-
washed earth.
I.
this lower
upon
name
the
pottery
rain-
red
brighl
'The
red
rom
76 cubic
feel
of earth
mi
over them.
more than
-i\
through
the
of
Sifting
i-
when
doors,
ordeal.
it
it
slow and
ha-
acquires
In
to
hunters
these
for
drop of
man
to
crawl
veritable
The
ruin
the
into
whose ceilings
of
protection
diffi-
lie
'
to
decided
\ stei
bar one
ami
ruin,
of them,
to
ascertain
ild
I...
to lai
lb,'
bi b
this
in
in
it
way the
Men were pm
cay.
remove
if
was
it
and
thirty
ton-
t,i
work to
earth
of
and
workman
Hon
set
of a
e.
In
and beneath
a
lay a
it
few momenl
fallen
yucca
il
'Me depth
througl
with
refuse,
every
the qualitii
air
is
as
intact.
eilings
done within
and no current of
tunneled
be
to
treasure bouse.
relic
accumulation
|.
proved
refuse,
but a
of the
side
sandal.
but
nothing
is
interesting
or
back
frag-
inches to
-i\
To P
suggestive
with
membranes
inflamed for
To
particularly
order
throat
several days.
of dirt.
1'ul
nose ami
of the
the
leaves
tilth,
acrid quality
it-
finely
of
the
km
is
presi nee
sum, and
The
air.
cult
by whii
day and
of
workman caughl
sun
the
of
trlint
are
I'eet
ive
tions they
of
and
importance.
for five
cloud
of
sie\e<
days two
du-t
were brought,
men worked
separating
When
the
task
in
tin
ai
was completed,
there
174
were eleven
filled
jects,
something over
six
hundred
speci-
in all.
below,
tassels,
fully intact
also
pumpkin
and
branches,
seeds
and
shells.
show
upon what wild and cultivated
foods the aborigines depended for sus-
plainly
tenance.
Cotton
yucca
fiber,
and
leaves,
The
products.
textile
cotton
was
was
strip
the
split
from a yucca
long
leaf,
and
so
that
portion macerated
basal
The thorn
an
at the
twisted
in
and
around
was
cotton
the
thread.
Yucca
whole or
leaves,
split,
were
Some
of the cord
sixty
linen,
is
as fine as
and some
is
number
as large as
quarter-inch rope.
cloth
Photograph
When
till
Earl E. Morris
floors
may
into jacket-like
in
various
si
floors,
i
or
for
wrapping the
to
of
-:-i
with
found
others
and
husks
in
<-\
pair-,
have
snow-
been
frame of n
oval
.-in
il-
They
them
grass.
some of
were
large,
Although these
and
and
ornaments
\ ami rous
perhaps
and
variety
beads of black,
of
white,
gray,
ami red
number
them bound
When
make
the
material
sighl
strung
a
upon
curd-,
sets
as an
as well
mi.
customs
and
backing of pitch:
itself
and
tin
the
ipre-
to
place by
ruin
should
the
of
culture,
nil
indii
of
wealth
of
held in
they
richness
feature-
of an inch in diameter; a
desi ription
ragmentary,
gum
in
bject.
me
surface of -mi
which ma
idently fashion
of children.
thoughts,
1I1.
of
the
andiwork
tive
ol
EloM
nias
Spaniards
-
pas!
instructive
to
people,
1
aused
name
beliefs,
e\
idem
the imagina-
the river
vi
Perditas
in-
and
lii.li
\ni-
w
When
snow
17G
RUIN
seldom leave more than a few inches of snow upon the ground in the
an inadequate protection against even so slight a fall. In consere made from an oval loop of willow beneath which was lashed a bundle
earing these the traveler might go dry-shod and well protected from the
s
-ere
The builders
of the Aztec ruin used fiber of cotton and yucca for cloth making.
The cotton gartended to be worn during ritualistic ceremonies and upon ilr.-^ occasions, were as soft and
heavy muslin. Ordinary apparel, sacks, and burden straps were woven from the coarser fiber
pliable as
It
i-
clear to
what
rushes
I.
cultivated
as
the
in
tin
nd
for pottery
away from excavations, and mortal carried to the masons. Refuse heaps are
them, and many exct.-ll.-nt -p.M/iiu.- is are found with tin- dead
filled
is
The ground-color
of
drawn
in the
same shade
ol
dun
iil.-
the dominant
It
"maize god,"
who was imagined as a youth
concerns
tnl
the
protection
The
side
details
are
from
Stele
at
lopan,
fashioned into
maize.
also
conventional
Elsewhere in the
ear
of
New World
and art.
The world today is indebted to the work
of the American Indian for the following
religion
,,ii
Plants
The
America'
in
ne
By
0\
foreland
the
E K T
ancient
of
outstanding
the one
is
For withoui
fact.
and abundant
sure
supply, to be se-
food
cured onlj
b]
American
[ndians
have
oever
could
lowly
or
ers,
was
indeed
both
arts,
Agriculture
fishermen.
the
in
inven-
indispensable
the
made
tion that
i;
the rather
in
Wild stocks
for
tain,
regions.
The
ture
cradle of
appears
Now World
agricul-
to
>ld
PIND
-1
New.
agriculture began independently
5 el
in
the two
The
hemispheres.
plants
Asia, and
Africa.
the
Pacific
islands,
We
New World
unrelated
and the
upon agriculture,
and
population
of
the
sible
in.
asi
accumulation
the
this
in
of
vi
and
intellectual
ale.
ea
had several
ica, l.nt
of
poii
tlii-
in
.I..,.-
ii.
mon
may have
agriculture
products
seem
Amer-
likely, since
wherever
agriculture
mi.-.
distribution,
i
the
more
for
lim-
humid lowlands
of
tin.
Pottery reproduction- of
.
actual
in.-u/.',
>'.'ir-
in
,-a-t
oi"
great
.1,
im.l.Is
ceremonial
132
The
nearest
far discovered
is
styles
have
and
other,
it
is
The
layer
When we
is
liar features in
ment, and
likely
is
an inter-
home
for the
it
by these special
art
On
the north
cultivation had
its
been
mouth
mouth
south to the
Plata.
ful
and on the
of the Rio de la
It
breeding to meet
and
tions of heat
care-
cold,
moisture.
In
of Colombia
the
early
history
is
of
archaeological rather
than botanical.
New World
the
seem
have
to
level of
risen
The
trail
marks
When we examine
of Peru.
id'
restoring
of the
we
tery,
find that
it
is
all
pot-
abundant
in
associated with
ing in
agriculture or depen-
Theo-
would be more
dent
tions.
and
fragile
and consequently of
Stationary
In America we
life.
lliul
that
closely
tin'
boundaries
some
regions
Pottery
tion
in
is
slightly
made with an
beyond
Like agriculture,
Irrigation
agriculture
of
often looked
to
into
upon
is
as a
the introduction
an arid country.
at our
gard
it
as
are
Mexico,
in
-
entary
peoples namely,
religious
origin.
amount
re-
pottery
and
is
remarkable sequel
pottery
conditions
The
bas
under
in
document.
originate
them.
and
agriculture
of
infinite varia-
to
little
plane of
retically,
likely
sure
structures
food
that
result
supply and a
from
reasonable
of leisure.
known
facts
CO
1J
I r
1 5.1
184
in the
ease,
why we should
reasons
first
The
environment.
on food supply
is
press of population
the
man
there
culture,
usually
is
such
ing the
soil
does not at
till-
appear.
first
known
is
in
The "maize god" of the Peruvians (see figure at the left) was buried in th
and in some sections the ceremony is still kepi up. The body is formed
The cemetery of Ghimbote on the arid coast of Peru has furnished us this
(water jar at right). The realism of these ancient casts made from molds is
crops,
field
!
molded ears
of maize,
jr decorated with
peanuts
is
bountiful
but where
an
insidious
plenty
desert
life.
In the
is
less
man
makes
It
is
perhaps
ir
ble
for
the
intermediate type
of cn-
n
where agriculture is possiwithout irrigation, and where it
<
an
open
culti-
question
energy,
plants,
seen
in
most
to con-
desert
fornia, of
As
under
vation. 1
these regions.
plants
over
value
Eood
parative
At any rate,
s.
more propitious cli
seeds thai grow with avidity or the
slightest encouragement form a large
part of the dietary of deseri
seeds
crops
spi
at
would
and
nists
tion,
would result in
-low
arefullj
Certainly
answer.
redui ed
to
after
cultiva-
new environ-
to
maturitj
give
seeds
for
v.
the
in
Sweel
<
Maize, beans,
common
are
ith
both
to
both
in
rid
humid lowland
varieties
by the
In
origin
of
peppers,
red
word
Aztec
Mexico
sev-
often
ch\
if
was
it
the
curs as
north as Colorado.
far
Pea-
Peruvian spe-
The weight
ence
of
anthropological
sci-
i-
human
totnatl in the
lounced
in
name from
culture, and
common
plant was
comi ng of
been
lolumbus,
tint
Huh example
which appearthe
Pacific,
Eor
cosmopoli-
i>
the con
gourd,
one and the -a
to be
(Id
and
in
plant,
America.
was
bul
is
It
mui
economic
appear
not
as
plant,
ground,
ies,
nto
was grown
ailed
hocolatl and
delicious
in
the lower
drink.
this
was
ai
ao
Thi re
itled
word
Mexican
fur
produ<
arracacba
tl"-
"'
bian
in
'
of
and
Mexi.-o
-mall
bj the
said to
may
sr-ds
since
the
pi
Peruvian word
Several wild species of peanut* ar.
merica
is
fruit
mid parts
Mi
co
and Central
America, under the shade of another
tree, called the
hut
Many
cotton.
is
it,
.1-
docs
world-encircling family of
When
An
uses.
that
-pedes
single
the
nol
cultivated
important
rather as
!"-
doubt.
in
tan use in
in
both the
to
il
beyond
established
the
ves
be!
it
old
Eood
ter
i-
to
tivated
also cultivated
called
this plant
It
was known
squashes
eral
doubtful
espei tally
mas
areas, bui
ation.
and
in the
Indies.
parts of the
developed.
tremendously hastened
I"'
selection.
to
increasing
greatly
a
adaptation
artificial
that
is
has been
the nexl
i
one of continuous
life to
irrigation
ments musl
by
many
in
In
should
the
drink
Cacao
Wot
the plant
watering.
artificial
changes
physical
and made
it
harsh
western Vene-
tribes of
cultivated
zuela
Called
in
result
suggesl
ease under
mountain
the
pies.
streams
beside
to
volunteer
naturally
Whether the
from
and
rigs
of
land tribes.
these
IS5
of
the
""">>' is
used.
ind Oolom
c and the
in IVni of
pigweed family,
similar
ISO
wild
brought
under cultivation or turned to human
Cotton also occurs on oceanic islands, such as the Galapagos, which
use.
But
imes.
it is
important
modern cotton
the
of
that of the
sentially
modem
to note that
commerce
American
is
es-
Indi-
ans.
limits
of
pottery
distribution
the
and,
known
to
The
and apparently oldest, type occurs in open and rather arid territory
first,
advantage
of distribution by wind
and water, and we may lie perm it led to
assume that they passed in such fash-
ion
New.
the
to
tion
type
is
usually necessary.
The second
is
lowlands where the land must ordinarhe cleared of the forest before plant-
ily
try
all
Nearly
there
is
do cer-
actually existed
even in
itself
under cultivation, or
names
for
ously absent
and native
collections,
the
among Indian
tribes.
under
drawn
An
outlying area
is
also
is
seen, agriculture
wave.
of
agriculture
is
in
across
this
tropics.
China,
conditions
but
as the region
temperate
first
The
the
humid and
The Maya
heavily
forested
civilization, prob-
the
of Central America.
at
its
height in 1500.
On
embraced
tively easy,
sections
large
of
the
East
plants
is
owing
the highlands
soil
is
compara-
to scanty vegetation
in irrigation.
On
when
to
upon.
kept
eagerly
seized
ing farmers.
Moreover, there
is
reason
1SS
77/
est -cover
AMEL'/CAX
/i
human
life.
But while extremely high civilization might result when the material
wealth of the humid tropics is garnered
MCSECM
JOl'/iXAL
seems also to have been developed, although to a much less extent, in parts
of the Argentine
Among
the
Mandan
Indians of North
to
such state of
Amazon
In the great
affairs.
Valley,
we
find agriculture
high
unaccompanied by
developments,
social
although
known throughout
squashes
are
area, but
maize
is
this
after planting.
plane, especially
there
grow wild
is little
first
and
in Brazil,
single
If
we glance
brought
the world
Maize
in its
is
is
toes,
production
the
States
world's production.
that in the four
white
The
If
to semi-cultivated
ucts
made
name
trees,
the
of agriculture
list
of valuable prod-
Mention may be
whose current
several
family,
'""""'
mamey
Barbados cherry,
of
Amer-
the Iroquois
are said to
Among
all
the Indians
many
meet the
ing harmless.
to
summer and
is
of
the
United
man
has
If
we remember
tion
staple, the
still
greater.
On the
TIIK war
thai
upon us
is
will
sooner or later compel us to conserve i" the last degree our eco-
waste
fcual
more
in
of
tori
ai
aotor
fixed,
shj
its
iread
though
lie
red
s
of
staff
li
Now
other food-.
maize
much
imper-
This grain
favorite staple
among
SOUtl
in
\-m
more
ica are
whom
ami
Certain dishes of
nists
in
culinary
A greater use is
them of maize flour in ontra
l,\
stove
and
The
stoves.
pumpkin
with
oiled
seeds.
This
al
color-.
ever,
kinds
different
of
it
Ik-
employed
thi
ion
the
to
maize, and
sprue!
is
top of
smoothed by an addrl
is
"paper bread" m;
same method is
totopoztli, which i-. how-
for
the
ico
elsewhere.
appreciated
ni ly
The "paper
In-
from
more
are
efEorts
worthy of imitation.
American
tin'
Amer-
their
western Europe.
their long
when each
feed.
ig
''i'"
own
carry his
In
in
other tribes,
againsl
baked on stone
have
raid-
man had
made
aboriginal
possibilities
i-
call
&
-.iine
in
al
"'the
and
hand.
paste, furnishes
tortillas
Roger William-
of bread in Mexii
"Indian corn
16 13 a-
in
nary tortilla
thin
tions
hominy,
At
a still
earlier
kali.
The
which
ordinarily applied
ion
is
i-
v.
..
it
This
i-
crisp
properly -peak-
IS,
made from
id chili peppers.
made
and
In
'
,
Pinolatl
to a
besl
know
fashions.
It
i-
dough
The tama
u dish
'
I
he M.
pinolt
Indians
until
fire
water
larched meal
meant
cake was
up cigar-fash-
mixture
originally
made
Narragansel word
of corn and Lean-:
little
This
tortilla rolled
is
ith a
name
alkali
i
i>
shells, etc.
it
o.
i-
eon-
ONLY HIEROGLYPHIC
NSCRIPTION FOUND AT TULOOM
Monumeut tliree feet wide, eight inches thick, found by Stephens in 1842. Both faces are sculphuman figures, the one shown above carrying the two-headed ceremonial bar, the most
common emblem of authority in Maya sculpture. The inscriptions on both surfaces are presented in
tured with
two
8
vertical panels
Ahau 13 Pax
190
of
and
Mnya
The Ruins
Tuloom, Yucatan
of
INDIAN HOSTILITY
TJ
E ruins of Tuloom
of
noi
interest,
ment,
on the
'
of the peninsula
eastern coasi
Perhaps
do
say
to
Maya
other
allurearchaeolthis
of
city
G-RIS
y L V A N V
lix
the
'.
same
time
been
thrice since
and
parties,
namely,
las!
in
isited
establishing
by
the
there
to be thai
in
the itinera]
.
Yucatan,
of
1518,
in
commander
the
'he
modern
firsl
that
is
I".'.
American
the
of
in
which, as
English an
by the
is!
<
idus
latherw
results of In-
world
I.
all
in-
hati
isited
together h
the
ith
lozumel.
<
wen
isil
highly
his
in
entertaining
fat
written
to
not
The
the
as
did
it." 2
Tuloom,
seems
Stephens
for
ill..
once
expedition
itself
hut
was
oral
only
year has an
the
Only
-
in
been
jpol
scientific
raised
The
at
known.
discover}
its
carried
been
less
wish
has
America,
<
Middle
more considerable or
appeared
have
better.
land,
oli L E Y
.M
American civilization.
which flourished during the firsl fifnative
greal
<>
atan, 3 w Inch
companion volume
which naively
pas
Yucatan," men-
and Yucatan
of more
mnn
coast,
yel remains.
.tin
thai
,
laSSil
"ii
tin-
Tuloom
lapse
l|e
coasi a
r.
f.-rr-<t
1,.
gether
with
of the
Catherwood's
drawings of the
prim
ipal
site, to
splendid
buildings.
on
noire*
origi
'
lil-tmrr
"land" or
'v.nrtli
of
or
the third
it-
city.
with the
person.
Tnluum
Vol
X.
11
It
,].
hi
dl
Ternau
L92
His description
it
is
and, as far as
close,
goes,
he saw, and
sion of what
it
was the
first to
monumenl
must be
He
little.
(Stele It
7,
to
Till
In 1848,
the so-called
visit,
"War
dians, goaded
of the Castes"
The Maya
Yucatan.
devastated
to desperation
In-
by three
centuries of
against
hacendados,
the
or
planters,
ft
it the planters
had succeeded
Maya
tied
in
many
around
dared
follow them.
not
pendence ever
since.
maintained
Santa
capital.
Bravo, was
siege.
garrison
territorial
the Peabody
the
site,
tile
The
expedition to
first scientific
visit
nals
on shore
a fire
at night,
and dur-
waved inland in
was supposed
to lie
his party
became
practically
in
mercy.
being
For
I'm
this
tli,>
the
past
safety,
without
seventy years,
also
is
Howe from
of
closed to investiga-
same reason
Dr.
de
state
Cruz
a
slaughtered
tile
the
stragglers
These hos-
at
due
federal
Mexican
to
purpose. 1
the
tion
by
Mex-
site,
cipal temple,
winter.
last
Columbian Expedition of
was deterred from visiting the
although Mr. William II. Holmes
Thi' Field
is'.t:,
as he
was
was
make
there, little
was accomplished
in fur-
and
doubtless
roi
Among
site.
Series. Vol.
ln;m
Museum.
I.
Publication
pp. 75-78,
figs.
8.
Anthropological
23 and 24.
hieroglyphic
This
'..
ciphered
Atari
Stephens
by
Temple
he
in
de-
"9.6.10.0.0
as
i::
Maya and
Christian chro-
nology corresponds
290
to
Unfortunately
a. p.
his
monumeni were
and
of his visit to
ts
Tuloom
published
re
sri
lean
gist
in
nthropolo-
.1
December,
Eor
L911.'
In
.Air.
remained
reason
this
for
verj
In- reading
.1.
Nusbaum
L.
paid a
to
was made
as
The journey
same way
Dr. Howe two
in the
of
thai
American
of
ool
Archaeology
its
results
sikii
which
in
party landed
writer's
zed
in
the heavy
surf whii
beach, and
hi
Eve
bul
of
all
ese
resulted
in
monu-
reported
rsl
and
Howe,
i
which
The Ruin3.,
>50.
of
Vi
bj
later
had
>
ruin
by
n
Tuloom.
Mil
locate
to
roglyphic
the
primary
months
later, after he
,t
until
many
had returned to
So
ed
States,
did
he
learn
that
Dr.
beach
the
to
north
monument
this
of
principal
the
especially
favorable
little-known
but
visiting
for
highly
this
interesting
visible for
attempt.
time in
rly
making
the
first
gov-
ernment had reached a friendly understanding with the Santa Cruz Indians;
the capital of Quintana
was written a
letter from
Honduras, states
tli.it
tlf Tuloom stele has probably been lost.
A
small sailing vessel from Cozumel, commissioned to
[>ring out the monument, has apparently gone down
in a great storm that swept the coast of Yucatan.
i
the foregoing
at
writer
was
sixteenth
Again, the
much
Belize,
at
the best
Above
rises the
Mr. Lothrop.
ninny miles
moment
of the bluff
mark,
the interior to
in
temple.'
The
Keli/.e.
British
ment
and
field
equip-
ing
five investigators
insure
fairly
study of the
site in a
the
latter
factor
in
height
not
spite
negotiations."
its
in
and
assistants, to
adequate preliminary
minimum
an
of the
of time
inconsiderable
recent
"peace
all
factors
at
com-
bined to
the
momen1
al...
in
with
tin'
nh
was
tons,
crew
;i
chartered
Iffii
S.
British
er of
I\.
G.
col-
a.
Iht usefulness,
Ea\
ates.
tugboat in
ing
outlived
<>r
nnderstood
in
the
pilot
"Thirty
coastwise
assured
Mar-
ago
The
ii
was
hen com
8he had
i:
good
laborators, Dr. T.
and two
;i
Her
board.
several
The breaki r r
hundred feet of the
use
in
ami these
ten,
"l'
wjid.'d
W.
attempt.
195
i"
the
writer
"hen
for'ards
she
plete
and
her
"\\
i..
trade.
that.
had
The
trip
scientific
demonstration that
redited
that
her
The
safety
n a\
to
opl imisl
truth
limp
her favor,
shi
1-
was
sfo
staff of the
Tuloom.
cumstano
Belize for
shipping
and with
n
THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL
I'iiiiunn.xi <>i lul, ,,,,,!, lovkin; ra.sttcird toward In .s-'".--T]u' city as it uii^M him' al'l'rured some live
hundred years ago, if viewed from an aeroplane. Such a view today, however, would show only the
unbroken top of the dense tropical forest in which the crumbling buildings now lie buried. The enclosure
comprises about twenty-two acres, wherein are scattered a score of temples. The chief sanctuary, at once
the religious and architectural center of the city, dominates the entire space, other buildings being grouped
I
to
accentuate further
The
its
importance
bluff
The
principal buildings
probably
the
The
wall
is
of varying thickness
The
the ground.
and
ami
stones,
and
is
generally level,
men
The average
The
walk abreast.
to
from ten
height
in
many
ing on the
walls
is
(north
and
It
The
sea.
fifteen
hundred
fifty
feet
feet
long
hundred
and west).
six
wide (east
and
is
two others
It
is
known
in all
Maya
cities.
is
to fifteen feet.
sages, the
it.
its
defense.
The two
each
is
a small altar.
What was
rise
its
to
much
function?
speculation.
Was
it
built
although
more nearly
ex-
plains
its
function.
197
Tuloom
l.aintings,
stlj
primarily
to
enclose
*sed natives
<lr.
>
appear
to
have
lintels,
li-ii
stucco
figures,
faces,
bei d
passage-
offsei
such as columns,
of Lnteresl
'Seville
Lothrop
b mpli
he
admirable defensive
old
lily
o impressed Padre
tinctly of a
dis-
is
late
Within
score or
walls
the
scattered
are
lily
dates
thi
M;i'
hidden
cunning.
laps
smaller,
The ground
in
the
bush
outside.
principal
the
mounts
so-called
three
"Castillo,"
is
<ni
levels,
top,
the
probably
the
sea.
"ii
bul
While the
latter
other greal
Maya
New
faced.
other
The Bank-
is
when
blocks
as
hard
the walls
plasto
doubtless
true
Empires, thai
is,
of
I
lid
of the south
two-room
chief
\.i>.
their ancieni
losi
The building
the
iproached
sancruaT
by
all
and
an elaborate construction
differed
building
sur-
towan
away from
s,
This
1200
from after
had
rises gently
temple,
.i
the
and
de-
hand,
were
slovenly
finish
faults
of
their
on either side
metrically arranged with reference to
.
and present
number
walls
of
Ilii
I e
"5
<
='
(-
co
-.
i -,
- ~
:-
"
I T
i
t,-^:
i 7
.
"=
"
-.
r
t
;.
:;
3. .=
.-
H
-
-i
~
=
"
1- ~r -
This near view of the Castillo shows the feather..] serpent columns, a late development of Maya art,
portraying the rattlesnake, and probably introduced from the Mexican plateau sometime after 1200 A. p.
The big block at the base is the head, the column itself is the plumed body, and the capital with its
upward extension, the rattles. This type of column reached its highest development at Chichenitza,
some sixty miles to the west of Tuloom
200
of
all
u nil the
and
201
interior.
larly
partially
leen
The
preserved.
the
are
depicted
subjects
of
periods
the city.
The
different
monument was
found where Dr.
hieroglyphic
of the -Maya
pantheon
Eowe had
acts
in
red
it >
found by Stephens
many
so
;!
in
unit
1
1
number
of
of
iii"'
the
date.
"9.6.10.0.0 s Aliau
Gann
l>r.
and photo-
11
graphed. Sisread-
fre-
occurs
inscription was
drat*
places
Yucatan
li
The
hand
I.e.
13
Pax," approxi-
mately
of
-."."I
\.n..
was rerifiedjthere
these
by developing an
though
exceedingly
ted
in the Uni-
was possible
it
undertake
t"
'.".hi
.in
employed
loom
osettes,and
medial
pent
the
the
cornices
and sometimes
or
doorways
Some
Ser-
They
of the principal
temples at Tuloom.
a .Inn
worshiped
figures
in
principal
principal
deities
"in
mi
in a
l
In
(tie
background
i-
the large
About half of
accompanying
is,
it
deities.
Maya
ically,
architectur-
ally,
stylistically,
and
historically
Tu-
considered,
at the place
exterior doorways.
_-.
difficult to
i-
loom
is
sand
years
thoulater
The
human
late
Tu-
city as
such
-n
explain. Geograph-
in
facade decoration.
rlorn
\.n.
obviously
Maya
was exten-
St ucro
sively
work.
The
rence of such
an early date as
little
com-
plex problem.
ime available
ndi
is
'
d, barring this
nothing
at
.n-
location, art,
one
Tuloom
probablj
after
L200
and archiit
New Em\.n.-
Tin-
color reprod
rpliah
red,
ha*
'
"
.'is.
In the
originals the black outlines and the more delicate
pale blue decorations are almost lost
solid darker color of the background.
v.
is
factorily explained.
site.
By specialization of work,
sible to
it
was pos-
figure,
and made
These
cowardly fellows, with but one excep-
and spent the days and nights in discussing the "Indian peril," which was
never acute. Dr. Gann and the writer
slept on shore four nights without any
untoward interruptions. Evidence of
recent Indian visits to the ruins, however, was not wanting meat-slings,
broken turtle-eggs, and candle-drippings being found in sev-
site.
Gann
spent
all his
leaving
gret
this
all
bade good-by to
romantic spot, so
re-
plete with
other
Our
time
transitory,
our
occupation,
fleeting
n<>ise
;
of
and
were
its
all-engulfing vegetation.
would weather
Huge waves
crashed over her bows, and
cient craft
storm.
the
"Temple 16" contains the best preserved wall paintings at TuThese are on tlie inner walls of the outer corridor of the
;ui.| in.it rn
the deities of the Ma\ a pantheon in acts of
Niches over the doorways are tilled with eprr.-rni ;m
m stucco of tie' human Htturc. This temple shows several different
Before a good photograph could be
periods of construction.
obtained, the roof of the first story had to be cleared of it* screen
looui.
first story,
sacrifice.
of riotous vegetation
all
tom.
She
lost her
copper
Belize,
Fortu-
'
-"J
;;
204
nately the sea
had
fallen sufficiently to
cut,
fires to
Maya
architecture
namel
and usually
On
and
Here are
We
Unto monuments
As Tuloom?
As a
halls
corridors,
there.
Must
we command,
Reassume
as
dumb
These stanzas are from the poem "Tuloom," by Erastus W. Ellsworth, 1855
The Eulachon
and
its
Kindred
ITS
ABUNDANCE
A DELICIOUS
DAVID
T.v
THE
tender,
kim
i.
fragrant,
digestible,
eulachon
the
T A R
finesl
Thaleichthys
in
is
belongs to
Ii
widely
differs
in
and
substance
smell
found on
habit
spei
ii
and
Atlantic,
nearesi n
its
it
apelin of
arctic
The
eulachon
much
has
smaller
Ii-
flesh
this
extremelj
besl
it-
at
is
of
full
unlike thai
oil,
of
and
delicate,
of digesl
The
olive
hon
eulai
color,
in
i-
Ii
<
'oasj
in
to
mouths
the
slem
midwinter,
on
of
males have
wart;
white,
bi
mouths
rivers
en
to
spawning
hi
edgings on the
velvety
Pacific.
to
the
thi
ousand be-
ichthys), and
February,
mth of the
the;
sell
a<
three to
For
when
at
is
makes
it
and
nick
at
the
in
the
said thai
i-
impulse.
eulachon
fish is better,
prices
I
Ii
Salang-
(Mallotus),
sex
firs!
the
it
Even then, no
its
mealy, and
soft,
ruling
the
reason,
this
worst
it-
the
in
fattest,
eulai
a
fall,
hon
is
ai
wick can be
The Indians
fish."
"candle-
Uaska
them with
of southern
roi ks,
till
oil,
huh
"il
hardened
greath appreciate.
ih.;\
has an odor of
its o\i a
[ndian
to
\\
huh
fish
n takes
able
and
has
name should
is
n rote
"eulachon," which
appreciate.
san
quite pronounce-
Greet
look,
be kept,
not
and
losi
in
this
the
The
in
sis
icefish
the capelin
after
perish
all
nd of the
'
specii
"
.i-
named by Sir
firsi
fish.
The
it
tween tide ma
river
in
common attribute
fishes in the
Bui the
making them
The eggs
deposited
Pacific
Bai
re;
the
in
at
time
touch.
dusky
inches
the
Monti
ish,
eighl
found
from Sitka
tering
spawn
is
aboul
protoplasm
cornstalk, is a
but
oil,
mackerel
the
verj
To
act is uncertain.
A X
I)
ket,
scales
spawning
rive the
a.
\\
di<
hethei
.1
mi ricana,
in
1836.
book nf William
dark
of
the
Lewis205
206
7,'
we
1805,
fish
fish I
my
among
hope
much
ex-
pardoned
shall he
stand-
the fishes.
The
The
very
{Mallotus
capelin
much
largeT
fish."
is
a little
mak-
This
to the touch.
a northern fish,
is
and
and the
the surf,
to the
It
it
Alaska.
summer
It
i>
of
spawns in
it
the beaches in
lines
The
little
of
the
rivers
of
(Osmerus eper
hums), and eastern America another
(Osmerus mordax). The North Pacific
pond
salmon
young
fall,
the
its
fish
It
spawn
albatrossis)
the open
in
slip dov,
in the
to the
streams of Korea.
None
die.
iio\t
it
is
so
remarkable as
the
it
has
delicate
summer
The
Frederic
Dr.
sea.
A.
Lucas has
were a
if
fossil.
Other fish of the smelt kind, Microstoma ami Nansenia, are found in the
deep seas of the Arctic, and still others,
called
Artji'ii
inn,
in
to the sea
summer
this be true,
of these
ther south.
tbo
the brooks.
turn
lives
sea.
teeth
suppose this to
runs
and oasts
We
Alaska (Hypomesus
spawns in brackish ponds
of
)
(Sa-
in the streams.
and
habits,
species
it
its lite
smelt
inghaghitsch
northward.
One
supplied.
better
is
made
be
largely
the
now
Japan
or whitebait
icefish
langichthys)
is
''smelt-
Zealand whitebait
This
<
villosus)
size,
in
New
.
canned as
of the Lakes
fish
transparent
little
the
is
(Betropinna)
ard of excellence
ling"
Another
find
memorandum, accompanied by
pen sketch of the
.Y.I/.
is
to
in the
salmon
they re-
spawn ami
an annual
fish,
race,
carrying
badge of
all
the
adipose
tin,
to
the
This
fin
is
probably a remnant of a
before
.hi.'
befon
if
was
stiffened
up with
fin-rays.
'
,,
,!.,,
IFr.im
[.
Fossil
Skeleton in tin
from
W.
Bv
AMOX'
pean
Cope
Collection
skeleton
pa
i^
tin'
lit'
It
M A T T
I).
Argentina
II
Pampean
minor
'!
"a* found
oj
in
all
Pam-
complete
nearrj
fossil
us.
an
"i
Pampean formation
tin
in the
memoirs and
remarkable
the published
Various
fauna.
scribed and
dei
but
of ft
all
collections.
<au
vard,
the varioui
rial,
pean fauna of PI
ground sloths, toxodonts
pamand in
I'l'imi
it.
photograph of
neither
the
in
'
'
brow
full-grown
'
tine
'
nor
buck,
and
have
he skull
'
the Exposition
Cn
of
had
1915 by Mr.
modern pampas
in
rather crudely
'
had
in
skeli
ann, using, as a
living
tin-
liki
apparently
but this
ai
been de-
iv<
figured,
Museum for
but many
-
probably uniq
ate parts
the
skull
been
left
unn
to recon-
missing
Care-
sloths,
with but
and
little
to
accu-
formations, and
toxodo
which no remains could be found although they were presumably present in the
toes, of
skeleton.
nent.
in
the South
American
conti-
mastodons,
tapirs,
northern Caruivora.
its
FOSSIL DEER
peratures even
coming
the tropii
in
due
-.
.(in
not only
It resulted
glacial period.
FROM ARGENTINA
to thi
The relationship
not
is
however, as
close,
s..
'leer.
a nol
Lncon
Vino.
era, the
into
fauna
great
in
in
a]
the invaders
it
colonists
ern
in
iih-
mamma] fauna
mon
iv
edentates (sloths,
mammals
nf the
rest
lived in
in
South America.
Among
Vet the
nants
i-
the
lie
ul'
Overlapping
their
the
"I'
ami
caribou,
species
to
World.
Old
progressive
wapiti,
relate. 1
losely
northern
as
and most
the
America
North
of
half
largest
tribe,
of
highlands
Central
I'm In
with
i,.s.
LSal
-nag: but
different
oi-.l
earliest
ets, little
already
Pampean
as large and
broi b
Pleisto-
mi aders of South
iginal
is
it
lent
the
thai
degenerate descendants of
invaders with complex antli
but
Plio-
the
are
t-
oi
diffii "it
"ration.
to
jner
see anj
Probably
bi
ould
some
in
fullj
'
America ami
spik<
bile
found
late
moderately
lers,
they were
The
iew.
jjgentine
formation
America the only deer are the brockfellows much smaller than the Vir-
ginia .leer
anl
those
South
upporl this
of (he
i'i"-o
1.'-
paleeontologi
tin-
i,,
.leer
Pleistocene)
ica
tropica]
lit
Bui
'vii,
ii, .1
fossil
Monte
i,c
cene
i1
from
tine.
not
is
penetrated
of
from most
Of their Old World relatives by the absence
of a brow tine. The place of the
is partly supplied l.y another tine known as
brow
We
count for.
i,
antlers
kets
belonging
is
An,,
forked
by the
brocket,
young animal of
horned stage.)
This distribution
ire
sj
..i'
name
(The
originally to a
lolombia
group
.leer
northern
the
In
rang.-
be listed
of these rumi-
'listril.utii.il
Virginia
of
all
The
.leer
clues,
but
must be admitti
it
hat
as
Par to "
inhabiting
ci
These
.le.-r
lack the
brow
tine,
but un-
the
-
pampas
'her
vided, and
the
th
hinder
fork
it
irginia deer
in
ip arose in North
from the Old Worhl;
has
it
is
to the derivation
\meriean deer an
.li-
little
thi
the
again
is
not been
bether
to be
found
in
Dr.
Frank M. Chapman's
re-
is
.lis
in
:.
'
'.
mountain
forked;
in
further complii
Ali
simply
or immigrate. 1
rtain
fact
deal
relate.
lolombia.
iphic
"i-
The
climatic
the
e
c,
unlit
bird
TITIAN
designates
American Museum. The descrij
little help from his brother Rembrandt"
this
FORGOTTEN NATURALIST
.1
the
Pliocene
late
extensive region.
ical
their
not
through
id
bringing
within
it
limate along
than
level
her
ature
in
igh
tl
as
of
lintli
lie
down near
limate
t..
sea
li
may
fa.tors.
Obviously
mammal fauna!
the
late
effect
its
Naturally
way along
their
find
to
HOW
many
Bamsay
naturalist
of
the high-
ture collecting
tem
would
him only
of
think
Peale
as
How
of
E R
('
A.
loss
Mastodon,"
one
of
the
first
complete skeletons to be n
elephant burying gro
i
of tin-
si
of our
specimens
of the Wilkes
Exploring
mem
Academy of Natural
company with Thomas Saj
.in'!
George Ord, visited the Sea Islands
and eastern Florida, which al thai timi
till
Spain.
In
after this
liatelj
naturalist
nt
to
expedition to the
known
to
the naturalists
K\p.ditinn to the
which extendi
and 12
in company with James
and lb
was at
I
."
i
Philadelphia
nd. in
well
sufficiently
Dana
the "\ im
'
was
'i.
known fauna,
Finally,
founders
in
of
Washington.
That Peale
.
mt
of
is
-..
and
work
as oi
Philosophical
the
so
1870, he figured
of
besides
lections
"Pi
igate,
when onf
to
D.
A S
ii-
ai
Museum acquired
smith Seas
Newburgh, whence
bach of
lies
they
our
of
in
<'
;<>
ancient
the
L D
Titian
many
solve:
to
ti
F R E
"Peale's
fairly
ii
By
younger
tin
the late
in
and research
provide the
will
Forgotten Naturalist
1)
of
A
us
Tertiary of northwestern
bly of Alaska.
they
historj
real
North
bed
reai
be the
this
if
be upon the
would enable
temperate
it
was
il
tempei
oJ
What would
birds.
the
the dispersal,
vel
Some
be left unsettled.
of
beginning
in
the
opical regions
ti
the trop-
already been replaced by OdocoUeus, working Us way down from the north a^ early
present,
zone of temperate
the
whole length, or
its
al
this oe-
at
ise
...
genial and
in
Coast
of
belt
cannol
Whether
cross.
21
which en-
Pleistocene
or
little
known
the
very
accomplished
thai
Society
the
of
considerable
bj
li-
him,
is
published
little.
of
and for
was not allowed to consult the collections he
had made, nor to use any of the large
number of colored plates prepared by him,
although later John Cassin was permitted
Of a projected work entitled
to do both.
Lepidoptera Americana, only a single part
was issued, in 1833; while his Lepidoptera
of North America was never completed.
This manuscript, with its accompanying
pressed,'
volumes of plates,
is
among
material
the
interest,
of
its
Dr.
librarian,
K.
W.
Tower.
An
excellent
portrait of Peale
is
one of
for plates in
the Lepidoptera of North America are admirably done, and in many cases portray the
various stages in the metamorphosis of the
insect.
hensive
habits
lected.
still
sadly neg-
is
flavor that
is
zoological papers
another
modern
common
too
mis-
little-known
of
necessarily
terms,
technical
it
is
is
scientific.
Those who look in encyclopedias for information in regard to Titian Ramsay Peale
will find little more than that he was the
fifth and youngest sou of Charles Willsou
Peale, a man a century in advance of his
Rembrandt Peale, another son, is
deemed worthy a place in encyclopedias, but
the records omit mention of other members
time.
of the Eamily.
Dr. Witmer
Academy of Si
of
Stone,
iences,
Philadelphia
the
undeserved oblivion,
and works,
found
in
the Bulletin
of
the Philosophical
XIV,
pp. 317-
326.
M useum Notes
Journal, the
following persons have become members of
Since the
the
Museum:
Philip
A.
Mosman,
J.
R.
Ogden,
ward W. Woolman.
Sir Ernest Shackleton was elected an
Honorary Fellow of the American Museum
of Natural History at the regular meeting
of the executive committee of the board of
trustees on
work
March
in geographical research
and in recogand
humanity.
MUSEUM NOTES
The
of
celebration
the
was
have
t>
Museum
of
of
of Sciences, which
has been gh
on
ip
The
plan
original
men
of
sci-
In
needed
the
American Mu-
the
at
if
one
that
.lay's
subject
the
M!aj
l.-i-t
for
parts of the
mm mt mis
id journey.
ting
museum
order to allow
in
dniini;
he
as
was
At
at urn
the
at
Care of
that subject
are
ntists
pi'
home, even
at
213
Federation of Arts
situation.
international
centennial
the
ol
the association, Mr. Paul M.
The American Museum of Natural
Rea.
II
istorj
-ii
to
i-
meeting.
during May.
Samuel
De.
vertebrate
Wiuuston,
\V.
palaeontology
professoi
of
University
the
ill
le
Natural
il
study particular
them
skeleton
th,-
Lower
the
back
i>.
Eocene
giant
the
Bashpord Dean
mi
business
made by
of
reconstruction
deliver lectures.
visits
from
making
Pabbri,
I,,, tl,
,,i
he depai
an Mu-
Mr.
Charles
mtenl
Museum,
phi
ol
hibiti
Nil
ii..:
spending
is
southern
coast
of
feu
:
I
the
Florida.
department
Tf war
of
parent,
whirl,,
ted
an
anthropo-
departmi
ning extensive work
logical
'
im
in
tl
er
potterj
extend
will
begun
Mr.
occurs;
his
at
in
and
proc
ill
lenl
iii,
tl
New
1916,
to
at
Mr.
north-
the
New York
City,
'
of
"
May
th,'
I,
l'1
to take
23, closely
!:,,_
out-
mi thod
Particular
apillarii
and
tet ies
Mr.
-.
crystals
by
slov,
Of
thl
place
in
ol
1.
circulation in
evaporation.
adjacent
the ai
Beries ol
iseums
the
from an eight-
in
Ear]
he excavations
iLZtec in
nature's
vessels
Off.
of
into
heart
the tissues
Columbia
Ml
isolated
side the bo
issue
mture
and a mini
growing in normal plasma. One
the circulation in the body of th
embryo, and again in the large vessels which
bring oxygen and nutrition from the yolk
it
was transrhythmic contrac-
rhythmically
archaeological
Zufii
Mon:-.
The
ssance,
on
film
that
its
i,|
plan-
is
south central
which glazed
by
the
,i
the
western
',
new
for
collections
in
Herm,
i'.
iolo
New
first.
with
collaboration
the de]
i,
.J.
bul
to
to
last
tl
in
this
rel
brought
Museum
p:
the
If-
ith
of the institution
Mr.
gion
Australia,
curtailed
lias
Japan, h
ii
seum.
the
to
war situation
the
among
bird
Wyoming,
of
tebrate
of
History
specimens,
1'osmI
De.
the
to
Thi
itesl
rational
value
in
followdetails
of
biological
edn
In, -ally
science.
to
.M
pub-
scientific
ogists'
AMONG
library
the
additions
notable
to
the
six
recent
of
fusely illustrated,
many
"colonial
and
"eminent foreign ornithologists," not to exceed twenty. Before his election as an honorarj
THE bay
Dr.
tnber,
of the twenty
in
ile
1
.
in the
or
and from
by
means of an aerial cable car, one has a
splendid view of the surrounding country.
All ships entering the harbor must sail
through the narrow passage in the center.
A number of forts, some of which are
hundred
feet,
its
top, reached
Mountains, one
South America.
of
the
oldest
ranges
in
Professor
Henry
Fairfield
.1
Monograph
Iconrs Ornithop-
of the P.apilionme
terorum:
of
Tribe
of Rio
ing, utensils,
Osborn,
New
Stokes,
York,
191ti,
a beautiful
and private
lic
collections.
The department
quired
fine
wampum
belt
from
the
Oka
reser-
vation in Canada.
to
Indians, and
the
is
Iroquois
and
Algonquin
It is in a state of preserva-
liz-
lolns,
frog
Harrington.
for
publication,
ards,
are
genus.
The
Grahamstown
collection
sup-
XOTES
.1//SA7M/
plements
exchange
similar
the
ft
In
t-
l;
The
one
including
objects,
-ill
valuable
of
series
,i
Qovi
as
scai ce
so
be
to
diflicull
to
the
patriotic songs.
Phi
ted.
isolated an.
been
cases,
rathoi
together so thai
sel
open space
thej
wall
in
the
in
Visitors
easily
bj
makes better
hall. The exhibits
themselves have been rearranged, and much
new material has been added, particularly
also
Tibet.
sides
in
from
now turning
search of new
The Jesup
over
illustrated
\;
members and
Museum
lecture
Museum
for
was given
large audience,
Natural
of
American
Wednesday
the
at
History,
of the American
M useum and
Imei
he
ian
of
remarkable
the
Multnomah
In
lountj
<
and embroideries,
d
Museum
nds
for
distance
in
highway
I]
highway,
This
1916.
of
lun
tl
wonder-
..
I
id
is
in
(ire-
in
the Centennial
by General
est."
Exhibition
1876.
..i
pose
"i
Bushnell
Goi thai
ge
1915, as "al
Vmerica
fo
Mr.
si
Lam
enic
inter-
great po
Mb.
there
I.
in
it
II.
E.
Anthony
lition
THE
department of
purchased from Mr. David
Unit
to illustrate the
the tenth
at
the
in
which
two miles
fortj
Kational
ai
Mr.
collection of building
one
ii
iety.
construction
i
tn
at
Ki
the Sibi
was exhibited
o!
ideas.
of
of
and
built
to the
helm
,,i
has
''.
ing
M icmac
imens of the
spei
exti
are
ably
in
to
ac<juisii
.!
in
Other recent
obtain.
ut
short
tn
his
ha
Cuba.
search
The
for
revolut
fossil
mammal
broke
when the
Anthony was
revo-
Fortunately,
collecting.
i'm-
lution
Mr.
out,
in
of
n-i
moving about
making the best of
from
prevented
ii
he was able, by
freely,
Cuban
of
rat,
Imts.
thered
II"'
bj
"operation of the
of
were
members of
made welcome
where
Daiquiri,
mines,
the
Also, the
at
one
quarters
Museum
will
collections,
probably
Mrs.
from
tablet
ancestor
as
personal
publication
the
of
and
Most
use-
and of a
to them.
to science.
of anthropology has
re-
Tod Helniuth an
The Chinese
from China.
a shelf in
since.
lished,
ever
to the
Win.
matter,
fossils
is
as are the
new
prow new
The department
ceived
largely
way
in this undertaking, which was begun by Dr. Dean twenty-five years ago,
and has been steadily carried on by him,
fishes
fur-
officials
the
treated in a bibliographical
the living
is
Museum
room, ami frequently put before them offerings of food and incense. These tablets are
regarded
them
is
possesses,
The
ing.
central
panel
of
the
tablet
"This
An
to
inclusive.
Vol. II,
now
preparing,
ber of which
is
forty thousand
the animal
estimated to be upwards of
titles.
New
The land
which
distribution.
American
will
stitution
No
other group of
so exhaustively
its
to the
graphical
distribution,
and
evolution,
as
the laboratory.
THB^
AMERICAN MUSEUM
JOURNAL
of Natural
History
BOARD OF TRUSTEES
President
Cleveland
II.
Second Vice-President
J. P. Morgan
Dodge
Treasurer
Henry
P.
Secretary
Davison
Adrian Iselin,
Jr.
administrative officers
scientific staff
Frederic A. Lucas, Sc.D.,
Dii
Vertebrate Palaeontology
Fairfield Osborn, LL.D., D.Sc
Eme
W. D. Matthew, Ph.D., Curator
Walter Granger, Assoc. Curator [Mammals]
Barn cm Brown, A.B., Assoc. Curator [Reptiles)
William K. Gregory, Ph.D., Assoc, in PaUeon-
'logy
Anthropology
Clark Wissler, Ph.D., Curator
Pliny E. Goddard, Ph.D., Curator Ethnology
Robert H. Lowie, Ph.D., Assoc. Curator
Herbert J. Spinden, Ph.D., Asst. Curator
Invertebrate Zoology
N. C.
Nelson, M.L.,
Asst. Curator
Henry
Social
in Textiles
Ornithology
Ph.D.. Curator
P.
PuMic Health
Charles-Edward
Thomas
Mammalogy and
in
Physiology
A.
Winslow,
M.S., M.A.,
Curator
Herpetology
:.
G.
Public Education
George H. Sherwood, A.M., Curator
G. Clyde Fisher, Ph.D., Assoc. Curator
Ann E. Thomas, Ph.B., Assistant
THE
AMERICAN MUSEUM
JOURNAL
DEVOTED TO NATURAL HISTORY, EXPLORATION. AND THE
DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC EDUCATION
THROUGH THE MUSEUM
April.
Volume
XVII,
1917
Number
AMERICAN MUSEUM OF
NATURAL HISTORY, NEW YORK CITY. TERMS:
ONE DOLLAR AND A HALF PER YEAR, TWENTY
CENTS PER COPY. ENTERED AS SECONDCLASS MATTER FEBRUARY 23, 1917, AT THE
POST OFFICE AT NEW YORK CITY, NEW
YORK, UNDER THE ACT OF AUGUST 24, 1912
INCLUSIVE, BY THE
April
in
Thrush
Frontispiece, Benni,
Mini
Young
220
tin-
X. C. Nelson
aboriginal inhabitants of
tin'
22]
Individuality,
Genius
in
of
Kentucky
Publishers. Louisville.
Temperament,
Animals
anil
235
from photographs
Illustrations
New
Tli<'
In
the Authors
John W.
II
irshbergeb
vegetation,
245
its
Museum
American
developt-d in
llln-trations
Plate in four
en].
us.
showing
textiles
in the
silks
through
Museum
fr
M. D. C.
tin'
n->
nmin.-
i.t
-dk- lea
bj
Ci; \\\
ford
253
n-u.-t.d by Mil
tie-
Manufacturers
courtesy of H. R. Mallinson
&
opposite
25
opposite
255
Co.
Presented
"f
The War
William
of
the
T.
Born
ldai
-.'til
\\
Garden
in
Emphasi- on
Tuns
Every Yard"
tie-
t.
,,f
it x
.,,
dination of forces
Fim.ia
II.
the y
Alii.-
'I'u
and
t..
feed
America
Smith A mi 'i-ica
George K.
Studj
fur Bird
linarj
Military
til.-
.Xlliblt
Iherrie
Roosei
and care
of
.-p.'.Kil
reference
Il,i-
NotCS.
The Journal
is
t,e
Now York
ell
C-E. A. Winslow
Bygiene ExhibH
Ition
to
Mll-rllln
<
Oherri
ri
Editor
MUSEUM Journal,
City.
members of
the
American Museum.
77th
261
is
swamp]
States,
m\ ears
...
It
is
depths of
tlte
forest thiit to
me
is
the finest
sound
in nature,
i:..i>,
t>)
ie
President Lincoln
photograph, page 2
Men
FIRST IMPRESSIONS OF
By N.
('.
EL SO
this
in
in
Museum
last
summer made
preliminary investigation of a series of caverns and rock shelters in the state of Kentucky.
ia locality was chosen deliberately as heini; well south of the limits of y lac iat inn ami
I
-|ir.-;~
i
:.t
man
although
such a possibility
The
could
be ignored.
It
who conducted
writer,
the
i-
tit
least
i.
ical
amply
THE
estigations.
ninths, have
into
their nun.
After barely
our
and
existence,
their
rude
form,
and
feeling
ai
progenitors
And
mankind, but
1 1
also
-\
are
in
we are learning
half
to look
dim
their
glimmering
as
surrounded them.
Ai thor.
in
lasl
'I'm
of
which
result
not
to the
future.
the viewpoint
[ike thi
e is
only
:.".".'
step.
some
many
secrets;
and
tion, for
who
up any profound
yielded
Many European
we
it'
archaeologists hold
we
as ancient
Ear
that
lie
can tell?
that
caverns
Hugo
Professor
instance.
Obermaier,
de Palontologie
The
little
there.
occasion
To one accustomed
today.
to the vast-
American prairies
the grandeur of the mountains
whom some
and
and
it is still
had
to enter,
virgin forest I
to
the
is
working for
something
Castillo
his
At another
to
necessary evi-
had no
try.
seems
It
topography.
made
to feel in
thing about
it.
me
let
His
forget mine.
letters
"Have
found
you
Palaeolithic
man
yet ?"
the
the
and
of Switzer-
the
secret
provincializing
lies
nature of the
Referring to Switzerland,
to
lakes
and
And
be sure.
to
evoked a response,
all that,
you cannot
so
with Kentucky:
as the saying
is,
The
state of
peculiar claims
no one
this
we
shall
seems a risky
few para-
have to be content
than delineations.
have
all
read of
merely watching some familiar mountain peak on the horizon, but here
do justice to this
graphs, and
path
as the
without
guide.
The novice
underworld.
if
wanting in Kentucky,
that scenic
contrary,
it
But
Kentucky
scenic,
will pretend to
may
chaeologic.
We
that
one
in
perhaps
unless
in
paradoxical
repressing
spirit of
thought
and
confining
charm
it
have to view
is
it
is
it
does not
not there.
mean
On
the
is
If
ample,
about
the
"pen
with
mansions,
pikes,
great
dairies,
grass
bine
Lexington,
its
it-
its fine
seems
bit
it
is
country
maBounding
River.
is
it
lies
another equally
was named
it
green
flows
in fact as well as in
on
and
calmly
sentingcliffsthatareworthy of compari-
and beyond
to
We
the wild-look-
come
the state, we
and
enticing
of the
in a southwesterly direc-
splendid
horses,
hundred miles
Hudson;
origin.
Its
bordering
cliffs
majestically
its
peculiar
may
be less
-iii,.
all*
.ing
ground.
to ceiling.
graded
is
id
l.y
because
at
that
se tin*
it
name, and
-ever,
erj
when
little
daylight entered
Museum
M
twiL-
up
one hall
;i
r.mi..ti, Cave.
Tl
belonging to :i relaf
Ohio Vallej
number
fet
The
box-like coffin
el
largei Blabs
wide by
tlir
ind
.,.,,;
just
a>
Dense
deep.
oak,
of
foliage
and
dogwood,
out,
screens
iiv.s.
other
deciduous
the
most pro-
but
all
to see
and
Is
\\
was
glance.
morning hours
early
the
these
Ma\
of
my own
especial
interest
me
took
to
hundred
feet
In a few instances
yards across.
may
sky
reflect the
ordi-
dry, and
there
may
The
he a
is
visible
may
cover
enon,
will
dis-
at
he
if
down
sit
to
all
soon
fall
into
definite
relations,
brief, the
whole
of the
Green River.
In the
he cannot
sional
eminences, sometimes of
ramidal
character
hundred
feet high.
known
as
of
which
n
and
amount
subjected since
sea.
tin'
knobs
these
to
interesi
many
often
first
occaa
py-
several
notice
to
fail
of erosion
country has
was
it
lifted out
Excellent as "lookouts,"
of
(special
archaeologist,
because
arc.
the
besides,
them arc also natural strongholds and as such were once occupied
of
Indian.
by the
and
teau
the
roofs;
dis-
to
swallow up an
water to he seen
he
ill
them.
is
some
oval,
perhaps
less
some
than
fifty
in
souk-'
depth
it
to the
low the water got started on its underground course we cannot stop to
I
explain; but
ably
it
millions
for
literally
of
out
eaten
years
several
and has
successive
of
process
refilling.
In the
no fewer than
five
superposed
sets
of
galleries,
one' so far
down
hack up into
Mammoth
feet
fun-
river.
feature.
bowl-shaped
many
Passing on.
will
as
cave
is
seldom any
known
Mammoth
cross.
actually
is
now
level
river
t<>
limestone
three-hundred-foot
it
every spring.
Cave
is
not
And
the
mere local
more than
to he
disposed
mense
for
caves.
the
development of im-
^2 -*'
Hutchiru
covering for the world
i-
wa-
the only
still
knov
aiiuo-t
famous cavern
tn 181]
a limit.
"Violet City" is reached at the end of a long walk throuich 'lark corridors and mysteriov,
When tlie guide throws his lighted brands into the dark corners, a thousand fairy heams are
reflected from the many colored stalactites which drop from the ceiling: to meet the up springing stalagOn one side of the chamber a veritable pipe organ is formed, called the "Chimes,"
mites of the floor.
Ctnirtrxii uf Jului I'. Morton J- Compono,
the stalactites giving forth musical sounds when struck.
chambers.
rill,
A distni, tl- new experience is the short ride on the Kcho River, deep down in the Mammoth Cave
We sang "My Old Kentucky Home" and "Way Down upon the Suwanee River" and were answered
hundreds of musical murmurs as the great resonance chamber above us reverberated the sounds agai
and again. Courtesy o) John P. Morton
Company, Louisville
I,
,<-
e
;
world
themselves.
issible t"
mere
Hi iv the
chemist,
tourist as well as th
the geologist,
palaeontol
the
ogist,
229
not
laugh
d such place
the
name-
Avenue,
itliii
even
at
relate
it
per-
poor joke.
guide's
as StaT
stories;
liamtier.
Hercules,
of
Pillars
is
each for
terial
Consequently
book.
is
great
it
one
in enter even
purposes
for
scription.
hands
We
have
c-ai
of
Many
de-
other
tried
it.
more
hundred
than
four
and
treatises,
magazine
articles have
Mammoth Cave
alone
soem-
"wordpickers"
as
Na-
thaniel Willis
Bayard
sibh
two
this
wondi
Vu
World
But
ii"
isitors to
of
the
are
im-
same phenomena.
For
usual
interest
un-
ii"
while
ie
e as a
century-
ling
accumulated
historic
and biographic facts,
itive insignificance
as
enter
the portal- of
humor and
of wit and
imaginative
of his
lips
of our
forcibly.
Many
fetched, but
tains
or
'
i- borne
Court ey
in
o/
upon us
John P
interpre-
tation,
place
"Vaughn's Dome
far-
explore
caves,
the
usual
Bunker
Statue,
Bush,
Dog
Martha
Hill.
Hole,
all
Pineapple
Scotchman's
Giant's
Lover's
Niche, are
Washington's
Room,
Snowball
Corkscrew,
Coffin,
Leap,
mure or
splanatory,
at
Pal
and
less
Trap,
Man's
Muromj
3VJ
least <>n
paper.
THE
230
Of
less
nificant
such
MUSEUM JOU11SAL
AMEI.'ICAX
features
as
Audubon
Avenue,
We
overland routes
spondingly
Hall,
lists
might
by navigable waterways.
came
be extended indefinitely.
no equivalent
Putnam's Cabinet,
Hover's Cathedral, Jenny Lind's ArmHall, and
chair, Ole Bull's Concerj
Rafinesque
in
mentioned two
have
Perhaps the
wanting;
but
corre-
the
bison
toric times
and open
saltlicks, springs,
man
white
and the
Indian
the
both
as
avenues
The
communication.
of
salt-
They
are
where
salt
places
and thousands of
ground,
animals,
tinct,
swampy
of
mi
ex-
coming here
to lick the
bones
and
secure for
left
Into
wonderland
this
how
in
He
or wherefrom.
lived
hilltops, he erected
and
the
villages,
soil,
mounds
he cultivated
turning
forest,
it
buffalo; and
time
be
then
seems
after a
to
have
of
Indian
relics in the
braiding as well as occasional ornamental tassels. Other interesting finds in the caves are half-burned torches made of bundles
of cane,
and parts
of
gourd
ressels.
Courtesy
oi
John
/'.
Morton
,r-
Corn-
something
of
mystery:
preceding
ing
the
the
American Revolution,
Kentucky was
the heart of
home
east,
The
this time.
all
living
force
in
herokee were
al
and south-
Mississippi.
are understood to
to
time-,
ground."
speak
traditions
for
as
territory
In other words,
the
of
and
"dark
the
bloody
was border
it
and
1812
in
The
tain.
to be
mentioned
tribes
have claimed
because
it.
believed they
the white
man
seem
to
history
is
all
if
no fewer than
five differ-
money
of
;k
in at
least
sums
scale.
This singular
ited
condition
fact
of
of
the
uninhab-
Kentucky,
together
mam
Gap-
Cumberland
the
peter
or
New
of
said
is
1797,
as
was
niter
on
here
large
the
that
it
won
However
Orleans
was
this cave.
l.\
this
may
lie,
and
being
in the
was
saltpeter
searched
lor.
discovery of
data
chambers.
Among
the
in
"mummies,"
subterranean
other
Mammoth
human
said, in
i-
it
These were
lave itself.
accompanied by
-n-
thin--
or desiccated
the
demand
in great
chaeological
eral
ions.
soon
as the land of
powder from
uncer-
-alt
being manufactured
whmn
is
in a
Kentucky
that
battle
originally belonged
came about
occur in the
to
it
became world-renowned
caverns.
at
way
very natural
met here
was known
fioor-earth of caves,
the
compound,
life
far-away
the
in
prime necessities of
>ne of the
231
and of woven
skin
feathered
fabric,
portance
for
n inning of
the
American Union.
the
herself
in
has
called
been
the
West
Kentucky
"the child of
b}
Lively
asins.
precipitated.
seem
to
who
tin
have begun
original
to
erally
t-
were not
Daniel
the
liieli
are
mountain
still
distri
first
to
they
concluded
that
some
represented
World stock
the outpost
discussion
sor
the caves
versity,
was not
tme
ask
really
was gen-
mummies
Boonesborough, which he
founded and commanded, was loi ated
on the Kentucky River directly above
It
the-.'
to
inhabitants
first
seriously
be found
were
discussions
i-
not
dead
extinct
vet.
subsided after
old
the
while and
But
late
Profes-
P.
a- a
tion,
isited
by the
diers
opened
Professor
it
again
Putnam went
young man
in
1870 75
to
Kentuckj
to serve a-
uaturalist
in the
foivihh
rreen
attracted
ma-
the
evidi
= Z s
visitation
world,
investigation
chaeological
caves;
the
work.
life
It
Ear
made him
verj
the contact,
birl
changed his
not
under-
this
to
in
Ear
seems,
it
probably
is
thai
to say,
ii
Whoever
wanders
depths
the
Mack
Green
River
into
the
of
former presence.
[ndian's
is
It
still
but
retreats,
where
were built
fires
commonly
is
nui
liked to explore,
did
The answer
Perhaps he
entirely clear.
yet
"Why
asked.
and the
in
question
ing
reature
of
permanently
in
places
darkness,
although he
them
i-
in
inlq
of
may have
times.
we
All
re-
kno\<
commonly bury
his
1"
dead
habits.
n found to have
treated i"
at
\"i
eyes.
uocturnal
lacking in practical
has never
lived
There
reason
For
fait
thi
flakes.
tion
Mammoth
tin-
left
ascertained
had quarried
in
flint
was
ii
Indian
the
that
positivelj
rejected
Cave,
of
time
it
led
IVoin
TllC
among
the
which
fragments
the
two
found
were
floor
Littered
specimens
showing
human
hands. This
came
why
was
Flint
yet
Eaci
explains without
it
the Indian
explore.
a- necessary to
to
him
man.
long period of
inside
directly
entrance,
the
The camp
found
refuse
had
there
am!
made up
was
bones, and
attained
of
The
chief
people
animal
ashes,
feature
these remains
to a
in places
feel
of
and
interest
seem
that they
is
who
much
more
historic time-
the
Indian's ex-
were,
underworld.
The Museum's
for
seemed merelj
immense quantities
rewn for a hundred
tli-
pro-
Kentucky's
that
at
joi
of this substance
quality
cellent
shell
about
to point
lived entirely b]
Irani
however,
is
ploration
of
chaeology."
odorless
233
Some
entrances
at
curious
finished.
Hint
and that
of
to several
least
We
it
all
in
part,
agriculturists.
investigation
hope
will
muiii
it
may
is
not yet
continue,
lead to a clearer
ley
''-
Temperament, and
in Animals
Individuality,
Genius
ROBERT
By
M.
EXPERIMENTAL
mal
YERKES
studies of ani-
pursued
behavior,
Eor
the
yield
frequently
and
interesting
by-products
as
important
observat ions
recorded
i" gel
and race
spei ies,
se
ences.
fail
habit,
or
instinct,
sense,
mary importance
bi
to the
preparing
publication
his
would
he
differ
commonly
is
results
gladly
is
thai
we are attempting
to
an
is
il
sources
of
ers
easy
task
The
naries, kittens, or
eral
weeks
in
'!"::-.
In-
<lillVr
pel
ca-
by sev-
I;
important
exisl
individual
manj
in
species
ol
>
attention
i"
problems of species
e
<
monopolized by
barai teristics
and
functions or reactive
capacity.
Even
in
individuality
invertebrates
spicuous with
familiarity.
observed
\iu..]rj
tial
en
in all e
same
ondil ion
Eait
modes of
prisingly different
individual.
obtain
to
such
eliminate
to
and
of error
thai
in
strii
know-
we have published,
that
Bui
sight.
critical
with
largely because of
respects
than
differences
nol
concerned with
less
quaintance that
viction
is
fo-
sible.
he
ralist
comparability
YERKES
W.
Eor
reporl
il
ADA
and
demands
of
il
another,
itself
situation,
smoothly,
ingly;
slowly
were
and
to
works
will-
haltingly
seemingly
amounts
to
pervi
::;<
And
stubbornness.
the
so
observer
particular
The
order.
conventional
tion
It
human
individuals of a
one
unfamiliar look
is
This we
alike.
marked individual
to notice
As our
differences.
increasingly
what
become
precisely
is
men
fellow
Now
obvious.
is
more true
still
We
types of organism.
of other
note at
first
perhaps
if
response
of
cholic, sanguine,
unduly simple
in the light of
our ob-
of
ways.
We may
upon
definitions,
Some
years ago
we undertook
com-
we continue
rat,
to live
and
to observe
day,
we come
many
Save
tative
as
we can
there
see,
is
no significant
dif-
We
means
Soon
came apparent that the inbred
monkey.
Intimacy
relation
of
with
wide
range
of
among
organic
types
has
served,
may
to
proved
it
be-
indi-
They
We
formation.
than
with another.
We
wish especially, in
our ob-
think of as the
sometimes
called
character, as these
primary
they
are
instincts;
same tendencies
or-
of
Among
individuals.
them,
ciability
the
were conspicuous.
inbred
fearful,
selves
rats
more
by biting
to try
new
seemed
likely
if
things,
to
In general,
more timid,
defend them-
more suspicious of
profitable
modes of response
These
intelligence,
that
or experience into a
it
is
and we
finally
concluded
mark
to
the one
that
more or the
the
is
less
extremely fearful
unusual,
increasingly
quently,
definite
through
When
in
individual in
its
and female,
It
experimental
the
cornered,
it
defends
indicate.]
i-
and markedly
of activity
way
apparatus
by
bit-
It- w ild-
by persistent efforts to
hide or to escape.
It
responds quickly
to
in a
diffi-
its
itself
band.
uess
it
experimenter.
intelligent.
S3
anything new or
id'
tin-
uliarly startling
stimuli
times cause
at
it
tremble.
to
timidity
to bite;
timidity, or wildness,
way
intelligible
i.-
activity.
indicated
cage or
and
example,
for
hand, random
running about
excited
ttempts to escape,
and various
oilier
with
re-
sq
form- of response.
with wildness or
tical
is
i-
fear, involves
osity.
tii
readily overcome by
is
quickly becomes
It
the experimenter,
touch
out
or take
it
it
attempting
up
to
curi-
it-
a<
bite,
without
.-lowly
and
is
to
mosl stimuli
Iation.
In a word, the two
temperamentally as different
two human beings one is likely
the
rats
are
as
any
to
observations as these,
t.
made
stituents.
differ markedly in
we have incidentally obtained abundant evidence of important
Borne
trait,
example,
ness
and Wildness
and
Rat.
in
Xenozo.
Journal
of
They wen-
for several
tlj
Journal
well
\\
charactei
thi
varying
Temperamental
-
Albino [{at
2: 111-129.
this
female.
The
to stud
Ideational
behavior of
purpose two yon
mals were chosen, the one a male, the
oilier
undertook
the
daily,
Verkee, Ada w.
Comparison of
Block and tnbred Albino rial
Dtaurikawa,
is
Robert
on,
mentally
We
which
individuals
oJ
tint
their
Differof the
degrees
not
the
in
peculiarities.
published
.in
on
of
temperamental
we have
behavioi
in
What
oiu
reatures
1
Nip and Turk being ed us a reward for faithful service
observed for several hour- each day throughout one summer.
>
and also less greedy, but both worked remarkably well on the
hunger, and their success justified the impression that the pig is
JtjJ
an experiment.
more
intelligent
mammals
certainly
gem
the
interesi
reader
printed
We
problem. 1
n.iin
the
of
we are about to
emphasize are
not
individ-
necessarily
noi
by-
certain.
\\
ai least,
cided
to
made
us
for thus
designate
feel
imens of
spei
mammalian
under domestication
life
the ease
in
ignores
or temperament
we
early de-
our subjei
oon
-.
Both,
their individuality.
runs
<
ons
anthropomorphic, but
appn
Aur
worked remarkably well toward the solution of ideational problems, and their
natural terminology.
We
ing to describe in an
intelligible
work
more
the
intelligeni
is
one
among mam-
our avoidance of
to
and
terms, would
jective
of reactions.
led
\mong
quickly
bei
ame accustomed
timidity,
wariness,
than
to
th.'
periment, hut
sistent
Both
followed.
tics
per-
and
to
dis-
and profitable
which
of varied
fields of
Pennwooded hills of
age, and individiscihating.
i<
idee;
tin-
differences
either
op
sex
our
we
may
bui
imens wen
as
We
aboui
sei
perimental
and again by
tiie
of the
once
at
difficult
to
feed.
to,-
ex-
few
charai teristic
id
birds by
Within
purposes.
Moltiple-Cl
5
he
any
tho
at
sometime- spontai
t.v
could
the time, so
observed
individual,
spi
We
fly.
at
study
characteris-
ri
onstanth acquit
tricks,
probably
of
resuli
com
the
sex,
diffi
'no
a-
us,
in
New Hampshire,
four
pi
i-
It- species
the
ual
alert,
we
statement
object
and on
in
waj
if
observations
ex-
Tuck
did
require
ioristic
interesting
Nip
while
which,
more
no
thl
if
petition,
eion
arc attempt-
unusual heha\
and
and un-
stilted
behavior
briefly,
mals.
Nip, the male, was less active
and energetic than his sister. Tuck. He
also was
ind showed rather
less initiative
id'
risk
misunderstanding or
wrongly evaluating his results.
lur de-
success in this
ex-
individuality
his subjects
in
we
The
perimenter who
a-
reactive
responses to an
in
its
.if
importance of temperamental
tendencies
for dis
play,
se
type
givi
grave
ices.
two
whose
That
ual,
our
"i
239
ral
(uit
reaction
of
its
became extremely
For
feu
2-10
and then as
may have
was no
been,
we decided
persistent,
less
to
devote
Thus,
three companions.
outset,
temperamental
at the very
peculiarities, per-
and
strong
persistenl
from our
of the individuals
Our
one
collection.
word,
in a
It is sim-
to felt kinship.
Not
we had
one,
we
shall
Jimmie.
It
Skirrl
call
the
would be easier
to
tell
We
amazed
other,
what
common than
The
cite in detail, as
a splen-
Their
us.
reactions
statement
simple
that
in
havior.
Skirrl's attitude
experimenter was
viduals
differed
ament, to devote
tensive
study
of
summer
to the in-
and individual
sex
aggressive,
he
never
could
in
interest
be
trusted.
which he
objects
late
gent birds. 1
in
that
members
prior to
of his species,
By
a competent
that Skirrl
And
it
human
observer
But our
box,
do
the
for
conspicuous
results
observer
more
them individuality
izes that in
than
not
the
justify
temperamental
is
conclusion
differences
are
more important in
monkeys, anthropoid apes, or man, than
We have come
in crows, pigs, or rats.
more obvious
or
of
is
structure
due chiefly to
and behavior
yawning
and
from
Whereas Skirrl
mie was
finally
so
his behavior
conditions,
The Behavior of the
Coburn. Cliarles A.
Crow. Corvus Americanus, Aud. Journal of Animal Behavior, 1914: 4: 185-201.
Coburn, Charles A., and Yerkes, Robert M. A
Study of the Behavior of the Crow, Corvvs Ameriby the Multiple-Choice Method.
canus, Aud.,
,/rol of Animal Behavior, 1915: S: 75-114.
repeatedly,
Skirrl
pounding
We
to do
At t!:. right, he i- -ho
Skirrl -it- piTi<iv-lj wailing for -<in,. .11.
ft
d
Skirrl wat studied
nparisoc witl Jimmie anot ei
early attempts at sawing.
Jimmi
ricioue and never to bt trusted, showi
key of the same Bpeci
ither monkeys, in his enemies, or food, whereat Skirrl was delighted with am
He used a saw in a- many way- a- mmlit a boy
be might put to some mechanical use.
imitate the experimenter and learn to use it in the conventional man
ork out his own methods. In the use of tools this monkey's behavior was so
individual thai it amounted to genius
_
his
,,
._.
ri
with hammer, nails, and a hoard and Boon In- -kill, without
in driving the nail into tl
more than equaled that of the unpracticed human being.
on the other hand, would throw the
hammer into one corner of hi- tage, scatter the nail- about, and h
board to pieces with his
an- a spur to a more
[duality among an:
profound
end that there
he formulated for the futn
1
242
cue.
this
with
He
board.
handling
in
driving
the
his
without tuition,
skill,
hammer and
into
latter
nails
and
in
board or
the
more
vidual or temperamental.
Never have
we observed anything comparable with
it in any untaught Primate other than
the human.
We have agreed to call
S kind's behavior an expression of genius,
the
for
feel that
human.
out
mer
of tools.
lit
Jimmie threw
ham-
the
to tear the
and pro-
From our
devices.
to react to
point of view, he
Feeble-
as far as
his teeth.
least
cerned, he
a genius in mechanical
is
or implements.
debted for a
When
given
structible
saw,
rendered inde-
new point
feel
in-
should
as
of
By sawing
own.
ring,
it
own
is
in
the
floor,
In- feet
he held
it,
Sitting on
teeth uppermost.
rubbed
it
nail
He
surprised
be
temperamental
genius
were
they
traits as well as
strikingly
similar
Our opportunities
not
forms
our
to
for intimate
friendly relations.
that
when we
knew him
in California, he
from
five
was probAl-
years old.
in print
many
well
as
other
It is clear
other
vior
aspects
of
civilization
of
to
the
l:,l,,i,,,,r
.V,,iiira,Ju,
1(116:
.?:
Serial
No.
12.
the
proffered
Ee
banana.
and
his
reached oui
it
off.
to
jusl
but
gi
he
as
evidently
Julius,
resentful,
and
pointed
reflect
hurried over
I,
unkindly drew
walk
A workman
cage.
cage stopped
the
him
turned, and bj
somersaults
series of
same
Later, the
rved
When,
tions.
situa-
1 1 1
<
beha\ ior
sori of
quite different
in
an
solve
to
to
work-
head
his
the
to
obtain the
with
floor
few somersaults.
In
similar
afterward
work, sometimes
fair
he
ith en-
show of cheerfulness.
of
response
recall
an instance
which
in
a little
problem bumped
his
earefull
gains!
len
way
then remarked, by
of explanation, thai
he wished to
stir
sly,
sei
good-natured
kindly,
When
threatened
or actually punished,
the
ill.
like
years thai
with
punishmenl
and when
young
he caused
his
we may
oul of
sour
fluences
character.
,-an
ihe\
peramental characteristics.
Surely we shall do well to observe
diligently
ing carefully
nol
new
Man]
stop to describe,
sub-
For
r.
in
these aspi
and
to
life
to con! rol
knowledge of
of individuality
ts
develop
to elaborate
our efforts
is
of fun-
human
.!-
to-
ill
We
science of
the
individual
the
to
sciences
of those "Inch,
psychology, and
i>eha\ ior.
become
as
logical sciences,
cially
carefully
of
i-
upon temperamental
the obs
The one
other
and resentful.
As thes child.]
velnp. their temperamental traits may
orang-utan he-
uncomfortably sympathetic.
oi
pily
the other
the
cold,
The one
and unreliable.
retive,
future
up.
feel
be
to
naturally hones!
frank,
is
sorts or
tend-
ther
in
We
of age.
pathetic;
variel ies
to
a
observed
of the
modes
would go
may
or
relievi
ergy and
It
343
and develop means of studyand measuring the various constituents of temperament, and
the factors which enter into character.
We should study the constitution and
is,
it
that in the
disap-
of
surprising
be molded
desired
bring
llnu
1'Im
of
civilization.
like
ph
attempl
to
teeming phenomena
of
romise
to
sociology,
supreme
importance
to
A CEDAR
The cedar swamp forms a picturesque part of the vegetation of South Jersey. The trees {Ohamoeeyparis thijoidea) are evergreen and their dense growth forms a shelter, cool in summer and warm in
winter, for many wild birds and animals.
Growing in the sphagnum moss beneath the cedars are shadeloving plants, such as the sumac, red maple, pepper bush, bayberry, blueberry, the cinnamon fern, and
leticate stai flower
244
Photograph taken
in
late
June)
alluvial river bottoms to the more barren pine lands, a new industry sprang
Sawmills, driven by water power, were in operation as early as 1700
into
The New
JOB
By
X W.
II
R S
II
1'.
< E R
I.'
Editorial Note.
least, of
It
jy
The
I'm.'
Barrens h.i-,
where rare wild flowers
.
a place
>
miL'ht he
found
3c
.it
01
interested botanists
and
today
tin
r.
'lit'
axe.
:.
i.
packing
into the parts
still
bj
citj
In the
florists
untouched; while
of
meantime auton
rai
Is
Cannol Bee
WIM'A
Bey
an.]
..I
as
Barrens" was
and
before
made
in
roads
and
the primeval
the
notabl]
"Pine
settled,
iir-i
clearing
The
illustrations are
forest,
the pio-
from photographs by
cultivation
that in a ease
along the
>ela
;i-
riih
the
Mini
available
bad
been
and farther
,,f
thai pari of N
known
farther
land
along the
patented,
the
ed in utilize
i;
After
productive.
Troth and
.1.
tin-
all
banks
river
early
settlers
wildei
W. Harshberger
246
many
productive, and in
less
poor,
cases
began
settlers
the
to
look
The
United
the
in
States.
There
are
types
several
barren
vegetation:
proper,
the
the
swamp
cedar
of
pine
pine
forest
vegetation,
bogs,
is
tree
New
In
indus-
the local
in
tries.
the
permanent
id'
ment.
The
settle-
in
first
pitch pine
is
New
and with
it is
yellow pine.
Jersey,
diameter
fire
The un-
several species of
sassa-
fras,
berries,
tall
Where
fifty feet.
The
sills
about
is
has
The
plants
were
forest
teams
and
simple.
(he sawmill.
flat,
no insuperable
difficulties
resin,
forest
used
as
Fat pine
tree.
substitute
into
of the
for
days by
in the early
the knots
thin splints.
swamps
Xew
many
of
the houses
Jersey in the
last
cen-
portant
New
this
ropean
vegetation
is
heightened in a
industry
arose
in
southern
which
with
forests
"pigmy"
dwarf
of
pitch
"elfin,"
or
with
laurel,
yielded
a fine
tury.
largest part
were
in
and blueber-
with
built
As
tar,
splitting
pyxie.
Also turpentine,
snow.
the
were
ries,
of
lumbering was
the
if
level
woods, especially
a laru'c
,' The
history of the New Jersey pine barren
region begins with the formation of the marginal
plain known as the "pre-Pensauken peneplain.'
With
covered with a fairly uniform vegetation.
the beginning of the Pleistocene, part of the Atlantic
coastal plain was depressed, but an island,
representing the Beacon Hill formation, remained
covered by the remnant of the ancient coastal plain
Pcnsaiiken Island was separated from
vegetation.
the mainland by Pensauken Sound, and when the
land emerged again, the pine barren vegetation
occupied an area coincident with the outline of
Pensauken Island, retaining these boundaries up
to the present, as a new vegetation surrounded
German
i
This
corresponds
impervious
penetrate this
layer
reach a certain
of
The
soil.
arc
stronglj
In the
trees
size,
ment,
pan
is
Jersey, the
cedar grove
Secondly,
plant
est,
such
flowers,
wood anemones,
deciduous
flower
forests
pines
swamp
before
the
In the
Pine
in
hold
summer
is
for-
pine
dur-
off
it
Thirdly,
cedar
warmer than
i-
the
which
through
foresl
period-
of
the
many
the
in
winter
in
adjoining
color of the
enlivened
is
may
violets,
so that
still,
water as
swamp
cellar
moss, or sphagnum,
spring
familiar
the
as
calm and
is
all
the state.'
in
movements
The wind may
broom
firsi
New
Eacts
Three
cedar swamp.
the
Occasionally,
aboul
shade-
i-
through
noteworthy
so
dense
si
closel]
are unahle to
grow
thyoides)
found in
Ortstein
the
to
2-49
birds and
wild animals.
Asso-
of
Autumn, however,
of color- -as
sometimes
is
was
it
last
azalea,
pari
of the vegetation
and also
and
high-bush
found along
tree-..
(Ckama
trees
swamps on
ts,
A stud;
the white cedar n
of interest.
nat.-d
l.y
"
Apple
Brook
and
names
Pie
Mill.
Bread
and
hav.-
and
are
cedar
the
h.
shade
of
the
cedar
tic-,
bave
Sh:i
One
ery,
which
white
succeeded
sprung
to
maturity
..
bed
omi>
i.
slow-moving streams
those whii
[ndian
Manumnskin
some
grass
evergreen
Ci
fanahawkin,
In
blueberries.
pre
ot the
ti'''''-
pepper bush,
the
swamp
laurel,
gum,
feature,
evervv
is
in
sour
leatherleaf, sweel
cedar groves
oi
noticeable
growing
magnolia,
rioi
October.
:,
undisturbed
valley
tl
inch as Chatsworth
Chesilhursl
1-
with
Man\ tune-.
swamp
has
i
the
swampj
white water
bei
stream
Open
areas an
lilies,
-olden clubs,
Where
the salt
marsh
at
Souu-rs
Point
fronted
by
heart
inahs,
was made
grasses
late
ot
w,i
the
Pine Barrens, on the south hank of the Wading River, are the typical New
The photograph
dotteil with groups of pine and of white cedar trees.
the tall umbrella like Bowers of the pitcher plant rising above the swamp
massy lands
and bladderworts.
region,
terraced,
the
a
a
'In
few
herbs
characteristic
cover
these
Mi
lit
pitch
of scattered
white cedar
trees.
b]
pine or
Eo
These are
presenting
in
and
the
those of
alon
as
to
found
ire
pine
the edges
al
The grow
peculiai
between the
alter-
and the
terrace.
autumn.
At
last
firsl
killing
Erosl
killing Erosl
Vineland,
according
of
to
251
records
the
of
May
is
13.
killing frost in
we take
of growth
is
days, in length.
the
is
The culmination
season
flowering
plants
2.
in August,
centage of plants
is
of
of
pine barren
when a
larger per-
in bloom than at
An
it.
No more
inviting region in
primeval conditions
its
of population, such as
Philadelphia.
The
region,
having a
New
growth.
The
rainfall
is
when no
rain
falls,
and
which control
ficient.
is
otherwise,
for
benefit
from
sufficient dur-
almost
lies so accessible to
during the
critical
1
The soils of the pirn- l.anvn r. 1:1011 are sandy
with a gravelly subsoil, and the rate of percolation
of water through the layers of soil from different
localities shows that water passes through beach or
dune sand more quickly than through pine barren
sand, and through pine barren sands more rapidly
than through soils covered with a deciduous forest.
Experiments on the water-holding capacity of these
types of soils show that dune sand retains 33 per
cent of water which falls as rain, the pine barren
soils 45 per cent, and the deciduous forest soils 56
per cent.
These matters are considered at some
length in The Vegetation of the New Jersey Pine
Barrens, by John W. Harshberger, published by
Christopher Sower Company, Philadelphia, 1916.
Creative Textile Art and the
American Museum
K A W PORD
C.
By
1
.M.
('
I).
T
A
BE
silk
Ninety-seven
worn
silks
woven
industry
bj
America
in
,000 yearly
amounts to $500,1
of
cent
per
women
American
in
ttf
imports
and
Europe core
of
to
within
so
.-ill
the
business
are
oJ
grown
runs close
almost
We
origin.
most even
looked to
foreign
il
Europi
buy
fc
The
men
tex-
in this
unjust to the
of original ideas,
who
America
yet
qualification
to
and
South
Sea
r.
has
;i t
may
use
ollections.
are
that
decorative
of
of
to
reit
design
different
in
the
Museum.
wealth
the
I'.ut
art
American
schemes.
In
following
many weeks
Museum for
New York
garment business.
aboriginal
of
the
The
seems
change, and
the
American design
We
value.
shall
will be of
permanent
turn to
again and
The number
it
in the
Philippine, and
constant
be
well
inspirational
made extensive
the
).
manufacturers
to
ap-
America)
cotton
e of the tardj
wonderful material
Fashion
interest.
is
year
am
Island,
quire almost
at
ii"
Koryak,
Chinese,
the
be
accurate.
j
Amer-
great
for
induce people to
is
it
is
to
it.
While
it
men came
this
order
tile arl
silk
to the
tiful ideas in
turning
is
But the
is a
wail
in
yearly
mark
is
since silk
I-,
in
sity
always
Nor
first.
5&
Museum
tic inspiration.
New York
to
imerii an
The volume
ready-to-wear garments
in
leaves Greater
that
enormous proportions.
to its presenl
hundred
is
bined.
than
of business
and
are
also be
silk
Co.
the
may
It
&
ords are so
timately,
unquestionably
-t>
that they n
ill
distinctive
decorative
lend a
irile
serve as
nun.
and
will
basi
arts,
character to
in-
<>uv
all
our future
creative work.
Mr Crawford Amebicas
Peruvian and other orisrin.nl
Museum
*our<'<~. of
which
everyday objects
art.
It
and
school,
it
Their art
tiles are
is
it
tume
and
cos-
It will therefore be
expression.
That other
follow
will
To
tumes,
is
and
to
a natural corollary.
tumes cannot
tic
fail to
see
cos-
and
almost limitless.
fect
it
ef-
goes
evident
to
that
the
aesthetic
possibilities of beautiful
tex-
the
This design
collections in the
The sample
thoughtful
i-ll
won second
American Museu
of silk incorporating
the recent
the
design contest,
design ever
first textile
was
made
mffimmmm
^A
mmms^^mmm*
li.
m^ftired by various
collectio,
Missis
,,.,r.
.l
.,
the
,,
American Museum.
fafcMsn.
Qmrfin
The \mur R,
Co.
munitions
eases.
<
Ii
essential to the
is
tistic,
velopment,
as of
[f
we
ists
Bringing
the
industry,
artist,
Cowdin
Johnson,
tli.it
ness
and Mr.
Emil
together.
\isit
255
had made
among
vided
which were
of
details
actual
the
di-
personal
lecture courses,
men
mitted
Er
design
This
material
design
10
how
learned
work.-
their
developed
and through
use
to
museum
During
months, Saturday
the
who
ol
this
iii
ruction
insi
group
of an ever-increasing
not
it
in
aftei
ers,
inspira-
Eor
contesl
have since b
condui ted b]
all
museum
have
tion.
ontesl
r), in
ll
to
Museum,
industry to the
the
in
and by
in-
pired
'
the
The
man
firsl
to
visit
th<
he
In.
M'
Dg
I-
i:
linson &
<
campaign,
Peruvian
some
II.
\i
o,
Mr.
!u-try
R.
II
was
Mal-
him
to
see whethi
in
visit
ordi
an immediate con-
were
inspired
by
the
research
Mr
the
-
movement
Piece
industry
li-t
of
n.iw-
ribbons
in
the
is
ii
shown
the
in
Museum and
it
American woman
portray
in
his skill as
designer.
could be devel-
iiil'ul
a
In this
Albert
as
things he saw.
1
thesi
Mr. Jai ob
M r. Speefc
to
documents he saw into mod-
ern designs.
eonstanl
idi
loom
converi the
such
tie
idi
ric
concerning
Sanson
He was
the Pcruvi
Mothers
the beginnin
collection
beautiful.
b}
American Museui
ing
otj
hem w
i
to
arts
i-
kept open to
scarcely
less
onstanl
isitorto the
to
person
the
recreation.
John Wanamaker's
recently had a very
store
inter-
"Mayan
esting exhibit of
which
were
Museum.
rics
were exhibited
other
eral
from
taken
the
even as
cities,
gun.
It
would be impossible,
within
reasonable
space
show a tithe of
the designs which have
been created from this inlimits, to
Indeed,
spiration.
are
coming out
is
it
they
so fast that
impossible
even
under
seum,
to
The
Mu-
spreading this
tire
art so rapidly
industry that
among the
many peo-
by
Museum
tives
of
representa-
tlie
cotton
garment concerns
and
also are
ii
in
As
material.
before stated,
Mr. Nishimura was a prize wii
utist.
Samples of silk bearing this design
re furnished b.v Belding Brothers
n shows
graceful motive suggested
'leury, by the Museum's Amur River
irt,
beginning
to visit the
seum with
serious
Mu-
inten-
collections has
"I'
Mr.
<>.
(i.
very
much
influenced
by the material be
in
litis
Fisher,
litis
been
his designing
seen here.
The
<
&
from
Co.. tire
In-
material.
It
would he
tedi-
this dtite.
Co., A. Beller
among
the eostumers
who have
put-of-to^
to
I"'
the habit of
retailers to include a
11
American Museum
to the
their
grown
has
Ii
New York
as a
isil
part of
In this way
activities.
It
Thus
351
Peru\ tan
it
value.
is
be
II
oes on.
retail
store
in
three de
displayed
in
much strengthened
Columbus,
u !<
:itl
silk*
Ohio,
t:ik.-n
as
large
re-
have
.In.
\m.-r
le
from
i,
al
the
i.
:n
left
358
commercial
certain
to
which
advantages
great
vious.
accrue
concerns,
enterprising
for
large of
it
be music, so
and
vivified
may
To make life
make beauti-
by an art which we
more gracious; to
more charming;
to
We
are
a nation composed
strains of blood,
drawn
sources,
traditions
and the
of
many
from
innumerable
political unity
which
Of the designs
Amur
River collections.
is
the
American
have been incor-
collections of the
All three
and pottery motives from the Southwest inspired the two upperAmerican Museum's collections. The third design was suggested by
a mes-
meaning
and this is
me phase of the educational work that
the American Museum is doing.
This
The two upper designs at the left were taken from Aztec shields in the
Museum. The third is Mexican, the design signifying "sand and water."
porated in silks manufactured by the Joseph Berlinger Company
the
which carry
Levinson ami
manufacturers
art.
the work.
in every
This
the true
is
This movemen!
is
is
it
is
new
iii.ii
And
ideas has
resentatives of
is
human
interesl
an
bei
number
increasing
of
thai
ause
ol
young
Ls
much
too
no!
developing
fine
they arc
say that
11-
have
they
ception
to
re-
and
received
the
of the
etl'orts
of a
of men.
able undertaking.
perhaps of
resull
ive
It
significance of
the
259
tin'
who have
industry
unsparingly
lec-
in
must
it
many
be borne in
also
other
men
mind
that
movement
i,
an
to
give
ripe,
tended
to
them.
earnesi
group
original
material,
The
sources
i-
habits
To have taught so
make use of the
of design m Museum
to
itself
thus
.-m
ai
acquired,
individual successes,
ill
\;iliie
immi
usi
t"
t.
artfol-
bird
tions
are
Amur
firsl
the
in
and conventi
design
Hi
brought out
ol
will he so
the Peruvian,
are
leading
Museum
|,,
hievement.
encourage
ic,
collections
i
ompany
of
the
of
conventionalized
Museum.
Lire]*
and
BILL
W. A. Ireland, were published in the Columbus Dispatch during the fight for the proand proved largely instrumental in rousing the state legislature to action. The Ohio
quail bill saved this "game bird" by placing it on the "song bird" list
a classification none will question
who lias pleasant memories of the quail's musical "bobwhite" notes, and especially who knows its scatter song heard from the woods in the fall
six other cartoons,
by
The War
New York
OX
account
A M
many and
extends,
many changes
occurred
that
new
field
bird's-eye
both de-
is
wild
two great
have
life
been
They -land
halfway prott
sin^inj;
fortunately
demand
of extermir,
anscs.
of the West, outside the
sanctuaries, has
n going out at a
frightful rate: and to this rule there are
only a limited number of local
i
and
scale,
,
t,,
much
in
state-wide
quail
made
eleven
fall
1915 when
of
states,
parent.
the
ritei
game
alarming
birds of
vast
that
the w
western
lose
t,,
fine
spei ies
oblivion.
at
tremendously
shooting; and
in
rapid
several
rate,
by over-
states female
Some
at
of Texas
magnificent
sage
grouse began
August 15, with chicks hardly able to
fly, and the bag "1111111-" were a ghastly
in-
birds while
palling.
the
attention bas
gaum
the
supervene.
troduction of foreign
ants
bitterly fought
the
Local extii
"ear fat,
been
vain
in
game
insec-
l.iu.i.
in
state
long
tin'
spi
not one
as follows:
shot.
In the
our
of
are
lies
and interesting.
During the
]n dangi
new measures.
Until
with a
sirable
A V
I)
gers with
have
X A
Permanent Wild
HO
T.
Zoiilogk
the
of
for
W ILL!
By
in
national
forests
was
261
2G-?
Congress,
in
Two and
December, 1915.
in
one half
$3,255
money
in
lias
We
of Congress.
to this dale it
in either house
bill,
bill,
whenever
can be brought to a
vote.
When
it
big-game sanctuaries
ture
and
signed,
In
and again
when
men"
On
it.
two
of Missouri
and adjacent
to
kill
$50,000
for
its
terri-
Federal
the
off
The
still
stands like
Rock
of Gibraltar for
and
migratory
id'
game
birds.
all
Arkansas,
for
new
game laws
began to
nineteen
hammer
state
at
the doors of
legislatures
that
con-
through
their
sixty-day
sessions,
We
and
spent six
were as follows,
space
by
15.0DO
pieces
of
hut
limitations
name
in
seven of the
who
winnings
real
is
prevent
mentioning
it
seven states
men
in
the
Idaho
in
Montana
mountain
Tin'
protection
of
sheep and goats was extended tn 1922.
The bag limit on deer was reduced from
two to one, and the hunting season was
All upland
shortened to two weeks.
game birds throughout the state are
protected, except for an open season of
two weeks. Killing elk merely for their
teeth or heads is made a felony!
"literature."
Mountain sheep,
and
that
We
Nevada
ing
the
enforcement.
fifty-four
and
1916,
in
annual
for-
undertook
tory
national
grazing or agricul-
greal contests
gress,
in
fifty
its
1915,
it
en-
went
nineteen
the
in
bill,
5 (8,000 copies)
legislator
and
Up
campaign expenses.
every
states, to
Chamberlain-Hayden
to that
I'M)
New
The state
excellently
pathy
is
game and
fish department is
managed, and public sym-
now
fully mobilized.
Arizona
THE
MM/.'
FOR AMERICA'
Iowa
The
Cowa
legislature
ji
grouse through-
put
greai victory
it
in
little
to
its
start
it.
do with
it,
not
promulgating
from
Ohio, bul
belongs to our
did
widespread
gameless and
<
by
es of
by cart
list
published
at
nated
in
of
America.
all
the
Text
game
as
if
W. A.
the
Two
a cyclone,
times
righl
Dispatch,
up and rote
hio "sports-
thai
for quail
of the states
mummies
protection
anj region
Wyoming and
Wyoming made
I'nion in
HM5. and
life,
no
and Texas,
Btul
ih.
Mountain
1
sit
which
in
the
in
really
it
tlie
extinction to
class
Columbus
was won
We
the
legis-
proposition to
the
"in
quail
all
.';::
Ohio
< id
D LIFE
mem
roused the
two
enacted
1 1.
ih
to pa a
tp
;nv
-.1
nearlj
bring
giving
law
her pitiful
and
sheep
good
made
November
her
at
Oregon.
tion.
protection to
Arizona
antelope.
year
lasl
long
remnants of mountain
last
California,
elec-
active anion-
fatally
i-
it
New
roos
.'C,5
and
York
and
in hunting
must do the same
automobile
states
Colorado,
aversion
Public
to
came near
Minnesota
mand
reform.
to effecting a
de-
Dakota
other
all
of
killing
the
kanga
the
North
form
"buck
in
Quail
now
are
protected ID
all
sportsmen of the
slaughter in
The
more aroused
with
enthusiasm
game
that once
state.
<
lolorado
results of
is
game
so
back
the
abundant in that
The
which have
number
total
The
an enabling
ever,
carry
its
^.'iio.ooo
meet
to
ment
its
game
big
is
fearfully
it
has been
.if
treaty
kill
game
game
is
away
swept
being
i-
dead,
at
destruction,
ami
work
to
i-
It
the
game
surely
slay."
among
factor in
doing
its
deadly
game
upland
birds
continent.
tell
i;
In
India
the big
in
game
Australia
I),
about
for
and ask
bill w,i- re
Senate on April
Smith,
of
forty-eight states
of
it.
drive
took
hardest
light ing,
the
place
in
protection
Iowa
seven institutions,
goodlj
of
wild
the
over
it
time
to say so,
new-
ti
The
a- a
Is
it
tor
frightful rate.
The automobile,
the
If the people
the
enforced,
for the
savage determination to
in
with
the
it
in
Congress, was
stopped.
States.
introduced
so
hunting of
as
eviscerated
which
to
to
well
as
of enforce
United
the
bill,
completely
almost
committees
Congress
effect,
last
bison, DO
all
of
lied
how
link-,
the cost
throughout
The
is
bird
tan
full}
It
act
terms into
The Hitchcock
scarce thai
1916.
ti.
hunter
birds!
law
migratory
Canada was
treaty with
on December
Out of
bird
the federal
bj
international
-peci,-.
Wyoming
save
migrator,
of
1,022.
states
all
species protected
bubbling over
is
bring
to
was
is
New Mexico
South.
of Pittsburgh
lies east
East that
far
is
state.
life,
quail.
representing
dozen low
editor-,
thi
THE AMh'HK'AX MCSKCM J0UI1NAL
"sportsmen" following,
his
ous finish.
The
final
light
victory
the
for
to a gloriin the
and ended
quail,
Senin
thirty-four
to
and regardless
alive,
of
prospect
the
fourteen. 1
themselves
Heretofore
tire
into
all
the
members
men,"
chiefly
because
the
line
of
name
necessarily
by.
fice
the
new
The
gone
or a qualifying adjective.
The
hands
sportsmen
true
with
have
mass
great
the
incumbent upon
joined
of
the
life,
who
kill
game.
meet
It is
and
a willingness to
sacrifice
or latent,
in-
may render
consists
of
The
men whom we
necessary.
other class
shall
call
who
of wild
this class to
vanishing wild
Today the gunners are still keeping up the senseless slaughter that disgraces Texas; but surely some day the
life.
Whether they
their lethargy.
so before the
game
is
do
will
entirely gone
remains to be seen.
The American
sufficiently
nu-
American
war with Germany. War or no war, we must pay
our taxes, educate our children, and
protect our wild life and forests from
The
factor that enabled the educational leaders of that Hu'lit to engage in it as they did. was
destruction.
We
World War
"A
Garden
in
SLOGAN FOB
JOHN
Bj
Til
shortage and
consequent increase
have emphasized
steps i"
(
immediate
in iduet ion.
n^riinr-
Jonservati'ui
Commi
i
and permanent
the Ameri-
for
adei
a rd
State
in Eoi
to
AMERICA
I'IM.KV
II
E presenl
Every Yard"
L917 IN
niton
farming and those more generally concerned with the whole financial condition of tin' countrj agree that no other
factor in our present national situation i- of greater importance than careful and systematic preparation to secure
impracticable or impos
already in service might be retained dur-
ing the
data collected
ports
the government
for
show thai
All the
re-
quantities of grain
ilic
duction
not
is
possible,
the
lea
conserve carefully
to
is
others.
There
is.
uteres!
in
the
started h ith
for
more and
better
most
In
stems, ben
possiblj
sj
In- bole
rops
time
(
until
the
in
direi
to
work
be
harvesting
the
is
of
the
fall,
interest
of the
to
is
arouse
in
pan
ats
squiti
ft
Eull) as
im-
necessary for
an active part
in the
production.
that only
is especially important
It
-e.d- and good plants ho used
g
who
an
Therefore, those
1
tin-
woi
ampaign which
the young people
liable firm
gardi qs
of capital
all
of the
desiring
take
!>ro\
:
ai
he no handicap
may
to
oi garden work
to the direction of
ime
summer,
planting
trained director.
up
the
work,
there
who need
for those
assistant e
and harrowing
posed of
zation
representative
ter'-
inti
to direct
lie
with next H
national
education might
mittee.
a
trainee
w<
mands
II
When
in-
di-i
The superintendent
work.
that
imn
war de-
of thi-
board
irden
.rd" should
in
GEORGE
Editorial Note
ment to
at San
collect
work
K.
in 1889,
when
ua
work
for the
exi.-e.pt
Chile
He
begar
little
Atlantic
He made
many
Although
birds, he has studied and collected mammals and other forms in the field
gains an intimate knowledge of Mi. Cherrie through the pages of Colonel Roosevelt's
Through the Brazilian Wilderness, the story of an expedition on which Mr. Cherrie acted as naturalist.
With the permission of Charles Scribner's Sons, we m;Lke tin- following qu
his greatest
as
well.
One
"Cherrie was
born in Iowa, bu
children.
Mrs. Cherrie had accompanied
in his collecting trips along the Orinoco,
couple of hundred miles from any whitt
fearless man; and willy n illy he had been
farmer in Vermont.
He has a wife and six
two or three years of their early married life
child was born when they were in camp a
nan. ... He was an unusually efficient and
id
les to
on opposite paii?)
To
BEFOKi:
pediti
Kx-
Roosevelt
we were
South America,
1913-14, while
in the heart of
still
RGE
G E
By
life
Colonel
graphical.
accordingly
Roosevelt
:i
Expedition
the
in
the
be termed
_'.:
of
on
the
of
fall
Leo E.
field
the Miller-Roosevelt
'herrie Roosevelt
Kxpedition should be
Inasmuch as
Dr. Frank M. Chapman, of the American
sent out the following spring.
K. C
and Bolivia,
he
the interests of
thai
11
ed
bj
rpedil ions.
the writer, in
b ith
1916,
thai
took
our
for
work
collecting
that
iii
region.
collecting
thousand
altitude
an
at
We aN"
feet.
fourteen
of
more or
did
less
Returning
we
Guayaquil,
to
laki n out
1
man
[ov
ai
by
r.,1
"f
en
ei
..
shot
him
ibli d
l.e
i:.l
|t0
talking about
and
rat ge.
_,
all
the w idesl
to
he
mei
pi
the light
weapons
opei
ill
it
:.
f<
two
he
company
Dr. Chapman, left New York in May,
for Colon, where we secured a steamer
:i
for
of
ces
i'"i
Accordingly
produces on the
elicited the fact that he was Bpeaking from lively p
(.'herrie. in addition to being out after hints in
He was a veteran in the work of thi
mail's dutj
and of
effect
Kr
was
it
his
rations
moral
E R R
II
Museum
ralrj
onal
recoUecl
moment, helped a
talked together often, and of many
wife and children, to other men
i!.e
ntials
same
His father had served all
i
his
regiment us
:i
blow
and cominf
hand to hand fichtin{r
iriv at.-
in
achievement
In
veil
is
Shiloh."
nt
quoti
Oherrie was
ing thai thi
River of Doubt" when the
day during the exploration of thi
tool shot.
It was on this "River
Mr. Cherrie emu. mi,, camp with two
ted with Mr. Ch.rries power as s field naturalist that
expedition
in.- region for intensive study.
What he S;,
quoted in the .i.n-RNAi. previously, hut it is worth repeating:
i
..1
wasti
"'
others,
the
full
life-histories
in
the
209
?:i!
2|*
I
-g
till
n*:-
ag
03
Sgf J
coast
the
Callao,
to
in
From
down
the
coast
Callao
to Mollendo,
we
which
interior
sailed
the
is
Pern
of
order to arrange
contemplated trip down the Qrubamba Val
While waiting for Dr. Chapman to
ley.
join me, I spent much time visiting the Inca
ruins in
city of Cuzco.
few
.lays
tnca
of "Refuge.
litj
We made
our
camp
at
is
obtain
to
stalk
that
lung
close
to
face of
the
cliff.
that
stairways cut
into
living
the
well
the
to
lay
conduct ing
watt
made
to
ling
Lifficult
down,
it
re-tit,;;
found
was necessarj
feel
to hold
carefully for a
we
walking.
There
where a
foi
ttg
Here we had
Ige
tl
lecting.
through
ride
Urubamba Canon
Bides of the
the
On both
are eontinu
made
every foot of
cultivation
for
col-
was
valley
wonderland.
avail
soil
in
valley.
supplying water
these
to
t.
for
Traces are
still
intact in places.
We
toward
Titicaca.
packed our
then
hack
Lake
the
my
on
Chapman
to
desired
visit,
started
interior of
Matto Grosso
Brazil,
in
in
or-
in
It.
My way
Lake Titicaca.
tin a previous expedition I had crossed this
now I was pleased that I had
lake at night
an opportunity to go around the lake by
day and stop at the various small ports and
lay
across
lirst
The
sea
rooms
,,i,
Even on deck
in
the
I,
ii.
were
dull,
gray, and
to be even
then went on to
portation
Atic-ha,
frontier.
on
the
the
line
I. a
lifeless.
f
,,t
tl
the ruins
felt
members of
the
all
possess,,!.
for
indeed that
fortunate
271
We
ground.
solid
ere,
rock,
we reached
Iiet'ore
great
little
in-
'a
Andes
as
as
far
Were
temperature was
not
ti
greatly
heated,
All
from the
the
cold.
although
the
sere.
At
We
finally
found that
Atocha
From
beds.
La Quiaca ou
We
early
left
much
fered
birds and
habits.
pictures
of
have
I
never
also
forms.
all
feed-
of the
little
Bolivian towns.
Prom La Quiaca
ping,
secure.
railroad transportation
was to
this city that the American Museum had
forwarded a new outfit for me.
Having
reached Buenos Aires, and the mouth of the
Parana River, I felt that I was finally embarked on the more important work of my
expedition. As soon as I could make arrangecan be secured to Buenos Aires.
It
later I
the Paraguayan
At
a region in which
zoological work has been done.
Dur-
little
chaco,
ing the
the chaco,
little is
known
of
is
the
natives
America
Many
the
in
in
chaco
region
have
been
annihilated.
if
is
real
Paraguay River.
(the
property of
to
I succeeded
iu
getting
many
interesting
the
we found
them very abundant indeed, scarcely a morning passing without our seeing nests and single eggs scattered here and there across the
open campo.
Day after day the Indians
brought to camp loads of eggs that they had
taken from nests. As is well known, several
females lay eggs in the same nest, but incubation is attended to by the male bird
depleting the rhea population, but
only.
He
small
me farther up the
Corumba, Brazil. At Agua
Blanca, three or four hours above Corumba,
did my next collecting. Later I ascended
tin' liver for a distance of about five hun-
Wheeler.
good cattle
trail
Wheeler
is
located a
known as Fort
Between Puerto Pinasco and Fort
spent about two months collecting
steamer
that
Paraguay River
carried
to
das,
property of the
Farquhar syndicate.
on
day,
up the river
trip
the
from
egrets
various species of
,,i
ibis.
had the
pleasure of visiting a
oiues.
me
in the
trust
efficient.
them
learned
that son
first
of
mi,-
the rook-
of
eries,
wide.
It
was only a few moments before a
was manned and the peccaries over
That
night we had vast pork for
taken.
colonies of
boat
occupj Lng
supper.
without
ing the same nests as the egrets,
even so much as a thorough housecleanin^.
During
my
stay
superintendent
of
Descalvados
the
ranch
that
point
my
made
and
fazenda,
the
of
headquarters
base of
the
the
From
operations.
know what
the
really
1'anateles
are,
to
vasl
are
in
ected
with
irregular channels
of
August
until
colonies
of
end
the
are
egrets,
wood
ibis,
September
of
by
by
the latter not only
occupied
later
same region
In
first
and
olony,
tl
built hi-
a
i
the center
in
on the es
nesl
directions.
all
in
the open
in
and storks
well as rheas,
abundant.
sometimes
in
In
country, a-
fact, they
one
day's
were
ride
teu
cic-
of anteater,
streams.
of birds of
sh
atei
une ride mo
a
straight
The Panateles
(locks
id'
many
arc-
the
rarely can
hal
ies
of
species
greater
hundred
ards
in
of immense
While the
i
it
does.
work
plains
wato
rails.
less,
there
nsely fur
ested.
less
line
in
many
tin-
hi
last
i.
besides
hi
countless
numbers
Three months'
marshes ami open
varieties.
region
this
of
collecting
with
poinl
collections
supplied
which
will
An
HOW
Bv C-E. A.
THE
dier,
WIN SLOW
bered that under the weight of the body and
the added weight of the equipment which the
soldier carries, the foot
and
size,
and of
flexible
that
it
fatigues him.
much, he
insufficient protection
must
The
material.
inch.
As a
in
be
lengthen half
may
if it is
If
it
is liable to suffer in
is
reduced too
camp through
Among
movement
ment featured
their visibility
mile.
In the test
United States
Army
gredients.
kit,
con-
and meat
can,
must
and the
soldier
canteen, which
dier on the
Safety.
phoid fever.
Among
of the
men
due to
ill-fitting shoes.
suffices
application.
by diseases
sanitary
war time
in the past
and
ty-
should be remem-
It
\m. unils.
in
It killed
iii
of
War.
War
1898,
only
battle
wai-far.-
appliances tor
Bsfetj
ted
from
tin'
tin-
'-
mask from
worn
tin-
-n
tin-
typhoid was
disease.
complete
against
American
army in 1909, and mad. compulsory in li'l-'.
Tin- result "a- a reduction in tin- typhoid
tat.- from 3.2 per 1,000 in
1908 to .03 in
1913.
at
When
in th.-
10,759 troop
Jacksonville
in
typhoid
ISHS.
and
region during
there
l'is
were
deaths,
in
ets:
del
tin-
|.r
J.arat inn
\t
thi
..!'
primitive
tin-
way back
at tin- right
apparatus to dispose
tion
"i'
of
in
eases of
t.-r.
illustrating
a-
ess
field
sin-
amounts
operations.
foot,"
tin-
trenches.
It
has
recently
Fram-e that
this disease
simple
but of invasion
a-
.-\.
particular interest
tia.-t.-.l
--tint, d
restore respiration
to
"trench
deaths.
wound,
and used
1,729
th.-
tin-
in
of the past
French Republic;
while
similar
war trappings
jects
oops encamped
Company,
volunteer corps
protection
Vaccination
introduced
tirst
in\ .-ntiv.-ln-ss
iiin.l.-m
th.
'
almost
iijmn
from
soldiers of the
i
lungmotor,
front in an
offer
against
tin-
Boldier,
American
tin'
is so constructed that it can be separated into halves along the middle line, allowing the attendant to transfer the wounded
man to a cot by slipping the stretcher out
while
from
supplies
of
which
I-
died.
the typhus
in
Serbia;
in
Amer-
the
in
districts
Manhattan Chapter
the
'lull,
Pencttlium
damp and
glaueum,
filthy
socks,
i-
in
wa
in
the
di
not
tin-
l.v
which
penetrati
result
of
molds, such
niter
from
the
:unl
block
the
blood and
lymph
excluded,
may
it
several of the
There
struction of the
vessels.
is
vessels
cases laying
Museum
Since the
last
Journal, the
issue of the
members of
Museum
Mrs.
SCHEIDER.
Frank
W.
K. Vanston, and G.
J.
V.
Thomson,
Storks, A. T.
II.
W.\
carried
on
throughout
Museum
is
the
now
United
taking part
down
Panama
Canal.
Notes
N.
tary drill
among
Museum men.
the
Drills
are
five.
Believing that
of the Museum can do more effecwork along the lines in which they are
daily employed than by organizing a Red
the
women
tive
Red Cross
was decided to undertake to secure
for the Red Cross Society both in
the Museum and among friends outside. For
this purpose another special committee was
supplies, yet wishing to assist in
work,
it
members
C.
Nelson as chairman.
MUSEUM NOTES
Permission has been granted bj the trustees
of the Museum for the establishment of an
enrollment center in the Museum building
for the purpose of helping
in
the work of
allotted
taking the state Census. The ti
for such service will be so arranged that the
is
under consideration
se
ries
in
committee
of the
birds,
curator.
letter
mi.
schedule time
behind
daj
an
are limited
uncertain.
anil
\t
un-
ird
facilities
tation
by Mr.
.ii
has
tii.
Mi.
.iHMin-h.il
titled
all]
es]
Miller's
reconnaissance
nithological
for
lain
carrying to a success-
pel at ion in
lent
ful
for an or-
plan
our expedition.
personal
i.
in
museum
tin-
to
letters
in
the
the autho
which the expedition proposes to
E.
his experiences
pedition.
museum
at
Buenos
ruber of the
Buenos Aires
in
tion
of Natural Sciences.
established
added
this
at
made
to those
..tin.
at
have
already given
rise
exchanges
to
In connection with
exchanges the American Museum ac
knowledges the receipt just at the momenl
of collections of birds from the Museu Pan
Sao Paulo, Brazil, the Mu eo V
lista at
valuable material.
of
these
cional at
tory
from him
of the
tell
b]
Museum
in
the opportunity to
itinera!]
taken
of the
Museum
localities
He
visit.
Managua,
at
Henry
Pbofessoe
of
P resident
given to
of Ins
..in.
i.
am supporting war
"I
traffic:
\
was
value.
Osborn,
Fairfield
Muse
has
following expression
American
the
press the
th.
experiment
prohibition.
as
regarded
long
lias
It
medical
of
bj
to be a poison both to
Bcientifii
and
imp
only one
at
thi
in
America,
in
of
desire
foi
Natural
His
more
defi
affiliation
ami
with
hails
the direction
of
seam's
Dr.
the
and
the
South
satisfaction
an]
there-
pleasure to
recent
Museo Nacional
in
genei
at ion.
it
ot bet
like
gives at best
in
nor
to disease."
hi
....
giene
History
at
I'lam
,-.
llillltni
>
the
then-
friendl]
is
It
weleoi
with
increased
museums of central
scientific
step
prof.. me
more cordial
ami
collei
American Museum.
it
[lite
temporary impulse
ented
tions of the
to
ii'
of H hich there
pi
ii
i^
the
western
battle
front
life,
of
demol
cordial]]
ted with
acteristic
Buenos Aires,
spe-
slides
of
trench-scarred
I'rance.
The
and
limits
still
the
mittee.
is
With
impetuosity and
characteristic
en
may
information
ing
gardening
on
being
are
spread abroad for the instruction and guidance of all who will undertake the work.
summer
Extensive
be given at
will
courses
many
in
agriculture
institutions, including
New York
School
is
sup-
ply.
nation wide.
gency.
by bringing better methods and better machinery within the reach of all.
ciety at the
entitled
Found
Skull
at
Queensland,
Australia."
This remarkable
discovered
about
thirty
years
ago,
re-
it
mained unknown
University
or
men
estate
may demand.
ment at
acres
New York
to the Govern-
it
Seventy-five thousand
low figure.
in
Real
of gardeners or offering
City alone,
it
is
esti-
which
for
will be
vegetable
gardens,
planted to potatoes.
much of
The Na-
tional
(UiriU n
Committee of
it
living,
locality
specimen
surrounding matrix.
It
is
of
commanding
and premolars.
Professor Smith
has presented a cast of the skull to the
canines
Museum.
On
an Honorary Fellow of the American Museum of. Natural History, gave an address
before the Explorers' Club of this city at a
luncheon given in his honor at the Hotel Ma-
jestic.
lar
pamphlet.
by
soil
experts to determine
for farming,
its
suitability
to applicants.
plots
have
heen
assigned
within
the
city
Ernest said that the United States had entered the war at the psychological
and by "rising
to the height of
moment
which she
is
One of
the twelve
was
killed
on his
first
day
MUSEUM NOTES
The explorer further
in the trenches.
"This country
and Bhipa
than that
i-
said:
In
night
necessary;
it
is
necessary for
death
recent
the
William
of
Hayes,
lias
will be
it-
It
and to those associated with him on the Museum staff appreciation of these years of
faithful service.
On
same day,
meeting
held
and
History
American Museum of
Natural
at
American
the
under the
Carnegie Hall
in
Indian
uaissance
of
vicinity of
Oak
mounds
shell
in
the
Hill
These mounds,
ida.
'
hundred
with
long
least one of
people
greeted
Ernest
Sir
them had been very nearly demolished by the steam shovels. Others are,
however, intact, and still offer an attractive
was
field
even implements,
gist of Florida.
great
enthusiasm.
months spent
his
in
His
account
of
hearers.
ggshells,
'I'd
many
tures
pic-
credit
In
(losing
his
lecture
to the
war
The proceeds of
in
Ins
1.
the "great
go
visited the
to
camp
training
May
Plattsburg,
at
ei
to
s.
a gift
The teeth
1
"I
of Mr. Russell
.1.
Coles on a
fishin".
Louis Hussakof.
tinuation
devilfish
ology
.!'
.if
This work
is
, COD
Btndy of the anatomy of the
and collection
;,s
.,,,,.
in
view of
wai conditions.
During
rallahas
vador. and Nicaragua, and thej "ill pay particular attention to the study
E.
Army
Carnegie
them
with Dr.
The Museum
this lecture
is
sta\
inii'ei
Ernest
Sir
relief fund.
On Tuesday, .May
all
Such mound
for excavation.
tl
prints an
illustrated
article
Orinoco
Ma.piiritares."
It
is
by
to the
\|.nl.
Mr.
Land
description
1917,
E.
>!'
of
the
the
zoological
is
ob-
fish
inch
and animal
also has an
life little
May
issue of Seribner's
The
leaflets
Museum
When
high winds.
was
the
lifted,
it
and
in a vial of preserva-
It
tive.
The
Magazine.
t<>
science.
merged
object.
is
problems
of
the
illustrating
health,
public
ply,
municipal
of
ami
wastes,
Mr. John
T. Nichols, of the
partment of
fishes,
weeks' cruise
Museum's
de-
among
The
hermit thrush
is so
Herman Armour
forest
Nichols
of
Chicago,
to
that
this
thrush in
their
valuable.
certain
at
seasons
Two
young.
to
give
species were
birth
common
March and
rence there in
to
April,
occur-
although
one of them (the green shark) had not previously been recorded
r. liwibatus)
it.
The frontispiece of
number of the Journal, Mr. Norman
McClintock's
its
photograph
home
life, is
of
hermit
the
therefore unusually
zoologically
the spotted
poet for
its
shark
five
of
New
ork waters
in
straggling
sionally
York
as
far
north
as
New
It chances,
spiritual
is
the
known
The edged
War, our American poet, Walt Whitman, linked the song unforgetubly with war
and heroic death "the song of the bleeding
in his
throat, Death's outlet song of life"
Memories of President Lincoln.
in
tin-
species
of
market
is
warmer months:
regularly
in
the
Civil
THE
AMERICAN M,
JOURN
FOOD SUPPLY IN
DISEASES OF AFRICA
WAR TIME
WILD FLOWERS
of Natural
History
BOARD OF TRUSTEES
Second Vice-President
Ileveland
ii.
Dodge
.).
Treasurer
Henri
P.
MOBQAN
Secretary
Davison
I'.
A. P. Juilliard
administrative officers
Assistant Treasurer
'I
..-
New York
SCIENTIFIC STAFF
Sc.D.. Director
i,
Vertebrate Palaeontology
,D.,
L.
A.
.1.
E.
Roy W. Miner,
Frank E. Litz,
MUTCHLER.
R.
Associate
1).
Charles
Assislanl
Frank
Emeritus
W.
Anthropology
Clark Wissler, Ph.D., Curator
Pliny E. Goddard. Ph.D.. Curator Ethnology
ROBERT H. Lowie, Ph.D., Assoc. Curator
Herrert .7. Si-inden. Ph.D., Asst. Curator
Henry
Soci
HOWARD MoGBEGOB,
Anthropology
in
E.
Anthropology
Leslie Spier,
Ralph W. Tower,
Charles F. Herm.
Ph.D., Curator
Assistant
l.V-.-urch Associate in
ILESSANDBO FABBBI,
Physiology
Public Health
Charles-Edward
A.
Winslow,
M.S.. M.A.,
Herpetology
Mammalogy mot
A.
.7.
Ornithology
i:
..
II
10)
Frank M Chapw
Curator Ornithology
3c.D
linv c Andrews, A.M., Asst. Cur Man
W. DeW, Miller. Assoc Curator Ornithology
HE. A-.!
aut Mammalogy
in
Iam. Assistant Mammalogy
Ann
Public Educati
Sherwood, a m Curator
m Fisher.
E.
ant
Thomas, Ph.B.,
Books
anil Piililicnlioiis
THE
AMERICAN MUSEUM
JOURNAL
DENOTED TO NATURAL HISTORY. EXPLORATION. AND THE
DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC EDUCATION
THROUGH THE MUSEUM
Maw
Volume
1017
XVII,
Numbi
MAY
AMERICAN MUSEUM OF
World Calls
over,
for an Increased
Supply
-i,v
d.-ath oi
Hi.'
.1
in 1913,
was
facing
285
founders
Reminiscences of
Recollections embodied
Notes
in
a trip
company with
in
385
Journal
Choati
If.
Florida Turtles
"ii
289
Russell
oles
With
description bj
ol
gopher pulling"
'
War Time
T.
(i.
Hull
295
to increase the
n.irm.i
crops
The Dawn
bj
T. D. A. Co< kerell
of History
299
Scenes among the Cro-Magnon people, Borne twenty-five thousand years ago. in the caves of
France, introducing hunters of the mammoth, and artist*: suggestions of the wars. tl.
still remote
must slowly ri~e to a future
in u
of wealth, of cities, of science, by wliieh priiiutM
in tliis year 1917 where he will realize his true mission on earth
1
With
in
MiLrtr-'-tiun-
1 1
-ir<i,..
lini; prot.-rtion
S.'.-
;iNo artii
mosquito,
-tr;uiu'''
on pagf
].
:;,*>n)
Walter
303
duotone
a- to
from man
man through
to
James
319
Murrtll
323
B.
the ftgencj
oi
etc.
Wild Mushrooms
How to distinguish
Illustration!
William
Food
as
and thus
avail
A.
manj
ourselves of
de
common
licious varictit's
from photograph*.
In
th..
Author
of a
,._!.i|.li--
-..-ri.-
ami
piom-.-r
Ahhthvui
th.-
I>\
\\
333
il'i
Barrixgton M
lit'.-
of th.- paintings
th.'
Mipph
of w
ee
SUil
Is
p iper
o
p
BullfigW
Land Party
to
See phi
Ed.
Safe, with
Bird Studj
"
It.
Crabb
Mrs. N'atm
\pedition
Otto Widmann
347
350
A Review
343
346
Account
ing out
v.
Gherardi Davis
i'ork Baj
Museum Notes
:;.".:;
Mary Cynthia Up
ptiona
should
Jott
352
be addressed
Now Fork
to
the
hi rsok
American
t'itv.
Inji
Must um.
77th
St.
and
o :
W
O
"5 .5
a a s3 o
<y^JHk<uz
Volume XVII
Number
1917
American Museum
NEW YORK is THE ABSOLUTE OWNEB OF THE BUILDINGS,
THE MUSEUM OWNS THE COLLECTIONS AN ARRANGEMENT WHICE
CITY OF
Till'.
JOSEPH
By
car
me
ask
Yiil'
to
the
Journai
the
beginnings of the
d]
fifty
Ameri-
had something
ever dreamed
nearly
for
something aboul
Museum, in which,
viving founder,
lime.
contribute
al
to
'1".
thai remote
years ago,
thai
the
its
proem
vasl
pro-
H.
HO ATE
New York
made
to establish
collections of
uralists
;i
nat-
Philadelphia and
lowed
cities in
to lead.
remember
that,
al-
when
years had
its infancy to
ommanding stature In scienci and
\ml for the Mime iii't>, v,-.,r* the Americas Museui
education.
its side has looked upon
f
him with affectionate admiration, ami. feeling
contented muni under the protecti
tins representative ..t' t lie law, the foremosl advocate of the imericai Bar, lias been able
r.i devote it- It' innen \e,lh
to the work for which it was founded.
iIt
remember how greatly Mr. Choate enjoyed the Mnseim
visitor up to the hist days of his life.
helped to found.
He was
recall
It waSaturday t'ui'eiioon in the
rj
evident.
on "hen his 'Hi
early spring of 1917, and about time for the "Children's Lecture" to bi
torium of the Museum, Outside, the weather :e gray, with a eold wind; insidi
many hundred children had come gaily trooping, there was a greal sunshi
if adventure
make into the innelolaml of Vfi
of the journeyii
our wild Bowers or birds
foi get,
&
bject of that particular children's lecture.
Then he came in smiling, among the children, and many people both young and old
whispered "Mr. Choate," with ao
for his great name and
they were in an amlienee of which he was to be a member.
He was in one of his gayesl
I.
moods, it seei
He was holding a grandchild bj each hand, and
veritably believe he
fori of the pleasure ahead as were the children.
After the lecture and .after thej had viewed some of the M iseum exhibits, accompanying
Mr. Sherwood, head of the department of edm-ation of the Museum, one of he inhlren said
eiultingly, "Are we not lucky to have grandpa foi a grandpa!"
She had quite the righl
Ami the American Museum could have said with equal sincerity and em
point of view.
phasis, "We tire immeasurably glad thai Mr. Choate
r founder, trustee, and friend."
regret thai the following article, written by Mr. Choate very
I.
together With till e\|n
MllSelllll'W Ise
[lis
it years while he could yet see them.
gh the
The portrait,
sent
,- his favorite ami
he
It conveys the magnetism of his
res oi himself.
personality in large degrei
with it- intellectuality and benignity in the upper face and
it- pathos and humor about >lm month.
It is true thai
from his standpoint at least it could
scarcely have mattered that they were not published in time.
His last days wei
i
:i
-i
'
THE AMERICAS
it
had
granting
thai the
To our
it.
surprise
we found
depended 11]
the decision of William
M. Tweed, who was then practically in
supreme control
no obstacles
in
hi'
and
that
he entirely ap-
in-
being amateur
other
department,
hut
there
was no
and
its
its
day had
me
to
the founders so
suppo.-e
to
of need,
spend for
I
become one of
that they might have a
who should
be one of their
own
way of
money.
collection or of
tion of the
of
pupil
He had been
and was besides
Museum.
Agassi/.,
a
a
whom
of the
season,
first
organization.
He
ican
as
Museum
ils
No
great
he
is
to be
remembered
would
ever
contribute
thousand dollars
Museum
in
seemed
little collections
of
Natural Historv or
president
Some
various curators.
money
ble the
in the project,
also
terested
and
contribute,
said
own which
We
siasm,
their
would put
of the Legislature.
JOURNAL
MI'SKI'M
finally
s Ur h
New York
two
hundred
Museum of
Museum of Art.
luxury as a
a
vivid personal enjoyment because of his opportunity to use his eloquence and argument to
give all that was in his power to the two causes nearest his heart: the new desire of his
vigorous patriotism for the entrance of America into the war on the side of the Allies, and
his ever-abiding desire as a diplomat for a closer union of France and England with his
home country. Also during his last days, it is good to remember, there were reached out to
him from ail sides the homage and love of friends and of the public, since as the chief
citizen of New York City he had been chosen despite his eighty-five years to represent the
government in greeting the English and French Commissions.
The patriotism and loyalty of Mr. Choate, which made him give himself on this occasion,
even though he knew it to be at the risk of his life, recall his many patriotic utterances
f tin' past, so eloquent of the situation today.
Some of them stand as prophecy and command: "Our frigates may rot in the harbor our ironclads may rust at the dock, but if ever
again the flag is in peril, invincible armies will swarm upon the land, and steel-clad squadrons leap forth upon the sea to maintain it. If we only teach our children patriotism as the
first duty and loyalty as the first virtue, America will be safe in the future as she has been
in the past.
We can always be sure of fleets and armies enough. But shall we always
have a Grant to lead the one, and a Farragut to inspire the other.' Yes, on this one condition, that every American child learns from his cradle that his first and last duty is to his
country, that t" live for her is honor, and to die for her is glory."
In the death of the Honorable Joseph Hodges Choate the American Museum has suffered
None too frequently so far in the history of
a loss of almost irreparable proportions.
human evolution ha\c there
n combined in one man so many rare qualities of mind and
character,
high mentality, great industry, sincerity, high purpose and unselfishness with
energy, simplicity, and a gay humor even to the end of five and four score years. The institution he founded sincerely mourns his death.
The Kuitok.
REMINISCENCES OF
and
\in.
had
n a
know
do not
any
city
New York
mouth
to
whom
gentlemen of
we
effort
at
in
In
from
lived
first
of land.
1//
SEl
1/
vs;
acres,
was
at
that
A"
The
building.
first
laid,
well n
in
tract
nine
although the
first,
sisting of eighteen
at that
uted
the
hand
.1
that
Ohited
accompanied by mem-
State-,
It
build-
state,
the twenty-second of
December,
L877,
change for
institutions
Museum
Mu-eiim of
The
contract
entered
Museum
the
\n and
into
that
at
city
has subsisted
fort}
Contracts of
years.
\-u
ciety
have
The
policy
at
the
tion
ere, ted
came crowding
in
of.
scription
.MM'
b}
in. .-i
.iti i.i.
to
tive objei
await
and confi-
Forty-four
ments.
first
isited
thousand
five
Museum
thouto re-
worth}
Europe.
to
alone
hi
we
museum
museums of
great
realized this,
hi-,
length}
all
buildings
ManiiaM. in
in
exhibition within
our collections,
on-
the
is
titt-
city
oak
and
has
relations.
beneficial
growing more
close
Museum ami
and cordial.
thi
magnitude,
and
that
have
it
is
educational
worth}
..I'
institutions
the support of
of
the
now
still
city,
it- ei1
is
arrangement win.
between the
-hall
bi
Manhattan Square,
ork, therefon
delightful
"i
Museum
.in
by the
the
all
steadil}
the
of
a free
The
an
future develop-
>f
sb
ts,
it.
contract
provides for
It
er to he ereeted
the buildings of
of Ne\i
V.
well-ordered exhibiti
mher- away
this
in
faster than
dence
modeled upon
to the public.
collectors,
as
Zoolog
ori
embodied
Museum
ican
and
he.ni closel}
alive
years of struggle.
iese earl}
A- usual
make up
to
kept
deficit,
their
the
an
institution
he pro\ ided
fund-.
whose maintenance
for .ml of the public
Bv
ll
DHRING
tlf
1917,
Russell
de\ ilfish
EO
<>
on
Florida,
Audubon
area
ot
bird
i\
II,
-One
Mi
-1
JfOl
BK
U.,
the
in
through
veil
iter
in
v.'-niiL'Hi
I.
us. at
the
tin'
nited
States
authority
his
law
I'r.'-i.l.-nt
was
me
hi'
bird
made by
in
Dr.
to
belt
figs,
of
mangroves
on which
pawpaws, ami one or
inside,
\l
mice said
My
it
book
knowledge enabl
in realize that he
i'h
was speaking,
burrowing pouched ral
Florida
rather
i-
absurdly
not
called
fn.m Florida
was passed
power to set aside govern
\ ).-. r
chances that
it,
gopher.
XVI,
Vol
deral
.1,.
reservation
jr.
higher land
of
made
Mi ive
an island which,
visited
iel
written.
One day we
Soi
grew Florida
'
while
I.
this
da
Eev.
Gorda,
ROOSEV
i;
week of .March.
last
devilfish,
II
in
i,
spent
Puma
Mr.
lit,
fairly large
specimen, weighing
,,;,.
taff of the American
Museum
the gopher tortoise {Testudo polyp)
valuable r.-.-ord of observations a brief article
covering some of Dr. Fisher's personal experiences with this s|-.i.s._ Til K Kihtor.
Ii
History,
c.
'
gopher
being shaped
bj
tie- flat
tj
ill-
hnrrr
our--
plastron and
in tli- retreat
if
an enemj appear
j,,s,
tit-
One
of the first
feet in length.
il
of the halo
go
Tl
I
Oi.- floor
the earn;
tlie
own
390
pounds, with
shell
13%
inches long,
9
<
is
some-
mangrove swamp on
we got three small diamond-
In the fringe of
the island
Cut
the bay
in
we once
loggerhead turtles.
professional
us
related
iuan\
saw
or twice
.Mr.
fishermen
instances
of attacks
thing of a mys-
they
nessed by sharks
cies
entirely
is
terrestrial;
by
out
flesh
and
they
good
i>
but
mo
had
not
We
de-
Unlike
common
comhow-
panions,
ever, assured
hinged,
i-imiI
My
ones.
bos
tur-
whenever
met them,
meat
licious.
our
tles
that
gulped
small
found
eating.
the
down
vege-
feeder
table
its
is
knew
sharks
gopher
tortoise
and
lined or storm.
The
sea
both the
turtles,
Loggerhead
accident of
wit-
on full-grown
it
had
me
but
when alarm-
of the full-gro^
ed,
the creature
turtles
the
draws
in
head completely
out of sight, and
hack
tucks
showed signs of
so that only
the
rough,
flat,
tle
is
told
The
then
attack.
J. Coles,
tMtiitttr bini.stris)
tur-
by Captain
by sharks.
practically
immune from
McCann
to
lie
that he had
diatnond-liack rattlesnake
devdrish
once found
with
having been
est
exposed.
whose observations on
turtles are quoted in the article, and whom
Colonel Roosevelt accompanied as guest on his
recent devilfish hunt off the west const of FlorMr. Coles is scientific authority on the
ida.
Mr. Bussell
the
feet
Captain Mc(
'.inn
which
that
rattlesnakes fed
mammals.
ado polyphemtu)
UP'
lost
two
at
at-
one
Usu-
ally
this
meant
that
one
flipper
ise
iously at different
flippers, obvio
On one occasii
times.
mm Captain Jack
was attracted by a greai commotion in
the water and sailed toward the scene.
He
found
withahuge
frantically
the shark
lias
tacked
time or another
si
through the
shell.
The
final
borhood
to
of
one
foot.
The
would
turtle
four flippers,
all
off
moment
tempt
to escape by diving,
shearing
behind,
off
sometimes leaving
on the
shell
On
from
one flipper, and
mark
semicircular
it.
damaged
turtle mi
He
Mr.
saw
Coles
provisionally
he
identified as a
found
PULLING
GOPHKR
may
Although
down
looked
be
it
a unique sport.
si
regulating
laws
are
and
seasons,
In
Iv
a-
but
name
ild
'
bi
"gopher,"
is
strictly
the
in
Geomyt
inappro
this
section
really
hi
-Lie.
graduallj
lower end
nni
is
itself,
the
known
is
as
the
and
fox,
in
burrows
the forelegs
being
__
always
ridei
Is
oi
the
of
grass and
u]
plants.
the
An examination
Living
huck
in
the
and
leaves of rarious
of
in
dug
in
well-drained,
and
gopher-tick
latter
o,-,
(AmMv
the
the
digestive
go
This
is
pa led
in
1909,
it
during the
.,f
:<
olorless
cave crickets
Had we beei
should probably hav, ,,
insect guests in the goplu r burrow
DBrd, Henrj i;.. Thi
I
rohibited
oi
r,
unlawful to take or gi
months <.f May, Juni
law "to Ink.- ,,r -.11 Hi. in
ul
Scudder).
three most
the proi
fitt
jrions,
bj
to the
turpentine orchard.
Many a running horse
ha- fallen and thrown its rider by stepping
,1
are
feet
hack who
the graj
or sis
five
Gopher burrows
entrance.
herbivorous,
central
usually about
is
tortoisi
and
and
western
graj
"salamander,"
this
terrestrial
well
spite of
neighboring
da
as
digs for
especially
name
know.
ing to
in
tai
-i
in
is
al'iiiiilant
in
lie
it.
close
tortoise
it
trui
known
animal, which
a
and
How
cai
be inten
While the
versally
which
known
is
it
is
"salamander."
the
pi iate
This
Florida
in
i- a
stood on
states.
so
that
facl
thi
states there
FLORIDA
IX
are
in tlie
is
it
If
nil'
lower than
to a
bite.
ratlike rodent,
nut applied
i-
good idea of
there
the
states,
in he deep,
twelve
which gives
the turtle,
as
southeastern
the
it.
md
i
just
states.
"gopher"
as
0]
minii
be taken,'
trout
ik
01 thei n
the
the
fixing
may
thai
the
twenty-four
'GOPHER PULLING"
is
the surface of
semicircle
The strength
which
shark,
ing with
itself.
one occasion
great
it
39]
seize a big
Land Tortoi
and
blind
With
found
is
sharp man-
its
dibles
crops
it
this
ease,
ently,
as
animal
appar-
might an
with
sharp,
chisel-like teeth.
swallows
It
grass
the
two
in pieces nearly
wire grass
that
is
so stiff
must be
it
swallowing
like
tooth-
picks.
mouth
row,
ft.-sli
of the
them
same
bur-
the
have
been
reliable
ami
servers,
of
I
by
told
way
ob-
eovers
much
in
as
the
does
of
Florida
wire
gopher
eating
wav,
is
by the
available food where
grass
(which,
is
vas-back,
it
is
tains
ts
see
walk
on the
side-
in front of gro-
South
is
surely
the
but
what
im-
presses a Northerner
the
phers
for
sale.
gumbo.
the gopher
foi
am
sure.
accepted an invitation
accompany two friends on a gopher-pulling expedition, it was my instinct as a natuTo get tackle for
ralist that prompted me.
tin- sport w< went out to a bayhead and cut
to
fcw
sections of
and
possible
such
For
height.
sevi ral
in
Vitis rotun-
common
lianas being
esi
places and
With
diameter.
each as straight as
ine,
less
little
eai
long,
we
of grapevine,
fixed a
blunt
in
burrow.
of the
semicircular in
\u-is
sand
was found,
til.-
.'ud
end.
The
elasticity
til-'
ratus,
did
it
of
parts
I...
Florida
lung
ati
was made.
If
turn, and
is
k th.'
then
sharp
gopher either
i-i-
in
and subsequent
usually
bj
i-
it
required
to
deep,
inches
eighteen
gopher
be
not
will
able
self
from
pull
.if
,-i
tin'
while
hook,
it
climb
:i
in
tophi
This method
re-
i'
African tribes
capturing elephant-.
in
are occasionally
taken,
ti
is
it
ae,
turtles.
terrestrial
all
turtle
plod
similai
itj
along, one
which
sparse,
tin-
method
and
movement
walking.
in
so
possible to
i-
it
and hence
a
in
it
is
the most
who participate
torn
and
in
soiled
red bugs
fey
itement
exi
nui h
fu
those
:i
vi
f<
in fact, but
.,,n
the striking
hind
its
elephant, a similarity
Where gophers
trail
watching the
In
realizes
shape between
in
hose of an
'
bj
the
oi
it
I.
as
popular,
do return
.thing
and
of the hunt.
Fisher.
being
probably
largest
up
and finding
minds
was
much
as
is
the
even
to
a gopher in one
of these bos pits probably affords as much
excitement a- a trapper feels "pun finding
-id.'-:
straight
gopher
burrow,
covered
lightly
law.
devices
certain
If the box
it
as
Then by a steady pull it was brought to the surface and placed in a bag.
The hook did not penetrate tic skin of the
If one re
gopher and made no wound.
'in'
by
forbidden
thai
tish
plastron.
laxed
all
so efficient, that in
toises
[.nil
appa-
this
prohibited.
against tic
twisted a part of
is
same reasons
the
for
tile
With
gophers
of capturing
Then it
burrow and
feet.
lung to capture
take
not
ould carry.
innei
the
of
end of
i.'.ni
describing
shape,
an inch in diameter.
curve
Armed with such tackle, uc sallied forth
gopher
burrows, and whei
looking foi
e
.-11111111
ii
tin-
its
feet
retreated to
.".i3
o,
thirty
a section
with
off
than an inch in
of almost
ii
the
pushing
The photographs
-
bj
Dr.
c;
illustrating
"gopher pulling"
Clyde Fisher.
ill
The Conservation
Supplies in
By
SPECIAL
T.
illustrating
exhibit
front the
was opened
American Museum
the
at
HULL
(I.
ami potatoes.
with
allow
of
yield
Reports
to
The
and confusing.
licting
percentage
deficiency
of
year's
last
of
potabeans,
of
and
ii-
allies.
up
chiefly mail.'
i>
th,-
crisis.
ng
planl
It
tenfold
part in th
the
would
its
for
country
the
out
country to play
Our Food
of
War Time
also con-
it
Calcium
3.751bs.
Phosphorus 1.7 "
"
.IS
Potassium
Sodium
"
.15
Magnesium
.10
ll.s.
Sulphur
.10
"
Silica
.10
"
Iron
.01
"
being
normal
rent
per
The
low normal.
total deficiency,
Tho
condition.
ii.it
with
of the
a large family.
dinner
wages
lay
reserve bank
drained so
"docking" of even
tself
lo\i
part of a
the
at
fell
cause of
the United
in
States
picture
ann
short-
well illus-
is
painted
shibition, of a
and
the
for
young man
it-
leav-
higher
demand
the
depleted
so
ami
in
cold
fron
not
body what
energy
fuel
val
tho
quart
lir-t
oi
oi
litet
of water 1 Centigrade
i.
pi
of ealories required by
different occupations
the exhibit
oz.
in
The number
id'
Tho
measured
i-
i-
three piles
bj
9.
men
illusi
coal,
ol
12.3
sedentary habits,
im: 35
2 oz
lb.
and
ealories
lbs.
.'i
for
more
ac-
containing
oz.
six-da;
rider.
tin'
coming year
n inter
i>
in
To
ii
to the
i-
required to raise
i
Fahrenheii
:alorie
of heat energy
(aboul
for food
to the engine.
is
calories, o
L0,000
us.
too bright,
normal.
all.
our farms
stori
on April
cent
food, has
reserve on
tin-
now confronts
Tl
Above
table.
Tho underlying
trate!
man
The
w,
serious
exactly analo-
is
continually
is
that the
week's
create
to
case
how-
the food.
offset
tin-
Graham
bj
I'
in
se-
ledge
a-
poor
to
i-
tho diffusion o
costs
896
Pi
Millions oJJ>usnels
Wheat
* }"..
1%
Oats
|
Potatoes!
Pork
|
Salmon
'it
|
Millions
Beef
oj
pounds
JZ_
$L
*$3t
Butter
Rice
.i
tH-
Wheat
on
On the jarms
ff f-r,
oats
Stocks
Barley
|
^
jt
Millions
I
o)
Pounds
In cold
storage
i3U!i
'
Lard
|
popk
|
Eogs.casesj
We
st
must learn
to
mon
unit of measure
table wisely.
each one
is
the food
in
question in percentage of
principal features
protein
<lm
as
'
one of
'
its
series
Is
bo that the
(the
may
meaning
be dear.
of this
Beside
nitrogen-containing
of
and
'
tissue-building
preeminently
mineral
and
matter,
Native
given in Table A.
terial, as
It
will
be
calorie
seen thai
.'..,,'
milk, two
hi
0111
pat
,.
an ordinary
.
prunes, or
'
of
butter,
,.t
very
is
'
shows
common
on
certain
of
portions
the
the
studies
in
lVofrs-
x ap
78
84
93
18
18
20
tin
116
17
is
135
196
196
'.
18
12
10
230
247
249
......
ieon
52
.102
cents
made
chops
l.y
tit
...
Live
16
10
13
basis
'""''^"
lT
!'"
'.
to be obtained
Lamb
,.
cup custard
Eg salad
lettuce
for
....
Tomatoes and
,,
servi n<r
cantaloupe
thin -In-.-
glass "i
oi
'
energy ,!
n& protein content o]
worth o) restaurant portions as
served at Childs, New Tori
nts
ma-
refuse
295
table b
or
WAR TIME
IN
16
4
454
TABLE A
While
Portions
%****> *&* ** un
";:;;;!::
lOoystera
1"
lbs. lettuce
lib. tomatoes
ih. carrots
t; II.. Leans -trine
fclb.cod
2apples
large potato
%glassmilk
1
....
....
% lb. chicken
l
llargeegg
...
.
lb. sirloin
ans (dried)
fi
dry oatmeal
1S "'. peanuts
&olb.eheese
piece butter
.9
.9
2.1
.3
12.8
.".96
11.9
16.5
1224
1564
1811
1S14
1858
16.1
1.3
80.5
94.3
70.6
83.0
58.5
63.3
43.7
62.6
87.0
70.0
65.5
54.0
33.2
1.0
1.8
12.6
3.5
7.2
7.::
1.9
.4
.2
.3
.2
10.8
.3
1.4
1.8
14.7
.1
3.3
5.0
4.o
.5
22.3
.1
9.3
16.1
53.6
22.5
59.6
10.1
67.5
100.0
19.5
18.5
l.o
25.0
10.9
2080
3450
.2
.2
.7
2.5
3.9
7.4
0.9
n.i
289
302
314
417
960
beef
read
Via lb.
72
104
159
170
210
214
1.2
1.0
4?.
-.;
1.3
States
81.4
15.0
.8
foodstuffs,
.9
20.0
.7
7.0
world
.3
.7
.8
waii.
,,
29.1
34.0
84.0
(lnn
from Siam.
1.5
att n
napoleon, which
as a
merely
'
among
the
food
arc indicated
Tltat
table"
"all
is
by
roads
true in
war
as
to
the
dinner
well as peace,
P e PP er
""'
All these
.,
appear
contributions
,,.,
(<>,]
of
their
realize
scarcely
mankind
we
maticallj
24.5
he
funda-
however
is
orific
mental
rice fr
.
11.2
12.8
5.0
2.0
Brazil, tea
.9
6.9
12.7
Italv.
.,
.,
.9
35.0
11a-
from
..
from
from Japan,
.5
,,
from
ol i\es
...
coffee
.7
the
"'
accessories,
.,
sor
known
'
res<
for
pineapples
29.9
25.0
41.6
2o.o
.8
fur-
depends
it
the
"l'"
.5
sources.
able to
is
Refuse
.4
United
the
and
this
as determined
by
and instincts is an irreduminimum which cannot safel) be
fraction
racial habits
eible
replaced from
am
other sourct
li
admixture
of
the
is
how-
supply by the
alternative
cereals
THE
298
AMI-:iUC.\S Ml
barle]
of
Our
are fully
end
task as a nation
first
that these
minimum
to see
is
The Indians
to increase production
what of
diminish
and
is
to
The wild
hotels.
New York
Astoria,
the
form of
in
ment
dressings.
all
is
wasted
in
the
home
This
kitchen.
to-
$700,000,000.
The Chinese
City.
exhibited was
rice
make
needless waste
It is
Hudson wild
it
in the exhibit.
countries,
SETM JOURNAL
present principally for "scallops," but
United States,
cheeses, and
There are likewise shown,
sauces,
Yamei Kin,
preserved
fish,
the table
At
may
saving
material
be
In cooking,
obtained
in
zoology of the
invertebrate
Mu-
seum.
We may
be
and
learn
American continent.
The
tireless
shown.
constructed
in
the
The purchasing
factor
as are the
in
is
of goods in
home,
is
an im-
household economy,
the
utilizing
the
cactus
and
other
local
supply even
by pro-
longed boiling.
and pestilence
In
have always followed in the wake of
war.
The danger of epidemic disease
n almost eliminated during the
bas
Our
diet
is
All around
is
an abundance of poten-
tial
unutilized
foods,
of
in
'eitain kinds of
to
menace of famine,
yield
to
too,
is
The
certain
to
knowledge as
tively diffused
fast
the
hamlel
little
France
Eyiies,
tety
Charle,
o)
Sorw
The Dawn
'KAMA
By
T.
I).
of
IX
(<)( K E R E
A.
Zoology,
I
W e comIntrodm '<' to A
mniih ili\ ide the human period into the
t
historic
is
and prehistori*
considered
which tradition
main
records
:ii
The
day.
historic
which
thai
presenl
to the
thai
be
to
is
of History
THREE ACTS
I,
oul
worthy deeds.
>t"i'
man
by for
as they
The
years rolled
man
of the
Lmazon.
The
still
remoter forests
re-
I.
University of Colorado
concerning
the
oJ
utionary
progres
roken in the
historj
proper, the
marking
Discoveries
salienl
events, did
ool
intervals inventions
to
dispe]
ories,
the}
were
no -
nsi
from
There
is,
tlii-
matter, and
thi
rapid
re-
riistoi
dition
the recor
There was
-
withoul
.'
o history
man
effe<
thai
they
on the
length more
it
historic events.
to sensi
The
mammol
hhI with-
Ming
Fairfield
ribe
birth of tin-
Osborn
was
bul
produced
long
human mind.
\i
the flow oi
of
their existence.
'I
rare
possible in
ii
pasl
withoul
so
t(
as.
garding
Ai
<>i
exist.
!!'
lines
firsl
the
human
affi
J cam
I.
rn
Fran
south* rn
is
slain.
fail,
And
Duk
[leader of hand].
We have slain
The hairy mammoth, and
Will keep us
beast
cro-magnon people
with group of
e,
Ela.
What
When
all
his
meat
all
Duk.
and weep,
While in some forest glade
naked bones
their
fell,
Zun
The foremost
little
Panck
life
And
ELA.
if I did,
'twas theirs to
Has
know
[wise
from
man
of tribe].
day to day
flowed unheeding on
The stream of
way.
mattered not,
Who
its
The
in the fight.
The Men. Ah
Zuk
Bring chisel,
[artist of the tribe].
paints, and on the cavern wall
We'll paint the scene, that in the days to be,
Ela.
while
For he was
must weep
mine own!
On
all
Introduction io Act //.The animals live the lives for which they are
it can scarcely he said that their
Man,
K iw lis exceed their performance.
lips of
purporting to
among
represent
cide to bring
man,
especially primitive
a creature
is
He
of unfulfilled promises.
is
capable
of he
One
to
human happiness
failure to appreciate
man's inability
ers.
Through
in general
what
is
to realize his
long
ages
is
and
the
possible;
own powthe
Cro-
and with
little
condition of things
in
progress.
is set
caves, primi-
This
forth in verses
praises give.
discussion
They
fitted;
him
man
and
de-
finally de-
man may
'
THE DAWN OF
Act
ThehalUofH,
II.
Fhret
The earth
First Angel.
,,-.
is
I,
A.NG1
EIIST0R1
ilk togethe
peopled by a
To
m;u
and
is his,
sa\<
all
this
wondrous
To Btruggle through
the COld
keep the flickering flame of life alive.
Ami
bet
ei.
V.uEi,.
8l
live
For
Second Angel.
boast
The world
301
man
this
thousand years
fifty
has trod
The same
Why
Third Angel.
fate of man
When we have power
matter
to set the
straight.
When
we, descending,
may
Until,
The plan
First ANGEL.
is
may
good, so we
serve
and as we
tell
man
i-
blind indeed.
Man
First Angel.
is,
way
To higher
Acl
.1
story.
nt
.1
powi
light Of
ige
How
..
ire
Intruding
from on high
nun ignorance
put
to flight
these
is
sh
I,,
The
,1,1
...ins appt a
fell
mammoth
.1
Is
killed!
of sttengtl
Of
,,11,
.-.,-,
How went
Who
When
To
Tin
III.
The
Second Angel.
.'
We
First ANGEL.
I
The strength
Cave Man.
it
Know
know
\oii
have to strike
blow.
I'
it,,
And
net,-
see
First Angel.
well,
just befell.
mean
did not
'.>-'
No man
Will
Who
And
Second Angel.
it is
(That's
win
to
.'
Cave Man.
With seven
man
me explain
devil out of
Second Angel.
Let
another
thing:
love the cave's protecting dome:
let
us bring
The tidings of
a better home,
In city streets there shall arise
piles of caverns made by man,
The roofs ascending to the skies:
And all this wondrous plan
Shall crowd into a little space
A million members of your race.
Vast
to
roam
To
to
any bring
science then
Who know
its
birds
distress:
We know
Cave Man.
We know
we
power
fly.
Has
\imI
Max.
and hard we
strive
I'"
We kmm
not
The
earth, though
it
is
ids
alone?
die
('AVE
well.
We
To make a
why
Cave Man.
world,
To
To
You
The gain
First Angel.
We
the wall
What compensates
You
l:.
lit
we
fail
Man
today
is
midway
in
is still
travail
WITH REPRODUCTIONS
let iu give personal care to the wild Bowdisappearing through reckless picking and uprooting. Possession in tin hand
i a satisfaction, but if we stop to consider
there is a greater satisfaction.
All the beaut; of Held and woodland, the color, the fragrance, the song of birds, the wind
these are our possessions
We do not need to imprison the wind or kill the liird. We do not need even to own the land on which the Bun shines and the flowNo power can dispossess us in this heritage or remove us from this intimate relation, for by right
-:>!<-
The
with the
tincl
punction,
,,f
in
for, like
q,
~ '
g a
.2
S =
?|
is
1 = S
SI
II
s
|
i
a
e
J '"l *S
IS
| ? -d J
~-
11
0-
i 1 3
i-
* =
g g
r ~
<,-;;
3
1 |
fe
=
S |
it
,.
<Il.llll-.i1l
jii'^;-=ni
fl||s|l*il
-2
J,
~ S
g g
o i
LU
tj
J."
o
m
1 =
s
.5
&|1
lilt
e
2
-
-=
11
- i-
~ ~ *
1
"I
"
i
s
-a
|a
* I
g-g 8
-=
* s
I
|||
1 1 s" 1
I a 2 5
;nfse
a= =
=:==
S _
"5 '
<
g I
'E
.-a
f,
*lj
III- 1
S.
I r
I
"8
11*
| g 8
'f
ifi J
1^
AMERICAN WILD
Our marsh
IRIS
Un>
flag
< i-
"fleur de-lis"
or
sicnlor),
"Fleur-de-Louis," it is the
national flower of Prance and
perhaps something besides
[
cultivated
the
be
should
America
so
this
popular
in
summer
of
flower of chivalry,.
always
be
partial
Self-pollination
by
both
the
is
to
early
pollen.
to
blue.
prevented
position
the
cross-pollinate
Bees
blue flag.
of
the
and the
maturity of the
a bee alight on
Watch
leaflike roof
route.
Butterflies reach
nectar
same
"tongues"
all
Many
other.
moved
woods
make
lack
garden from
marsh,
cannot
because of the
the
to
or
seeds
their
of
insect
agents.
except
well
the
of
years
fringed
erect
past,
thl
have stood
purple shadows of
orchids
like
the
purple-fringed
/,; phariglottit
without
orchid
grandifiora
transferring
the
decorating their eyes
.mi] heads with sticky pollen
masses again and again
pollen,
THE SHOWY
These fairest
of
LADY'S-SLIPPER,
(Ct/i>rip<>(!iitm
and the stemless pink moccasin, are certain to he among the first of our wild
flowers to become extinct. The showy lady's-slipper may grow in the darkest, most impenetrable part of the
tamarack swamp, yet one ruthless hand after another is sure to find it out. The right conditions for this
species are found but rarely, growth is very slow, seed making is not always successful.
Such plants should
no longer be picked. They should never be used for classroom study in any grade of institution. Some of
our native cypripediums might be domesticated. It would be good to study the question of domestication of
wild flowers, instituting a system and fashion for "wild flower gardens,*' with supply stations for plants and
seedlings corresponding to our nurseries and hothouses for cultivated plants
per, the small fragrant yellow,
310
flj
,ngs np.-n
The species seems to be an isolated record of a previous and more simple state of
flower and the seed pod not twisted; if it is this, all
I family, where the lip was above in the
These beautiful -mall orchids should be eliminated from all
intermediate forms have become extinct
.PT.lv for botanical study in schools
oil
312
velvet texture
like tuber)
from the air of the soil. The work is done by millions of bacteria which li\. in minute protuberances
on the roots. Farmers are learning to enrich the soil bj growing clover or cowpeaa and ploughing
the cropi under, or the; alternate various crops with some member of the pea famCj
also they increase their clover, bean, c.r pea crop tenfold or more by wetting the seeds before planting with a cul
;
313
among
31C
FLOWERS
Beechnuts, though most delici
explored for the beech treei
IN
will be
walnut,
storj
to
grail
chi
(keeping
gather
il
nitl
one
cul Ion
.it.
the finest
of locust, or
I
..f
annual
,,f
ro]
their kind.
Then multiply
this
either case a
will
'
Wmr
"
Weird Diseases
of Africa
WALTER
By
I'r.'M'Irnt
..["
\,-u
lli.-
FROM
tinent"
home
lon-
Modern science, especially medical science, now teaches as thai the minute,
even microscopic,
less
life
of
Africa
is
no
individual
toms these
unfortunate human beings infested bj
them are equally weird and generally
extraordinarily unpleasant.
Alany of
the diseases produced by these microscopic
have
parasites
physicians-
at
least
been
as
known
far
as
to
their
ami Harvard
those at Liver]
University, made the nature id' these
important diseases clear to us.
In the slavery days in America it
was noticed that often in a shipload id'
like
slaves
and
number would
the
in
sicken in a peculiar
way
!"
roused only
with great
diffi-
They refused
culty.
died.
>ther
1,1
containing
them
M.-.ti.-iii..
taken into
germs mul
the
as
the
inti
ation
of
evident.
Enormous numbers
parasites
(trypanosomes) are
apparently aim-
is
the
rushing
seen
about,
knocking the
lessly,
about like so
wonders that
blood
corpuscles
in his
blood.
W hole tribes of blacks in Africa have
n annihilated by (his disease and. as
one of the methods of controlling it, it
I
ol
iimpartial.
he sure -he ha- given u- an illteili-
'J'o
and
:.
two
Site
Hi.'
called
Two
tli.-
sickness,
the
of
A. :ulrin\
host "
there.'
When
JAMES
B.
York
'
host-
mi.
In the
the
;m- ;ilw:i\s
in. .ii.
t-..t-..
n.
.if
flj
i...
,ii.-
is
I,
tlir
Hi,-
I.
sum.
trypano ome
the intern
is
:;t:i
ought to lead
us.
Then
existed.
it
bores
its
way through
com-
to a successful
accessary
might
and
nent
so
necessary to
most or
kill
game animals
in
all
of the wild
terrible disease.
One
cal diseases,
mon
in
asis.
is
filari-
filaria.
ing from
it
able little
worms
until
amount
of fluid secreted in
its
salivary
known but
is
injected
it is fair to assume
would not need to inject
he secretion when feeding on bananas,
as banana juice does not coagulate.
along with
this, for
coiled
up
to-
gether.
From this point they send out
into the blood current every evening
innumerable broods of young which are
takes from a
mal as the
activity
The mosquito
mosquitoes.
bites,
and
In the
contains these small worms.
stomach of the mosquito (the intermediate host) the parasite goes through
certain definite changes or metamorphoses which are just as necessary to its
complete
life as
great
many
from
insects.
skin or shell
First
in
it
which
and
escapes
it
has
is
mosquitoes,
useless.
U7-.7/,7>
When
ll
ted
of
worms have
parent
the
lymph
large
.i
leg
/;/.-7-.'.l
raising
have started
in
we
in entire
find thai
large family,
disregard of the
comfort of their host, they have completely blocked up the vessel, and
ed
[i
<
hroni
below.
The limb
whole limb
becomes of enormous size, and
supposed liken.-- to hi shap
then
from
less
slow
its
leg
of
is
When we
"elephantiasis."
tropics,
especially
in
Africa, and see as one often does
a
person with enormous enlargemenl of
one arm ami hand or one leg and foot,
we may be quite sure that it is a ease
now
the
in
malaria,
like
It.
be pre-
to
i-
toes, the
There
another species of
is
which
ma
r<'\
Qg
it-,
ties in
the
il
in
soi
it
"ii nt ry.
'
them
leads
this part
to seek
il
of the body.
In
bem ath
its
'
site's
find
\ frii a,
l-sucking
hi
to
eyi le.
man
to
common
thai
skin,
where
filaria,
in
transmitted
is
worm
of filariasis,
tropica]
called
travel
32]
the
se-
the base
vessel at
"i-
Mine A
OF
>'/>
of these organisms
all
we
behavior
methods
even
and their
wonderful
Nature's
sei
the
successful design,
the guinea
nown
four
very
of the male
slender
attaining
in adult
diately
lengl
feel
life,
is
worm,
",,.
found imme-
grown
fully
it
its
host,
tation
their
irri-
dis-
to
way
the
it
has caused
host.
The
life
for
\T a
thai
th
for us
a ith
to
us
hands or
else perish
who
our
intellects,
for aid
to
for
11
us,
therefore, to use
our only
si
In
much
taki
:
lai
as
Nature's
musl
but
looks
others
much
tlii- ti
jn-t
successive crops.
ability
children
fore entering,
and through the minute aperture extrudes countless minute young or larvae,
P-\
hosen
in
has probabl;
It
ii
lower limbs.
when
female,
in
filariae,
real
disease,
science, which
weapon
and
to
in
turn
offers us the
made
the
many
edible varieties of
a valuable addition to
Wild Mushrooms
W
By
ILL-] A M
Director of the
assistant
Til
question
food
present
the
at
foods
Ne^
as Food'
M V
A.
R R
forms until
edible
harmless.
If
valuable
at
if
the pub-
rank poison.
knru
lic
enough about
them.
the surplus
\a-t
winteruse.
the
might
in
canned or dried
l'
for
phenomenal.
due
is
to
their
stei
as to the
well
as
vth,
Their nutritive
very
nut
use of
being aboul
great,
for existence
dible
greater there.
is
and poisonous
ate Letter
known hv
all
pie.
lnna n
almosi
<
for a botanisi
is
all
wild
The
possible with
way
of
a-,'
i
'i
im
population.
lnall\
Bvi
excellent
All
known
in
in
r
which
in
tin- country
Eon
gO
feu
hut
should
it
no serious mistakes
that
he
lie
made.
Pale
Yellow
( 'oral
Mushroom
Bushy, seven to fifteen centimeters high, five
ten centimeters wide; base thick, fleshy,
"lute. iliviiliiiL; :ilnu|.t h into a dense mass
of en .1. pa
vellow branches, the i]
deeply colored but fading with age; flesh
l(
mushr
in
occur-
woods
In
during
collecting
might give
for
heautiflll.
rather
abun-
warm,
it,
the
wel
base
which
insects,
hole plant. 2
in
kllld-
kind-
on ac-
bieflj
the
to
should be examined
mushrooms
i
l>\
distinctions:
weather.
ti
i-
difficulty
tine
dantly
classi
owing
task,
sible
res]
scribe
is
mar
may be
Eruil
with
to
te
and
in a
\en
proved
Any
Fresh
are
beginner, he
is
an abundance of
other-
one
an explorer
like
I,
Botanical Garden
v<>rk
to ;;-
are different
from
Europe.
Nome of them
a delicio
are know
to be poison-
ne
The
oneself
tllustratii
colored.
Tl-
tipped brani
oi
to
known
igraphe !>
tl
rarer
similar bul w
red-tipped ' lavaria
i-
has
red
MUSHROOih
117/./'
mis. although a
mushr
other mushrooms
Coral
ter.
as
may
summer
late
are, or escalloped,
FOOD
lemon
little
growing
nizing
time,
autumn,
or
in
habil
of
one
in recog-
It
it.
owing
weather
[ts
tough texture. 1
to its
Mushroom . Convex
nearly
or
until tender.
sis to
twenty
ributed
thin n
in
Is
dis-
hroughout tem-
'The cap
n scions.
is
large and
is
more or
above.
loss
variety,
from
the
Ii
another
in
brow nish
is
by
its
colored
much used
in
mild
tubes.
Europe,
foi
use.
this
i-
i-
is
to
baked
in
il
to ex-
In
Hungary,
of
elm
it
cultivated on sections
is
The
logs.
confused
with
mushi
sapid
tinguished, a-
proper!
its
ies
they
but
masses and
that
use as
tender
caps
I.
I'
in
such
lacl
large
ogni ed
rei
recommended for
The young and
should
slowly
in
readily
so
they are to be
general
leasl
occur
are
dis-
are similar.
is
country and
this
in
it
for
be
selected
saucepan
and
for
at
twenty minutes.
firm,
>.
valuable, ol excellenl
species.
rich
gh,
it"i
confused
easily
strigosi
be distinguished
differently
ies
is
maj
Boletus
bitter
and
flavor
and
It
stem
the
unci
especially
reticulate,
one
In
ne cluster,
ma\
Ii
be
among weed,
fields
is
flai
with
r,
and
dangerous
found
or long
thick.
ould
ery
careful
in
pii
ti
pecies
yellowish
itt,
brown
li.-i
vine.
and
spores;
l,|-i,
I.
certaii
mil
2%lfli
and the
iolet
parts
should
species.
of all
its
or lilac tint
distinguish
it
In large, ma-
bricks
cies,
:::
therein.
suitable
of
and
soil
conditions
the
in
of
growth attended
This is the mushi
to
market, either
cans.
ens
its
less-
"Perplexing" Hypholoma.
for
Convex
tinto
nearly plane, clustered, five to eight centimeters broad; surface smooth, dry. bri.-kream colored to
COlored to bay. the margin
ochraceous; flesh usually of mild flavor.
sometimes hitter, white or nearly BO, becom
ing yellowish with age; gills sometimes
slightl] greenish, and finally purplish brown:
stem straw-colored above, ochraceous or
reddish below, six to ten centimeters long,
five to seven millimeters thick.
<
h.i
young plants
get
to
it
themselves to
one species.
ii.
fungi
collect
taken
usually found in
in
pel's.. n-
M.>st
of the
common mushroom
tons" of the
may appear
mushroom
in
at the
Woodlands.
,-A^v of
beds.
Ink-
in
It
size.
in quality,
is
ies for
s]
mens
food,
fresh
i-
si
minutes.
thirty
Soaking
foi
in
al
least
water with
late
in close clusters,
tained
t,,
face
five to
dry.
when broken;
gills
white when
young,
brown
low grass in
rain-
The "spawn,"
latitude.
portion,
upon
is
the
hidden
dead
or
in the soil
it
it
in
As
appears
usually he ob-
to
deliques-
its
must ! cooked
and feeds
found
is
verj
collected.
Shaggy-mane.
At
oblong,
first
ex-
a-.
centimeter- m .liam.-t.-i
surface shaggy,
white, with yellowish er brownish scales,
tinged with lilac in places, gravish black uu
the margin, blai kening with age: flesh white,
tender, of nultv flavor; gills white when
foi ng, banging to pink, then to black,
finally melting away into an inky fluid;
spares black; ring white, small, movable "i
slightly adhering, often falling away at an
-tag.-:
earlj
stem slender, smooth, white.
seven tci twelve centimeters Inllg.
six
The shaggy-mane
on-
object
though
it
i-
'Tic United
organic matter
may
Owing
haracter,
soon after
silky,
it
it
,-\
panded,
common
in
mane.
cent
Convex
an excellent
is
quite
i-
Common Mushroom.
ink-cap
little
The
In collecting this
young and
very
n- late appearance.
ton
I'.-
mi
i- a
lawns
verj
in
not always so
States
l'
e,
Department
iii
autumn,
abundant
al-
as
ol Agriculture
gladly furnish informs
w int.-r rimntli-
-ra-s
ill) everywhere among the low
room usually on the market, fresh or
must lip taken not to get young plant
i
Common
Hi,
raM.rn
pasture puffbaU
I'nited States in
MUSHROOm
WILD
ire h
pecui
and decided
singh
rarely
to attracl
fails
i>
lli-l-tll.lc
I1IM-1
colors,
often eaten
llf
raw
'
1<
Eor-
l.\
quantities
-nli-
in
in
in-
then
sunplv.
It
Tin
loose
rich,
weedy
an
'S
places,
importanl
requires
,kl
little
-\ iuu'
i
from
differs
nass
in-i.l.
-urriiiuiil.il
vliil.-
III.-
cooking, ami
i-
liow
Tin- stem ai
puffball.
iir*
by a layer of jelly-like
puffball
in
lii.
broiled
I" -i
soned simply
Large,
rounded,
i.r.
five In
lil'tcen
basi
short
tli.-
smooth,
purplish
c-nitiiiieteis in
and
gray or
whitish
This puffball
iliain-
becoming
p irplish
'
surface
tlii.-k:
brown,
brown.
nly in the
-
may
Ik-
common mushroom
led qualil
appear
sons.
Ii
its
excel-
t" be u iikn<.\\ n to
i- tlir
largest puffball
in this
which
i-
grows
much
in circles,
rarer.
ami
it
It
ha- been
known
<J0[
the Missouri
i-i
Old West
Recollections of the
THE
EO
By
passage
swift
G E
i;
man
thing
mind
today.
of
a history of
men then
of n Inch, to the
li\
were
there
and
years,
Eewer
pie
interests were
to as.
is
those
in
diverse,
less
work
For
people
tin'
tending from
up
Clark
completion of
and romantic
River
is
and
in
the
transcon
possess
Law rence,
stirring
made
the explorations
and
lead
is
of securing
n
had
it
lark, but
been beckonii
E.
the spring
in
way
their
century
an
-low
the
-and bars
to St.
Louis,
In the
attraction
was
We
can pic-
progress of the
t
he
way
in
steam-
which
and
apoted
tradert
brass-buttoned
hurrying
he boal
furnaces
made
cursions
by
men
rl
wood
cu1
to
ex-
men dur
the young
the
and depa
in
land-
the
to
come
lands.
in
New York
left
ing to see
thi
and
fur
animals
panions,
pressed
ture
he railroad.
two
Schieffelin
II.
made
1861,
and
W.
Messrs.
of
phases of plains
his
Presidenl Jef-
interest.
laptains Lew
long
In
many
fe
ot
tin
to
ordered
ferson
between
painted
pictures of
ful
1
were
period ex-
journey of Lew
tin- first
oughl
railroad,
yeai
Mosl
historic interest.
scenes
the
la
much
of
is
inhabit the
est,
Missouri
the
William de
I.
the
\\
tlie
N X E
who today
daily
>
and
ears,
G K
.*
each
ing,
of
ever;
-i
a]
incidents
the
except
currenl
of
it
aboard.
'
tb"
ho]
Spanish
pro
settle
Xorthwesl up
the
n ith
OJ
gfold
lure
thai
uts,
bui
for
all
'alil'i'l'llia.
relentlessly as ever
Recently
th<
est
famous
I
186]
fahled
gold
American M
in
posts
1861
in
mines
existed
in
few years
established.
fort
was
be used
in
the
later had
I.
led
military
the
to
ill
Few
the
place
In
foi
such forts
exhibi-
Indians.
As noun, adand verb the word "fort" had
-ihle attacks by
jective,
a
wide currency
in
fur-trading days.
chief
important place
Aii
which they
at
after
lese, that
one
in
and who
in
first
bricls
ham
1872.
the
the Blackfeet
IS
mouth
at the
of
"Chippewa,"
the
Little
finally,
lied
in a
they
set
cific
Coast.
to
When
abandon even
they
for the
Pa-
reached
the
so
northern Rockies.
Lieutenant
young
Army.
Dawson the
Andrew
America,
ing
was
travelers,
on
set
through
tire
nearly
having burned
edge,
large
quantity
and
exploded
length
the
to
of
water's
powder
completed
the
The Indian go
at
ids
lost, as
sengers.
York,
no
lost
loss
of
eight
life.
returned
crew
waited there
tor
pencil
left
New
later
to
Mission, went
reached
finally
town
the
Walla
of
Walla, and
far as the
From
way south and
made
and by way
here they
east,
reached
There was
sketches.
to
Sheridan,
Phil
is
It
New
their
of
Panama
ultimately
York.
not easy
1'or
us
now
to realize
how long
it
is
made, hut
if
we remember that
torial
was
a terri-
Dakota
to
river,
to
Fort
Benton,
up the
of the Northwest
the
furs to he sent
to
St.
Louis Wore
It
down
the
in
braska was
come
later.
state
territory
and did
Railroads
hull
team
the
plains,
still
made
its
Ne-
not
1867 six
were unknown
until
territory of
he-
years
in the
The
old
Watching the Fire Canoe. "We are outgrowing the possibility of being greatly surprised at any
mechanical marvel, since the past half century of progress in invention, and it is impossible for us to apIt was to them a great
preciate fully the stupefaction of the Indians at their first sight of a steamboat.
hoat
on
tire,
was' alive
/>
uc
grandparents was not without its threats of peril. There was tl
telope, ami grizzly hear on the way: ami especially to l.e considered
the /.i"'
in
how
n.
rainbow,
An
interpreter
a great
mj
call
imi tiling
firm purpose
neer,
tain
him
ply train
.hirins;
the
it
a fishing line,
meaning
reall]
the
lh.
calls the
patntmg by Vary
Trapper's Christmas Carol.- This painting of wolves howling around the snowed-over oabin
many tales which have been told oi experiences with ravenous droves of these animals in win-
From
the painting by
'
"r<i
Boundary Survey, 1874, which marked the boundary line between the
possessions to the north a> denned by the international convention ot
sarest boat are -Major Twin ng, who was in charge ol the survey, Oapt,
by
pair of horses,
cow, and
steer.
was
not
on
started
the
after
until
stag
between
Coast
had begun
il
bad
party
westward thai
journej
it-
dai]
firsi
Bust," and
this
run
to
long
covered
in
Idaho and
the
pari
si
men
bur
!".
ford,
existed.
in
Broadwater,
In 1874
1865
1864,
many
cosl
of
S.
small
aboul
in
kota,
as far as
then
lown the
Bismarck, North
which poinl
to
ti,,
eai
river ith
Greene
n hen
fact,
An
been built.
which
at
ia-
had
railroad
effective picture
on
lately
exhibition.
to
Can
Mr.
did
iii*i
mam
time:
of
-iieh
the
Pla
Today
"
-Nim
up
who
call
those
scenes as his
Fori
in
:-
the old
to
pictures
his
thrilling memories.
II
1876,
in
go.
lary has a
ral
a>
"I
are feu
in
bodies of troops
Indian cen
in
accompany the
to
of military posts
which
and
Governmenl
State-
to the
\\ est.
.it
he
certain
in
"'The Prayer
those
to the
ho were mui
Rainbow,"' while
the
in
es1
in
'iten.
of
mili-
mite to the
its
the aboriginal
p ipulation
The
arl
him
multitude of men
later
then
famous, mosl of
Of
?souri
he Wesl in those
in
contact with
ai
and
the
ho\
picture
they
Indian
little
crow.
Can
Mr.
were, nol
ougl
ii
as
He
to
modern
represent
wear war
real
man)
painters.
what
saw,
he
westei n and
sess a
he
does
the
of
think-
He was
Survey.
bul
and
il-
T.
lives
treasure,
number
ioned
Steele,
nol
United
the
established a
1'iit
Cary
lection
amount
lie
Andrew
Governor
Eormer
Plains, which
posts
and
Kipp,
fairly
were
George
Carrol.
the years
1868
may
builders
Mat
others.
vast
who
pioneers
empire
-on.
and
Hauser, of Mo]
hi
Pan
the
ace, h hile
scii
rong
former Senatoi
as
anion-
(one-,
Elliol
ornithologist, represented
called
luster,
I>r.
returned, and. in
compelled
necessity
stern
hi
those mining
in
Greene.
Fore,
bi
;;:;:i
laptain Mullan,
eral
Atchison
Va
teen
Indian
historic value.
and
his
life
p -
Hunting
thrills.
many:
buffalo
smaller
game
India,,
were
Boy Feeding
lil.u,
ex so
and
hunts
experiences
stalks
exciting;
///.
were
grizzly
Orow
Pel
for
part
in
He who had
them, and
recollections
it
is
joy
stirred
by
to
forgei
have one's
paintings
of
(o
ntelope, foxes,
buffalo all'
of the Early
a]
lii-Kil
i^iv.
immediately aft
months' expeditii
Black Hills of
I
al William Ludlow
1885, and in subsequent years, lie explored the region, then unknown, which is now the Glacier
Xational Park, making the first sketch map and naming some of the natural features.
Ahout lS9.i he
took up, together with Senator T n. Carter, of Montana, the question of setting it aside as a national
park, and in May, 1910, the Glacier Xational Park was finally established.
It was in
L890 also that he
ws appointed United states commissioner to treat with the Blackfeet and Fort Belknap Indians for the
cession to the United states of a portion of their land.
Dr. (Iriunell not only was connected with the development of the West in this public way. hut also ideu
tilled himself personally with the pioneer life there to the extent of owning and managing a horse and
M,le ni,-h in Wyoming from 1SS2 to ahout lHllci.
In
-ted
for
ks dealing with the early histniw of the West and with Indians
od the years following he spent much time in the Old Pawnee earth
the town of Cenoa. Nebraska, now stands.
In lsTU lie accompanied
Omahas, and otocs on their summer buffalo hunt, and some of the
his early book on the Pawnee Indians
Later he saw much ,,f the
n branches of the Arapahos,
Mr tirinnell has recently become eon
Natural History as research associate in ethnology.
1
Forestry
By B A
I;
material used
raw
in
through increased
in
ity
to the
due
produi
Eoresl
of
possibilil ies
of
I-
relief
ill
for
ree
must
1"'
studied.
brought into
appears
full
require not
onh
support
the
of
point
his
E\ eryone know
"make two
ohh one
of
skill
popular under-
also
is
the
of
first
in--
step
sis,
telegraphy
is,
then, to gain
the forest.
This
is
there
also
is
Kimu
measure,
the exaspera
know
must
but
will be
The
is
that
ng"praeI
long run.
Iii
weak.
Not only
I'iiC
we
>\'<
de\ ising
on n
d
is
pitifully
the data
lack
llle best
hii h
lllellled- of
forestn
pressure
most
Why
':
subjected,
profi
these
for
supposedly
For
compelled to spend
tl
been
has
more than
even
base experiments
to
these data.
secure
to
Because
acting togi
show in-
all
their
the w
l-using in-
acqn
public
all tin
depends
Eundam n
"practical'"results.
i" all
ledge of
;
desigm
fascinatin
and
man)
[f forestry
by no means
Tin
Heeded
an un
to
from
Pasteur,
to
tal
freedom
our
harmony
but
have
to
fundamental
':
of the natural
but
Langley, n ho studied
to
hat
bring-
l>\
anah
is
oft
bi
lifting
wireless
tical,"
bow
but
sure wa]
tn
Thus we
precedes invention.
research
Hertz; and
present
Produc-
There
public to
forms of disease
standing and
phys-
remotely connected w
is
Inn
udies
-t
others,
Resean
play.
to the general
ster,
hese
and
agronomists,
ts
upon the
soil,
owe aeroplanes
hitherto not
Is
of timberlands; sec-
];
object,
management
of
iologists,
first,
ren edj
in
.Moo
is
<i
ip
science of
influence of
van
re-
ing de-
for
forestn
ing
methods
lands as
fell
and
for
in dei ising
under
Circumstances
and apply-
have,
perhaps,
made
this unavoidable.
estry
different
is
from what
The demands
rope.
in
Eu-
are different.
In
t\\
igs,
can be sold
is
tree,
even to
at a profit.
In the
from
the
profitably utilized.
of the felled tree
is
cause
is
trees can be
large percentage
to
left
rot
in the
forest,
wood
a
it
wasted
be-
it
The waste
loss.
resents not
only
costs
tually
sawmills
the
at
at
dead
loss,
lumbermen
the
ac-
but
of
this
MfSKfU JOURNAL
capable of yielding under intensive for-
measures taken
hith-
Wisconsin,
established
and
It
a staff of
has
It
vast areas of
it
government-owned
foundation
hand
at
for
in
scientific
advance
practical
forests,
id'
it
that a solid
knowledge
the
application
is
in
another
fif-
manufacture of
grade
of
tree less
ume
of
all
For the
made
new woods
demand
of
this
knowledge.
woods
at
It
of
and
end on
addition,
science.
to
In
scale.
up. so to speak.
teen
experts
carrying through
for
nt
equi]
laboratory.
American
in
Forest
Madison.
more thickly
settled regions possessing good markets
tor forest products, and on lands owned
by the Federal Government, by states,
by large institutions, and by corporareturns.
for
felt
any
results of
to
semicommercial
The
management.
estry
now growing
less
that practically
all
fifteen
Forestry
can.
value of the
fores!
ami pleasure
for
as
a
protector of
source of health
humanity.
Buffalo Bullfight
ED.
By
CRABB
D.
I'lu-
occurred
fight
Wichita National
the
in
For..-t
s.-tvir,
Game
and
Forest
Preserve,
Cache,
near
Oklahoma,
Or' this
that
September, 1916.
in
number
Oklahoma
acres there
.t"
i-
affords.
During tin- ln-oi'dini; season most of the buffalo bulls an- vi- l.i i^ainl from the herd' in
two-hundred-acre bull pasture, and here are staged some great free foi all fights. On one
occasion during a fight nearly a quarter of a mile of woven wire fence was torn down, ao1
a
even
01
in this
liison
the steel posts remaining upright after the Imlls were finally separated.
D.
Kl>.
'
nine-year-old
surly,
turned
into the
with
the
named
bull,
"Co-
with
encounter
other
rival.
ami started
victorious
his
Kerr."
"'.1(11111
September,
in
another
herd
Dog," was
field
Lit.'
m:k.
'K
large,
Till-]
the
[1
pasture that the younger Imlls of the herd killed "Quanah Parker," a twelvi
shipped hero from the Now York Zoological I'ark ami naineil in honor of the
lull
'!" n
herd, ho gave
topped the
however,
f.'u
sharp rounds,
short,
"Comanche"
agreed
t"
lei
\\
visitor savagely
A-
were
spirits
"John
ii
difficulty
thrashing
in
then
head,
thumping
time than
In-
hump
feet
in
sh igg;
sp-eat
ami
wallowing
his
kicking his
resuli o
ig's"
tossing
pi iously
nol
"Black
frighten
with de-
bristle
t<>
fiance.
violently
This
the air.
for-
were coming
sounded
mum the throat
had
as
if
they
of
After
tin-
loss
unwelcome recept
Dog" repaired
panting "Black
farthest
side-
the afternoon
regained
In-
when ho
hail
'
tli.it
formed
tin-
his
wrath
heart
nucleus of
tin.
only
the
el'
il'
herd,
of
but
the
world.
whol
wi
the
Early in
of the pasture.
in
Wallowing
powerful
brute
in
in
the
dead eardust,
the
hi- eyes,
ami
toss
hi
n|>
of
The eight-thousand-acre buffalo pasture in Wichita National Fores! and Game Preserve
with pari
coming to be fed (photograph made in January). (The woven wire fence, six feet high and
is heightened by two wires above and supported by large oak or steel posts
the herd
worsted his antagonist, this powerful live car ,ihl luil'talo has
eight thousand acres and a herd of eighty-two buffaloes
\
t.een
ahsolute
monarch
BUFFALO BULLFIGHT
.1
short,
horns,
stout
instead
being
of
34.3
but
u bat
at
fear-
ful
When
the
sensitive nose
Vicious thnisl
way.
was followed
skillful
bj
fast
fell
and heavily.
"Black
and
for
was unable
ciless,
kept
to get
too,
up with him,
seconds "John
Kerr"
The
veteran
ahead,
Dog"
several
seemed
fighter
bul
his
to
victory
feel
adversary,
who
was
"Black
the
play,
into
far
is
cosi
ward about
quarter of
Dog's"
born- tore
his horns
thick
old
the
is
blood.
lolling
fered
hopelessly whipped
Kerr"
with
charged agai
Ids
nimbly
bis
n
horns.
warded
push his
Dog"
horns.
the
off
"Black
ime
on his
Dog" tried to
adversary backward by means
Finally "Black
that
Dog," with
side-,
of-
He was
and "John
Kerr"
Even
to tins
eighty-two buffaloes.
blows
bide
bull's
eight
"John
Finally
more
Kerr's'"
ell'
still
"John
the life of
n.inb
bad
lie
hei
angry, and
as
a mile.
1-
hermit, and
;i
absolute
thousand
".101111
over
larch
acres
and
Kerr"
realm of
a
a
herd
of
tomorrow
bull
erful
jusl a- be
herd
will
The
new leader with the
may have
advent
of
"John
Kerr"
this
coming
season,
and
have
passed
into
will
DURING
many
while
the
tin-
through
nine
failed
and
made
be
they will
that
those of Alaska,
as have
available,
when needed
in
the future.
so
of dog
On
wall Island
alone
the
map;
also
means the
travel
spi
heretofore
recorded,
just
Land
M:
east,
not
the least of
ell
the
visited
north,
successful.
very
trip,
1916,
"Spring
Reached Finlay Land. Mapped unexplored
shores North Cornwall. Museum records left
was
islands,
five
tics
'
compelled retreat."
with
days'
that a
wolf, caribou,
Island.
miles
statute
return
was made
The
in
confidently of success.
out
many
in
about
increased
many
details.
L916
failed
satisfaction
was
cablegram giving
1915 and
second
The
relief ships of
reach
to
The
Etah, but
E.
Dr.
Hovey
Comer, of the
first
Erom
boat.
adequate supply
August, 1917."
of
an
The
trip to
I'inlav
food
Land
Museum
ical
346
until
over "e\
cedent
1
last
to
passe,
Bociet]
and
niv<
itj
of
Illinois.
ship.
they will
lie
methods of living
for
clothing,
"Neptune"
an
meat
anil
food."
for
The
pedition
has been
The
heavy,
lint
the scientific
commercial
and industrial advantages coming from it in
Hie tut me, are more than sufficient in value
ivsults,
added
to balance the
the
to
possible
monetary expense.
Dr. Harrison J. Hunt, surgeon of the expedicarried the cabled letter from Etah to Copenlie is returning to New York soon.
The perilous journey across .Melville Hay and
southward along the western coast of Greenland
InHunt was accompanied
was made bj Bledge.
by Mr. W. Kltucr Kkl.law, ^eolou-ist ami rcprcscn
tative of the University of Illinois, who also will
'
tion,
hagen, whence
an
to
The
:i
is well known to
ITpopularize
who have
nil
BOOK OF (JHKAT
student
from
word
dense the
beginning
Ti
end.
to
il
in
ic
value of birds in destroying
insects which attack our orchards and
gardens, but the truth is considerably more
vivid after reading Mr. Pearson's pointed
amount of information
compass and make it also
an
is
knows how
this
season
it
His own
but
art,
enthusiasm
also
so
is
minati
tion that
to
.
strong that
statements.
art.
possesses
birds,
it
it
removal of diseased
both
tyro
ornithology
in
bird lover.
lai
ge
twelve chapters
its
in
field
we
it
how
learn
by charactei
is1
movements of
i"
gi
stud)
birds
blinds,
study
tin' stoi
as
full
Imw
and
fascinating
liniii'st n
and
of
fate
ns
We
of
thai
of
in'st.
the
of the
In the storj
humming
bird
flight
across
out
'iit
of
ml
ils
the
Gulf of
the
atti tiding
birds,
with
ns that
n inter
is
afield;
ndant then, so
that
is
is
not
bed observation.
alone
in
bird
if
life
mmi
which
NY
to
himself
learn that
rce,
reates
together
Is .
md
'
with
its
present status,
'''"
The history
im use
the public
in
growth
the
in
have
renewed
list
of
the
followed
is
"Junior An, In
particularly well
i-
in scl
work.
It is a volume
prove most useful to all who are
interested in acquiring a greater familiarity
"iili the habits and activities of wild
birds,
which
will
to
whom
the wot
still
doing
tics
Id
form.
supplies
he
ha
such
in
Mr.
already owes 30
urable g
in
information
readable
id
arson,
Pi
mm
foi
and
is
greatly
""mis
the hun
ilmost
|
man
feathers
terest in the
tions
Pearson.
tolls
The author is backed by all naturalwhen he says, "All birds have their part
in the great economy of the
earth,
and it is a dangerous experiment to upset
the balance of Nature." The harrowing tale
of the slaughter of thousands of our most
beautiful son- birds ii
lei
to
si
fet
ussed by Mr.
<
sky,"
rea
play
rustling
the
all
ists
to
genera]
through
are but
Mexico,
he
like
birds
bird.
the
of
faithfulness
Birds,
to sickness,
the
bluebird's
are
u hull mtiii-
lit'.-,
sorrow
to
proximity by erecting
locate bird ne
and
to
liinl
im
Seld
vai ions f
ad species, bow
Particularly
us nf
of
close
in
them.
num. Through
ii
to
the
greatest
entertaining
in
I.
how difficult it is to
way thai the advanced
('IIAIOl
E
and attention is called to ways
which we may hel]
feal hered friends.
Most people are in these days aroused
tried to
science
write in such
Book
Bird Study
all
to
dray
gentle
onservation of what
tl
to eonsi
life
wild birds.
in
we are
Nature's realm
that
of our
Otto WlDMANN
,,,!*
n!
I.),,ithlr,lcni,
Pilf/r
</-
<
'mil fit n
<j
new
'ubleday,
Page
<f
Company
make food getting a vennuv problem for llie wild bird. The smaller birds gather
around the farmhouse, while even the wary ruffed grouse often comes to the orchard. 80 many are
w> weather that onlj the Stronger and more fortunate individuals of a
the fatalities wroughl bj COld
pecie
arrive.
Much can be done to bring birds about the home or the SChOOlhouse by placing food
(Feeding station for birds on the grounds of It. G. Decker, Rhinebeck,
where thej can readilj gel it.
New York)
i
closelj
Courtesy
In
pith
Mi
L91I
which
to
States
in
':
i-.-u
-.'_-
>
inaugurate
cl
la
the
-hi
tIi.
liird
So successful did
National
study,
tin
Association
with
vpr.-ial
killing
nrhicfa
histoi
kill
Doubleday
o!
Canada.
the adult-.
reds
ol
ntirelj
kill,
nuptial plumel
young
tin
tin
tem
1'p in
hunters
of
reference to
tin-
the
of
enrolled undf/r
nf
10
plan for
.'
the
a out
ol
the
birds.
In obtain
most savaf
349
The Conservation
photographs
of
Wild Flowers
rs
which stand
er, partridge
dy nearly
appeared
THERE
May
Tribune
of
ing
spring
is
unsigned
the
in
5,
A'<
York
"Now
notice:
that
Bronx
region.
Its delicate
siastic admiration.
wild
under
Bronx will be at
means death to many
the
is
not
their mercy,
a
poor
little
and that
plant.
Bail
It
to
they
love them'
The trouble
arises
the
in
from
all
probability.
'just
damage they
ability to
Thanks
botanists,
the
is
to the picnickers
arbutus,
be found
year,
Tin
Bouse
Garden
tution a
sum
spring
plants."
of
may
As there appeared to be considerable interest aroused and many questions asked, I com-
loveliest
it
since
now
New York
who had
Botanical
director of the
gave an
Xew York
Botanical Harden.
lantern
the Smithso-
lecture at
illustrated
sci
for
slides
use
the
of
Greatei
work
New York
at the
many
In
years.
ganized
Boston.
in
It
was
with
the Stokes
leaflets,
to
second,
for
illustrated
third,
lectures to
ami colleges
ere. I to schools
to
frame
colleges,
sel a
of
Deeding
descriptions:
l>\
schools,
to
be deliv
as
irbor
>aj
to
scrvation
fifth,
cooperate
to
in
prepare
set
as one of
of America
ington,
i
Wash-
in
Philadelphia, Chicago
and Milwaukee, and have had a
hing and beneficial influence in each
Baltimore,
'incinnati,
reai
and plants
i,as
ork
lonsi
of
ation
the
birds
thi
towns, and
the
of
relation
.
in all
to
prizes to
The
States.
five
been emphasized
fourth,
nited
the protection of na
in
of
themselves
to
theii
many
duplicates
free
buted
soi
its
t':n
colors,
oi
of these cities,
in
pi oti
and museums;
thi se
\:n
iri
reproduce
companicd
oi
pera
all
Nevi
has expressed
in
parts of
in all
ad
nearly
are
o:
year the S
the sa
Day and
fifteen
Arbor
in
ration talks.
In
of colored
pi
inted, thai
The
of
these groups.
all
which
Scientific St
is
tcli.
dedi-
,.t
THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL
Elementary Schools," is devoting
eight of its current numbers to animals,
birds, butterflies, trees, flowers, and school
garden work. In the May number they have
who disobey
Nature
in
lease help to
parks
of the
issued
also
of
descriptions.
New Yoik
of
with
City
may become
as scarce as
is
Mirages
RECENT
mirage
to
the
Do
of
our
native
if all
of the millions
of Greater
tanical Gahdex.
American
called
in the
on
article
to the p reservation
plants by the sign
railed
to that light,
a half dis-
tant.
lies
tiful,
New
Sandy Hook, is raised with a bright line beiween it and the water.
Frequently the two lighthouses, Romer
Shoals and West Bank, which are surrounded
by water, undergo a peculiar change of appearance, the lighthouse tower showing clearly
almost
with, and
Hook
It
two spaces
Island.
Btaten
is
very
.ast shore of
!
He
the horizon,
common
and occasionally
line
raised above
this
loom
will
bouses,
1
On
Reeds, Chester
Mirage,
ii,,
still,
Amekkvn
A Perplexing Phenomenon
Mi
-mm
.Ioi-rxal,
December.
the
in
Lower Bay
in
which
One of
MUSEUM NOTES
steamer came along
It
was
up
steamed
and then
area,
area,
for
distance
X"".
sailing
vessels
were
reflected
lower
was astounding
was.
essel
tin-
;.
per part of
is
in
hull,
tie-
to
ho\i
sei
in
lea
hi
rods.
tin-
thai
had
gO
Perkins
ami
Lewis
L.
Harry
s.
issue
Of the wax
It
all.
.at
quai
This
is
it
not
:essary to
witnessed
l.e
in
Lower
the
Ne\i
Narrows, although
fai
t'i
om
Notes
"!'
Dunham,
Harkness,
E.
<
'.
Converse,
Marshall
Arthur F.
1
vw
M.
S.
DR.
ISTER,
w.
'
1
i
Brooks,
Field,
Luke,
W
Samuel
II.
lb
Mi
E.
Ballard,
Edwin
ON, J. AliTIII
Cha.hu
Mrs.
Messrs.
and THEODORE
nt' al
,,,
the
or "Phila-
i-
Museum
la-t
period
effect
hull
a
The
They can
happened
spot.
have always
no camera hand} to
this miragi
hot
'I'l"
It
right
perfect
still,
"New York"
liners (the
lasted t"i
hour.
to be in just
very
Davis observed
similarly
nature.
in
.Mrs.
.
American
double mirage
the onlj
on
extent.
ami
line
re
This
>n\ i-
I
it
summei
At
ii.
reversed,
Mrs.
down,
was reflected
ire,
tin-
ap-
day.
ami
upside
set.
jibs,
like thi
uncommon.
not
is
reversed-image mirage
Of
becalmed.
This effect
frilled.
the
tV\\
the
especially
As the
underwent the same changes.
afternoon wore on. far more beautiful mirages were seen, for to the southeast of us
less
-ails,
nt a
sea
To
sails,
thes<
vessels
more or
off.
with their
these,
of the condition
while in a clear
through another mi-
passe.
bree
vanished.
effect
in
no1
vessel
gentle
effect
The
-till
up,
height
the mirage.
Later
again.
her length
IS
sinus, but
imes
imeh
M.i.
K.
.1.
.1
Sti stvesant
It
!'.
ii. I,,
II.
s.
I'.i
Richmond Tal
bot,
rne, P. E
P..
PANCHER No.
Paton, James
LAMPRECHT.
P.\
Charles
C.
i.KNtn.i..
Of the
El
Matthew.
it
hn-
a possible
among
Museum
the founders ot
of Natural History,
Koom
its
permanent
of the
Museum,
founders.
J.
April, 1913,
morial service in the Museum, touched feelingly upon the relations these founders and
promoters had
early
Now
Museum.
last
borne to
young
the
institution
generations
food
all
calories,
and demonstrated
his
crop.
have
the
immediate
of
attention
the
au-
thorities.
educational
Funeral
services
for
Mr. Anson
Wales
Museum
collections
the
to
but also
made notable
of
the
addi-
institution.
ing
the
in
President
Henrj
fad that
movement
Graham Lusk,
is
"The
professor of physiology
who was
University,
very
gave a
conservation
speaker,
Mr.
George W. Perkins, chairman of the Mayor's
Food Committee, was the next speaker. Mr.
Perkins emphasized the waste of our food
science
has
discussing
the
many kinds
of
them.
this
Cornell
We
eminently necessary whether the war continue for some years or end soon.
ill-.
that if
there would be no
Fairfield
is
at
made
audience.
Osliorn presided,
address
the statement
fewer than 500,000 cases of this dread disease to lie dealt with in that country. Eng-
resources,
The alarmwas
dis.ussed, anil
energetic
of
Food
the
first
address on
Resources,"
number of
tin
soldiers
sent to
Lack of
situation.
MUSEUM NOTES
n!
-T n
ill,
<
along such
tllOSe
all
ill'
ill-t
inn-
II lit
owing
physical
disability
lines.
thi
-,
,.
suggesting to
,,f
-.
may have
it
ijood
to,,,
at as
low a
in
ni
New York
woi
i,-
state P
k
I
sis
he
Karl
r.
herpetology,has
in
iol
'
M nseum.
he American
gagi
long
of
through
contracted
the
in
reappearance
the
to
Schmidt, assistant
the
member of
Commiss
rith
as a
headquarters at Ithaca.
of the Seventy
means
al
of
rvici
P.
Museum,
T. G. Hull, and
residi
s'
the
in
eat
355
porarily,
Ipllie,
In
Guard,
firs)
has
already
joined
regimenl
bis
J.
at
lol, it-
Aineti, -an
Ha
pagi
tdboo
aWi
II
War and
in
Charles
Regi
It
deals
by Dr. C E. A. Winslow.
with the pvolileins of personal preparedness
the
in
field
lii
when diffusion of
'
Loth
Uy,
Mi. Ileim
the
of
sixty-ninth
Peaci
foo.l.
Cot
nt.
At
the request
Bridgi
of
reneral
the British
ol
-.
estry regiment"
'
beinj
i-
to
a1
leoi
ge T.
Commission,
"for
ranee from
armv of the
for tin'
for
quanl
these
of u
ities
pui posi
s,
rail
are consul
mand
di
tn
being
so
to offer then
services and.
urgi ni
firing
if
I'm!
single
<
uol
lei
be
life
Let do constitution
portunity of
men of
all
broken
science
bj
to spread
is
assist
heri
bei n
in
rom
procuring
it.
pari
oi
gri ati
hi
tal
thi
In
I
he
losl
needlessly.
have
to
line
Ingland,
lives.
"n
thai
" ork
has
ol, tamed,
the
hands of Cana
talions, as manj as 75,000 men having been
a
hi
'
it
as quickly a- pos
ha-
been
employed,
soldier
o ids,
and
those that
shipping
the body,
awful
curs,,
-tram- of manhood
,,t'
the
many
facilities
is
suppl}
curses ati-
It
is
;t
scientifii
serve one's
sei
now
oft,
1m-
in
sound
of the
body,
in
war
in
the
loss
working
its
Mr. Barrington Mi
woods ami foresti f,
of
Cat
los
force.
work
that the
f
lie
James
90
bi
now
trained
-ii.
that
of
artil
they
must
go
tli,
Empie,
foi
Platts
to
the
mand
W.
of
If
iculture
for
ablest
-.
Chapin, assistant
re-ponded to the ti -t
P.
was obliged
to
in
orni-
call
for
return, tem-
"ho
Greeley,
i,
e.
ntimbei
men
in
of
years
different
the
line
regiment
of
will
ma
and
i-
be
countrj
one of the
I
latter
work.
cm
has
tin-
,,f
haps
nag
associate curator of
Mr.
volunteer-, but
pei
-pint."
,
effects
I,,.
untoui led.
instance, .and
the
!,,
'
and Prance
at.
These
out,
ii
The Ami
feel
donkej
kill
tin, -t
Hi,,
with
in.
the world ot
together
in chat
Each company of
complete working
hi
THE AMERICAN
MISI-JCM
ni-fi
if
These
sawyers.
portant,
lie.
since
are
last
on
the
particularly
im-
company,
to a
will pro-
will
way equipped
as a
rifles
and
in
every
This
fighting unit.
is
in France,
to be ex-
French
familiar with
is
forests,
deter-
New York
Botan-
in
of school gardening.
the
side
Academy
lie
made
spe-
cial
will
Board,
little
naval
re-
Council for mobilizing all the scientific research facilities of the country. Among the
I'orto
years, in which
many
of the American
made
now ready
many
feu-
Mu-
investigations.
of the
is
pro-
results
Some of
for publication.
the
feet
of
and reading,
in those subjects
needed by teachers
i
ertificate
factorily
covei
the
garden;
seeds,
in
and
fertility;
Lectures
planning
selection
tic
of
in
and
soil
the
garden.
Elementary forestry
in
will
be
di-
institutions.
the
with
The
are
supplemented
survey of
Garden,
ical
is
which
tended to Russia.
JOURNAL
Classroom work
hoped
to extend the
its first
home
in
MUSEUM NOTES
bouse
City
hi
two hundred
:;;,;
their
home
first
North
in
by means
it
years of diseouragemenl
.it'
initios
tribe finally
Eeights
came great corn growers and gradually carried the eulture farther west and north in
Dakota and Montana.
In the Southwest,
when
liiiiL'.
T.i
make
accepted the
it
permanent home
in-
the
vitation tn
its
in
as the occasion
well
A timely
teristics,
discussed,
nf
Montana
the
Through
this
to
tinctly
crops,
"'it in. nt
not
in
only
nutritive
and
soil
grain
at
native
'lis
but
fodder
also
ua
tin-
produces
same time
the
of
crop
for
leaves the
..t'
crops ->
in
not
prevailed
has
only
raised
lie
belt."
>hio,
<
rivers
,,i
ii
dians, however,
cultivated
as
man}
for
Montreal.
as
1534.
gradual northwestei
cot n
adaptability
In
to so
in
these
>
ultural
lowed
Am. a
i.
Rev.
Gilbert
in
received
in
The
many
New
the
in-
England
the Indians
bj
Natural
studies
History,
appear
will
lege
nn.!.,
Hidatsa
the
inatur
adian
hi
According to the
work
in North Dakota
Siou
of
uterprel
th.
ion
al
Of
manj
the
visitors
who stand
daily
be
fore the f
display in the eases in Me
morial Hall of the Museum, few realize thai
looking upon a purely artificial
plaster,
i.
reproductions of
ran-,
and
.-,-
onl
tirely by hand.
east
ill.
..il
'
i
articles
thi
,:
hi
be mad<
casl
the
finally
colors, the
thesi
.,
ii
and
in
ice
who began
the
report
"Agriculture
title:
ndians. an
in
v id
is
has
people
foi
corn grow
in
interest.
the colonists.
bj
they
Wilson,
I..
from
corn cultun
among
th.
fore by no
also
Museum
-an
wide
known
ible
it
create
t.i
quiries
grow
to
than
l>\
as
ing
north
College
'
a series of
farther
tatoes,
much
Successfully
!anada
la
There is now
movemi
i,
The
in
that
corn,
in
firsl
He found
'
ing
and
".'0111
the
centuries
artier observed
tinl.\
of the United
north
11
tssissippi,
proves that
where Jacques
corn-growing
them
bj
M
known
".nt ra
...mi
-t
ii,
the
ears
for
prevalent
ies
stat.-s.
farming.
al
For some
that
College.
i-
more
herefore
todaj
Corn
highly
.-Mi.
turn.
Agricultural
it
'
turesque eeren
perfect
casts
painted
with
real
lei.
Sliced tomatoes
and hard
358
account
on
production
of
their
peculiarly
is made by
molding into
shape, and then cutting into portions and
lee cream
translucent texture.
boiling
wax and
flour together,
coloring.
made
About two
of paraffin.
of
various foods
tin'
commonly
The
used.
iniied
.Aery counterattack,
111
succeeded
is
that since
Somme opened
of the
battle
the
sin-
she
has
has never
in
1912."
Dugmore
Captain
try
of the
also tell
will
women
of England,
artist,
purpose
in
men may
he re-
government work.
Prom
French
Allies.
participant
active
in
the
of
an
battle
the
Somme,
from the effects of the Somme gas injury and was obliged to give up the idea of
Captain Dugmore is
active military life.
later
Foreign
Office,
side,
everywhere
is.
certain
edj
man propaganda."
been doing
at
When
to Ger-
tire
splendid.
is
net
is
no need of
urging the
world
for
in
of
in
secured
on
the
trip
are
American Museum.
of the staff of the American
been presented, through the
Each member
Museum
has
Henry
courtesy of President
Fairfield
Os-
born, with
Hints
to
housewives to do their
bit
toward solving
food.
Work
is in
has been
scene
in the
hall
planned
that
they
has
stored
for
negatives
the
till
secured
photographs
sacrifices.
Some
do
men.
said:
appeared
when he
wonderful
his
African game.
in-
There
to the
We
coining.
unknown
In March, 1916,
which was described
almost
t..
America
Dugmore
The men
not
is
in
an article appeared
his trip to Africa
in
brigade
in tin
Captain Dugmore
today
in
the
elephant
studio
of
the
so
vast
in
their
proportions,
that
the
the group.
The
calf
practically completed
and young
bull are
(photographs of them
MUSEUM NOTES
be reproduced
will
the
in
way.
immense
\t
The "Neptune"
issue of
tall
first
sides
is
members of
see pagi
which
to the
Greenland,
the largest
is
Newfoundland
the
sealers.
Although
sound throughout. Eer
in
built in
now encased
in
remaining
and
skiii
tlir
carefully molded
-kin
half
is
The othei
hardens.
|nuir- of hnuiie, the
the skin
until
uiidorooi n v,
is
over
of the natural
of ten-.folds and wrinkles and suyee-i
ii.
U-.
he-un.
oiM
Work on
underneath.
I.
deputed
Tin- pose,
head
the
Mr.
as
conviction
carries
that
liy
\kel,\.
the
to
'-
than
t.
Mr.
which
Just noti
f... i.
ii
Akeley
the very
is
perfected
lias
the
ept
the
in
is
one of reenfoi
final
in
ing
ing.
i"'tt
required that
will
it
phants
Ii
with rock
will
all
massiveness and
majesty.
The
measurement from the eye to the tip of the
trunk is nine feet and the spread of the eat
feet
heii
the
in
Wilson
President
Cross
War
expedition
the
1
ingem
noi
purpose
Frank
Dr.
called
the Red
a-
con
in
At pn
undei
the mi mi.,
oi
L916
of
by
\!..|\
enland,
Red
of the
who returned
-in inner
'
woi
way of
die
then,-,,
the
it
in
and
ding
field
Isborn
of the
v ireless,
and
in
the ser
has
rei
who wanlisted
in
.1, are,.
,,f
the
in
of thirtj
nt
Ol
work,
this
donate-
it
al
'
At
sa<
he
'
D.
knitting
dolla
essa
lie.
eaeli
en
additional
it" e
collected
tune
the
to
own
her
a-
Red
cause.
ro
205
the work of
collei
Clyde
ork
on
sub
ing
-t ill
all
handle
Clovers,
at
-poke
,,,,
of
"V\
.1
the
American
one
-.
,1,1
C.
<
|,
th,,-.
.-
1.,,
the
grasses,
daisies,
that
blind
adult
held
City,
Fisher
Summer."
fo)
mei
spei ial
not
fi
ton,
ont> ibutes
and
:n
irpi
an
Mrs. Hei
ii
and
bag
-,'.'.
rapidly
ret
puTl basi
I.
Museum
n ho was
the
cartographic
ies.
Land Ex
by boat to Copen
n,
of
rice of the
vice
Iross a.-ti\
roi ki
the
I"
to civilization
hagen, Et
charge
name of
n ith
med
infoi
>r
edition
in
Museum have
of the American
the
newly estaldi-ln
<
)i
con
the
scarcit;
definite
for service
Iross.
'
present
the
to
The women
formed
assistai
provide against
to
tig
it
funds
a
ships,
fOI
been
has
Publications,
>i
war.
nt
<
Washington
to
rw
<
fn
arisi
ill
inches thiek in
h.
members
thi
which n
by
Red
chairman of the
as
of responding to
of the
treasure)
been appointed
has
so that
no
.
salt,
prartiially eighteen
lie
sta nd on
is
i-
phant's
is;:: she
is
ele-
vessel
relief
Land Expedi-
the Crocker
tion iu northwest
of
to be sent as a third
them
picking
for
this
"i
unity
fio
oik's suburbs
occasion
could
influence toward
the species.
to
buttercups,
11,1
ex
Liberty Loan
Bowl committee,
large
purchasing outright
percentage
The
and
subscrip-
tion already
fifty-dollar
in
is
At
ap-
pointed
elected
recent
Academy
director
of
Dr. Bobert S.
installments was
financed
The twelfth annual meeting of the American Association of Museums was held in
New York
May
City from
members representing
Begiktration for the New York State
Census for the Fifteenth Assembly District
was carried on at the American Museum.
The work was done by the fifty-three members of the American Museum War Belief
Association, under the supervision of Miss
Ann E. Thomas, chairman of the committee
mi census. The clerical assistants worked in
three shifts, the Museum giving the time of
the employees during the regular hours, and
the employees volunteering for the extra
The American Museum War Belief
service.
and
sailors.
l)n.
in
leaves
will act
in
in the
with an
2:-!,
and
On May
Museum
\\;i\
22
of Natural
History, and
the Metropolitan
;it
Museum
21
Amer-
2.".
ican
fifty
number of
large
on
of Art.
at luncheon by
meeting.
Chief
among
when Dr.
C.
H. Townsend gave an
aquarium.
inspect ions
vicinity.
Charlestown
Dr. Marjorie O'Connell, who has been engaged by the department of geology and invertebrate paleontology of the American
Museum to work on the collection of fossil
sponges as a special assistant during the
spring mouths, has been awarded the Sarah
Berliner Besearch Fellowship of $1,000 for
the year 1917-1918, beginning Juue first.
21 to
Museum
M. Bea, of the
Laura L. Weeks, of
the
same
W.
three years.
of
the
Sciences,
and
land,
Buffalo
Dr.
vice-presi-
last,
Henry
Society
of
year for
K.
How-
Natural
Newton H. Carpenter,
of
An
exhibit
New
Greater
pottery
of
the
Keramic Society of
May 6, showed
and chiuaware of design inspired
Museum from
April 25 until
Fry,
ceramics.
to
study
At the
last
design
applicable
to
business meeting of
THE
OCT 3
AMERICAN M""
JOURNAL
of Natural
History
BOARD OF TRUSTEES
First Vice-President
Cleveland H. Dodge
Secretary
Treasurer
Henry
P.
Davison
administrative officers
Assistant Treasurer
Frederic A. Luoas
scientific staff
Vertebrate Palaeontology
Emeritus
Mineralogy
Anthropology
Clark Wissler. Ph.D., Curator
Pliny E. Goddard, Ph.D., Curator Ethnology
Robert H. Lowie, Ph.D., Assoc. Curator
Hi EBEBT J. Spinden, Ph.D., Asst. Curator
N. C. Nelson, M.L., Asst. Curator
Charles W. Mead,
Invertebrate Zoology
Henry
E.
Frank
L. P.
A. J.
Mutohler, Assistant
Willard G. Van Name, Ph.D., Assistant
Prank E. Watson, B.S., Assistant
W. M. Wheeler, Ph.D., Hon. Curator Social
Treadwell, Ph.D., Hon. Curator Annulata
Charles W. Leng, B.S., Hon. Curator Coleoptera
Asst. Curator
A. L.
Mammalogy and
J.
A.
Ornithology
Public Education
George H. Sherwood, A.M., Curator
G. Clyde Fisher, Ph.D., Assoc. Curator
Ann E. Thomas, Ph.B., Assistant
THE
AMERICAN MUSEUM
JOURNAL
DEVOTED TO NATURAL HISTORY, EXPLORATION, AND THE
DEVELOPMENT OP PUBLIC EDUCATION
THROUGH THE MUSEUM
<
)ctober,
1917
"Twilighl
tovcr,
Showing
the Adirondaeks"
a new group of Virginia
in
portion of
deer
American
the
in
bluseum
of
Natural
364
Illustration-
Evolution
From
its
dl'
pi
I'rimi
li
.i
wil.l
development
tin-
to tlo-
1.
-r
in
Unique
forests of
IlListrai
ioi
"Ba
phs
tlo-
li\
California
C.
A Glimpse
advanced
389
399
cter
103
Miller
W3
IK
and
E.
.in
Leo
civilization.
Eoci
M.
,,
,i,,.
I.
in.
in
I!i
i
W.
the Bighori
anil
E.
Author
basin
I).
M mtiilu
'"
410
Notes
\y.\
r\ xtiii
Iiti
ki R--
\l
Hari Merrlam
William
Importanl discover;
Museum
Murphy
New Betlfonl
American lln
Illustrations from
Mm
tintin-
nature
Southern Bolivia
i.
',
ii
'!"
animals,
Author
Mut
its
361
unusual
Emotionally
for
Gregory
Roberi Cushmajj
K.
ne-celled
tl
Duerdek
man
of
brig "Daisy," in
ii
E.
William
Face
directing
"i
- ges of
I.
saving oilier
of
Human
the
primary objecl
gh var
Tit
365
;i
home
-.,1.1,
Sj
it
stead
its
exploration
11
in
tlations tu
four years
where
bard,
w;i- placed
New York
City.
77th
St.
tin,
FRAGMENT OF HISTORICAL AMERICArthree suininits ;it Cape Thomas HiiMninl. in tin- Arctic. ;inl is now on view ;it the
these .lavs when Americans l'i-i-l a quick patriotism at sight of tin- flat:, we ran
11.' tin- thrill that
.'am.' to the h-ail.-r of tin' Crocker Land Kxpedition when ho found the r.-il.
white, ami blue with its 01
mbroidered star in tin- distant north.
sill,
This
flag (below), now in the rim. ..I States National Capital, was made for Admiral Peary by
.".I
hi
carried on the expedition which reached the Worth Pole,
Peat] cached portions cut from it
at different "farthest north
and 2 at Cape Morris Jesup, :! at Cape Thomas Hubbard, 4
places: Not
al
ape Columbia 5 at Peal
irthi
Worth at 87 ii'. and 6. the Ions: diagonal strip, on thi ice at
the North Pole.
ti
The
trough) back bj the Crocker I. an. Expedition is No. 3, from the upper
middle section; a complete American flat: was left in its pi;
on the highest
.if
tin-
]ti
1.
dangers
FROMexploration
the
difficulties
Far North,
granted a safe
return to Donald B. MacMillan, leader
of the Crocker Land Expedition, and to
in the
of
has
Providence
members of his
all members of
the
all
expedition, as
well as to
oui
sen!
ies
safe
Captain
is
matter
of
iii.in
physical
conti
forces
ith
si
ith
vt
rejoicing to
It
interested in polar exploration.
or the triumph of the intelleci
the
the work.
illation to the
for
all
results of
and
discovery,
total
of
loss
opposing
letter cold,
Ii
i-
.1
.hi
for
mgral
years
oi
mi!
for.
<
A- chairman
lommitti
sentative
mous
veins of
oal
disi ovi
red through-
the relic- found of pre\ io|l- Arctic c\peditions. Tin- large colled ion of these
now
tele--
ou
view
al
the
American
work,
and
the
failure
of
rescue
It
i-
Cordial wel'
BOKN.
ill":
U 3s
c
Tli.*
the plum;ig-- of
bristly
tin-
Professor of
times
the
past
IN(Struthio)
E.
D U E
Zoi'ilnay.
two-toed
ranged
over
ostrich
al]
the
and
Palestine, Asia
extended
An
as
g<
In recenl times
tionable.
practical!}
Arabia,
into
southern India.
hi
distinction within
far
is
ques-
has become
restricted to Africa,
hard)
i;r;ili:nn-to\M
farming condii
ions, unl
i!
in
I'M 3
hey
nus
it
D E X
.,;].::..
of
tives
nerations the
North
Africa
nesi
of
wild
the
bird,
restra
<
bi
tivity,
ran
Fifty
exists.
tion
was
directed
strich
farming
table
proved
ms atten-
yi
first
itself
of farm life
to
in
the possibil-
South Africa.
management the
amenable
and hied
bird
to the restraints
freely,
and
in
-
An
ostrich
plumes
article of lux-
have
naturally
and continua-
"hair"
Tin-
and head
in
the
an ostrich
of
is
the
is indigenous to
has been established that the
domesticated bird will thrive and repro-
Africa,
feathers
greatly
elon-
it
led
to
its
and
and
also Australia
New
Zealand.
the bird
it
is
provides,
made
a success be-
especially
is now
Union Government.
prohibited by the
As
tion attained.
It is no small achievement for the
South African farmer to have reduced
within
fifty
tion of successive
highest
changes
in
In this
bird.
the
plume
m
t
tl
crown is well
bird became reduced
in
and
is
renders
dally
otherwise defec
the
plume
al:
the
perfection,
many
parasitic
tip or
.-!>
toward
the
butt.
the bird
is
to
have combated
diseases to
which
now
reached.
feathers
;ir.
NATURAL PRIME"
til
to ten
tiv,-
laid
dollars
to the
lustrous,
farmer.
fflcienl
full
npressivi
dition throughout
months
six
for
the
required
feather crop
;i
to
Any
imperfection
of
three
of
mal
ished
from the
clipping,
termed
">
or fourth dipping.
firs
one
half
quarters.
feather
is
or
The
an epidernour-
product,
from
Ions
alternating
represent
density in the
arc
foundation
the
defei
differences
prevalent
the
of
in
and
th,
i-
plumes have
longest
growth
quarter of an
rate
of
and
all
cylinders
jecting
of
full
at
inch
tin-
bl
sary for
it-
con-
tie
-ram.
animal
can -af.l\
It
i-
so highly
pampered
all
be said
at
existent
domesl icated
osl rich.
ption in
in
returns
feather
perfectly
crop
ally
tail,
in tinteal
successn
ostrich
crops
farming,
only
the
remain
to
on
the
three
the
until
bird
ami
deterioration
serious
in
sult
depreciation in value, as
resuli of the
all
plume
pari
the quill
soi
l-.ei
allowed
to
it
ami then
remain in the
fully developed,
i>
is
The
capil-
demands
perfection
supph
plumes
allow
to
months after
two
requiring
highesl
stant
Further,
overripe.
or
in
pro-
day,
many
I
same time,
ili.'
::;
at
least
firsi
all
the
this
in
the
rip.-,
eight
drawn by
all
hand w hen
al
months
hi.
eld
being
thl H
and invariably
feather
the bottom
at
All the
follicle.
simultaneously
.ild
ot
draw
th
.pull- being
new
thi
a-
feathers begin
i
and even
rop
,
Tin-
secured.
is
-mi
hs
to
ripen
.pull-.
i-
-<.
r.-adv
full
al-..
from the
that
the
for clip-
objecl
i-
to
maintain
feather- at the
In
all
farming, the
fi
to he
the commercial
at
it- growth,
completed by the time the bird is
-
ally
..Id.
The
third dip;
best
the
is
it
will
produce.
no
career
would
it
become
To overcome
or
destruction
its
production.
The clipping of the ripe plumes involves no more to the bird than cutting the hair or trimming the nails
that
fact
whatever
is
cruelty
involved in
sheep.
to
stant
year
association
remains
in
abeyance.
Familiarity
man
turns to aggression
at the breeding season: ami mam a
prancing cock in the full glory of its
its territory,
process of moulting.
ledge which in
all
It is this
know-
The
five
when four
or
undertaken
is
in the
by day. or
is
There
the incubator.
the
myth
hatched
l>\
In a dry
their
the sun.
el
rearing
with
Bui
he
no support for
'ii
|
in
presents
each
1
ive
tends to assert
no
difficulty.
succeeding generation
wild
itself
anil
need-
to
lie
who
has,
many
tiary
mammals,
its
nervous activities
tal.
men-
as the
ostrich
is
deplorably
desirable quality.
lacking
Even
in
this
in such remote
sitic
is
that
in the ostrich
burying
sued,
in
fact,
Group
chicks
of
h owing
thi
uvenal plum
i.-ally
alike
in
both
The chick
the
foreground
crouchii
in
i-
regarded
the origin
of
during
and quilling,
brium.
rest
lessness
is
and
hooded
are
eyes
the
oppro-
the
its
nervous
ness,
manifested by all
als toward those who
as
an-
domesl icated at
care Eor them, are whollj lacking
A glimmering
ostrich.
between
familiar
formal
such
or
the
per-. mi.
miliar
to the
and
f
and
unfa-
the
tendency
feeble
coming at call to be
more readily along
as
traveling
quented
in the
of distinction
directions,
represent
fed
fre-
practi-
capable.
even after being camped together season after season, seems nones istenl
manifestations of only
the
sim-
character.
The
plumage
supply
has
stimulated
thought
in
plumage
in
the direc-
domestication
the
of
tion
:;;:
South Africa
birds.
Ir
of
other
is
industry
mane
principles,
destruction of wild
millinery
purposes.
than follow
hibitive
whollj
policy,
he
bird
life
for
Rather, however,
repressive or pro-
would
inquire
if
render
legil
brought
rative needs of
mankind.
No
mony
erations, a high
sen
ice
humane
is
consid-
rendered the
of the human skull are homologous with those of the ape, the differences
two arising from the great expansion of the brain and the deepening and shorten-
man
Human
Evolution of the
Face
CHIEF STAGES
IN ITS
'
W [LLl
T.v
SUPPOSE
pie
you
if
mals
evolved
why did
if
all
talked to
only
ani-
but
at
one
monkeys evolve
time,
into
me
i"
time?"
the preseni
explain
it,
an insurmountable objection
ory that
man
mammals.
all
has evolved
Now
do no1
They ask
it
as
to the the-
i;
evolve
have
(i
they
men
into
not
haw
K.
monkey-like
evolution
aboul
"Well,
A M
proceeding
proceeds
kn<u\
many
su< h
ming
bird
and
as
the
mt\
same
tapir
tuatara,
little
known
us
and
which
lifii
ai
ra< es
tin
have
li\
The} arc
ing fossils.
arc
furnishes
ami by
c
,.ii
li\
which
ii.lv
That
material
li
is
for
is
-m
the dissec-
bj
of these extanl
and
Viu
tin'
mals, ami we
mains
knew from
hi
changed bul
e
that most of
live
kept
in
the
their
.'.
little
rea
forests
primitive
tt
before the
ing
li\
gre:
ing today.
th>'
delivered
he
use
or
r.f
and
backward
matomj
Belg
undering
lui
in
relics
what
to the
the
also
ages.
relics,
is
as
are
there
so
These
period.
primitive
i\
hum-
modification
greal
period
vast
the
gone very
by
progressivi
which have
hair,
such
such
differenl
there are
as
Mammals,
of
and
to
as
just
and the w
undergone
many
that
advanced
very
rai es,
Age
rates ai
different
at
times.
during the
not
of
different
in
know why
did
instead
and remaining
Little
Erom lower
men
into
a
1
York. February
to
378
mouth.
In some insects the tough skin which
covers these appendages has been modi-
foundly.
may
to the
it
and here we
factors
why have
the question
all
the monkeys
it is
true that by
the face.
we
Finally
many
see in
ordinary in-
sects,
human
we gain a
face,
mal.
It
is
better perspec-
rather
structures.
human
such as a grasshopper,
many
In
so that the
tive
Some
show
mouth.
The
face, in fact, is
mouth toward
the food.
leads
into
cavity
stomach, and
among
that serves
the
organs (tentacles).
the presence of
mi
tail.
animal,
the
skin
are
little
equipped with
These appendages
become of importance in insects and
crustaceans, those at the front end of
the series becoming modified into smsory struct uit's and also in
is
necessary at
tion.
of
etc-.)
In Peripatus,
there
there
is,
and of a
wormlike
tubercles
some
.1
the
of
make up
sitive to light at
Insects
a cuirass.
characteristics
is
the
of
anemones and
number
as
protected by a hel-
is
which
corals
head
many
cases
and
surface,
no
doubt
forth
much as they do
mean that this
I do not
with
its
muscles
the
hack and
in the insects.
fishlikc
animal
am
groups
in
response
in
sort
are
widely different
to
similar
func-
tional needs.
It is not
until
we reach the
sharks,
EVOLUTION OF TEE
of the fishlike
and
we
thai
we
vertebrates, thai
form
typical
its
Even
mals.
have the
foreshadowed
have
the
we
In -Imrk-
face of
man
mouth,
But
lips.
in
at
in-
may
the
the shark
lips in be
-.-.-
IIK'lltll
;i
-iii.'f.'estion
of
how
:n
i-
.Iriilii'li-
covered n
in
]i
ii-
in
certain
chus)
we
see
suggestion
a-
in
how
brates.
body,
studded "
ith
i>
everywhere thickly
minute
teeth, or denticles,
mouth
green
mouth
are
Dothing bul
denticles.
i1h'
b in
\i
the
the shark's
enlarged
sides
denticles gradually
of
sha-
the
become
the
in typical
higher
1
dis-
<
.ill
elements of the
tin-
The
iimitl
nli'll,
exisl
bj tie locomoti'
\Chltiwnlt.K. Inrlni.s) (inured
vertelir.-iles.
-
ami
fins,
move them)
form, with
n ith the
\\
for the
111
<
ven
i>
all
muscles which
into contacl
<
nit the
nnan
i tl
Eoi
of
fai e,
lie
exisl
for
In o
among
commerci
face
organs
mouth
ith
(Chlamydosela-
sharks
tin'
of
Hi.'
thai
In
evolution
tive
lit.-
_r.,e.
-km.
tli^
say that
urn- formed
teeth
-.
shark
tin' direi
chiefh
.'-mi-
we
the
first
upon
the
tinctly
We
in earlier types
the
eyes,
present.
all
nostrils,
we
are
face
In
landmarks of
he familiar
human
the
379
had
has
face.
mam-
WE
vertebrates
ol
influence
elements which
MAS
111'
teeth
see
energy
into
fishes
i-
action,
have
course
oi'
tin-
oxygen,
are supported bj
-
i.
importance
po-
-hark
which
it-
gills.
which are of th
in the later
\s
evolution of the
good evide
say
thai
the
evolution
of
:1m
rise
to
gill
arches actu-
the
to
lent
core
The
different
show
varieties,
al
shiny
sur-
body,
the
many
the
recalling
insects
with
i-
generated on
new
this
as
thicker
finally
to be
the
primary jaws.
face
is
that
the hard
-till
There ha\
covering of the
bony substratum
Age
he
and
reptiles
this shell of
pal-
as well as the
of the primary
modern
fully
but
fishes
this earhj
tebrate evolution
this
An
mask
lies
in
stages of
show
bone
and
mask
on the
still
si
Even
surface.
i.i
be general
dest ined
i
,n
ions
reptiles,
amphibian
to give rise
i"
the
by diverse modifi-
charai
tei istii
and indirectly
higher types,
-till
li
mammals have
facial
the
and
immediately
to those of
has the
.Ml
in
crocodiles
lies
looking
aggressive
i
and highei
stage of ver
Erom
fossil
lower jaw,
bonj
us
main
alligators
urtles the
to
great
cot
near the
very
I"
amphibians which
of Reptiles
bones
of
and
becomes
layer
sort
layer of
surfaces,
sheathing
original
the
come
new
tht ir
surface
.illy
proportion as
in
face,
skin
"ganoids," of
fishes called
all
the
of
the verte-
all
38]
the
mask of
THE AMERICAN MCSEUM JOURNAL
382
bone.
since
it
In the ab-
where
less stretched
lizard
represents a
still
mammals
or bill
an
in one direc-
face
well protected by a
and
mask
but the
Birds
horny beak
mammals have
mus-
soft
and
One
mammals,
appear.
masked by
reptiles, further
first
the eye-sockets.
The Teju
muscles
facial
of
the
greatest
ears.
gaps
the
in
of
its
is
scaly skin.
there,
any
facial
is
find
own
face.
thai
itself,
there
no
is
exact
process
The
mal,
lemur
mam-
correspond
stance,
muscles of man.
with
the
They include
facial
the pla-
cor-
which
is
ing
trumpet, as
Inn
also in
pushing
mouth.
name
protruding the
the
food
about
suggests.
and
lips
inside
in
the
The
facial
man
The
facial
in
numer-
its
This
facial muscles.
mammals
the immediately
underlying sphincter
of the
colli
it
highly
is
gradually spread
nf
the
throal
upward
and
dii iding
pi]
-llOWS
111.-
t.-lis,.
lips
,,f
layers;
into
at
V.
the
itfa
the
sub-
became
known
to
do when
Several
subdivided.
new region
layer into a
are
a TrclIIC'l ctnin
ill]
herd, of
degrei
\n\
cam ing
muscles
<ln
<
forward
This is generally
accepted bj anatomists as the true explanation of
the origin of the facial muscle* uf
'
Eai
issue
Us;:
ml m
politi
iel
in
the
liild
ith
thai
known
The
correspond
mals,
with
those
they
bul
with
Dar-
much
When
ti
Ii
do,
ii-
duced
nose
tion
is
and sometimes
re
.-I'
Less
while striv-
m.
fort.
chimpanzee,
trained
mtv hard
thread
tn
trying
Tower
the base
at
propoi
in
Now,
human
more
foetus
differentiated
nose
proached
ii-
Even
human
form
make- hv
the gorilla
human
anger
thai
-..
standing oul
on the
The arrangemenl
tn
1
have
-id.'
relation
facing
according
approach
the
of
tin-
the
of
the
In
faci
man we
difference
muscles
.hi
size, is thai
of
sei
ms
to
v.
Pi
rl
those
i-
ion
is
downward and
human.
of
Tlic hi
with
nose,
forward
with
di
an inspir1
an anatomical poinl
11;
Pro
the tip of
well-si
the bridge
distinctly
A wonderfully
of
.mil
"mi
aps
are
Th
human.
i'
betwi
man and
Australian black
li
typically
-i\el\
th
from diffen
in
foi
-li.
fn.e of the
the
haracters
man,
to
underlying muscles.
principal
facial
nose,
its
nostrils
ill.'
sha]
human
tn
tn the
arance.
se
of the n rinl
definite
ward
tl
1"
so as
am
canine teeth
illtli..
in
in
no means ap-
hj
trait.
and
decidedly
1-
human.
has
adult
a]. e-
earlier
its
stages
than
apelike
.re
babies the
so sim
in
condition
gorilla in
face
rils
is
downward, often
it-
Amen-. In ing
ha- an
needle,
and
rather -mall
of the
ing to
nose
following
Eai e
takes considerable
it
the
in
the
should be played
of
lose,
bridge of the
forward
i-
remind him
to
childly
ending below
a child
piano,
the
.ni
hun
adull
like
it.
th.-.'
he
or
thai
we
as
The
of apes
charai ters
elephanl
Hi.'
hi the
l.'n-i
that
de-
<
muscles of apes.
facial
tlic
mam-
special
w hen
of
various bats.
onlj
nol
other
in
show
also
resemblances
tailed
man
in
wonderful aboul
rerj
11.. -.'
Hi..
muscles
decidedly de-
i-
it
as
nothing
il
ii
facia]
internally
region and to
the neck
in
m.u
..t
generate,
believed to
is
th"
and
nostrils
partly
of Java
very wide
facing
partly
downward,
and
386
upper
lip
lip
and
it
stooping gait.
my own
view
men
which according
plains,
after they
and grotesque
interesting
cature of certain
human
cari-
styles of nose
is
Asiatic
name
indicates, lias
its
nose produced
tin'
more striking
to the eye
intensely
of
tion
blue
made
is
by the addi-
variations
of
Primates,
including
in
the
higher
se-
in
modern
tain
Cer-
however,
investigators,
fer to
form
downwardly
the
nostrils of
man
pointing
and
are primarily
righl
and
-ait.
open
adapted
1
to
Dr. George r
of
l'rugivorous
Stevens
the
apes
habits
front
in
in Ktterii).
This
so that the
The eyes
human
of
very
is
excessively narrow.
all
in character,
young
those of the
but especially
gorilla.
The back
of
tremely
an
that
human
this
ophthalmoscope.
human
more than
ex-
is
much
in
appearance,
of
arrangement
with
of
that
young, both of
swelling
normal
men; but
men and
the
apes, have a
forehead.
human
infant,
lias
head
much
inference
drawn by
mon
Iir.
The
were
and
from
more
panzee 8
hooded
find in the
we
lateral
the
that
eyes,
intergradations
human
Primates many
through
ments.
It
in the forests.
stage.
to
home
tral
An
human
human
may
It
so
like that of a
has
young
child.
accordingly
been
com-
men
did not
among them.
:;
Although space
my
permitted to record
inference
this
human
the
lack-
may
be
conviction thai
thai
from
form-
with
powerful
large,
is
wrong and
quite
is
very
relatively
apelike
head
evolution
well suggested
is
of
series
human
the
of
In an
skulls.
and
there
In
lihnl
man
heavy
are
the
ridges
an
of
skull
is
is
is
low and
In
i'\i Mi'
of
between
the
chim-
human
The
accordingly
in
its
hanges
which
in
in sses
top
in
form
the
in
higher
the
ol
types
voluminous and,
el
"in
the greatest
men
in
which
marked
lips
well
bone behind
with
the
already alluded
established
and with
to,
cer-
in the
It
move-
seems verj
primitive
the
as
that
at
ward
part
beneath
lips
was draw
meann
bal-
progressively
hole
\\
overgrowing
the
to
posture,
anced
backfront
hile
the
ened
i
he
vertical
in
equally
w idth
ai
'.hi
il
form.
a<
all
ami the
and the
height,
but
fore-and-aft
in
ross
and
the
short-
length
brain
case
itli
the
opposite
in-
to-
li
curve,
the crowding of
being parti}
marked reduction
the
in
size
of
Pri-
the
ioi
at thi
Tl
it.
halves
in
'
all
the direcl
tl
upper
the
of
associated
is
in the
seen
is
part
ward
front
wen-
as
of
differences
form of the
like
by the
In
be-
all
is
side of them.
th
Hi'
short-headed races of
long run
to
of the jaw
th
The
stage.
reflei
changes
skull
deepened
we pass up-
the
for
(masseter).
in
brain
brain case
has progressively
vertical diameter, as
muscle
ape-man
jaw
outer
the
intermediate
over
Australian
ing,
actly
i"
very low
chim-
adult
e3r es.
fore-
we examine
if
it.
tied
jaw.
The
hind
i
I'M E
and draw
ii
inward beneath
ithet
d "TO
men
that
SO
fast
that
nl'
we compare the
young anthropoid ape n b
young human being we shajl
find
that
may
The evolution
w riters ascribe
of
In
Some
skull
an extensive literature.
in
vise
its
existence to
tl
\-
the
conclusion,
a
id'
if
human
skull: the
are
teeth
of
the
same, both
tions
dentitions,
the
to
in-
in the
and
even
erown-pat-
the
In spite of
the read-
all
the
to
rim
of
chin,
growth,
id'
Others
jaw.
the
like
tin'
nose,
as
regard
direct
the
out-
food
in
the
habits,
be-
differences
human
of proportion
human
the
whole
has soughl
fare.
to
connect
all
these changes,
change of
profound
nivorous-frugivorous habits of
out-
forest-
habits
iif
plains-living men.
miiscles
the limits.
these
the palseontological
The forearms,
oilll
re-
men have
mote and
evolved from
as yet undiscovered
re-
common
period
of
the
Aye
of
Mammals.
in
and
From
in the ancestral
the
ancestral
man-ape characters,
human
changed
face
may
state
in
still
the
be seen in a little
Paces
of
young
i;
o B e
NEW BEDFORD
BRIG "DAISY,"
IN
L912
T c r
M A X
.M
A!
LOWERING AWAY
boal
At the word of command the cranes swing back, the falls slacken away, and the second mate
Each man takes his place,
drops I., the water, the crew following by way of the slide-boards and tackles.
ze, or the
Unless there be no bi
with the harj
r at the liow oar and the boat header at the helm.
hase made under sail
stepped and it
whales li>- to windward, the mast is s
-hip
Tin-
><i
th.
ph..t.i-i
lull.
.1 aft
aph show-
!'!.
-afil\
aw
mast and
:i>
tVoin
sail,
two
how.
the
drawn
The men
follow directions
signaled
them
the victim
lies
"i
"in hi-
lo!'t\
can
see
perch
at
movements
of
the
of the
I-...
square
-ail-,
he directs
tbc
,,i
-mall,
iround the whaleami when
hihead stretching along past the
I
in.
th.
the
whales
the
!,...!
in snutth,
lo
captain
fluking.
brig
9]
Here
the
main parts
of a small
tackle.
left
An
is
the
ward from
y
the quarterdeck.
swell, with
tin'
.Ll
i
;
Hunt
The
lir:nl
I through
:h.
tlit-sf
The blanket
nrpii
..f
whale
leg from
blubber from
flippei
t li
Jn-
1 I
I I
*:$Si=
'
thi
1\ hundreds
brush
"1'
mass
.-
to a
of
lective^
known
ale
Bhamnus
berry
and
i.
mam
toyon
i.
and
or
drones
stand
oul
feel
to twelve or
-\"
form
in
from
in
1 1
lt!
which
manzanita,
becomes
often
lena
County,
lopi
of
Ml
in the
River, and in
localities, the
Lake
near
junction
it-
other
in the
veritable
si
zanitas
But
W.
Barcla]
oi
man
a ith
tin' effect
branches ami
low
in
is
dwarf
the san
forests
form
foliage
whose
I'm'
.1
fart
l>r.
Tl
because
something about
thai
them
an
ma
thai
I
Lake
largi
their,
thing
an.
bot-
like the
because of
large in contrasl
warm
none
attent ton
tin
unted size
peculiarly
distribution
tin-
forests of Clear
others attract
tlting
ment, forming
in
forests
on
heir
ion
sun.
ami
flickering
ome proted
well
where.
witl
of
lattice
ome on
ast, some
some mi the bleak sun
manzanita
ci
an
yell
lighl
id'
dwarf
are
ma-
support
belt,
the
ada, on
>
carpeted
of con
es
Sierra \<
coasi
summer
Imt
tin-
There
siderable extent.
->.
is
affording
-.
interior,
dominant
mi
shadow
feel
tin'
"I'
roadways with
even fifteen
deep
<>(
i^
is
il
leaves
arbor-like canopy
bui in
I.
grofl
This
conspicu-
-i
ously.
in
in
dr\
nil!
in
fores!
impenetrable,
si
trunks
age,
al
ith the
ami
red branches
the
is
of
persistenci
tin-
wonderful
tin-
uature
beauty.
some
smooth
and
rees
nf
rigidity
their
closeness of stand
ilir
Christmas
representa-
and some
fool
bui
>f
extraordinary thickness
tin-
of two feet.
in
branches,
-tati' "I'
hundreds of trunks
with
(Arcto-
her genera.
ol
Owing
The
measure
limbs
diameters exceed
upward
although
height,
in
slanting
the
attain
thai
nf
.M
feel
feet,
w hose
or
bui
n ith
of
thirty
mil
(Adenostoma)
(Quercus),
Heteromeles
tives "f
man}
locally, bui as a
chemisal
oak
scrub
vi
(Ceanothus), manzanita
lilac
usually
E R R
.M
twenty-five
lull
of species of wild
mainlj
onsisl
of
"chaparral."
as
If
bushes
rigid
staphylos),
covered with a
common
trimmed
II
California
mile-
species,
of
square
"I'
continuous
C.
parts
ler
Or
is
it
own
they an
li
the
size,
with their
A GIANT
MANZANITA
Clear Lak
-
trunk*
ofi.-n
; 1
-t 1 1
t.;.k.;.-
:i
man
ihi.-kn.
402
as they
position)
Be this as it
may. they always stimulate the imagination, giving rise to feelings one does
And
widely
species,
tions
they
so
and
in
call
geographic
invite
up
of
different
different
dwarf
emo-
thoughts.
live
oaks on
low
Roan
of mountain buckeye on
Mountain in Tennessee and
forests
Leant ful
i
valley
of
Lake,
Clear
the
forests
manzanita
have a peculiar
charm, their glowing red trunks, light
and
driving-
overhead
lichens,
the
again and
foliage,
rich
carpet of
asrain.
Hart Mcrriam
ooded
hill
slope
Back
to
:u> \voi;k in
By
WISH
to
my
E.
some of
von
before
sel
the grounds of
M.
animals may
conviction that
btained,
reality
in
is
penetrating into
interdependence
between researches out in nature and
researches
method
the
progress
future's
more
life
l>\
vital
the
in
bio-
accomplished
the
laboratory
data gathered
be!
een
hose
se-
bj
sis,
obser-
mode
history
bave
am
than
philosophizing"
of
to
approai hed
will
to be
The "natural
experimentation.
<
field
work
is
very defective
the
ever
if
evi o
pretends to
hi
aring
itself
-j"
ii
greater
odor.
insects
much
contains
and
open
is
thai
disl
and
is
sense of Bmell
30
well-
to
en
La
lending part in
.1
.Jolla.
ii
ibilitie.itlir-r
in
as
,,f
"
verj
odorin the
and processes
is
to
views
sense,
thi
re
chemical stimuli.
cultival on ol
thi
sense of
upon
lopsided.
encouraged
Alertness of sight
hardlj at all.
'I
is
-m-l,
ration
ii;
yield to no one
I
work, not only for the magnifj
by it. but for tl
ited
laboratory
ingly
primarily
primarily, I hardly
in.xp.ri.i
of the methods
that
ai c
and that
depended
sight,
brij
a teaching laboratory
so,
deal substances
according
that
both
in
readily perceived
further-
Again the -
me
usually
reallj
bighly educative
and,
rj
ad-
later
lors
convinced
nol
to cultival
pleasure-yielding,
e, is
seriously
bas
are
less
an understanding of animals.
Yn the
whole province of sound presented by
many
chemisl
sooner or
will
many blossoms
birds,
bii h
matter
acquiring
for
of
ordinary
tion.
of the Bense of
analy-
determin-
for
it,
dress
in
by
undoubtedly
of qualitative chemical
as
ing
with
fosters deliberati
laboratory
inclines
and
finally
toward
slug
is
vietion
exelusive reliane,
'it
experimental
to
o,ir
bill
work
gri
day.
not
alone
among
much
if
am
better in this
respect.
pt.
al-..
I]
li
forma A
41)4
br
which can
species of birds
only
in
The
nature!
lie
many
studied
field student,
in
complex of phenomena
which he has not set up, ami cannol
is under the nein
any
degree,
control
the midst of
catch
the time to
t"
decided
lie
is
given
small
amount
superstructure;
or
to
build
much
as
mom
the complex
stant.
digging
oratory student.
Nor is the defectiveness in laboratory
training as
pared with
field
train-
knowledge-getting process.
Students
them
walling
cellars,
in
The
biology which we have been calling foundational hut which more truly
would
he
basemen!
called
or
cellar
has been
tent
and noble.
useful
very
young
their
larly impaired.
upon human
trained
exclusively
the
in
laboratory
in zoology too
Elementary instruction
often encourages
conception
the
thai
paramcecium,
earthworm, crayfish,
rabbit tradiin
laboratory instruction are
tions
fundamental, ami that all else is more
or less incidental and of secondary importance; as though the foundation id'
a
mansion were so solid and durable
and important as to make a superstrucThe actual animal
ture unnecessary.
tory,
hydra,
namely,
amoeba,
starfish,
particularly
life,
possible to
as
tion
this one, 3
play
it.
Hut there
is
way
out,
see
;
it
knowledge.
your attention to an almost unbelievable thing which has happened during what may well he called
Let
me
call
biology's
period
ceration.
of
laboratory
number
large
incar-
of biologists
experimentation.
fact
that
to his
What makes
this
and
fail-
the enlargement of
for
upon
world consists of individual living animal- first, foremost, ami always and
people,
outlook
does
control.
'BACK TO NATURE
ure i" see
implications as touching
its
other
the
descriptive
living nature
is
and
raphy,
the same
geog-
physical
meteorology
Where
Thai
sciences.
in essentially
obvious.
is
w ould
hese 31 iences be today
had their leading investigators deprefield work and insisted that the
I
ciated
method
on labora-
of inference based
material
the
for
this
people
welfare
of
the
is
importance
to biological sciem
''-.
does
not
concern
and
botanical
enrichmenl
zoological
greatly importanl
rather
the
.1-
of
and
political.
And
consider
seems
tion.
tailing as
educative
value
Datura!
in
-1
ience
of
partments,
including
reflectiveness on
litis
-,
Now, beyond
him
question, of
all
all
agencies which
this
loud
potenl
termination of
its
earn with
the
ii
progress unless
o\*
im oked
science be
agriculture.
scientific
1-
Civilization seems to
speedi
l\
againsl this
philosophical,
liberalizing
mind generally.
me probable that the total
to
fully an-
more
a trifle
result.
enlarging and
the
in...
do1
undersl
half well
wish to bring oul particularly
is
What
m:
experimenl
the
and
investigational,
demanded.
are
.1!
M\
efforts
is
and unn
I
importance
attach to the firsi and
ond of these.
In the third we are
otl
combined.
ran do do more than refer
-.
ersitj effori
.'.a\
to
the
the
larger,
in
the
philo-
The
difficulties,
tabL
enli
ment of agriculture
as scu
rc<
have con-
wnli sen
difficull
questions,
beginning
leader-
search
work
as
is
com
in.
1-
main thing
at.
meed
as
in-
for
aimed
biolo
in
i-
Dhi
what
tance of
fundamental
n hole a- similar
Lei
the
and
re-
thai Held
to life-science
is
to
training
come
will
investigators
of
diffi-
The
and faunas
relation of floras
and
to
above sea
mi land and depth below it in the
latitude,
elevation
to
fundamental prob-
presents as
ocean,
and
in geology,
sent
it
absurd to
as
is
think of solving the one class of problems as the other by laboratory experiment, prosecuted without any serious
of the phenomena themselves.
Geologists would not be recognized as
study
geologists
at
all
it'
they
had received
be
need.
thai
all
.
chief
manistic
ies,
subjects
history,
usually
called
sociology,
hu-
econom-
once come
how fundamentally soundness of
to see
view and
rect
ture,
healthfulhess of
life
in
these
all
cor-
and public-
concentrate
their
thought
and
inge-
work
in
of securing the
indispen-
is
and attitude.
expression
specific
as
is
to
such
which it seems to
me institutions like this ought to play
in
the educational reformation deas concerns the part
manded by
the times.
The
greatly ex-
ture
of parents,
ological
schools,
gardens,
city
parks, aquaria.
Academy
combine
on
researches
of
the
museums.
Underpinned by a
on the part, of a much
clear perception
the
way
The only
culty.
level
in the
difficulties
connection with in
larger
proportion
of
scientific
men
what
all
it
means.
Museum
of Natural
History in
Field
Chicago have
possibilities for
good that
it
is
with
*ame
di-
by the California
Quichua Country
of Southern Bolivia
li\
UK
boundaries
Empire
had
extended
hundred
years
of
I-
E.
(>
the
I,
I,
are
i;
all
within
until
Encan
the
gradual]
after
.M
five
ernmental
and
organization,
fabulous
nation.
Temples,
palaces,
and
Mama
Occlo, sup-
stately
posed Children of
of
hewn
the
Sun.
it
nearly
ered
arrival
of
forts
edifices
stone-
cov-
dotted the
one
tain-sides
mounand
American continent.
Near the
nences;
middle of the
liu in
century,
teenth
the
insatiable
dis-
with
the
capita]
precincts
herds
of
of i.tahualpa's do-
fed "ii
tl
minion,
and
the
star
the
of
Beemed
to
water,
through
ascendam
Under
ceni
aq
the
into
heretofore
arid
rule of their
venerated
system
poured
the benefi
of
flowing
of
llamas
streams
tnca
have
of
remote
tricts
many
Elected
constructed
Eullv
six-
beauti-
soverseveral
fields ca-
fruil ful
pable of supporttentedly,
nol
if
agriculture
thrived
crafts
arts
were
couraged
of
van
Thej
have
not,
however,
en-
dor,
re-
Ecua-
publics of
Peru
and,
as well as
laborers,
splei
The
[ay
lost
and
of
many thou-
par] of
numerous
wealth ami
population.
.1
highlands.
effort!
sands
numerous
the original
highly
fully
<
lolombia and
itliin
Suddenly
ih" horizi
th"
hile,
'
limits
lark clou
and omens
of
were
the
in
vasl
appeared on
Import
408
great-
all this
The
assumed
quickly
tion
fatal
appari-
form
the
of
whom
were
mounted on
which
filled
terrible beasts
women
often the
go each day to
also,
sheep
The
places.
is
ceeded
have suc-
to
in
thunder
the
for
wicked designs.
surprising;
than that
number
the
of
in-
grealer
is
furtherance of their
to say that
Suffice
it
city,
With
who were
practically exterminated
the
by
>f
the
many
strictly
houses
crudely
of
built
stones or of
is
not available,
of
straw
the world.
cowed,
is a
;
al-
he has been
and
mixture of earth
with
covered
chopped
Little
pebbles.
small.
is
however,
tin-
to stop at
despair, such
is
is
country
to
is
he
manufacture, he
its
tional refreshment
aside
primarily,
in
zoological
to
researches,
il
take cognizance
The high
ally arid
plateau of Bolivia
hut the
in the art
id'
to the
is
natur-
is
as
market
products:
also
and
flowers.
each
woman
Arrived
is
and
men, and
the
front
place,
of her.
Apparently this
for.
if
in
higher up
strawberries,
at
most
In
is set
Indians
on their hacks.
The
day.
<>f
pole
ply
tall
potatoes, milk,
invariably glad
announces
his
of
is
though
it
sell
anything, even
relieve her of a
Among
to
to be a cfcofa,
of
and fringed on
narrow brown
all
four sides.
us
strongly
It
seemed as
if
these differed
weave,
heavy,
very
and
with
wide
stripes of
bow
effect.
narrow
very
colors,
and
beautiful
and
in
of
many
brilliant
geometric
designs
added
the
Argentine
were
frontier,
made
of
is
spent
to
night
drinking.
a
of
singing,
dancing, and
in
women
rise clear
most of the
wool,
blankets
llama's
Upon reaching
it.
each stanza,
hands
ii
up
in
as
enjoj
some favorite
village streets,
i>\
ion
saint,
sacred personage
of
is
in
the
and even
of
n !-' deserted
so
of
hi
dirfieuU
t
image of the
be
to
We
explode aboui
met
in
mas
firecrackers
air
head.
be
carried through
whom may
large supply
poinl
lap their
events
fen
relig
iiKim
ertain
Qui( huas
thoroughlj
country,
singei
until the
The
the
all
is
ligl
usually
rain
to
from
trails,
frequent] y
and
prevenl
our
Qg
dow
boll
was
it
entire
n
he
pack
steep
412
from
blue
The band
ing missiles.
hovel
for a
halts at each
paratively
are
rather
speaking,
civilized,
owing
to
Quichuas
On one
comtheir
the south,
noticeable.
its
we
of our excursions
left the
thirty miles,
bank.
several
hundred
feet
and
spanned
b]
i-
anchored
wide
at this point,
suspension bridge
each end
at
picturesque
to
lowers.
stream,
wending
through
the
valley,
across.
could not
muddy
course
sinuous
rock-strewn
floor
the
visit
of the
feet
fifty
he impressed
of
hemmed
its
such
and these
out
light
was
it
growth of
foothold that
obtains a
vegetation
lower
course.
in
which
uporj
and the
Here
upper
the
in
stretches
it
find givnl
eking
difficulty in
it
ami
finally enters
the
city
of
Asuncion,
the
to
majestic, awe-in-
spiring river.
As
frequently
occurs
in
semi-arid
little else to
one
tool<
bul
un-
avans
<l:iily
The
is
id'
of
small
burros
and
llamas
passing
visit
a differ-
isolated
name
little
can
"valleys"
and thin
them
pillars of
hardly be given,
into
straight
cloudless
the
sei
among
be discovered, and
ablj
sky.
a small,
someti
we
we knew were
forms which
[ndians.
one tore
if
was
It
himself
community such
contented, pastoral
musi
as
empire before
vasl
throughoul
have existed
the
despoliation by
it-
These
for
tlic
high puna
of
tlic
ancienl
discovered
al
their partiality
well
is
know
some
an elevation of more
seventeen thousand
and
han
thej
are
their almosl
in-
foot
doubtless happier in
fastnesses than
come down
seldom
Indians
they lived
if
the
memmon
living
tribe
the
in
more or
bj
adhere to
form of dress
at
of
In-
conventional
less
the latter,
inch
leas!
Dg a typical
the days
lis
of
dark
blue,
and
shawls
shirt,
knee
and
breeches,
belts
i.
wide
at
of sash
gray
in
or
loose,
blue
forma kind
wear the
).
milled
varied
of
garbed
white
h:ir iv
ho,
h ith
the head
seem,
of
hi
a\
cloth
thrust.
the small
Strange
children
waddling along
in
their
a*
always "em-
little girls
full,
almosl
414
women.
made
All
the
aged
wearing apparel
is
of woolen cloth of
home manu-
their hair to
facture.
in
a queue
Both
back.
made
of
which renders
it
very hard
exception
of
huge,
these
With
spoon-shaped
women
used
The home
life
of these
Indians
is
Usually the
little
very
burning
weal her
cold
lire
day
occupants of
of sheep skins
kepi
is
the
all
and blankets
close to the
smouldering embers.
We
women
ing, luil to
difficulty.
to
do this
Only by
payment
for
From
experiences
past
his
fellow
On
all
si
portunity of observing
paimno
treats
how
tin'
the average
Should
Indian.
the
to
trail,
he stops
demands
food
his animals.
or re-
rifle
may
can
Should he
find.
blanket,
it
is
see
also taken.
lie
sheep
else
he
an attractive
In the
morn-
ing a
ground
and
he
continues
As
rule
we
found
in a
that
on
if
his
the
frank, honest
mountain-top daily
in
faithful compli-
:i
She brought
As
it
that
we were
and seemed
tive
Spanish
to Irani
speak
effort to
pon
tribe,
if
make no
in
common
only, in
talka-
an interest
to take
our occupation,
or
became
to be trusted, she
seeing
it,
ill
wo
of
learned to cultivate,
id'
bread
llosh
is
made.
and milk,
anil the
to hi- well-being
splendid quality
Jlis
flocks
provide
wool SO essential
it.
number
II.-.
id
Supply Of
The demand-
of ei\
ili-
mode
of
ording
act
pair
Indian-'
the
to
the
1'ainiK
The ovenbirds
time.
upon with
looked
the
nest
of
shorl
existence until
little will
remain
to re-
mind
at
the vicinity of
in
Should
dwellings.
Euel.
Furnarius) are
favor
couraged to remain
if
member
within
die
will
belief,
makes
birds
these
of
for,
pair of the
mud
follow
iii
nest
used in
is
their
making
poultices w hieh
va-
riety of ailments.
An\ one
will,
nesi
I'lii
ill
I.
plantations
to
the
as
ut
amount
numbers
.fie
the
to
'lone
i-
ami
post
discouraged
i-
small
bave been
strings
of
from
flock
damage
with
nests
fields,
of
fruit
tlie
birds
in
ble
bird's
i-
it
robbing
of
guilty
the center
in
planted,
stretched
>-
dead hawk
bj
stones.
a
across
su
sei
When
is
ing
isitors.
ed
armed with
nieo-aiii
each
a
II-
is
fusillade
plantation
of
stones
poor, hut
i-
hi
The Quichua
toes
Iii-.
which
Hiare
fields
turned
supinto
journej
in
from Bolivia
The thi
to the
Hew York
[i
American
A Giant
W.
By
is
ITsil
M A T T
1).
Eocene Bird
II
WA
and
In
fos-
the resull of a
is
it
formation
in a
disappointments
of
series
teeth
G E
the
successive
seasons.
for sev-
it
Practically
every
had
b,
Museum
discovers fragments
collections
we re enriched
b\
over
thai
jaws or parts of the skeleton
hopes and give warrant foi bis
"i-
buoy up
by
explored
partial
or
was
it
1904
G R A
Amherst
party under direction of Dr. F. B. Loomis.
In 1910 Mr. Granger began a thorough and
is
Generally speaking
L T E R
his
specimen
hold
catalogued.
will
out
search.
but .a
poor return for diligent work, and must seek
to retrieve his reputation in some other fossil
and
Once
lie
fait
in a
explo
which
are
still
mammal
to he there.
there
and incomplete skeleti
other interesting animals, On i/cena
bird skeleton
found
summer
lasl
was a
Only
was
\\
ii
trained
don,
Dad
no one suppose
let
anybody im.
find that
a
Mr.
bj
the Bighorn
in
But
made.
Pachyaena,
found.
But
tlex
are
in
an
ollei
and expert
.aide
propei
it
'
fossil
overed
time
.lis,
ii-
fossil
In
1891
In
Dr.
J.
well
I..
known
riches were
an
better preserved.
are usually
an
\ei
eedingly rare
exi
'
to
the
of
'-''
two toe b
of
Dr.
the
othi
jji
for
mis as
couple of equallj
exhibition
N' u
it.
in
Mexico,
.'/,
s7
ami
frag-
I,
nai
by
,/.
ell
basin,
Mr.
st, ,
small areas
left
when
found,
and
the
work
was directed
in thi
to
about
mpleting their
two month
distort.
open
oi
rj
w. Shufeldt
Robert
eidcr.ihly
is,
tarsus
bj
in
th.-
Inn
ii
pai
temporarily arranged
io.s
are
"cannon bene.a
tronl
skeletons
\\ o
Wortman headed
Doctor
hunting expedition
The principal
have been
etc.,
whole,
birds of any
a
its
Cope.
is
eollectoi
been
litis
1881 when
St< in
ex-
rience.
pi
that
Mr.
ly.
to
the
rds
how
Vassacyon,
on
rarities in the
hunter would
fossil
would know
i
and
bi e
frankly,
speak
to
ery,
it
his
that
in
two skeletons of
odus
Wortman
Doctoi
plete.
early
ham stem
fossils
Seld.
these
all
the close of
at
Practically
monn
ad remodeled for
Hon
of
fossil
ted. a
mammal
tl
117
lis
scarce species, ami
was
itself
in
Hut
worth the
was
also
long.
practically
back
lie
It
ii'._.
indies
ii' L,
is
of the skull
fortunate
so
The
to
as
skeleton
is
discover
of gigantic
size,
equaling
all
of
the
skull
much
is
more power-
ful bill.
The
The shoulder-girdle
the skull.
is
reduced in about
the same proportion
more than in
the
ostrich
much
or
but
the;),
not
no trace of them
so
is
The body
and hind limbs had much the same
left.
much
bulkier
higher
in the
not
but
materially
high.
tall,
The discovery of
Reconstructed skeleton of DUllniu
The missing portions are dotted
practically
Eocene
served,
em
bird in bulk. It is also of very extraordinary and striking proportions, with a huge
head and massive neck, quite unlike any
existing bird, and with an enormous high
compressed beak. These proportions at once
suggested that it was a relative or ancestor
of those extinct giant birds of South Amer-
is
skeleton,
this
and
complete
fossil
for
an
seum
Bulletin.
closely related to
does
It
not
appear
lo
be
bird, living
ica,
resembles
The
skull of
Diatryma
is
about 17 inches
modernized
it
belongs
birds,
and
is
body and
appears
which in
its
legs.
to be the
turn
resembling them
Museum
of the
issue
-t
Mm-
].<!
i.i
in
.11 ...
Journal, the
members of
liei-ome
ii:iw
Notes
Land Expedition,
Crockei
i/.
:',.
and Mori u
Messrs. James
v.
Barr
II.
Di lano.
res
i.1
stine
01
Nies, Ph.
B.
J.
Dr.
I'..
Messrs. James
Lane Allen, Leroy v. Allen, T. B. De
Hardtmayer and
R.
II.
Except
J.
().
Arctic
ies
>r.
the
in
1915.
in
the north
in
Land
During
can
ej
Crocker
the
itli
which he joined
dem
made
being
...
!ape
ii
ulai
of
lj
ommon
group
!ape
New
"i
tii-
I'lvsrnh'.l
isi
lays
were
mi-
by
possible
De-
weather and
war
to
ioll
Dr.
manded
to
Hovej
arrived
ntr.
i.f
Museum shows
elel '"'-
d boxes
from
rail
the A.mei
in
ii
an
in
\l
tn
besides
extinct
re
9]
amph
Museum
American
his
tlirouy),
I,,,
Arctic
ii
of
life
been
ned
1
1
colli
member
Natural
contributions
of
the
ful
.-it
ir'n\;\
but
1\
t;u
11.
:n
ri
Of
these
10
are
and
birds,
Expi
met
.lit
ica,
'
charge
the fall of
thousand
bird
sei ies
Among
of
the
1912.
spei in
11
.-i
in
whi
his
nut
pre
many photo
shearwati
r,
nia
ter-
foi
bi
et
mammals,
and speedj
ex
omp
10 are extinct
collected.
viouslj
graphs,
Captain Bartlett
work.
om
.it
siM'un-il.
have not
n ini'l
Captain
K'uii.i
20,
of skeletons,
five casts
are extinct
reptiles,
Mr.
et ni
.-i
rtebi ates
'
i
mplete.
At
mat
tin
mm
be
skeletons,
bota
skulls
there are
that
:.
ical,
this
the skull.
readj
are now
of
tons,
03
li:i
Bartlett,
of
in iw
mills in the
citj
Etah.
by the
th<
gi ui ra
in
i.mi
..mi
our exhibits
in
different
fish
idney,
di
to
...
this
in
to this
lichiiifjiiig
duck-billed
oi
initj
everj
igh
I"
tin- <linos;iurs
Montana have
ion
of
add
Mr. Barnum
allat ion, to
and
Alberta
Eight
ii
-1
eadj
formations of
and the
dino
summer.
of this group.
to the exhibit
pat
vei
work
field
oi
of
lieu
sei ies
fine
resi
on
ied
raphy
In
ment of
types anions
his
lm
the depai
bj
tology,
^gate
at
field
tebrate palaeontology.
Edmund
Dr.
quarry
great
the
oi
summer
taken this
'
i
,i
some prospecting
for
section
iirw
Nebraska, ao
Mb
'
marooned
long
so
Etah.
at
Museum:
the
bird
and as
lape Horn.
:i
ii
Ii
was underta)
t
1
placed mi
ixlii
420
the
edge of a
They stand
forests.
in
grass near a
tall
beyond.
skillful
adjustment
of
for
general
cooking,
pastry,
and
and
oil
ply.
by the
lie-
salads.
cake,
From
and indus-
tries.
The
mounted by Mr. Walter Escherich.
foreground was planned and executed by
Mr. Albert E. Butler, and the background,
showing the
corn
oil
are
made
leather,
the starches
textile
An
tions of food.
Since the
Journal
sev-
the
camp at Plattsburg.
Matthew awaits appointment
Mr. Howarth
training
officers'
Mr. Russell
S.
against
tions
the
all
various
causes
of
poor
health.
S.
left
New
An
is
Ancient Civilizations
tains 44 plates
con-
figures.
is
arts.
The
American Museum
ways
in
cereals
corn.
Among
and sauces;
and
jellies;
and the
oils
used
Mr. Russell
J. Coles,
who has
recently
Dr.
F. S.
director
of
the
American
Lucas,
Museum,
and
MUSEl
subject
of
sharks,
rays,
high
the
value
nutritive
NOTES
.1/
hitherto
l-.'
The specimen
Yellow River.
of
A 1st en.
n quarts, equal
to
about
delicious small
food
not even a
The
shell
found
than
The
many
plary
believe
and
lifi
xanthunui,
is
City,
such
The
food.
excellent
results
States
D.
now
into leather, an
is
numbers
belongs
to
important consideration in
oaking
on
reports
the
of
fishes
Lying
shewn
ontl ibuted
i
attractive
Some\er\
ports.
int.
make
to
features
'lestine strm-tures
scl
sects as Cj
and Th.
it
w ith
Iretaceous
dui
..t
material
of
been
lias
collei
fi-li
and
studies
as
yel
untouched.
Fossil
The
Hon
other
material
to
di
seme
am,
as
species
in
the Mississippi
to
sell... .Is
riddle.
Congo
the
hai acteristii
ol
tli.
have
sei a
common names.
!i
ion hi
'i
ea
in the
-.-."
:
World," prepared
neressitate
ii
hai
.
Ii
ts,
loth
bj
and public
of the city.
the relationship
fish teel h,
of which up to now
rich
genus
thai
hi. h
ti
at
I
Work
i,
edition
The tooth
family.
quiel evening in
this ion'
of the re
hi'
Prevention of
s,,
it,
by Mr. Chapin.
colors of fishes
Eoi
oloi
om
ft
on
single fresh-watei
weakfish
or
the
field
sounds,
at anchoi
trated
drum
the
in
thousands of metropolis
pleasure in angling
several
first
NYw York
the
thai
obtain
Leiostomus
fish,
in
invades
dwellers
"wop"
The
hen's
good food
made
these days
soldiers
lie
i]
of
United
the
to
.if.
fortj
"lafayette" near
.-ailed
and which
present
on Spanish mackerel.
these
I.
has
eggs.
it to l"
but leads an exemsometimes verj fastidious in
its choice of food, as in tlic case of the hammerhead shark, which subsists almost entirely
thai
world,
this fossil
which
one has eV
been
capacity of more
i;^
found.
in the
the great
It'
laid the
.-ill
perfeel
e.
kind
its
g hut
"-"el
Mr. Coles
in
is
all
:i
the public
made en
.and
|,ublical
upply
The
hea\
white paper
ml with
and bottom.
The .-harts ai. fullj labeled,
and in addition a
klet of information
a. -companies each set.
Th.-s,ill
be leaned
I
,.,
...Is
ot
chai ge.
To
that
the collection of
et
gigantic
I
in
in
ggs
ostrich
I'l.-i-t
the
in
period.
a.
Expedition, in
Mr. W. DeW. Miller, assistant CUratOl
rical department,
left
New
I
pi..-, ini
June, 1915, bj
(Struthiolithus
ol
This
Eton an,
Chinese peasant
February
Is.
arriving at
anna March
7.
Mi
York
Lud
a panied the
xpi
Mt. William I'.. Richardson, who
i
M.k Of the
in th.
122
has lived
Nicaragua
in
I'm
twenty-five years,
fomia, August
two-wheel trailer
members.
Mombacho and El
More than
14.
six
thousand
party
included,
of
at
the
maximum,
its
The
expedition.
thirteen
Viejo.
Dr.
collection of
Herman
pointed
assistant
He
American Museum.
in
the
years
birds
in
the world.
as guide to the
Museum
for anthropological
The ap-
Mr. Roy
ican
Andrews
C.
Museum
Kx
tutions and a
illustrative
The
Journal of
and serows,
strange mammals resembling the goat and
the antelope. The expedition, of which Mr.
Andrews is in charge, has been working in
the province of Yunnan, China
in remote
regions where no white man had ever been
seen before the explorer and his party arrived.
In Yunnan, two thousand miles
have been covered on horseback and camps
terly edited
are
the
gorals
accompanied
the
expedition
as
the
official
in
American Mu-
the
initial
Special features of
material
A series of lectures delivered by Dr. RobH. Lowie for the department of anthropology of the American Museum during the
early part of 1917 has been published in
book form under the title Culture anil Ethert
nology.
is
to ac-
Raymond
photographer,
Iu.
work
.1.
has
in the
his
former
department of invertebrate
zool-
ogy, after an absence of three months, during which he crossed the continent as a member
of
the
Cornell
Biological
Expedition.
'
complete
seum
was
sity,
the
first
transportation
large scale.
Fork,
May
attempt
for
to
use
collecting
automobile
trip
l'4,
on
American Mil
week through
On Mondays
New
Cali
and
natural
history,
on
Thursdays
from
MUSEUM NOTES
The geography and
World,
omy,
Phi
history
New
em Nev
h k
fol
lectures
Cm
^'
li"Y
will
nv.
th<
nited
Discoverers
be:
Old and
Mod
Colonial History,
made
to the
Iny. *pent
invertebrate
^roatei
pari
Woods
al
Massachusetts,
Hole,
marine inverte
Eoi
if
a
"sound bottom group,"
based upon the invertebrate fauna and sea
the
Ga;
'
in
was assisted
<
Shimotori,
to be an
is
in
work
tliis
and
Mueller,
II.
Mm
C.
by
gathei tags
discussing
he conserva
forests of the
i.
S.
tn
<
'arpenti
the
at
State
An
need.
important
the
strj
.-xlnl.it
human
..f
depart-
those
interested
been installed
Mr. Louis
ision of
dices
Sullii an,
B.
in
n in. h
measurements and
he
vai ious
lm
skulls,
nt
.lift.
me
.
?
sei
illustrated
nun
i-
devoted
The
devoted to
nit.
r,
9(
afteri
in
in
man
of
aces
The method of
nother.
taking
fin
ha:
wing of the
cal
floor,
the principal
anthropology,
the southwesl
in
on the second
somatology.
-on
in
pro-
is
imli
typi
the
to
of the skull.
Two
.... a
short historj ..t en
met
and an explanation of the measuring points
kull.
member of
the
expedi-
al
National
'
ieographic Societj
ma
Urubamba
and
versity,
the
work of
('anon,
all
l>y
empt
'i
the
to disTiti
La Baya
al
ibution of
bird life in that
region.
In
to
Gi Id
the vicinity
Uni
issance in
continuing
is
the
council
places of
crania,
and
roquois Indians.
n ith the
de to the
in
mi
military
oi
'
Syracuse,
ty,
business
articles.
M useum
an
into
called
mm
things thej
been sup
useful
supplj
ith
i.
outfits
"f
E.
on
M useum have
small
he wish ol
eated and
Mr. Herbert
American
with
t
:h
he
is
cedure
of indoor and outd
I
by the Sol-
\"l Con
ttee
ight a generous
response from many, and with a portion of
Museum
window groups
of
the series
in
in
Bi
This
Head, Massachusetts.
other unit
Museum
of the
diers'
the
construct!
"i
L6
An appeal
reference to procuring
Bora
surgical
(il
sweaters,
1l!
wristlets.
men
of
inix
and 23 pairs of
Events, 2 lectures.
rent
\V.
..umm
scarfs,
plied
Mr.
pie. .-.
2 lectures;
l.->t
245 separate
55 pairs of pajamas,
for
During
attests.
period
this
Hall
ial
sliirts.
course
423
Mei
in
History Stories,
Subjects
World,
of the
al
sii
lectures.
states
include the
Natural
lectures;
lectures
-i
"ill
course
lowing:
display
will
prosecuting Ids
Urubamba,
he
and geolo)
if
branches
lias
made
creditable Bho
interna-
tional
present includes
thi
installed
series al
draught
424
rest
al
tive
weeks at Cuba,
New
Mr,
scries of
of "MeKinney," a well
known
trotting horse,
to the
Museum by
11104,
published
iu
the
zoological
series
of
the
Field
Hi,
clature, 35;
20.
Through
the
generosity
Mr. Ogden
of
Mills, the
Mammals
1850-83;
of
Australia,
in
three
now exceedingly
unit, the
about the
end of the year 1914. This manuscript, submitted by his daughter, Miss Margaret H.
Elliot,
to
Museum
appeared as a
editorship
of 192 pages,
of Dr.
J.
A.
Allen.
monograph
Asaph
Allen.
shows Dr.
photogravure frontisappeared in
Allen as he
became associated
cliff
discov-
dwelling in
Tularosa
in
abdomen and
was wrapped
three
The
mummy
blankets woven of
and beside
were thirteen
pieces of decorated pottery, some stone axes,
spear and arrow heads, and a gourd containing a handful of parched com. In one
hand the
Middle West
the
leading up to his
life
in
the
and
Plains and
Rocky Moun-
rabbit
skins,
other
mummy
a
it
on the
An
which
his researches to
14">:;
titles
birds,
is
brown hair
THE
AMERICAN MUSEUM
JOURNAL
of Natural History
BOARD OF TRUSTEES
President
Henry
F.virfikld
Osborn
Cleveland H. Dodge
Second Vice-President
J. P. Morgan
Treasurer
Henry P. Davison
Adrian Iselin
First Vice-President
Secretary
administrative officers
Assistant Treasurer
Vertebrate Paleontology
Emeritus
D.
tology
Invertebrate Zoology
Henry
Insects
A. L. Trea dwell, Ph.D., Hon. Curator Annulata
Charles W. Leng. B.S., Hon. Curator Coleoptera
Mammalogy and
A
Ai
i.i.n
I'M
I>
Ornithology
H.
111 l:M
\N
nimalogy
James
P.
II
IC
W HEREIN,
I'll
!>..
Curator
Public Health
Charles-Ed
A.
Win slow, M
Curator
Thomas
G.
Hull. Ph.D
Public Education
George H. Sherwood, A.M Curator
G. Ci.
Thomas, Ph.B.,
Assistant
Curator
Frank M. Chapman.
W.
.1.
Anthropology
Clark Wissler, Ph.D., Curator
Pliny E. Goddard, Ph.D., Curator Ethnology
Robert H. Lowie. Ph.D., Assoc Curator
Herbert J. Spinden. Ph.D., Asst. Curator
N. C. Nelson, ML., Asst. Curator
Charles W. Mead, Asst. Curator
THE
AMERICAN MUSEUM
JOURNAL
DEVOTED TO NATURAL HISTORY, EXPLORATION. AND THE
DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC EDUCATION
THROUGH THE MUSEUM
November, 1917
Volume
XVII,
Number
AMERICAN MUSEUM OF
NATURAL HISTORY, NEW YORK CITY. TERMS:
ONE DOLLAR AND A HALF PER YEAR, TWENTY
CENTS PER COPY. ENTERED AS SECONDCLASS MATTER FEBRUARY 23, 1917, AT THE
POST OFFICE AT NEW YORK CITY, NEW
YORK, UNDER THE ACT OF AUGUST 24, 1912
INCLUSIVE. BY THE
Promenade
Photographed
Mr
bj
of Penguins
Rollo H Beck
Frontispiece, Molting
,1
Ml
b;
.1
on
Falkland Beach
Rollo
Bi
II
t28
1,
<!
vp...iinn
"I'.jr.i p:
I'!
ul
i.'.i-
...,]
h.il.n
hi,
,"i.l
Rollo
ilu'
l,i.
h>r'
A'ltluir,
il)i'.in-!i
lirmi
lia\.
\\
Beck
II.
man]
lnrli
lidded
!"
tl"'
Rollo
II.
I'"
rai
World
Bird Life
in
in
Siml. ,nl
Explorations
dnotone from
1
.1 it
..
,,
tl-
of
I.
ilnllli:;
,i
iti ill
i'
in
II;.
ill-Hi.
I.'
1I1..I
In
excavation!
w:i.
Beck
\
to
the
ul
Morris
II.
ancient
in
Hon
from photocrapl
lrd
i!i.
<
ml
village!
nil
and
11.11.
from photographs
in
McCormh
173
Brimlev
481
E istm \\
189
...
Have Known
>>
bj
tl
Am
An
ienl
Charles
i-m
[...
R.
date
Ecology
tidians
rganizations among primim.
I
tt
I'.iIM.iii.I
Arizona,
of
l!
Museum
Vnmrican
A study
ill
E
<i\ ili/ation
'
Illustrations
In
pli-
La Plata Vallej
4e
oi
Illustrations
:i
Navaho Region
the
Alligators
|.l..n.'_t
New Mexico
in
burial moun.lv
Xavalio g
Author
ion
Through
the
bj
the Falklands
Reproductions
lir.-u -tor
from photograph
Charles
C.
Robert
II.
i.
Adams
\.<>\\
n:
lodges or dulis
in
!'<i
495
modem
1
Need of
Museum
So
tGi
on Pi
relial
ifallof
Archibald Clare
Islands
in
\*ntr~
.".mi
Subscriptions
l
191
should
West,
l-
addri
New Fork
City.
tin-
Apache Indi
tot!
ipleted
ami
A MOLTING ROCK
HOPPER
In the latter part of January the penguins in the Falkland's begin shedding their feathers and remain on shore
until the new feathers have replaced the old.
The unkempt, ragged looking specimen above is shedding his
old suit in patches, and bears little resemblance to the clean, trim figure he will present two weeks
later.
Soon after the birds have finished molting and the young have their feathers fully grown,
the rock
hopper penguins go to
sea,
hundreds
of
way back
is
still
a mystery
OLLO
Illustrations
B E C K
II.
niRY Note.
The birds of the order Tubinares, or tube nosed swimmers, comprising
fulmars, shearwaters and petrels, pass their lives at sea, usually some disland, except when they visit the land to nest. They are, therefore, preeminently
pelagic.
Certain species may abound off our coast, but, unless blown ashore by a seven
storm, or attracted to the littoral by the exceptional abundance of E
!.
we maj be unaware
of their existence. While distributed over the oceans of the globe, the Tubinares are more
abundant in the southern Pacific, to which n-i.ni many species are restricted. Here they
breed on islands often so remote and inac-essiM,. that the nesting places of numbers of
species are as yet unknown.
The facts thus briefly stated render it obvious that in order to secure specimens of
Tubinares one must cruise in distant and tempestuous wafers and encounter hardships, danlet.
gers, in" difficulties such as do nol confront the ...Hector .it' land -inhabiting birds.
a lev. words, we have the reasons why these birds, which exist in incalculable numbers, are
till, generally speaking, so rare in collections.
It as this same rarity, in connection with our accompanyil g ignorance of the habits of
these winged wanderers of the high seas, that influenced Dr. I.. C. Sai ford and Mr. Frederick F. Brewster to make an especial effort to fill this gap m ornithological collections, as
well as iii ornithological l.i.ogi a ph\
To this end they fortunatelj ..Mai
potation
the
Of Mr. Kill hi H. Heck. Mr. Heck not only has all extended experience in colic.
ng Tn una res,
chiefly in the northern Pacific, but he has established a record for marine bird collecting
.lass
which has placed him in a
by himself as the most successful worker in this branch of
ornithology that the world has ever known.
In December. 1912, Mr. Heck was dispatched by Messrs. Sanford and Brewster to the
rica.
He began his researches off tl
asi of IViu.one.agii
in- vessels, small boats, oi steamers to take him far enough from shore to find the lords
lining the su
which were the especial objects of In- expedition.
oiling five years
\
tended bis explorations southward, visiting the Juan Fernandez Islands, passing a year in
lis points' on
the Cape Horn region, going t,. the Falkland [glands, and stopping at \;
he
Atlantic cast of South America.
lie also visited Certain Wi
Indian islands and in
Santo Domingo, Haiti and Cuba ascended to the summits of mountains before unsealed l.\ a
i
tin
.illi.it
losses,
naturalist.
To present, even in barest outline, a record of Mr. Heck'- discoveries and additions to our
collections of birds as well as to our knowledge of their distribution and habits, would re
Mine.
Here it need be said only that as a result of his labors the I'.iew -tor San lord
now contains a larger and l.ett.i represen at 01 Oi thi Tubinares inhal
legions visited l.y Mr. Heck, than any other collection in the world; while hi- collections ,,,
other families of South American water birds, not.al.lv thi
in a ducks, also are
All these specimens are di posited in the Ami
unexcelled.
Messrs. Sanford and Brewster, the) are available f...
nn ,.,. ..-ligation,
he M nseiiin's ..'.' n collet ion,,,] ill due time it is designed to pi, sent
Ml Beck tells here of some of
a
tions, as well as technical reports upon hi,.||, ,-t ,,.,,
1
collection
Frank M. Chapm
FOLLY
work
summer's
the Falklands, we lefl
equipped for
in
1
i
On reaching
unsettled
tober,
I'.'!
I.
Artie
le
German
still
caused
us
to
go on
high
to
\n.
sea
Punta
we
started
for
On
our
Born.
i:, ,ii,i
it
Heck
429
430
return from
we found the
(';
me
vessel
iwaitmg action on
and
permit,
my
arranged
'&..
bird
to
go
':$%?,!:
^>-*^
x&*>
&..:
:*.
'zw
Some of the niosi accessible colonies of penguins are robbei
ony shown above was robbed of more than 25,0011 eggs in 1014
away was not disturbed and many thousands of young birds we
colonies for a number of years in succession would soon exfermi
thai
for,
across
the
Wholesale robbery
penguins
d.
harbor,
some
five
of these
or
six
to visit
in the archipelago.
ing to gel
this
landed
in
had no1
yel
sei
We
ci
and
barren-looking
ted
over the
ollin
LI
in the di-
ills
made
liad
the
aintance
of
pugnacious
hoppers and
the
rock
secretive jack-
ih,
penguins
ass
[ldefonso
on
Island
westward of
Eornthepresummer,
but a> we Qeared
to the
1
olony of
and
the
tegan
to
was impressed
once by tb
al
difference in their
and
size
the
tirely
.1
""I
llMi.'*
ill
tli.
,11.1,
ml
,,','
.1..1 .,
.iii
,1
',i-
lik.lv
t,i
.
1
>.
utnl,,
l-uiiiioal,
'lr<>|
Hi,
ii,-
np,-r;itioii-
to
,1'
pi,
.,1
i,n,-
,.,i.,.,i
plioto-riipliini.'
l,.,\v,\ -!'.
1
|,
1-
ll;,
,1,-i
m-
en-
differeni
character of their
,
prn-iuns r
,;, !,!,.
rloilil
:,
,,[,l,i
ground
nesting
(in
[ldefonso
Is-
the second or
of
suc-
Iin
days
even to land, and
with
an
fool
Fnl
slippery
mud-
the
dy cliffs m
WO
-in
I
nesi
the
thick
in
tussac
In the Falk-
Lira-.-.
lands
launch
ers
sible
and
l,\
at
the
nun
the
il
is
pos
to
mi their
While the |
kj
penguins will mo
passing through theit colony, there are always
lint rn-li boldlj forward t,. hinder r hasten the visitor
and
return
same da\ to
the
1
,.
432
This,
steamer.
if
imagine,
is
seldom
passengers
know
of the proximity
of
Some
birds
Their bolder
neighbors quickly took advantage of
this action and began to rob the deserted nests of all the nesting material.
guin would
to
gather
when an
old pen-
nest.
When
The absence
of
land
birds
in
the
when he
delivered
my
collecting permit
to me.
hired
The
banging
cliffs,
virtually unapproachable.
I took photo-
wide,
is
.a
oc
j!
'
CC
2
<r
<
c.
l
2
O 58
:
on the beach,
a short
distance above
[ires a shovel and a couple of hours' digging In collect the eggs of the jac
penguin, while elsewhere, in walking over the ground of a colony, one breaks through into the
without ir\ing; for unlike the gentoo and rock hopper penguins this bird nests underground
While Some
i
oil
of
Esland,
several
ttiu-lit
tin-
tlx-
manj
nest.
Iktuh-
;il-.
ll;ir-k !>r<\\.-<l
or
sp.-i-t:irl.-il
;ill.:it
<>n the
overhanging
cliffs
nis^i ^
on the
wen
;t
cliffs
r.
immlr.-.i feet or
t<
tuo
440
mon
in
com-
out with
mag-
diddle-dee shrub.
we found much
lover himself,
breasted plovers
to discuss.
The
first
day
I started
from
its
nest under a
After photographing
This pair of penguins (nesting about half a mile from the house on Bleaker Island) resent intwo of soil immediately about the spot they have chosen for a nest and are ready
stopped
watching me
skua,
who
two
bill
sa\i
skua drop
"I
to the
eggs and
tin'
with
.-u
iftly
a\\a\
it.
reached
iean
on to the eastward,
bush} -lope w here the domiu
gulls
were
brooding
nests were
loss
ing
skua.
all
The
eggs.
to the
and
ground, pick up
ll\
Tramping
contained
nest
for the
As the
location.
about
in a similar
nest
straight
-i
all
dink was
Later
it.
ho
a distance.
before
and was
the uesl
mate
the goose
neared it. She
liundred and fifty yard- from
of A\\
li.
one
.main,
intending
to return later.
si
along
line.
t
atten
the
<
Mi.-,
il
coa
Lo
closi
placed
the ho!
higl
ml of
III,
guins
that
the
shepherds
not
bringing
in
from
tin-
.,
;,
Inn;
of
k.-li.
in
Tin- bird i* iri tie- Bel Of stealing hia bird Iniil j.r.n li. <t vvlnirrvur o|i|inrt unity offers
.-.
\nrii-i\
ride
their
itg
lining
II
ilNllllllI,
colonic.-.
lha
li
more
young
from the
once and started
She saw me at
cliffs a hundred
more above the tempestuous
the overhanging
W'vi
or
sea.
One
pair
mound within
the
cliff,
lens a photograph
my
surprised to find
1 w^as
was
it
out
other nests.
it.
shore.
open
hillside,
young
from the
water, I attempted repeatedly to set up
the camera and get a picture of the
group.
The young birds would have
birds a safe distance
them
off.
again.
Finally
and took
in
my hand
cliffs
herons'
local ions
were
nests
I
were
seen.
The
hawks or bald
rather than spots which night
herons
in
young
Here
birds
crouched
under
sloping
pasture
to
the
rookery.
II
seemed very strange to me, as ll due.lo other humans, that the birds should
land ou the soulh side of the island,
walk a mile up a slope and down mi the
other side to place their ncsls wit bin a
hundred yards
id'
the water on
tin
op-
from where
(bey land.
One small colony of a few
dozen birds had perhaps seen be folly
of this procedure, for they had walked
back only three hundred yards or so
and built nc>ts; but the overwhelmside
posite
of the island
ingly greater
number
spent an hour or
left the
space
beach
to
between
water and nest while beautiful landing
places with deep water were within
cross
lie
intervening
two minutes
their back
at
>.
.1
a gravelly bar
overspread with dry kelp, the darting
terns bad placed their eggs.
A little
higher on the beach and just back of
the terns' uest an oyster catcher's nest
From this
walked
spot
a
long way over the closely cropped
pasture, sometimes following the shore
revealed
.1
itself.
short distance,in
ing
gull
their
which case
scream-
beguiling
else
oyster
these dips to
which
with
lined
completely
when
tbo
Being
plai
dei ay ing
food.
known
uol
to nest, the
Several of
south to rear their young.
the cormorants Erom the extensive col
as
Hew
near the
ca
short
their
Eor
They
site.
distract
to
easily
was
\n>
perhaps
or
catcher,
deavor
or
l>l.
down
white
concealed
the
eggs
bird walked
i
tussac roots,
it
On
men!
journey
the
in
back
the
to
we
the afternoon,
settle
pond
visited a
the
white-chinned
little
ing
of
tin'
Km
eggs
island.
ii
was
met
sights
inter-
There
eyes.
1113
ing
Bi
and
low
itli
nesting
any
nesl
the
bird-
ready
a
sal
to
bright
skuas
ture
returning
il
The
nest-
shiny
blue
in
beauty.
snatch
ncgligenl
number
greater
to
land
again.
to lly, bul
they
were joined
by
mi
the
sonic
distance
English
I,
mankind.
curiosity
toward
edh >aw
geese thai
repeal
specimens,
to
the eg
bird should
before
and unable
IV.
at
\\
leave
,Tusl
beyond the rookery
uncovered.
along the edge of llie cliffs sal about
birds scattered
d'.u n to join
them.
This occurred
In
itli
examine
fallen
after a gunshol
ately
sight, sound,
I
trip to
Although the clay had been so pleasan increasing swell on the rocky
surrounding the islet warned the
captain to be gone, and he sailed as soon
Stopping a day at
as we were aboard.
birds.
in
The
nest-
ant,
reel's
short by a
ii"-
farmer
ire
Lis aupplj
of
egg
H.
BECK
GULLS ASTERN
Dominican gulls that flo.-k ltd
abundant ai Port Stanle;. Falkland
flock
Islands,
is
thrown overboard.
'
Il!u..trati..ii
and
te\t.
ed, 1017. bj
Rollo H. Beck
eB-a-g
,SJ
a.
z
Q
35|.
-|
2 2
= J s -
liilltJ]i!ilil]!?iillI!lii!lil
la
Z
<
IS
5ti"
a
S
* f si
ill!
>s'a 2
Hi
Uii
m
<
I
m
uj
Z.
&
.5
-s
*"
5=3
o a |
>"""
O * 3 o
u.
2
O
O
M.
1
O
a.
.l!
a
% 3 S
f &.*
1 11
.5
-a
The
is
the
typi-
460
New
Explorations in
WORK
>
IN
MUSEUM
THE
By
is
ITattention
was
called
first
ARL
!:
to prehis
'
New
I"i''
La
II.
paper
wake
of
tin'
in the
found
forth
I
to
settlers
i;
Mexico.
their
their
Mexico
to
do^
set
the obsi
nations
record
The
problems
the
archaeologist
rendered
incapable of
of
able
havoc wrought
and
relic
sun. or to he
the
"ut
bleach
to
in
In the same
thousands of pottery ves-
were exhumed.
sels
smashed
to
hits
Son
them were
has
them.
complicate
by
hunters
agriculturists
done much
few
for cultiva-
unlit
ion,
owing
to
gn
still
rela-
to the
Eact
thai
even the
gers.
<
mot
group-
situated on
i-
of the La
from
Plata,
summit of
the
the
test
their hardness,
who
lor-
scattered
eham
them
to
the
panorama
far
cliffs,
black-green
brilliant
market
"Aztec" pottery.
called
of
richness
the
for
so-
Because of the
graves
found by the
mop-
valley,
B<
at
Di
It
n.iitn.
as
La
arpel
masked
(row ning cloud-,
ground
Plata
of
timber
of
Mesa
the
at
in
time- by hanks of
from behind
chaos
In the immedii
to the easl
and
alley,
the
rise,
tl
-oiith
silvery
ribl
of
Mountain-
crystals
frosi
of clayey hills.
mound
turning burial
rim
the
agged
Southwest
w ilderness of
create
ml be
To
the horizon.
onsequenl
concerning the ancient peoples of the
.
magnificent
>
northwest, above
[lings
I'm-
beholds
four
wind-.
}'
one
mesa
l-'ulh
-i\
forth
acres
re-
,,f
the
'
Til E
462
down
to a
ruins stood on
large
tively
AMEL'ICAN
mesa.
mound
It
MUSEUM JOURNAL
leaving behind their household utensils
very
had weathered
the
In some
feet.
stone axes
the
floors,
tered corner.
roughly
From an
a shel-
it
was
thought the entire structure could be
cleared in four weeks, but this calcula-
had completely decomposed. For perhaps a century or two the elements la-
from surface
bility of foretelling
soil.
mound
indi-
Under
was uncovered
lengthened into nine.
The
weeks had
four
these
in
and belonged
to three distinci
The homes
periods
of the first
To
acter.
pits
with a wattlewori of
Adoberrmd
-ticks.
analogy
it
consisted
placed
mounted
to be
is
id'
by
the
a
From
number
across
of
hoaw beams
excavations,
transverse
layer
sur-
of
At some
an opening was
or in
some cases
completely.
possession
of people took
and
mesa
the
erected
community house of
cobblestones and mud.
The ground
pact, thick-walled
id'
fered greatly
of occupation.
the sub-
all traces of
them up partly
Idling
concealed
were the remains of two other dwellings, the walls of the most ancient exlevel of the mesa.
bored to obscure
left
which served
there
more
may
as well
in a second story.
In front of the
building, which faced south, four circular chambers, averaging fifteen feet
in
down through
and
From
care-
a study
who accompanied
ors, we know the
The main
men
ground
of each clan
kiva
they slept
owned an under-
clubhouse
or
in
which
in agriculture and
Upon
may
be
built
the
pit
houses
formed.
such evidence
and maintained
second period.
If one
the
enormous
For
in
unpromising places
ats,
years,
the
Pueblos
465
returned
to
build
undreamed
them
a skill
times.
On
mounds
they
filled
the
all
depressions
these
beside,
tually
was
building
the
house, they
abandoi
inflammable was
everything
al
ed,
di
it
marked
by fifty-four
six
a
two-stor^
of in earlier
lightly
feet
off
an area eighty-
above
l<
however,
all
i
manufactured
do
or
by
we
looters,
shall
<
architecture
opment.
in
in
i
d her
work of
other centers
ontinued
When,
it-
were their
orate
\.
when
them
never know.
tion, while
bloi
-tone
arl
in
oblitera-
al
slon
after a lapse of
many
kivas.
Throughout
the
masonry
i-
'WW*
03
EXPLORATIONS
notwithstanding
but
excellent,
liv-
plaster.
re
tiful potterj
There
is
which
all
upon
th
smooth
were
A room near
board.
the
till
planed
as
ornamented
walls
in.
<
ause
to
ini" a
-mall
Th
in
the
to the
would ha
\<<\\<
there
floor
building constituted
tin-
fort a- well as a
due]
value, -o
that tbe o
about
and
red
bushel
two
small
buried under
Thi
children.
of
potfloor
trusted
open
oi
which
aining
be
was
a-
it
the
many
for all
band-
was desirable
to
burial
wl
work.
at
of the
At length
and
There
pit in
when
labor
in
no
a
"
uncovered
thigh
fossil
ivory.
few minuti
of the
was determined.
The body
was that of an adult buried upon itback, with arm- at the -ides, and knees
elevated.
!.'
stii
:
bow]
in-
to
opportunity,
to gather, for
the
given
him
graves.
writer's
In a
the
Ross,
excavation he bad
fragn
ware
Toll
lade.
;
>
workman, had bi
nd which an
were
with tbe
lno-i
to
pottery
-i
feature- of the
which be was
which
vibrations
among
were diminutive
Many
For weeks
go down
ssary t"
wild
granular, sandy
To gain entrance
the
shovel
hall
reached to the
of
quality
up
of animal
building
the
narrow doorway
human bone
human
travel
po
is
it
the
was through
it
construction.
it
of another kind
merely by crushing
time
short
fragment of decayed
from thai
fas-
of
urprising
a flour-like
tained,
excavation
the
of one's faculi
In
tion.
decoration
something indescribablj
tell
-
beginning of
This
patterns.
mural
with
beau-
burial
many
as
vessels.
about
cinating
..;
opened.
an
as fine
is
NEW MEXICO
IN
their
long and
a
i
a little
th<
ii]
itiful
graceful
cooking
pot.
ladle,
and
d.M'oratii
68
all
'"'7*
.
i
burials.
:
.
Scarcely a foot of
bra
elefc
.-oar-.<
and
aecklai
grav.i rmcr.-.i
ntirely obscured
t>l
tIi.'
i
with lime
EXPLORATIONS
Another grave had been
cul
down
lying
upon
ilai
its
with
Two
stones.
arrowpoint
were
the
and two
On the
mound lay a
ladles.
outskirts of the
drawn close up
arms flexed with
Although the
skeleton lay near the surface, and was
covered with large stones and gravel,
with
skeleton
knees
pottery types,
sandstone
i
di
.i
different
And from
buildings.
bad
structure
Europeans.
of
ing
be
reposed
a< e
and tw
a
Ic-
pots.
graves in this
mound
positions
k al
ladle,
of
represent the
"ii
and
uded,
ti
t\ p-
on
that
at
The
dwellers
in
the
namented
rarely or-
with painted de
it
warewhich
shapes.
Of
exhibits
profusion
of
side
w ith
ladles
the
in
Curvilinear
form of one
has been
through
dinally
type of
be
and restricted
in
characteristic ornamentations.
many
establish
the
of the gra
wa-
people of the
]iit
birty be-
The
dwelling.
\ei-\
it
individuality.
with globular
the
positions
of
To summarize
from
tin'
time- the
the
facts
Such
cal
i\
pes.
l.a
lien
site
will
higher
architectural
-kill
ability
histori-
pi
of
Bj
architectural
a
close studj
and
of
ceramic
thi
chanical
opnieiit
l>\
was no discoverable
placed
the Bat-bottomed
between
Tl
correlation
of the
thai
which give
splii
center
the
patterns applied
trie
".<
them
w.i-
made
relative age of
l.a
buildings clear]
on,-
pie
the
to
hun|
hon
pii
md
was possible
he
Plata Valley.
flexed.
it
the
risk
fifteen
leasl
bowl, a pitcher,
into
fallen
statemenl
tin- person
oJ
the shoulders.
types
parison of
i>
it
hand-
of, for in
as
accumulation of refuse
accompanying the
taken
he
must
n ith
down
hand,
right
Centuries
ceding.
by
471
back,
pit
NEW MEXICO
IN
possible eventually to
it
nd prob-
and
me-
>
Pueblo
Southwest.
of the
%
%
mm
A SENTINEL OF
THE
NAZLINI
CANON
Xa/lini Canon,
Illustrations
WIIKN
from
phi.! ..-impIi-
we think of strange
we turn
us,
Bui
Nct
Erom
three days' time
York, we ear be among people whose
life i- as strange and as far removed
within
otr
as
11
"i"'
could
p issibly
western
acteristie
street
-and
these
stores,
with
lined
is
town.
stores
has
are
trading supply
the
which
is
b.'int-
installed
in
in
which
<if
crevices
in
the
of
rocks.
i>
stending
between
the
school
latholic
priests,
the
i-
St.
forest,
Ganado
we can
map, bul
in reality
find
which we
through
as
tended like
trim
a
bo
its
itfa
valleys
Michaels,
stop, after
first
artificially
a ide
into
mesas.
as
beauti-
though
privati
marked on the
N'avaho group
Author
houses buill
si
Mexican quar-
which
r<
tin-
saloons,
quarters,
:
ol
several
main
The
!;
medicine
is
man and
173
CANON DE CHELLY
At
rock wall of the canon rises precipitously to a height of at least six hundred feet.
in this great gorge, the most conspicuous and interesting of these being
at present is practically inaccessible
Hi.-
white
l>ni i
{learned from
r
ruin, whi.l
IT(i
trading post.
In-
trade however,
from miles around, coming even two
hundred miles and passing through
small trading posts on the way. largely
1"
find
from
hundred
fifteen
to
two
at top speed.
it
is
Today
a leather
the Indian
dollars.
ting hold of
several
If he can fight
From Ganado
to the first
Hopi
vil-
and ornamented
As
gle
file.
the
violence
the
of
the
action
mum.
is
made
an opportunity to
see Navaho dances instead, performed
usually for the curing of the sick. We
were so fortunate as to have these Navaho ceremonial dances given near our
headquarters.
To an
is
the dance
competition
among
best singing
Two
ground
in
front of the
hogan; hundreds
the pic-
tone.
The singing dies away and the
dancers file out. The dance is over.
Indians here and there rise and stretch
their stiffened limbs and begin to move
about.
lire
up
to the
If the trip
all
hour
is
increases
summer.
night
dictate.
lages
alternate
may
all
We
Our route
lay
livery turn in
cluster of trees
ilver
111-.'
risiiii:
pray deepening to
-n.
canon brings fresh surpn-rfrom h>- stream ..*!_ Salmon red, rl
Mark where the falling water makes
;1
quarter of a mile
hundred
ards
ornamented according
to the
wearer's fancy
<
arroyo.
The canon
foT
more or
is
dangerous
less
mad
the
sand
is
plent]
is
hard and
and
it
i-
is
team there is
danger bei ause
sudden
rise of the rivers, caused by rain-. Rain
may come above in the canon withoul
"lie's knowledge, and the first intimation that water is rushing down in the
dry river bed is a sound like the rattling
of the possible
of
How
likeh to
for onl\
[t is
dian,
presence, and
Canon
'I'he
Muerto branches
del
left
within
prehistoric ruin
known
a,-
toward the
ofi
mile of the
the
"White
Eouse," which is perhaps the ho-t preand most widely known cliff
served
Idle
cation
nun
hank: and
hank,
below
still
disclosed
is
this,
set
in the
he
this
lam
not
done, anothet
w dl probably
When
ruin away.
a sho
back
ent
dry.
of
479
walls.
all like
though
volume, not
in greai
at
drown
the
horses
and
carry
osl
in the q
\- the traveler
Canon de Chelly
power
the
finally
on the winding
high
same
color,
-
ancient
in
the
cliffs
of
thi
<
rrand
It-
la
The Canon de
sonal.
large,
<
find
is
ruins in the
cliffs,
>ne can
ises, a
The -mi
it.
group of
I
casts shadi
touch
part of
i- n
nvc- rising
and of the
in
while
Chelly,
ode.
and
except in
down over
the
SI
We
had pitched
This proved
deepening to black.
We had planned to make our camp in
front of the White Eouse and had pro-
gressed
canon,
rived.
when
upon
We
us.
had
just
force.
We
would drip
Our
fifty
feet in front
camp was
planned,
House
placed,
almost
ruins.
as
opposite
of us.
we
the
had
White
it
niiig.
even with
the ground,
my
canvas
an-
was necessary
my left hand
There
while painting with the right.
were several heavy showers during the
had to keep my paint
afteri
o so thai
Trying to use oil paint
bos covered.
mixed with rain was very much like
pushing water around on a dusty floor.
The next morning brought the same
chored
to
it
with
conditions,
with
occasional
hursts
of
its
ruin.
vailing winds,
a
site
pamt.
and coloring of the canon to the illfated canvas survived, and the last day
was spent in making pencil sketches
and notes on color.
That evening at dusk two Navaho boys
appeared at the rim of the canon and
^tailed down, resting on a ledge near
We could see that they were
the top.
carrying heavy sacks, so we watched
At one place
their progress downward.
the wall is so steep that shallow steps
have been cut
in the
Down
these steps,
laces
their
their skill.
With as much sign language as we could muster we engaged
them to carry a note to the trader at
Chin Lee asking for a team to take us
So well did they fulfill their misout.
sion that
da\
in
at
the
and
camp
cooking.
ever
spite of
Alligators
By
H.
many attempts
saw
to cap-
Have Known
BR] MLE Y
II.
ONE
>
who has
associated with
or
[i
11
less
u
of
alligator
have ever
set
or ever hope
n.
We
had
so
Carolina
\1 N-.
And
the record of
possibly
few of
a betti
thi se
ma]
in it-
statements would.
to
those
ratoi
ask.
age
Id
ri]
er saw in a wild
ii
still
en-
ledge, his
Craven
mdpa,"
had followed
shore,
made
which
in
later proved
hi
in the shallows
and thai
was the las!
saw of "Grand
summer.
Ee was and
hope still is a wise
I
old bird.
he robbed
m\
While ii slowlj
it- way into a
small indentation of the wooded shores,
owed up the head of th
dly
bul
the
speci-
line for
although
resuU - every time
into
cypress rool
of water,
seven or eight-footer in
sh
sfully as i"
it
him
something thai
is
my know
In-
followed
shol at
footer
Among
have known, perhaps the strongest mental impression was made bj "Grandpa,"
ill
mal
era]
urn
lowly
lake, while
two thirds of
away out
in
the
net.
482
He
hook for
bait.
Lake
is
of
tween
off
his
At times
him out in the lake, but the wawas always rough enough to keep the
boat rocking a Little, and never a bullet
went home. I did not give him up, hut
shot at
ter
The
way:
or lying
jaws, shut
down on
The canoe
companion
me
This
I
as
is
know
specimen
tin'
in recent
years.
the
Museum.
measured specimen
North Carolina waters
largest
of from
for
Ellis is a
largely marsh,
It
is
Under
feet across.
to
twenty
the banks of
many
an interesting -and
exciting business to get
burrows, and
is
it
sometimes
them out. A long pole, with a stout
hook at one end. is the main implement n
led, although a spade is often
handy if digging lias to be resorted to.
steel
rifle
addi-
in
Sometimes
of the water.
<
mouth
of the hole
in
short
The
order.
amounted
to
slight
nothing,
wound
although
it
mi',
however,
specimen
about
in
my
which
the pain in
five
my hand
abated.
He was
I.;ik.-
row-.
end.
11
11.1
The
hi
Kill1!
i-
i-
White
tl.i.kh
r\. itllin
thr.-,-
ti-li
.1
with -mull
i-l.in.l-,
11
1.
in
liy
imIit tin-
m run-
..!'
1.,-ink;i
measuring from
ii
I. iik.-
rli
ilntt.
specimens
I,.-
found,
lull
liliee
tli.it
Iiiiil'
six
Alligators
..i
w Inch alligators
...1.
illi
;.
-In
to
il
In...
-t.'.-l
their bur...
is
/'//A'
AMEllK'AX
MUSEUM JOUHXAL
if the entrance
is nut closely watched.
I once had a
specimen crawl over my feet while I
was standing in the water opposite his
It gives one rather a creepy feelhole.
ing to stand perfectly motionless while
alligator
of unknown size and urian
judged disposition has one at such shori
But this one
range of jaws and tail.
evidently judged my feet and legs to be
a part of the landscape and was as gentle with me as I with him.
To sil on the hank above the entrance
to an occupied alligator hole, with one
foot in the water on each side, and with
body bent forward and hands open to
grasp the animal's jaws when the tip of
the snout slowly and cautiously breaks
air gives
I tried it once,
fully.
ii
with
tightly closed.
little
my
grip.
less
than
The
averaged
less
timbered swamp.
1 was carrying my Tnnn Mauser, rifle,
stopped near some holes that usuand
I
vtors
I/././//
contained
all\
could
black
bass
to
see
boles,
>au
if
While
ii"!
watching the
the
ad
bi
n.wt:
known
mdi\ idual,
i|i
that they
leasure fourteen or
k:
certain creek,
oi
but
ii
Wading near
could shoot.
where
bad
gone
stoppi d and awaited developments.
In a few minutes
saw
the gator crawling along the bottom
away,
only a few yards
following the
slightly deeper water of what had been
the bed of a drainage ditch in years gone
Coming opposite where stood, he
by.
turned deliberately in my direction untoward me.
til he was headed directly
Whether he saw me and took me for a
<l" m.
to the place
ii
know
whether
was
<>r
move toward my
accidental,
that a
feei
do not know.
Mauser
But
do
career about
Hi-
connection
this
second largesl
comparative!}
tlio
derly limit,
type.
buill
ilj
may
narrow-jawed, slen-
rati]
iv
from
this
differ-
rugged old
mossback.
When
known
alligators were
me
to
through
only
trated
page,
the hank-
i.r
the
mi
log over
hut. apart
mo
chance
to gaze at
fraction of a second.
it
iews
ed
1
of the water
,!
>
North
have
tin years
reat
"I'
with
1
a
a
have
length, as
I
his hide.
learns, however,
well
The
from
One
Boon
;e
fairly
head.
only
rol.'i
take
nat
country almosi
for
man;
years.
Alii-
alf-grown
always can
toll
of an
486
Here
is
an
in-
side
and estimated
known dimensions
ported
had
shot,
it
its
length by the
of his boat.
as fourteen feet, or
He
re-
more
Dim
ish moss,
gator.
North Carolina.
had some very interesting and fa-
Kiver. in southeastern
We
As
floated
learned
later,
the body
would
were seen.
On one
ALLIGATORS
three, e^ idently of last year's bi
showing up within
of thriii
of the boat.
few
tried to catch
1.
two
feel
them with
One
to
New
year-olds.
clearly viewed at
full
length) to mea-
We
Finally,
tail bait.
tail,
hooked him
in the
the cane.',
when my wife
nel
eastern
water that
ne. tin-
accorru
colonj
ef
late-
egrets
fair sized
and
other
herons.
HAVE KNOWN
i>;
rant. while
T.
had
eties,
waters.
a
I
like
wish
dare
same
in the
experience
of the time
tell
shot
missed it
usual assortment of gravel and
The
piei e- n\
almost always
i-
present
in
alligator's
several
From
pieces
the
taken,
or other article.
intrinsic \alue.
,,f
fad.
in
remem-
ber finding
tained a
other indicated
<
me.
"Yes,
-ir.
it
it>
upper
"working" of thi
'cause
-are was
jaw
rocodile,
worked,"
the
animal
rocodile or
a
an alligator, according to local legend
\ici
had some difficulty in convincing
my
for
many
identifying
it-
shores
thi
ensis.
targe
unsigned painting
in
oi
IS.S
dull
and
colors
01
coloring,
is
to indicate'
Giraffe
By
[GHEES
I;
of late
centurj
fifteenth
are
and
in the
from
early
the
much
is
true to
less
much
is
long
to
tended
is
goat, with
hoi
sho\i
being laid on
in
pati
more
oi
hi
irregulai
an antiquity of
ate
New
-
in
at least
ape.
according
Reproductions
pus
Ihri
Raymond Osburn
March,
.1.
Lit
ge of examining
publi
lied
has
and also
Another
which
of
i-
probablj
thi
tiii-
term
k ui
in
and the
fori
was used
noticed by M. Claude
191
Foi
antiquity
classical
as
An.
sea
t
untie- rode.
script
is
mime
the
..I.
occasionally
til-"
Piirtwangler,
escap
thai
and undoubl
The
sented
that
a
illusti
art
The
l'i
em
of
artist,
in-.
'.
Morin
II.
in
and
.lean,
It-.
inl
designs
Thi
painting
earliest printed
fig
-
bach,
they were
i-
Inscribed
IM.
I,
hi
ti
paintings,
compal mt
written
Vol.
in
therefore,
n.
of animal-, including
o pictui
re
.
manu-
'
her.
s,
i'
warranted,
fish,
Nevei hele
is
in
XXIII, Xo.
drawn colored
the poets of
h\
which has
flj
-t r
f{ipi><,< iinipiix
dated 1170,
lio-tiary.
an extremely interest;!.
is
Proi
present
the
bj
i-
paint in--,
known English
b;
earliest
the
in
1915,
the
ii
aumber of
old maim-'
a
of
figures
earlj
I'.
It
pi
of
hai e bei
New York
of
had the
thei
in
writei
statement,
author's
is
for
Grei ne,
the
to
Land.
common Mediterranean
en old
;i
Eolj
three or
the
owner, a dealer
dots.
hex
regulai
in
of the painting and the state of preservaof the fabric and coloring would seem
in-
less
tion
beard
its
lungs
at
coloi
agonal patterns, as
:iod.
The original
The proportions
life,
like that of a
rather
This
accurately done
less
several
ion
it
who
d ;ipr.
leu
iraoniques.
traveled
in
Persia
and
Arabia
490
in
the
from
B.C.),
interior
the
of a
mummy
twenty-sixth
now preserved
Gloucester.
given in Vol. II
case
dynasty
in the City
brief
dating
(700-500
Museum
description
of
it
of
is
panied
by
figure.
the
description
just
referred to:
"The
Hippocampus
is
outlined
[i.e.,
are indi-
The New
Pi
THE
K L K S
animals
always
soi viiii:
an.l
know nature
has
ob
interested
who
men
thoughtful
The degree
at first hand.
of
ol
zoology ran be
in
those
men were
what
"i
Is
as
research,
were
is,
first
time not
in
direct contact
Si
With the
called
be
thej
museums but by
in
them
with
might
to
These
slate.
naturalists" ;
us
schools
wild
the
in
usually
"spontai
duced
interested
in
especially
and
instruction
naturalist
the
"closet
natural-
ist."
in
vior.
and
'
pi
oblems, expei
animals
field
upon
inclined to look
no
had
yet
real
friend as one
his closet
expi
and
evolution,
of
who
as
trifles,
riet
must endure.
This has
nearly a
for
generation.
ten
last
however,
years,
Soi
and
riety
\
it
student
is
to
omy. physiology
I
hi
he applii at ion oi
redil
h iriian
to
tl
museums
The
important
The
advances.
in
live
ild
animals
for other
With
i/.ing
who
staff,
t
feel
that
their
With
of the mu-
have
much
unil
mals
in
"fundamental" prob
thers perhaps might be "all right"
class
as well
3,
members
as
raining.
of our
The "habi
I
broader
u
line-,.
changes
il
an
seum
ling la-he.
the unii en
ideals
field
often
the
undergone
have
those "i
inclined
s,,
The
affairs.
biochemical
inals,
Po
value.
evident.
were
naturalists
older
mainly
Collegi
little
During the
marked change
New
the
ADA
C.
Zoology,
Pores!
of
Ecology
Natural History
(HA
By
the
ecoi
to
man.
ith
that
tl
unfortunately wen
the
The closet student
only was doing the careful "perma-
personally,
wrong
that he
entitle
the
/>/..../
but
%ntag<
field
trained,
worker was
and therefore
work, while
superficial
his
results
and unwere of
oj
-.--nits
trail!
tended
which
at
tli
natural history
in
I'.'l
-I!)-.'
inals
this
by the narrowness of
permanently,
others
Almost every
and instructors.
their leaders
many
made
As previously
fields.
was devoted
histories and
more recent work not only
life
take a very
it by the best
The new natural hisworking on a higher level,
with a broader outlook, and has a saner and
closer contact with nature than was possible
by either the laboratory or the older field
method alone.
It takes the laboratory
problems into the field and brings the field
problems into the laboratory as never before.
This newer natural history of animals is now
game,
For
ests of amateurs.
in the
ists,
of
points
if
established.
number
and bird
life,
Each goes
ist.
fish,
benefit
little
way
independently, to
the
teur,
of the professional.
human
class,
coming
It is
been serious negligence on the part of manyleading zoologists in supporting the various
intended to
activities
lords,
conserve
fish,
game,
As a
result
whose
enthusiasm
for
protection,
or
sel-
will
continue
to
made
be
until
additional
come
is
the
addition
ical
been
is
now coming
interests
trained,
is
of the auimal to
(causal)
vironment.
It
the
to
is
and
some minds
it is
It includes
hazy.
To
so
who
who de-
mand room
for imaginative
field to interfere
and who
['lay,
boundaries of their
We
its
pursuit fascinating.
for the
new natural
in
history.
background
the
It is generally
not
of
only in
its
field
attack,
ami
in
its
multiple method of
discovered
new
points
of
lead
view,
to
the
re-
many new
sufficient,
therefore, that
of the older
re-
its
of
all
or
that
discovery
in
complete en-
primary attention is
given. All kinds of facts which throw light
upon what animals do are thus recognized
In the comprehenas of ecological value.
and
siveness of ecology lies its strength
animals),
ily
its
activities,
give
New
Advantages of the
There
has supplemented
laboratory methods.
tory, therefore,
know
facts.
It
is
not
it
must have a
results
At
scientific
is
in its
numbei
pigeon holed
lives,
isolated
some of the
in
sciences, Imt
important
mad.-
discoveries
of
ideas
in
these
all
the
fields
made
have
phases
plant ecology.
active
dynamic
or
Prom geology
physiography,
in.
and meteorology
geography,
; 1
,--.-
pi...
understanding
for
I.
influ-
to the old
-.-1
form.
a similar
in
when
The
manner
naturalists
modem
presented to them in
laboratory contributes
from physics, chemistry, biochemistry, physiology, and studies of behavior; and finally,
ecology
ges
a.-ts
lighl
own and
lememl
as a
from
all
allied
it
phase "I
that
the sciences
economic problems.
man
tic
i-
Never
"frame" support.
..i
arrive
until
and
yet
mi.1i
ideal.
nature,
ecology.
in
In spite
int..
zob'logj
support
bj
when
animals
.-
are
damental to
already obtained.
examples
practical
..f
ecological
problems are those which deal with the relation ..t' animals t.. disease, and to the production of animal crops from the fields, for
ests, and waters, both marine and fresh.
The
problems
of
more
ably
clearly,
but
practice
in
lags
it
The
try.
mal
..;
intelligent
management
..!'
the ani
life
preserves
the
all animal
dependent upon our knowledge
logj "i
hese animals and . shall
me and use in pro
bei) propel
is
and
applications.
it-
Futuri
'/7m
'iii.
work
in
mil. mil
markably rapid
America is one of the most
sig
this
recent
country.
ad
of
iem
all
man have
been,
and are
triking exceptions.
probably the
facl
to.
writer gave
eral
I:.
there
an
ep
altl
that
gli
practice
is
in
receive
fuii
it.
i-
by
char
realized prob-
is
onsciously.
tin-
agricul-
slightly
ecological
the
problems
iquatio
only
realized
is
leaders;
its
many
character of
ecological
tural
side
to
is
Th.
time
the
will
conceptions
naturally
ex-
In the synthetical
relational
upon nmust
We
scientific
scientific
we are yet at
application
it]
many
pli
mals.
en.-e
and
chemical
advance of the
in
work on the
generally
th.- first
university
Since
com
many
universities,
permanently established.
and
has
i.e.-.
.me
I!H
Such an outlook
this period
workers.
;i ii
have
since
been
indifferent
ones
have
merely a name
not
many
vinred;
con
felt
while
younger generation
the
accepts
the
human
problems.
that
it
Can
it
fore
secondary
in
expect
similar
instruction,
because
terials
young students, and are not surpassed eduany other aspect of zoology.
cationally by
And
tains a greater
matter than any other phase of zoiilogy, because it is more closely connected with
human economic problems.
striking
of
indication
the
healthy
scale,
the
recently published
list
per
ecol
many
professional or trained
investigators.
If,
in
certainly favor-
it
is
applications to
Be-
as
changes
its
same
way
in
America, and of
in
work
however, Prof.
of the amateur,
as au
amateur
which he does not devote move
to
small
professional
them
They
body
professionals
are
although
in
allied
many
are
of
sciences.
interest
is
There
is in
191",
which
I, nil ;.',,
in
leadership
which
cal
America.
those
to
for
see
Such a statement
startling to
is
by European students. In Europe, ecological leadership has long been with Denmark,
whose botanists, as well as students of marine and fresh-water animals, have been the
model for all other countries. Our leading
universities have been developing an excellent
Europe, a
fact
made
American students of
heredity already has become prophetic of
what may be expected, with proper encouragement, from other branches of zoology.
Financial, economic, and democratic leadership already have followed the course of the
"Mayflower" and with such a foundation
there should be, corresponding to these obligations and opportunities, scientific leadership in America.
progress
by
and
critical period
now im-
may be able to gain an advantage for ecology which previously has not
been accorded it, ami which its merits deservo.
There are evidences in several other
hues of activity which appear to harmonize
pending, they
witli the
The impor-
preceding suggestions.
is
alertness
much
subject
of
general
usefulness.
so
is
best to advance a
interest
and of such
ROBERT
Uv
when Dr.
'>.
now
A. L. Kroeber,
LOWIB
II.
among
b<
the
Arapafao, the department of anthropology of the American Museum lias been almosl continuously engaged
in an investigation of Plains Indian organizations.
Und.r the curatorship of >r Clark Wissler tlie
I
was pare. 'led out among different members of the staff. I>r. Wissler liimsrlf devoting his attention
and the Pawnee the last with the aid of Mr. James A Murie, a chief of the
while to Mr. Alanson Skinner were allotted the Plains Ojibwa and Beveral Southern Siouan
>r Pliny E. (Joddard the Sarcee, and to the present writer more particularly the Crow. Hidatsa
tribes, to
and Mandan, as well as a number of other tribes imperfectly known in this particular respect. After years
of labor this work lias now drawn t<.
conclusion and the final paper of a thousand-page volume is
field
tribe),
ed
under the
more general
of the
^..,.r...v
/'
title
results
may
be of
GE-SOCIKTIKS
occur, stricth
speakonly five of the Plains
Eidatsa, Mandan, BlackArapaho, and Gros Ventre, and the
the first-named may be taken as
among
ing,
tribes, the
foot,
Among
typical.
population was divided into about ten soeach composed of men or boys of
about the same age. An individual did not
belong to a society automatically by virtue
of his years, however; rather was he obliged
to buy membership in company with his agecieties,
ti
Th
3.
voung
is,
i>"\ s
of, saj
//..,'..,,,, ,;
,,,!
,..
<
purely on age would not involve anj entrance fee; on the other hand, if the purchase were essential,
bj were fellow-mem_
bers alwaj 9 of thi
it would seem
plausible thai on that assumption a well-todo youth might rapidly acquire one membei
ship after another until he had attained to
the highest rank.
This puzzle becomes all
more
the
pn ssing
peoples mi
tribes
cation,
ti
whi
ing
the
witl out
but
the
thai
the older
to
fix
high
to
twenty
even
they
humbly ad-
extoi
Foi
:.
and
give
when
requisite
ged
presents of
jaj
the
,
it
with
acted
mer membership.
It
as
appi
e,
the
in
I>o _'
averaged sixty
haps onlj
in
the
same
1840 all
were
Society
may have
thej
Si
tribe.
The astonishing
one and the
that
blankets
and
and
ers.
the
musicii
accompanied by thi
xplanai ion
had a rig
bought w
.-.m he. had never
This seemed to establish d< fii
sold.
predominance of the purchase notion.
If
tes
had any direct relation with
-ne that a group
I
I.
and so
in
iduals
forty-live
eral
ntially the
same rigmaro
con
essential!}
the
ioya to
not
particular
the
merely
pui
of
the
feasl
to
paraphernalia
that
find
possi
nigh
horses, and
sellers
the
whom
boys,
"fathers,"
as
we
Si
to
>
performing
summate
Some
suu, .nru.
r<iti--.
The Author
01
could
'..-il
be
simultaneously
con
uected with
d
ii
institution.
What
is
nnection
the
in-
with this
society at a
cally
uniform
in spite
i<
195
496
is
initial
to institutions of
The
same time he conceived the early division of male society to be according to three
distinct groups, such as boys, married men,
and old men.
This was a very plausible
assumption since such a rough classification
the
which have passed through the initial exAmong the Plains Indians the
permanence of the bond is emphasized by
the fact that the same group of individuals
which purchased the Stone Hammer membership will later buy the Kit Fox, Dog,
perience.
and
all
other organizations.
But
this is not
a single social experience, the initiation ceremony, through which all tribesmen have to
The indispensable thing is thus
merely that the first welding together should
establish a permanent bond of union.
We can, therefore, understand how as
many as ten or more age-groups could readily develop in a tribe without any conscious
It is
subdivision of the whole population.
also plain that age plays an important part,
since it is the bond that unites the boys before they collectively acquire the status of
Among the Plains Inthe lowest grade.
dians, the factor that unites individuals into
a group is really age, as Dr. Schurtz contended, but the factor that determined that
the group so constituted should become the
possessor of certain ceremonial and social
prerogatives, was purchase.
A very important problem is whether the
age-grading is the earliest bond of organiThe Plains Inzations in human society.
dian phenomena definitely contravene this
While it is true that some of
hypothesis.
the organizations seem to have originated
among the tribes with graded schemes,
other societies certainly developed elsewhere and were secondarily united with the
age series. There can be no doubt that in
some instances admission is based on purely
social considerations regardless of years,
while in others a certain form of religious
experience shared by a group of men constiIn short, age
tutes the sole bond of union.
pass.
is
Two
Academic Secretary
PROPERLY
tle
animals.
is
engaged
in the
and
seal herd;
progress was
When we
made toward
ago no
real
ascertaining them.
of
I,
Stanford Tim.
in-
I---
rm i- n
i/.a
ile
as
The two,
breeding season.
and four-
three,
is
to
the
New
sea.
and the
killing season
closes
early
Au-
in
gust, not because of exhaustion of the supply of killable animals, but because of an
undesirable condition of the skin- due to
shedding.
It is not possible, the
tion to
-i
The
its
first
and
de-
is
has, in addition,
Of
cattle
man can
send on'
one time.
there
be brought
togi
!
'
61
is
n!
They
any one
I.
iiii-u
Is,
lives,
Belves
can
and
be
the
at
up and
driven
counted.
r~li
those
in
tit
adult
females,
Tin
the pups a
approximation of the other non'oreeding
whicl
being indistinguishable
ales,
Rend before
at.
are not
breeding increment, come upon tinbreeding grounds gradually and mingle with
from them.
fair
is
the
of pups
hav
the Western
As each
seal
li;i
during the
time.
tle
thi
in
,|o
their positions
ing season.
make
the
als as in
in
possible to
simpli
so
is
it
five
Natu-
tin
merely
difficult in
important.
It
is
ahould not
kill
be so close as to leave an
insuffii
ii
1917
497
I!
'/'///;
IS
for
breeding purposes.
It
should be close
They came
in
into
and arbitrarily.
ing
life
from
killing.
later,
the
product
males.
period.
three-year-old
An
enumeration of
tinctive
full
To obtain
this
Under
female.
re-
life
we
A
fe-
in
dis-
differen-
No
ers.
tiation being
in 189(3
lagic sealing.
in
in
is
1913.
in
from twelve
to
in
1913 pointed
fifteen
owing
accomplished the preceding year. All problems connected with the herd were in a condition tn be most easily handled. The matter
herd ultimately
seal
was
to
the
somewhat
urgent,
moreover,
as
the
normal
lessees of the
span.
life
Fortunately
we have
sidelights on the
accidental
certain
problem of age.
In 1891-
under investigation
on
charges
of
illegal
upon
land sealing
of
seasons.
immediately
active or
outnumbering the
three to one. In 1901-
succeeding,
harem
bulls
ing.
so suddenly as to excite
ing then
and
movement
in
disappearance of these
to
idle bulls
But the
had nothing
discredit to
The annoyance
government employees and
First, as to the
the herd:
1
1;
was
/'<"/.'
ai-ii
count was
a
full
>mj iIisIk'.I.
made
:ilso
I/.
>/;.
totaling
expected to
81,984.
mt.
per cent.
luit
in
investigators, and
u\\
was made
third count
was
charge
in
gain of only
grounds
one
of
animals
of
n.n
the
was
eai lings
in
did
in
not
cm
i1
fix
with
.red
f.
1914,
in
in
iii
TUElll SO/J'T/OX
/7,v/;/./;.l/s ,|.\7>
T\Y<>
Fortu
ling
killing
killed as alleged.
season,
they
could
they
if
the
in
have
not
been
late
in
the fall
among
natural
affinities.
It
is
understood that enough of the
branded animals were killed in loll to fix
twelve and
respective!)
per
cenl
the annual
for
Wt
gain
herd.
the
in
maj
It
in
year-olils.
uumber
anima
--in old
ma
Is,
le
and
of three
female,
has
it
Lng
for
the
count the
is
estimate
must
an
substituted
to
reach
approximate determination of
its
condition
to
make
lies.
be
year.
to
a close
'mil
It
lie
always
will be possible
III
W hich the
rookery,
and
the
for
for
herd
expect satisfactory
t
each
as
re
ults.
and w
fails
fell
these
in
who
respects
The
sion of
ficient
mount recommendation,
in
Oat unlit be plan
thi
31
and
readil;
this
branding
r.
ot
six
hi
that
from
certain
he
limit
.._
iected
'
hi
or
rd
life
thousand
i
row
ot
manent
turn mark.
pel
in
1<H
would
in
its
This
until
L909,
was transferred
The position
of
ed, but
first
he mattei of suf-
para
it-
ge Of the herd
needs and problems his
,
1:
recoimi
when
to the
the
,i
fur
,,,.
s, ,,l
,.,
But
naturalist
ishei
to
the herd
thme appointees,
,,
ii
was
position,
the
and systemat
standardize
ic
at
id
that
the
vacant
work yi
to be begun.
yar. the present Si
In
Continued
..my.
a do\ ices,
desultory
lone
Commis-
-poctivoly of the
and
va
thi
further killing
considered
study.
he
number
896
ei
imeni
is
Seal
I'm
importance to urge, as
,|
life
pi
at
thi
of
those
in
ob
in
ill
held
ai
he h holi
looking to a determination of
fur seal
fullj
administra-
,,f
Ol
fllll
age harem
di\ idual
,.f
form of
smite
observations
To
pups each season as the herd grows
and
three
may
be able to
leaving the
except
.
jne
it.
agents
M useum
Journal, the
following persons have become members of
last issue of the
Since the
the
Museum
Notes
Km rgy, by Henry Fairfield Osborn, which
has just come from the press of Charles
of
The book represents the Hale Lectures delivered by Professor Osborn at Washington before the Naof the causes of evolution.
of growing
Mandan maize
American
Museum during the past summer was successful, although strictly test conditions were
the tulip bed in front of the
Many
and as the
different
stalks
were so
intermingled, some of the new crop has produced ears in which all these colors are combined. Other ears are entirely red, or blue,
The
or black, or white as the ease may be.
kernels are larger than the seed planted,
showing that if the Mandan maize were
grown in this part of the. country it would
made by
the
Owing
to investi-
It will
to
Dr.
of
Thomas
public
has
been
summoned
to
Museum held
W. Elmer Ekblaw of the
University of Illinois
1918,
this
in
and
Land Ex-
the Crocker
the
first
archaeological specimens.
series of
many
draw-
Food Ad-
Many
applications
have
been
received
accessible to
The Oriain tntd. Evolution of Lifr. on tinTheory of Action, Hi action, and IHit rue! ion
installed
formally
health,
Washington
ings by the
Academy
tional
Journal.
At
The experiment
in
new theory
the
many thousands
community as well as
girls who attend the
sand
of people in
MUSEUM NOTES
Juan
Dr.
B. Ambrosetti, a distinguished
and
Btudent
scientist
death occurred
whose
was one
Argentina,
of
Maj of
in
this year,
The
America.
in
archeology
literature
American
of
lias
the
by
as the
mismatics; Argent
ine Si ient
Museum
Ethnological
Institute.
He
was president of the first session of the con
gress and was an honorary vice president of
the Congress of Americanists.
On
anil
Argentina,
of
Fairfield
li
besides
serving
to
had
The
his
was
but
necessarily
de
His
t'erred
an
au-
as
thority on archaeolog-
the leading
ntists
Mrs.
while
\l,
the
world,
marriage
Osborn.
bis
Grant
of the
board of trustees, by
the
ognized
scientific
scientific
Argen-
in
Among
tina.
magazines
the
The
late Dr.
Juan
B.
liBentina
i/i/iii
the
nals
1/
bia
Natii
<
ih,
National Academy
Ui,
seum; Bulletin
and
of
I.,
Plata
Ei
'"
"
...
its
official
Pan American
to
thi
which met
Scientific Congress,
palasoi
Princeton
that
so
The weather
represented.
was
the
the lunch,
',t<
delegates
de
verte
I ait
II Ho
and 1
s.
Dr. Ambrosetti
was named by the Argentine goi
one of
and
University
<
of
favorable
i.i the
the
luxli
Hi,
Mite
the
1,\
of
partment
i.
and
Btaff
wives.
members
Innate
members of the
their
which
to
i,
son
nearly
standing
lt
The
cprc
Mr. Mn.li
peared
chanced
t'i
sixth aniii
of
Septem
until
been
August
foi
birthday,
scientific world.
position
visit
originally
planned
8,
in
his sixtieth
birthday.
Garri-
at
Hudson
honor of
work,
his
mi
son
of
home
iiis
proof
are
enty-five,
Henry
Osborn at
Professor
is
reports.
and
numbering about sev-
acter
8oi
ifii
gentina.
sity
501
B. Wilson
messages
oJ
'
President
<
Edmund
Professor
nil
"i
fr
j'.'itulatory
ol
Nicholas
Roosevelt,
Murray
Butler,
and
Madison
Grant, Pro
ton,
in
institutions:
I. it
wnj and
'
of
the
National
I'm
eterinarj
Mayor
Mitchel,
and
presided
at
the
ad
Mr.
A.
Lucas
Dr.
p.
B
i
'rofessot
Osborn
The
signatures.
forty-six
bearing
text of
this
fol-
lows:
TO
HENRY
FAIliFlF.l.li
OSBOEN
to
you by
nni
bring
this
Birthday.
Sixtii Hi
it',
tin
science.
II',
tions of scienct
fostered,
high
ideals
scientific
nobly
illus-
the
May
your spirit of
high enthusiasm, thoroughness and unwearying industry, sustained by tin cordial sympathy and cooperation which yon have always
American Senna.
characteristic of
Augusl
Allen
Gbatacaf
George F. Kunz
.1.
A.
Li.
P.
Hovky
Frank M. Ohapman
Jonathan Dwiqht
Roy W. Miner
F..
O.
Matthew
Walter Granger
Baentjm Brown
A. Hermann
W.
8,
1917.
N.
feet
in the
reservations.
The
dome-shaped
structure,
nutritious food,
bulbs,
Calkins
pottery
The
is
Their ware
Ohesteb A. Reeds
John Treadwell Nichols
William K. Gregory Cleveland H. Dodge
MADISON Grant
Frederic A. Li-cas
Theodore Roosevelt Percy r. Pyne
W. T. Hornaday
N. L. Britton
Ciias. H. Townsend
Geo. H. Sherwood
i;
W Tower
C. W. Beede
Raymond L. Ditmars
Mary C. Diokebson
Pliny Eablb Goddard S. H. Chubb
Albert Thomson
Clark Wissleb
Frank E. Lit/.
E. S. Christman
Fred H. Smyth
A. E. Anderson
Geo. N. Pindar
H. Lang
the
in
Besides these,
sunflowers,
add considerably
supply.
Ohas. W. Mead
shown
fruit.
Scott
as
have edible
Howard McGregor
.J.
W.
1>.
him
and practised.
May tin coming years further expand
trated
Jicarilla
cacti
berries,
nuts and
to the natural
food
Pine bark
gum to make
them more durable. It is in their basketry
that the Apaches display greatest artistic
Willow and sumach arc used, single
skill.
twigs for the foundation and split sap porcool they are coated with pinon
al
Designs are
st
exclusively
The Apache
opened
step
in
Indian
Bcene
in
the
life
in
making and
background, a
in
housebuilding.
canvas eleven
Eeet
high
The
by
cooperation
with
scientific
institutions
in
.-,111
Among
the in-
stitutions Dr.
the following:
Zoologieo,
Sao
Paulista.
Paulo,
Brazil;
Universidad
faulty
cional,
Recently
thirty-five girls
New
the various
techniques in weaving and in decorating tex-
tiles,
Argentina.
largest
of
collectors
visited
the
Eastman
will visit to
and
York's
Museum
to
study
tive
be
brought to
fishes,
light.
it
is
As regards
in
It is the intention
the
textile
Museum
facilities
of the
in this Hue.
the
hand,
other
are
comparatively
little
Eastman expects
Dr.
lections of
to
make
col-
The annual
Aquarium Society was held in the west assembly room of the American Museum from
October 12 to 14. Of especial interest were
the different species of Barbus shown this
year, one
many
prettily mottled
family,
most numerous
southern
in
Asia.
Their small
Mr. James
L. Clark,
who
is
with Mr.
likely
young
grass,
to
find
activity,
beautiful colors,
at-
cooperating
tained
mi, re
size,
bears feeding
The
New York
Hor-
the evening of
November
8.
on the
The
first
which was given on the afternoon of October 15, was the occasion of the formal opening of the newly reconstructed and redecorated auditorium of the American Museum.
(,!'
The
department of ornithology.
THE
AMERICAN MUSEUM
JOURNAL
BIG
HUNTING
GAME
IN
CHINA
PERMANENT
AGRICULTURE AND
DEMOCRACY
of Natural History
BOARD OF TRUSTEES
President
Second Vice-President
J. P. Morgan
Treasurer
Henry P. Davison
Adrian Iselin
First Vice-President
Secretary
administrative officers
Assistant Secretary
Assistant Treasurer
s
George H. Sherwood
Vertebrate Paleontology
Ph.D., Curator
Chester
Mineralogy
Emeritus
Anthropology
Clark Vv'issler, Ph.D., Curator
Pliny E. Goddard. Ph.D., Curator Ethnology
Robert H. Lowie, Ph.D., Assoc. Curator
Herbert J. Spinpen, Ph.D., Asst. Curator
Barrington Moore.
N. C.
Nelson. M.L.,
Asst. Curator
Asst. Curator
Sullivan, A.M., Assistant Physical
Charles W. Mead,
Invertebrate Zoology
LOOTS
B.
Anthropology
E. Crampton, Ph.D., Curator
Roy W. Miner. A.P... Assoc. Curator
Frank E. Lutz, Ph.D., Assoc. Curator
Henry
L.
P.
Herman
A. J. Mutohler, Assistant
WlLLABD G. Van Name, Ph.D., Assistant
Frank E. Watson. B.S., Assistant
W. M. Wiieei.er. Ph.D., Hon. Curator Social
Insects
A. L. Treadwei.l, Ph.D., Hon. Curator Annulata
Ohari.es W. Lent,, B.S., Hon. Curator Coleoptera
Public Ecalth
Charles -Edward A Winslow, M.S.,
G.
Curator
Frank M. Chapman, BcD., Curator Ornithology
Rnr 0. Andrews. i.,11., Asst. Cur. Mammalogy
ln.t.ER. Assoc. Curator Ornithology
H. E. Anthony, B S., Assistant Mammalogy
A.
Herbert Lang.
Ornithology
Public Education
i;
Fish u:
'r.vDt-:
Ann
l'h
A.M.. Curator
As-oc. Curator
.
E.
Assistant Mammalogy
A.B., A.
A.,
George H. Sherwood,
Berpetology
J.
Curator
Thomas
M. D.
C.
Research Associates
Crawford. Textiles. Anthropology
Charles
THE
AMERICAN MUSEUM
JOURNAL
DEVOTED TO NATURAL HISTORY. EXPLORATION. AND THE
DEVELOPMENT OP PUBLIC EDUCATION
THROUGH THE MUSEUM
December. 1017
VOI UMl
M.
NUMBI
"\>.t.
Borup Andrews on
tphed by Yvette
Liulr-Kimu
Ameri. an
the
Mn
Yunnan
ntainou- rririuns of
h.-iral
-.
K\
Yunnan, China
508
509
the Province of
in
on
Yunnan
>
hitherto unvisited by a
whi.-li
Picturesque
Yunnan
Yvktti-
of natives,
in unfri'tjuented part- of
Bori
Andrews
ii.<
i-iti*-
of
525
Kxpe-
ai
UrpuUi.-
tin- Clnni'v.-
L.
531
engaged in
is
no real
of
Bailed
II.
.,-nt
democracy
Terrestrial Life
Where conditions
Polar Environments
Why
Greeli
54*3
Ned Dearborn
551
\.
\\
ince
ai
M.-rmination and
at
from photographs
bj
the
.('.
II vi;
Mkimmam
551
<>!
from
:t
painting by 0.
Belgian Congo
II
'.
rbi rt
Hittell
Lang and
[ighl
;.
-i
lmi
d< licacj
P.
Ch
of the
lpin
558
Congolese
natii es
With
illustrations
from
Authors
>>!.,
Eopiland
Robert
Ch
A Nbti
-mi
Mi,
bronze used
Lowi
march with
lrles W.
Ed. D.
the First
Mead
">;
Cbabb
51
Oklahoma Infantry
579
[U
-lu.nl.
Jon
Perui
Notes
ptions
1 ht
mcienl
n,
Museum
of
II.
be
addressed
New York
City.
t..
In. ki B80N,
the
Amerii
.-
Bdito
Museum Journal,
77tl
A TYPICAL
down
to
the
508
the
sid'
!.
GORAL CLIFF
IN
YUNNAN
on
Mr. Andrews shot a goral which was standing
The animal leaped straight out into space and fe
precipice.
of this diffl
useum Journal
MERICAN
Volume XVII
Zoilf>t,'ira)
<1
ROT
('
the do
I'hr
pho
Little-Known
By
ni
II
A P M A X
A X D R E
from pbotogl
\ \
Yl
\.
fauna
i>
in
the
:o6logistj
proA in
this
mountains of
ridous
ii
ilic
i.i
is
-i
valleys of thi
life
thai
mid-tropics.
Yunnan
likened
a
t<>
furious
tin-
-ni''.
Article
:>nrl
illni
mountain waves
\,i-i
nml cros
Uthough
this to-
be formed, oevertheli
The
animals
which mighl be
ill
mammals
in
apparently mak-
mi|
surface of the
for thi
mi'i
in the extenl
Burma
tin-
ide
fever-
of
ili\
ng
th
stricken
is
oni
which
\-u. for
waj up the
such deep -
ifi
rivers as the
Yangtze
effective
barriers to migration.
forested,
necessary to go far
is
il
away from
traveled
routes,
Even then
can be found.
localities
widely
are
regions
the hunting
separated,
and
although one camp may prove an especially good one and a rich collection
may
made
he
times
it
is
in
a fort-
good"
to the
fore one.
expedition
field
pleasure, ami
is
not
all
the specter of
"making
Museum looms
large be-
Rut
at the
end
the hours
all
and only
in the wil-
derness remain.
the
all
province,
the large
with
game known
the
exception
in
of
dollars Mexican.
.'i
poured
goral
down from
was
on the
killed
cliff
the
just
shown
at
at
the
The
peaks above.
tin- edge of timher
left of the picture
first
line,
mammals
in
Yunnan
all
and serows, thi' so-called "goat antelopes," which are found only in Asia,
ami form an intermediate stage between
the true goats and the antelopes.
Another interesting member of this group
i-
and probably
of the Yangtze
ome
found south
In America, a close nl.it ive of
animals is the so-called Rocky
not
i-
River.
these
Mountain goat.
Although gorals and serows are comin some regions, nevertheless thej
are rare in museum collections, and bu1
is known of their habits and
little
very
mon
The
Expedition
The tin>ther hunters carried crossbows and poisoned arrows. The] wore
ivinarkalih good shots, and at a distance
of
two
hundred
feel
could place an
arrow in a six-
thirty-
systematic rela-
The
tionships.
Asiatic Zoological
secured
two gorals of ai
two speleasl
cies, and seven
times
other
later thai
Lows
world
such
parts
possesses
nan,
repre-
only
sentative
in
the
Amerii
a n
Museum.
One of
camps
the
hack
OUT
on
of
rifles
Snow
tieth
Mountain.
hi
Mr-.
of
Water."
the
an Hern
alayas,
Andrews
'I'll.,
in
front
fr
the
a
poured
We
had
The
ml,'
no,
tall
I
tent
,!,-,.
the
at
!,,,,
Our
were
arlj
feet,
'
tober
in
Heller -t
they were
down
hut
fr
hired
foui
picturesque
Moso
weaving
lor
at
the
into
by
ith
it
can
ring
iitv
our tents
Mr.
up,
of traps jusi
mammals
ith
dense
It
louds
We
minutes
in
in
hc in
si
of small
full
h e
and twen-
line,
gorals.
tHcniv
long
day,
fellows,
was armed n
spi
below -iimt
led
had
suddropped
anachronisms.
A -hort time
left
photo
10-
of
thei
thai
aftei
beautiful
\>\
thou :m,
!.,
an
twelve thousand
L916.
were
quipment were
expedition rod.
im-
at
altitude
of
Yun-
gh po
was
SDUr
of
and
Middle
Ages,
and with our
slopes
tlio
s<
we
denly
collecting
firs!
in
\\>r
evidence
now
thai
ross
were
throughoul the
more
remote
the
in
found
common
institu-
tion
of
out
We
Bve.
serows of three
withspecies;
no
"ui
doubt
as
51
to
were
not
-,
more than
yelp, a
ii.
almost
heard the
imme
around
a
our direcSuddenlj the hounds appeared
tion.
on the side of the cliff, and
i
the
>i
it
id'
the peak
in
at
had our
best opportunity to
observe
gorals
and
learn
a deep gorge
through a range of lulls
from seven to eight hun-
dred
high.
feet
A herd
of
about
li\
tainsides
\
Edmund
Mr.
border. Mr.
mammal
the
Museum
in excellent
collection,
which
*e Burma
as'lrrived
killed.
power
condition
rifles
front
of
form.
them was
I fired at
bounding gray
of from two
We
and as the crash of the little Mannup the gorge, the goral
licher echoed
ilnvw
itself into
It was
to the rocks below.
male with splendid horns
and. as it turned out, was the largest
specimen which we killed during the
and over on
a
fine
old
expedition.
It may appear unsportsman-like to
have hunted gorals with dogs, but in
particular region they could he
There was s>
killed in no other way.
this
much
twelve
thousand
fifteen
to
that a
I'cct.
"still
They
arc
vicious
quently hack up to
dogs,
and
fight
fighters,
a
(he
cliff,
from
thousand
a
month
goral.
anil
fre-
turn on the
At such
pack.
On
'1'
the
the
the
It
was
hundred
to
distances
four hundred
yards.
hill-
and watch
unconscious of
sively
i
among
leaves,
the
he
ami go
to sleep.
hoofed animals, hut doubled their forelees under them, stretched their necks
and hind legs >l raight mil. and rested on
o- a must uncomforttheir bellies, li
able looking attitude, and the first time
saw an animal resting thus I thoughl
it had been wounded. hut both Mr. Eeller
and myself saw them repeatedly at
other times, and realized that this was
\\
when
asleep.
distance and
shorl
<>
would run
he]
stop to
look
This
offered
the]
targets
excellent
the
The]
were
to
lying
down amo
who had mosl
very
difficuli
them when
it
sv
The
for
se\
times
watched wounded animals
nn across the stream.
era)
pluck]
the
game
splendid
gorals are
the]
ani-
brutes in-
little
see
when
our
but
extr:
would
often
eyesight,
as
-
native hunters,
nary
back.
513
be especially
discover
for
ber
among
life
the wonderful
in
aboi
happiesl
the.
the clouds,
bou:
hunts
Yunnan.
in
the edge of
at
he
snow.
While we wen
there were
be
mountain-
no gorals on a
were adepts
for they
side,
thai
roi k
to
con-
themselves,
pletely
biding,
bunch of grass or
of a
smallest crevice in
ceal
at
the]
speed
down
the
face of a
cliff
the expedi
tain
serow
much
a
is
The
natives of
Sha-liu, or
i-
is
of
se-
The
is
long whitish
Yunnan
h ild
iknow
th<
it- wt\ large
on
in
don
wild
ii
mane.
animal
Fukien it
this
call
but
When
ears.
alive, the
them
<
much as a buge
Mountain we found
nothing so
like
is
goat.
the Sno-w
In
Erom ten
living al altitudes ol
thousand
feet,
ng the
rabbit.
four
to
dense spruce
The animals
in
liffs.
There
were
certain
leading
trails
ever the
Til.
md much
sorts
foi
Many
oi
animals.
the
how
re-
we saw
hem
n ithoui
it
was
in-
Although
he aid
-.i'
and eventualh
chase
the
fighi
May.
Somel
at
all
he thickesi cover, so
le to kill
or early
of dogs or beaters.
pi
hich
teresting to see
ii
sigi
b]
We
sition
with
in a
if
rock
wall
hack.
short
almost certain
dogs
favorat
it-
ver]
rse,
the
coral,
it
i-
remarkably
agile.
The
first
coal-black,
this
faithful
lino
work.
would
string
speed,
of
out
course,
after
it
is
him
at
full
browc
Friend.
..ll.-.-l .-.I
in
Mm-
N.-iin-tiiii;
Itivcr gorge
serow
first
lage of
1
my
shotgun
which my
we
and
wore climbing along
exchanged
licher
skirted
bad
jusl
Mann-
had been
rifle
was
the
the
to
Icutter
hard
a
1
so
i<> gain
persuaded
fight
finally
but
follow
my
carrying,
twenty
denly
dashed
below
feel
when sud-
the edge,
large animal
from cover
disappeared for
It
second
in
little
moments afterward I
saw it running along
valley, but a few
gorg
seventy-five
yards away.
sank
tracks,
gave
vulsive
fired
and
instantly,
serow
the
in
its
con-
twist,
and
A splendid
walked into camp and began
.
"H
><
<
<<
<ivet
actually
to
fell
ii
we
We
discovered
showed us
trail
a
><
Icutter
steep thai
who
rolled
I'm-
ii
breaking
my
neck.
When we
finally
\\;i-
only to
Ige,
it
ma
which
of white
foam,
us
frontier
ail
The
fn.rii
animate do not
the top o
to the bottoi
titiea
ihiian
of
into coat
so called bee;
At the left, in a rift of the highest peak of tht
Mountain Range is a spur of the southwestern
Serows were killed at this camp
high.
MiH
of
irrel
arged,
it
tli--
mon
six
i-
feel
Yunnan
and the
long,
i
nd
use
stocli
1
tin
gun
pieci
is
to be
SI >c
The
j.ark
firvt
and one
It
st-rou- killed
otli^r
ider
of
the
the sercw
How
the water.
the animal
for
hanging
in
it
to fall
cliff
the river,
it
prove
will
new
he
to
to
science
it
is
where this specimen was killed. Securing this serow was one of the fortunate occurrences which sometimes
happen to a sportsman, hut one might
"still hunt" for even months without
of
obtained
tail,
when the
The first
Virginia deer.
ever saw one of these
time
animals was when
splendid
were bringing in
Sotenfa and
two gorals which we hail killed
the
he two
little
from
led
native
rows ma> he
;
t,
te
,
of
n feeding
these
cubs
condensed
when
it
was
kept
appeared
must pass.
Instead of coming our
where we expected, the dog appeared
esting
higher
up,
the
at
of
heels
<
because
elongated
greatly
rested
covered n
(in
Snow
the
bul il was
dangerous to
had 1
foi
deer,
to
later
shepherd
brough!
by
Lolo
instead
hunters
and
had
with
into the
cliff,
down
run
The
jac
munt-
red
om
ol
the
common
ani-
is
mosi
Indian
Ml
Irews
was
Hi
"" Ameri
spe-
tin*
dition
I
im
hese
j
and project
deer 1-
mg distance
i-
still.
At
on,,
if
ing
day, bul
ili''
tli.
it
i-
not
eas)
to
i-
almost
in
jii-l
in
re in
at
winter
the
we were
hibernal
much
Or
kill
uncomn
n hen
no!
ire
as
one without
hi
far
the
om- camps
of
in
are
V]
Chin,
!.-.
we had
These
porcupines
appearam
Yunnan and is
much larger than
other
back to a
as
quite differenl
throughout
mals
ii-
expected.
lu\ ing
of
or
'al
camp,
to
hounds
the
find
We
had
wounded
our
arrive
an-
in
which
ither
been
mals.
would
days
few
our
over
heartbroken
losing this animal,
a
that
find
in
greatly
l.
are
Mountain porcupines
were not uncommon, and when
hunting big game
were
we
often
i.
the
as
skull
trees,
missed
which
the
Er
.-i
I..,,
from
grow
pedicles
ith
-i
dis-
especially inter-
is
antlers
its
and
sign of dan-
the slightest
at
The muntjac
ger.
.v.'l
watch
sharp
1>
in
the
probably no tigers
1
near Tong
not
abundant,
north.
in
rnon
Tl
southern bordei
rds are certainly
but
near
th<
ml
s %
palm
and
civets,
are
in certain localities,
and
polecats,
common
at
River we obtained
interesting
pitched
the edge of
.in
number of very
The tents were
spei ies.
blazing
wood
Ii
ven
fire
acceptable.
always with
pleasurable anticipa-
the
lay a civet
tin'
regardli ss of
teers,
the
the
I'm-
was some
really
their excitement,
;inil
ause
he shol the
i
The
natives
was made by
we later found to
How gibThese animals were in fairly
large troops, ami would climb into the
top of a dead tree and call a
jungle 1"i' an hour or more almosl
A- soon a- the sun
even morning.
was well up the noise usually
hut if tin-re was a heavy fog or rain, it
would continue until ten ..
o'clock in the morning
was -H thick that it was wellpossible to find the monkey
when thev were calling, ami even then
;i
meant
gibl
the
live
lie
quietly
"lie
111
"I'
sh<n
mi
111
it
along
would
ami if
motionless,
so the monkeys
away without being
to steal
try
they
branch,
hour or
an
half
in-ill-
absolutely
range as
through
long
at
-v.
Sometimes
tn|i-.
l'l'inai
would
Then
ii.ir
ni-li'-.
spei d
wild
possibility
tlie
top
at
distance.
camp on
Later, while in
mule
It
like wail.
ng
Pass,
animal.
in-
shouts of the
.1
One
animal.
to eat
UINA
<
Im h
thi
we hunted
quite
1-
Nam-ting
the
"i
prised in
species from
tree
River.
Thes
difficult
to kill
Ai
would
they
el
thrOUgh
throw
to|l-
themselves
;l|
llel'ei
i]e
tameil n- by
thi
tried to follow
on
mu-shu
Ilu
large blai
different
fifty
Within
hail dis-
were running at
The
d.
nkeys would swing
branch ami throw themselves lil.'I
with
unerring
bons
ha,
into the
pre< ision.
next
tree
These
gib-
quiti
Rivi
louder, ami
w ith
less
of the siren-like
characteristic
of
half an
hour
ately
they were to
if
in
the
morning, ami it
them immedihe found at all.
much more
sever
interesting
Although
samhur
must
ha
to
52
whitish
expedition.
Mi!'
Mi.
h\
teller at
exceedingly
possible
it
is
[nsectivores
collections,
wo found that they had only beIndia was almost cut oil' from the
When we arrived at Calcutta,
Pacific.
whence ordinarily four or five ships a
number
Yunnan.
in
in-
stead
gun.
surprisingly large
have
are
always
are
able to
collections
not
brief re-
ii'w
but
interesting,
our
he
short
that
to
reached
The -mall
especially glad
safely,
male was
fine
Watien,
Burma frontier.
mammals of Yunnan
am
announce
sible to kill
shoi
on the
back.
important
acquisitions was a shrewlike animal of
Although exHylomys.
the genus
tremely rare in collections, our expedition obtained a large series of two
Probably one of our most
species.
mend
war time!
small
Hail
it
not
been
for the
companies
is
tanned ami
mal
made
Hying squirrel.
and
is
The
into coats.
nearly four
is
its tail,
feet
It
name
is
impossible to
to allow
ani-
of thousands of
awaiting shipment.
hundreds
long including
of a beautiful
mahogany
freight
tons
of
AI'TIIOR'S Note: The American Museum's Asiatic Zoological Expedition left New York in March
It was financed by the Jesup Fund
1916, for zoological exploration in the province of Yunnan. China.
American Museum, by Mr. and Mrs. Charles Bernheimer, Mr. and Mrs. Sidney M. Colgate, Messrs.
I'.owdoin. Henry C. Frick. C'hilds Friek, Lincoln Ellsworth, and Mrs, Adrian Hoffman Joline.
Borup Andrews, and myself.
Edmund
Heller,
Yvette
uiincl .if the expedition consisted of Mr.
Mr, Heller is a collector of wide experience, and his principal work was the collection of small mammals.
To his energy and perseverance was due the fact that the Museum secured an especially repreMrs. Andrews, who was in charge ei all
sentative collection which has arrived in excellent condition.
Hi,
photographic work of the expedition, was especially fitted through a long study of color photography,
which formed an important part of that phase of the work. My own efforts were devoted to the general
direction of the expedition and the hunting of big game.
Muring the year spent in the field the expedition traveled 2000 miles on horseback, and camped in 108
diiVercnt localities, at altitudes of from 1500 to 15,000 feet above sea level, along the borders of Tibet
and the Burma frontier. About 3000 specimens were collected, consisting of 2100 mammals. S00 birds.
Ten thousand feet of motion pictures were made, ton photographs, and 150 1'aget
ind -mi reptiles
of the
'
worked
Expedition of the American Museum, 1916 1917, nude* the leadership of Mr. Boj
remote parts ,.f the province of Yunnan, China, where no white man had
n het'ore. It hrought
back to New York a record of the country, the people, and of the work .if the expedition,
in the shape of 10,000 feet of motion picture lilm, 150 Paget natural
color plates, ami M0 black ami white negatives
Asiatic Zoological
in
or mor.
in
;,
class cities in
Some
Yunnan
of tie-
walls probably
They
arc-
all
walls,
were
still
II
%l
"1=1
u&%
"IU
>
2
=,8o
leg:
z
o
s a
.a
i
MP
5
H
- !
i-Ul
IPs
I*JJ
A CHINESE
declining in the
of binding the feet of girl children is probably
happily in
almost universal. Little girls less than eight or nine years old play
holding their tortured feet. In
the streets, bui as they grow older, they sit on the doorsteps, their faces twisted in pain,
Yunnan not even the women of the coolie class are exempt, and one sees them hobbling about in the fields, barely able
feet of the
to
walk on
528
Yunnan
woman.
it
is
still
The practice
A GORGE OF
rssrs
.5
g Z
-g
OC
UJ
h z
m-Oz
*"
S c
I s
f | * &
Iiiil
So
"illi&t
'
=i
1 5
1 1 J
; s
* J11
.| s
]l|
-s
o a
49 '?
S=g
<
41 I|j
l
Z
z
Jlflhi
= a 2
<
V 5
3 "
-5
2 g
'
2^1
l:
E
if*
I |
Hi
mil.
uj (-
,_
r;s
^ a
is
en
llage of Hui-yao.
left is
killed.
ried on
536
By
E.
L.
Til E
ture"
i-
discussion
the
cont ribution to
real
of
rural
affairs
in
we must
31
Ives
B A
and the
the future.
statement
on the planet
at the
retains
earth
its
is
It
highest expression
tin'
the
our brother's keeper
It
suggi -1
brother ho is yet to come.
altruism, ami the
perfect
the
st
being
of
truest
Sometime
socialism.
in
the time
ernment
when
concei
tin
with
coincides
tin-
d ot
goi
of
the
<
Ihina
is
of
vast
pie,
mercial sense,
Far
from
republic,
China
in a
air
the
lima
1-
tural phase,
people
and
of the population
in
still
still
under
to
adapt
reflection of the
rural
situa-
tion.
in
middle-class
com-
itself
itality
sover-
the
to
a ra< ial
om
and endui
anei
or rural status
went
pi
ta1
1-
problem.
in tin-
to
ion of
its
tvas to find at
last
an exhibition of per-
manent agriculture.
Here
is
solved the
maintaining
Here also is
have been solved the problem of
apparently,
of
the greatest
disposition
of
aci essories
'
human
waste,
of
the
thing like
and want,
"
its
said to
said to b
largely
n d
it
trying
problem,
in
chal-
of stimulating
resources,
plex of marvelous
situation in
unnumb
land of
1-
eignty,
tin-
The mere
situation
concern of mankind.
It has been said that permanent agriin
imi.
ideal- undeveloped.
primary
the
which government
beasts of burden, in
will
government,
CHINA
IN
L E V
1-
It
final
difficult
rural
for
of
Promotion
thi
II
Bb
of
Agricultural
:,:;s
remember
a
may
vet
live in
subjective civilization.
My
first
and
land,
this
friends.
divisions of
wastage of the
In the best-tilled parts of
partitions.
the coastal plain, possibly ten per cent
of the land sometimes is wasted by mere
land, the greater is the
embankments and
of the land also
division lines.
is
Much
surface.
Nevertheless,
it
just this
is
the
publicists
of
test
that
number
lying
agricultural
the
sustain
it
of
excellence
greatest
people which
is
present
in
fallacy
is
possible
the under-
discussions.
given numbers.
One
is
He
has never
the
cheerfully given
live
You
well
know
ing physical
with
vasi
It is
more
likely to be a
not
recent
ence of
The
duty of agriculture
is
men' grind-
fication of the
the classi-
fication
works
those
On
itself
who
out
practice
in
handle
actually
the
day
land.
a
and food, there can be no satisfactory
basis of five cents a
agriculture.
We
ci
use.
manual
the
many
highly
agricultural
developed
practices
of
the
Chinese and their neighbors. The Occident undoubtedly has much to learn
from these patient toilers who for tens
of centuries have produced supplies for
such crowding millions and have still
earth.
elimination of
tials.
all
frills
and unessen-
many
places,
Ihina.
first
toil,
national
In fact, it is
quite the opposite, for it looks only to
the present need and does not consider
the future.
cents
fifteen
profit,
matter what
wage of
daily
or
for a
and food,
cents
is
to
tail,
all
it
is
these
receive
pie
now projecting
the
human
progress.
taking
is
wo are
yet
larger
larger
results
human
of
on
lem
scavenger
the
now
larly
that \\c
carriers of disease.
applying
l>a-i>.
to
waste
i"
i-
disposition
settled.
the
for
land,
human
when
waste been
seweragi
it
waste
i-
ields.
and
labor,
doom him
condition
to
hope of personal
The problem
advancement.
o this respect, i- to produce the
ha-
thai
in
little
it
-i
more
ei
The acreage
invention
in the-
ireely
capita,
onomic
to the
u
says
ami
their
and
at
of the
soi ial
urately
3tated.
i
nut
pass
will
secure
can
tion
"(
production
in
their
phase.
rural
rural
populaadditional
sufficienl
means of
more masterful han-
the person, by
machinery and
population
speculal
mn
can
ai
be
little
tin- epoch.
more
than
is
prob-
It
and
d;i\
arts Of keeper-hip.
Probably
we assume
crease in
the earth.
we make
thai
mistake when
he presenl
population
Bui
is
to
rate of in
continue on
population
if
is
to in-
rease
to
.ill
one can say i> that the
farmer should nol he so reduced sooner
Certainly the man on
than others,
whom the maintenance of the race depends should nol also hear the burdens
race.
person
second edition
every
in
will
or tranthe
againsl
considered
ilization.
For
regions.
it
temporary
only
are
sitory,
of
>ur presenl
<
possibly
agricultural
famine
the
l,
the
ill
o the principle employed in the
manufacture of commercial fertilizers
or other treated and
lined products,
and ii"t en the principle of the stable.
Probably nowhere has the problem of
[f
Vet
Mich
used
be
is
rior,
\\
one
in
539
is
King
that then'
acres per
lem.
It
is
in
lucati
omplished
in
540
order.
and that
is,
adequate to
likely to he
not
men
with
my
not
is
Mays
of
what
incidentals
might
panaceas,
rather
but
terms
to
of
evaluate
in
With
Chinese themselves I
lie
greatest
to learn
the
Occident,
the
situation
am
in
The bearing
of the situation
maintenance of
on the
ture
el'
to the
marked
larly
si
is
particu-
in
itution of tlie
dentl]
body
politic
know
I
If the
it,
is
ye1
evi-
a German of
how the war
asked
office-holding class
the
the
in
countries.
different
Contrariwise,
zenith.
when
king
is
racy
is
member
Freedom
to de-
needs
much
as
it
peo-
so
it
Freedom is
should be self-discipline.
a condition antecedent to democracy
may
<>f all
racy.
is
Neither
farthest
is it
popular
politics.
tient
a gift.
anybody.
Democracy
You
cannot give
It
preparation.
is
result,
not
is primarily a sentiment
sentiment of personality. It is the
Democracy
people
democracy.
cannot be bestowed.
to
tution
No
restraint
only
it
Micii ty.
and
discipline
not constitute
not democracy:
is
ple
is
i>l'
days.
five
German people
leaders alone know it.
may
hen there
perfect
motion.
space of
democratic
society
We come now
the
of
feeling
everj
thai
develop
shall
the
part,
[ts
to be placed
is
de
be obviated or elimi-
i"
i-
nated.
Democracy
and
opportunities.
civic
"ii
whai
in
life,
It
is
man
is
progress, in what he
lectual
is
compe-
ted
of himself.
many ways:
action,
national
education, in
in
reli-
some pa rl icula r
ial
ordei
democracy is a form of
government is like saying thai religion
is a form of worship.
Democracy i> a
A democratic societ}
state of society.
gion,
To
in
say that
"l'
active ami
Essentially
We
live in
yet organization
mocracy,
now
i-
not
net as organization
i-
is
at
least
mands.
the
Here
failure
what
lies
of
the
movement
make
de-
must consider
present
fundamental
tin-
before
-hall not
ing when
of
Society
the
is
democracy,
in
fact
yet
Agriculturists
must -peak the truth, lie i- the fundamental fact not merely because he
produces supplies, but because to him
I
i-
and
him are we
to
the earth,
id'
our civic
in
rela-
,i
interests.
confronting
fairs
There
us,
All
have
heard
projected
point
id'
Let
me
consid-
from
the
or
tion
are
is
the criticisms
erable criticism.
industrial
give you
organization.
formula:
The farmer is part of his environment, matching himself into his bachground, perhaps unconsciously, much
as
bird
ii
is
quadruped.
matched, or n U
His /,lnn of operation, his
farm-management,
is
mi expression
mil because H
it
radically In unit
other person.
in
ability,
In-
fits.
.1-
will
operation so far
oi
is
public service on
The person
the other.
and
ability
II
of
worked
cannot shift
mm
tin- advice of
Ac himself develops
modify
his plan
he "'". but
of
ttir plrni
always must fit his place in the environment; mi great change is possible
unless his natural conditions change:
labor
in
democracy:
it-
make demands
I
ditions
situations
are
daily
primarilj
planet on which
we
rests
living.
Our
those of the
subsist.
The
can'
Manv
on
e.
farmer
range,
exemplifies,
what
"adaptation."
mliiiit
nun/
the
in
naturalist
The
human
the
knows
as
publicists, officials,
and
-eouence- of
others.
tlii
formula,
if
:>r.'
is
it
environmeiri
useless;
is
and
useless ad-
It is of no advantage
is harmful.
rail against the farmer any more
than against the wind or the rain. It
is idle to try to apply to him the pressures that are exerted on corporate
poultry, grind
management
the
staples,
is
consequence
of small
him or to condemn, to
him or against him, ex-
either to praise
it
may
farmer works,
we must allow him time to readjust
himself: he must take account of the
in
He
may
reasonably expect
him
The
operate.
to
natural
if
the
he
To
the hour.
output
is
a cer-
is
the need of
some
department,
considering limitations and particular
issues at stake, may be nonsense.
The
in
special
''labor
is
'
we know
method,
ganizational
as
to
The
its or-
democracy:
force
we know
quite
They
are forced
in self-defense because
to take action
fact,
Much
government
is
balancing of
forces
between different
tactions.
The
changed,
tions,
increase of
latitude that he
An
tain
to
It
to be considered.
vice
business.
and send it
same time: and
into Hour,
it
to
dle classes
purpose of
of the farmer
are deceitful.
omit
ma\
ing
From
many of
am
this
caution
do
ways sound.
We
mental.
but
in
It
is
not
is
not
al-
likely to be depart-'
we
arc also in
is
alls!
for the
to
poultry
but
department-
easy enough
say
that
we now
poultry.
One cannot
feed
grain
to
be
misleading.
corporate,
industrial,
labor,
and
>i
ingly.
5Tou
himself
is
may
Bearing
these fundamental
established
na-
the
in
am -mv
of
of situa-
it.
dollars
billion
by war
r-
time
unless we have
statement of outgo.
the incre
-.id-
To
of
191'
over I'M
-ay that
added
to
is
pri'
To
-a\
rali-ai in.
mid
ii
to -late
that
of farm prod-
II
in
loOSeh
;t
that
.an
To
I."
steam and
i-
establish
not
production oiih on
"iil\
a
machine
am
charge that he
The farmer
the commercial
in
sense,
Now and
income.
sell
without
"ri h"
pat ion
is
this
mer-
the c
in
'.
i.
likelj
i-
to
fluential
The
him.
idea
in
we
hand and
the
that
i-
industrj
as
et
use
si
soon
this
as
dan
om
of alarm
ad\
and
tin
those
farmer
is.
anywhere
touching
that the
oil'
the
problems
r.
labor
not deare as
acts
rator.
on
tion
selves.
fundamental
proiit
but
then
who have
make
-topped by turning
disci
the
to
profiteering.
is
"
save
the cow
am
am
his
iew as those of
war
represents
one fador
t
iv\
to
same
the
at
the
to
that
farmer:
the
natural situation.
control
sheep or a horse
a herd of -wine.
the hab-
affect
of
fending
other citizen:
much
that
the
ulture.
public
tions that
is
e:
fundamental
single
You understand
much open
This
tin' farmer is the one
population that caim.it
made no account
this advice
change
since
the
in
apply advice.
its
cannot
promise or
under-
fell t"
futile,
part
tial
of
toward
ridiculous.
method, which
political
method
of things,
attitudes
is
by argument.
The
mind
it
him, but he
like
for
rest
fa
in
considerations,
ture
nol
13
which
The
the farmer
the
old
is
pi-.-, nt
d to discipline
bul another
disposition
-so
expn
old
as
.1
Eact,
very
little
politically.
We are watching the two movements now before US with new interit is yet too early to measure their
It is now charged
accomplishments.
thai farmers are withholding the sowing of wheal in order to hold up the
In the first place, there is no
prices.
organization of farmers that can control the wheat situation; and if any
number of individuals reduced their
own production they would be playing
into the hands of the heavier producers
failed.
est
or of handlers.
It is
The movement of
me and will be inme so long as society
izing of agriculture.
the time
against
is
creasingly against
is
think that
organization
I
necessary
is
lects
perform,
to
become
not
in
order to
perform
the
sympathy
now contending.
Agriculture may
support which
manuWhether
acres
of
will
the
ities as
is
may
would
the remedies,
it
it
mands,
it.
The results on our
democracy may be dangerous and far-
begin to oppose
illustrated
Farm
the
in
field
of
labor.
same
dominate it on the farm there is
a natural day; the plants and animals
are governed by this day at any time
the weather may change the whole situation moreover, most of the farm labor
is also capitalistic, for the owner and
basis of other labor, nor can the
ideas
his
Hired labor
tion.
pail
<>f all
is
the labor:
minor
relatively a
it
is.
or should be.
ma\
Much
of
the
labor
hired
is
the
in
The
mass
of differing interests.
tricts, the
farmer
labor and
set
wait,
have preferred
even that the rural interests should undergo disadvantages rather than that
we
-h.
th
agriculture
to
th.
if
movements
they arc
pletely
into
forced
his
organized
of
labor
simply hire
disless
nature-farming
re
of
aericulluiv
am
PERMANENT
where
the sufficiency of
is
GRICl
soun
as a
ii
living
most
successful:
not
is
agriculture,
is
place
as i" the
On
society.
comprises
substratum
come the
to
On
rulers.
artists,
farm class
itself
rulers,
in
co-
artists,
class
needs: this
the
is
and
capable of
thinkers,
directly
racy
from
strata
lateral
subordinate,
will
provide
to
leaders, thinkers,
affairs,
leaders,
human
of
is
is
factor
producing
higher
subsistence
which are
operating
agriculture in
ni'
related
American
to
civil
theory
of
class.
You
the
will
farmer
thai the
subordinate or peasanl
new Letter understand
is
demo
in a
On
the
one
basis
name
the
resl
oligarchy,
aristocracy,
-\
autocracy,
arrogancy,
stems,
\\
of the government.
tyr-
hatever
<
But
poetry.
does not
ii
division of
tions,
and
it
it
and such freedom
new ownerships and combina-
as
to sell
ill
allow
it
in his
the
dom
man.
the
to
make
This
man
is
is
the
farmer
bui
to
in- '-t
and
civic
bound
piece of
as-
free-
of himself as
mi landlordism quite
no aristocracy
is
:
so difficull to dislodgi
Landlordism
agricultural
a
However
questions.
ma\ he
pic
the land
part
id'
few
families
polil ically,
is
held by
free
large
if
relatively
The world
ih'i
rest
ies ot
territorial
of
troubles
largely,
the iniquil
and
in
the
presenl
mostly, mi
fact
The
expansion.
world
is
from
good
the usurpations of feudalism and to
give hack to the people some of the
powers ami initiatives
pose
to
which we sup-
all
These man}
my
We
this
Iishing
of
idyls
There
and
so hateful
quiring
the
to
shall net he
hereditary
rest
the contrary.
permanent
to
China.
man
rling
land,
out of
rai
I.-,
every
that
>ei
belongs
notion
istic
and chained
mean
ei
i,
raise In-
the
>n
de
man
Yi>u
idea.
this
for the
Bj
has
'lima
think
that
serious difficulty
h ith
agriculture:
the most
i-
Ihina.
f the agriculture of China
is
permanent, then there is no outlook for
Chinese people except thai the}
shall remain just what they arc
The
same remark can he made for other
<
the
people-.
agriculture
of
this
type
is
to
l-
p<
mi
I
ice ol
whole.
We
musl
distinguish
MAJOR GENERAL
A.
W. GREELY
Commander
the
Internationa]
Franklin Bay.
erly
hind
region, show u
Environments
VITA
A.
W. G R E E
I.
rerj
wherein is
world-wide democracy, which i- stunted
in growth and threatened with extermination by an environment of irresponi
sible
often
autoi
nature presents
Set
rai
i"
similar aspects
the
of
forms of
of various
ti-ml their
the
scheme
Dr. C.
gist,
zones outlined
ions
adverse
conditions
suitable
for existence
life
is
e\
The
thereof.
controlling influi
plant
ire
confined
seems
to
the
Amern
such
as b
Within
the
Musei m
\\
polar environment
thai most,
31
and indeed
herein
ai
is
cer-
opmeni
ity
his
ti
Antarctica.
lowest
in
the
and
scantiest
hardiest
quantities the
species
views
An
found
polar zon
the readers of the
Journal.
While the
b a
millions of squa
irticle "ii
subject, although
the
however,
and
to
I
tin-
h ithin
segregating
Eactors in
idem
life, yet
importance.
on
land
of
biolo-
in
ii
largely
several
hi
of
m more
sen e, thi
upon the studies and
competent scientists along this or
parallel lines of polar phenomena.
\- is well known, certain extended
ii
are clearly
thi
solute dep
y< iai
American
re-
persona]
of
and limited
life
Man Merriam,
sulting from
or to secure
spi
ol
distinguished
set
eithi
life
own domination
ingly
I.
sei
of
life:
desolate
unvisited
yet
as
by
of
investigations
the
in
lished
Magazine
that
polar
An
expert,
article, pubGeographical
sets
forth that at
1906,
in
polar
Scottish
These unvisited areas have not demore than oil. nod square miles
creased
The unknown
cover
the
Arctic regions
square miles.
The
seas
id'
1,330,000
unknown regions
within the Antarctic circle aggregate
6,320,000 square miles, of which area
the continent of Antarctica includes
approximates
tinents of
it
life
alone that
sterile,
its
forms on
It
is
not
practically
inaccessible
coast
sands, of
lation
are
above the
if
not thou-
Here and
monotony and deso-
in thickness.
feet
relieved
ice of a
by the projection
barren peak in the
The
\delir Land,
The
average
annual
temperature
is
thirty
de-
The annual
temperature at the South Pole has been
estimated roughly at forty degrees beof the Antarctic Circle.
low
zero.
Scott,
it
may
be
recalled,
when hundreds
snow
drifts in
known
Antarctica
of
glaciation
us
to
has
new type
is
nent.
prevalent
by
its
cold
in
whole contiis
distin-
summer, beyond
The
made
of climate,
which
guished
the
in
world."
and most
tenacious forms.
may
It
nian,
few in
species.
It is interesting that a
That
it
the rocks of
the
front.
sustenance of terrestrial
life "ii the continent of Antarctica are
indii .-it'll l>\ the climatic conditions of
tures
slightly
so is read in
Pole.
of this
continent in past ages have been beautifully referred to by Dr. Hedley, who
549
now
continuance.
melts,
ice-mask
the
At
mantle.
last
green
Kink
soming
and of
flowers,
spreads
comes of
vision
of blos-
glades
Eoresl
rip-
in
lie
confronts.
It
that
is
to
Stokes
\V.
the
tic
mosl
sists
dozen
in
Weller
Professors Stuarl
importance.
that
the correlation of
they establish
"Middle or
Upper
beds
with
the
Cretaceous
India
tropica]
iitiiret ica
those
of
ice-clad
In tin- e
..pinion
with
of
ted ion
Dr.
to be
is
T.
II.
.!
noted the
n-eii.
the
of
Antarctic
bui
soil
to
the
severity
the
Seott
lasi
expedition
there
the stones.
to the
moved aboul
the springtails
In
Adelie
fresh-water
tom-,
I,
-l
mi Ited,
'The terrestrial
found
oi
among
life
terrestrial
life
i-
con-
insects
these
islands
is
in
twelve
Antarci
ic
forty-nine
sponding
in
le,
a ith
in
noi
hi
latitude
.one
Maine
\n
rn
not suc-
while unfortunatelj
,.|v
rabbits,
ounl
imported,
rat-,
etc..
visit-
lake-
Mawson found
algae,
and
There
also on Gaussberg,
bacteria,
in
dia-
rotifera,
were
mosses,
form-
there:
"Nowhere
tree, bui
of
terrestrial
i>
lasi
single
|.
It
fuel, and
itleafy branches
times to the heighi of fifteen to twenty
inch,-.
It
i- the main
forage for the
-took. Sheep and hoe- ea ( j|
1
greal
-vv
as
found
life
to he -ecu
them."
;md.
protozoa,
microscopic.
-cult-.
almosl entirel]
in- -hip-.
of the climate.
In
t-
of
ins
eye-visible
Dum-
sils.
Tm\
relish,
1.
in
dying out,
the rabbits make their burrows
as
amongsi these bunches and destroy the
Similarly the well-known Kerroots.
guelen cabbage is steadily disappearing, except on the islands and high
land unoccupied by the rabbits. Moles
Among the
and field mice abound.
numerous insects are wingless flies,
feet
in height.
is
It thus appears
etc."
most fertile and favorable
land presents extremely
ants,
spiders,
this
that
This plant
subantarctic
The
known
best
of these islands
This land
Georgia.
est to
is
is
from
perhaps South
of especial inter-
tained therefrom
tic
collections
American
of the
in
wild state.
The
Crozets,
Kerguelen Land, and other snow-covered austral islands have no land birds
of any kind, hut in South Georgia is to
he found a land species peculiar to the
island, a titlark
The
restrict
(Anthus antarcticus).
vegetation.
In
striking con-
The most
that
days
using
is-
to the ad-
named
I"
May
flies,
ami swarms of springtails. The freshwater lakes are devoid of fish. Considering the climate, it is remarkable that
so
much
Mur-
environment.
He says: "All summer
long hundred-ton ice blocks fell thunderingly from a beautiful valle\ glai iei
neai- by."
tic climate.
freezing point.
1,
all
On January
(our July)
Snow
every
able
the austral
much
Eorests,
it
days out
togams abound to the number of perhaps two hundred species, hut the vascular plants scarcely reach a score, and
is
sleet,
month
id'
of the year,
six
there
or eohl rain.
contrast
with
is
and on
falls
five
either snow.
What an unfavorArctic
conditions.
phenomena
later number of
may
the
be discussed in a
Journal.
Map
f.f
life
Why
A
Ami
we are prone
first
frit
to
led
E A R B
United
Since
protei tion
oi
"I'
tin-
fur-
tin-
fori
came Wesl
others which
the important
of
Su
Biological
population
need
States
for
of
forgei
the
>
of
man
Bureau
Till'.
NED
tj
of the
Furs?
LITTLE-KNOWN INDUSTR1
OF FUR FARMING
Biologist,
IXto
Own
pace, ami
French ami
\-
the
kr]it
new
in
the
'I
English explorers
N.'u
World
dians
fur,-,
fore
Marco
way
against
tin"'
whose
Polo,
narration
traveler,
of
Lr rv;it
his
wanderings
furs,
and the
formed
<>f
-""ii
braving
all
turist.
North
traders,
difficulties
for
Many
of
tin- firsl
settl d
\:
t"
whom
the Canadian
prov551
inces
on
start
road to
tlic
Today
the
is
American
North
furs
an
million
marEngland
annually
have
prosperity.
dollars.
trapper,
who
is
many
less
It is evident, there-
demand
this
artificial
the
To meet
these conditions a
new
in-
of
fur
il
be<
dangerous
to
handle
dustry
farming,
June
30, 1916,
amounted
to
more than
glance
at
the
is
ing animals
the
1
domesticated.
ordinary
-nine
fur-bearing animal
As
matter of
hearers
is
still
fact the
.-teailil\
in existence.
number
decreasing.
of fur
DriveD
tile
ad-
of
fur-bear-
Generally
in captivity.
num-
raising
up that
springing
or
there
is
every
All
in
reason
wild
to
state,
believe
and
that
Mnsteliila',
Canidai'
and
Ursid.-e,
which
embrace
weasels,
martens, sables, badgers, skunks,
wolverenes, otters, sea otters, fo\es, wolves, ami
hears; and the families of rodents which include
beavers, muskrats, squirrels, and marmots.
In a
broader sense the lerm applies to all animals which
yield pelts used in the preparation of marketable
the
117/}"
animals now
be
are readil]
of
ai
captivity.
this
new enterprise,
Experiments have
o\i n
furs.
ried
at
suitable for d
the
have
been
-i
i<
tested
which
those
partly tested
marten,
lie
this
for
have
silver fox
in
$30
ing
man]
been
doned.
as
to
predict
in
January,
1917
mi
days
those
ii
was
and,
Lat<
ov
ill''
to
busi-
a]
industry,
h ber
it
lias
id.i1
proved
those engaged
more than
in
it.
skunk,
in
the
tts
dium length
a
pression,
d<
has
orable,
etor]
animals bring-
live
After being
re\ ived
found
mosl
also.
is
lVi
-'-II
unprofitable and
Hemisphere, the
fox,
sufficient!] conclusive in
nimals
lounty,
money-making
been
onl]
Expi riments,
.)-.
in
pair.
ii
ame
have been
<
and
breed
period of financial
Among
ineida
<
seem
and of these
ation,
successfully
fur
fifty yi
America
ank, and
-i
bred
dark brown
nearl]
is
ion.
STorth
of
ers
bi
this
Ii
in
qi
fur
man
bi
li
their
aise
fur
lie
beautiful.
in
\\
in
oft,
:,:,:;
wild
thi
ol
Persons
fond of pets
eess
tamed.
tions
may
eventually
wild
finesl
specimens being
United
States,
is
the
ipped
i.i
the United
lias
thai
causes
use
commonly
was
districts,
well-settled
in
tried
Brst
domestica-
for
Today
number
skunk breeders
of
the other
all
This
of
reporl
were
in
months
simjililies
the
for
The trade
in
it.
amounts
remaining
ilen
its
as pleasing a
Its habit of
work of caring
skunk furs alone
in
mink
The
mal
the
all
pioneers in
until
farming had
fur
which year
in
1910,
London
to
pelts bringing
shipment of twenty-five
became public
that
many
engage
a- this
As si
was only natural
this
in
it
mone\ he
uliial
and mortgage
profit-
able business.
farm
his
to obtain
hail
more,
and con-
is
hut
which
is
found
nearly
in
and
States
fox.
all
This
Canada.
fox
is
Vulpes),
upper
in
parts
fos
fill's
191
ill
rife
I.
for
tion, for a
time
at least,
slopped.
lur-
are
by
remain as
producing the
and most
usual,
speculation became
pean war
entirely
replaced
rarest
Skins
id'
the
tiller
fifteen
at
live stock.
more
The value
ordinary farm
there
foxes,
than
Agri-
id'
1913,
ranches stocked
imln
industry.
for
they
makes quite
easily,
pel as a kitten.
l-land
in
monopoly
moved
Commissioner
the
culture of the
easily
is
the
coun-
in this
i-
try
This animal, so
even
found
fade to
to
it
ranch-bred cubs
six
1913 good
much
conditions,
..I'
carried
cessfully
mi
years
Prince
"l-e here in
in
and
first
about
1894
pair- of silver
runner of
number
l-land
of
capital
sufficient
in
or
the busi-
and
of the
there
United
are
fox
ranch on
in
Edward
present
territories of the
built
who had
At
ranches
inces
mere northern
eral of the
Slates.
on for
those
forth,
with
The
price-
for
United State-.
Prince Edward
and
slocked
Foxes,
great
large
l-land.
with
proved the
industry
in
healthy
return
the
the
to
stock,
development
of
moderate
and
steady
fos
farming
two
lore-
that re-
undertaking.
1-ike
all
business
NOT RAISE
IIY
are looked
quired
place
t>>
favorable
failure
is
mi
ii
work
the
less
capital
sufficient
for,
is
carried
litions
Eor
include a
as well
I,
as
"II
//
choosing
ii
fur bearer
and
consideration
first
much
study of the
farm, the
id
least
tant.
mental
moderate
ii
short hot
summer
not detri-
is
if
new
their
coats.
fur
harsh,
make
shine injures
ai ter.
It
wooded
winds tend
lr\
in
and
olor
to
har
in
quired to secure
that
and
last
suggests
effort
re-
di
least
at
'In
is
Ii
evident that
care as
of
in better
manj
wild animals as
in
of
has in oui
ii
Within
sixti
Edward
Prince
Island
their
built
were sending
eny and
market
to
Eos
finest
so
ii
Eai
is
should
strive
irding
perfect
to
some
to
\-
the
witl
as
11
is
very important
development of
finest
specimens of don
stoi
all
hi
and methods of
relative
The
ireeding.
n ild skins,
his
standard.
in the
ti
grove
ling
That careful and selective br
will produce greatly improved stock in
fr
nei
then
is
midst
the
in
everj
ani-
and
The farm
on
ven.
timid
are
fox,
prefer to kee
the
in
located
d a
The
the
d
other
some
us
in
than
re-
both
it
Eor thi
n es
I'm-
nt
is
an
quiet
mals,
of the
Eor the
site
R&
In and sunn}
ii.
suitable
localitj
I'Ol
animals,
These condi-
kind
under
on
the
nd to result
ist
Un-
linn basis.
re-
is
the pr
ss
of
value of breed-
demand and
in
coloring.
ality
Something of
for
\'uv
tl
Prolific
animals
to
ch
lice
11
quality of
by the native
course wo
ai
belonging
fur have
been
fixed,
are of
How
Mah-tah, the
Bats of the Belgian Congo*
rent popular value, a welcome, addition
food supply;
mammals
Bv
Hum
negro',
L A N G
E K B E R T
II
African
to tJu
in
A M E
HA
('
P.
1 I
object
Kxpeditiou
cif
the
si
explored and most interesting regions of Central Africa. As this area usually is considered
should a kindly fate
the mosl unhealthful on the globe, much depends on physical fitness,
The
lei
one escape from the hundred and one chances of infection by tropical diseases.
use of beasts of
nines the only mode of transportawas especially annoying, but. in the interior, porterage
For more than five years we were out of reach of railroads, telegraphs, and telephones,
tion.
and never heard a steam whistle or saw a motor ear. Tiif. AUTHORS.
1
BATS
from
known
Belgian
the
up
have,
the
to
very
Congo
present,
been
except
by a
little
ward
regions of the
Eorest
But
Congo an
or migrating.
in the trees,
in the
may cover
thou-
animals escaping
of
<
ever hearing
oul
he
(r
may
\,,i,
lection
of
1917,
Pis
,63
see
i,
Bj
uin
A.
B!l
Art.
J.
l.\
Distribution
thi
1
.,-.,11,11
'Jli
and
Hi
.!...,
i|,
nun
twentj nine
Ml
n cent
Herbert
Lang,
Uu. Nat.
XVIII. pp. 405and map.
pp. 405-478; Notes
list.
tii;iins
text
.'
>i\t\ ei-ht
are
approach.
IT
,.
(
197
his
XXXVII,
Vol
XLIY
Systematic
,,i
Allen,
lhapir
\i
at
,u,
i,
Bats.
.,,,
Brat
.,
different
bats,
of
which
The
discovered forms.
newlj
record ot their life histories
J.
nt
p]
,,
,,1'."
phe hj
fee!
Mr Lang
From
canopies.
the
tales
may
of
the na-
learn about
elephants
by
nately
thai
stories
Unfortuman-eating leopards
buffaloes.
or
of
women,
We know
are based
ften
on
facts.
of
at
least
To
call
for
help,
so
quickly did
he
In
armed
Our
sentinel.
excellent
illustrations.
,.,.,-, eld
monkeys,
passing'
Congo helped us
in
fill
sill
S-5SS
5 If s&l
h -s.a gag
5 85-aM
Sf?iS
si -81
|3
E -5|
OF THE BELG1
\im!
CONGO
:,:,ii
we had
as
ii-
i""
ai g(
to the
natives
small,
i
fame of bats
consider
spei
ii
mastiff
bats,
onl ribute
much
The
the
olonies,
as delicacies.
disagreeabl
lor
an
groes
in
esi
keen
inter-
more
satisfac-
grasshop-
Mi, in
or
pers
The
aterpillars.
rocky clefts,
rees,
aves,
on
are,
wi
li
ome
aumbi
of their greal
the
iii
her
igei
"bal
as
rs,
larger
and
villages,"
ii
in
he
finds fruil
gether
clusters
in
he
be-
lieves the
nol
i"
from the
wel
gel
amused
hi
younger
the
thai
ones,
li;i\
side,
complain
Mam
pairs
and
others
singly
sleep
or
in
the
in
matter
no
quickly emerges
snoul
from
its
dark
the
twitching
ings,and
ears
and
twinklingi
informatio
tropin.
i
less,
in
i-iil
ewfruitbatsjust
take wing, and
conclude thai
nt> -
behind
all
1
the day.
uketfula of what
bats
a
make
splinter
choice
ill'
fire,
condiment
bul
as
morsels spiked
I.
singed
the bowels
pressed
and
left
oul
in
just
great care
lief,
the]
Among
Mangbetu the
(Molossidae)
king
as
Roasted
fat.
the
wrinkle-lipped bats
are ofteii
broughl
to
the
forget
to
needles he
break out
is
Suspected
of an intention to
All
their
guilty of the
gravest offense.
murder
violence
\.f.
lie
ountry
al-
with
moisture-laden
the
accounts
the
for
vampires
atmosphere,
ripening
has,
In. h
of
(1
found
not
'<
ii
and
Vfrica,
il
fame am
mi bats
all
Fruit
in
common
Erica ca
tricts
sueb
nual
is
on
bul
of
ii
migrations,
effects
other kinds
frosts
appear
for a
ate
From
short tin*
of Africa
mbrellas
a dozen more
forms are known,
these
occur
everywhere as oc-
bat
When
;t
bat
eyes
sleeping
1*
migrate.
changes
and
scarcit}
ilie\
bring
abun-
are forced to
imported
hoM
fruit
;i-
make
This
and
resi-
Thus
dents.
Fruit
to
nearly
by
bats
t<>
Pteropodidae
Africa
and
tropi
the
;i
|>-
importance
a
few
-
are the
stricted
have
the
danger
i
;i
ver
the
leaves
allows
<>f
pea red.
seasonal
alternating
time
sun
of ill"
little
here
well-defined
Within
short
fore
.
about
ellllM
verj
khaki-coli
strag-
As
the
temper-
Inn
glers.
on
during
<>hl\
casional
heavj
of
in
gestsitself.
b
resl
uli
'
I'eu
ill-
barren
fre-
quent
in;i\
"shrubs
the
left
In
regioi
common,
and
intry
Mosl of these
leasl
have
lire>
fruit
every
scar-
cest
kinds of
bats
Fruit
of course
is
are
by only
twenty-fiv<
cm
and
iiny
ii
uninter-
Eoresl
litcil
well-
uli
square
>f
ruptei
bt
than
mo
-c
id
dis-
forest
the
two hunand
fifty
Hi
inh;
in
covered
ruin
condil ions.
yel
uralh more
tfowhei
find
il.\
but
roosts
lished
a re rial
supply.
they,
yet
all
crease the e\
eontinuallv
more than
fruits
561
absent
steady temperature
n!'
CONGO
the
southern
the
in
adjusting
it
Ethiopian
Bubregions
migraton
flights,
within
thrin
range
fragrance
the
of
ripening
of
frail
th.".
if
chose t"
country
trave] across
between
and
grees
north
the
regard to
migrations
regular
"laTge
and
and
record,
on
are
de-
of
observa-
positive
tions with
only
five
Although
equator.
no
degrees
five
south
flights"
num-
"great
ng
date
without
bers,"
the
in
belly,
and
relatively
descriptions
by various travelers,
occurrence
the
several species
of
Eido-
helvnm. Rousset-
lon
tus leachi.Roussett'us
Epomo-
agyptiacus,
phorus
wahlbergi,
Epomophorus
rus)
anu-
and
ern
southern
good reason to
migration as
suggest
the only
possible so-
ence throughoul
the
they
wmild
have
to
main
in
one region
ring spread of
a
peli)
the largest
of
the
feet
makes
inseel feeding
tins
"haws
species
in
bat"
Africa.
[Sacco
Often
nights,
dozen
or
so
The
fruit-eating
ord.
The gener-
long thumb,
finger;
.'
as a
hand
while
CONGO
When
feeding.
Kais are
THE BELG1
use
its
the
at
rest,
membranes
are
against
rain
as
the
sun.
these
stensible
often
folded
protei tion
.1
or
tl
'ontrarv
the
to
when
bats,
let
and
same injurious
thej
highh devel-
nse orga qs in
rhe
anes
birds,
as
effect
lack
heir ing
tail
either
is
them
Eor
means
of
onlj
is
from tree to
and nol an
travel
importanl
factor
the rapid
in
the
in
sectivorous bats.
specialized
forms
Tli.
that
the
most
times dis-
at
unities
fast-fly-
ase of in-
them
place
successful
1
iuth
wider than
mammals and
son with the
n id
Such
lows or goatsuckers.
-
Ever] insect
i"
other
net.
li.
We
greatly
more or
nasal
less
easy
to
see
;!?--,
wireless
he fastest
among them.
time the
Thus
Their suc-
cess
oul
that
calls
shot
"ii
the wing.
They
literally
cut
eyes,
appei
forth
among
in
t >
branches
'
arrow
as in those thai
thai
the
ndn
The
in
objects,
<
fly
as swallows, oj
to dust
of
proximity
the
and
as swiftl}
inded, as
flutter
aimless
aboul apparently
fashion
of
butterflies.
KIM
wii
sofl
to
mes
inded,
thorough^
arc
'
ised
closed
in
indoWs
seemed
ilanct
powi
n|'
this
zoogeographers
trui'
<)n
flight.
locomotion;
ffective
them
excluded
Erora
species
as with
just
birds of the
forest
ami birds of the plains, about twentyfive forms arc endemic to the rain forest ami about thirty to the open country.
Five others may occur everywhere
because they follow closely in the wake
of man ami live either in the native
plantations or in ami about human
dwellings.
Seme
are
by
their
of
the
however,
is
Central
more
fai
Asiatic
the
most
African
bats
than
interesting
relatives,
among
gigantic
which,
of
all
ures one
the hammer-headed
bal
Hypsignathus monstrosus), measures
ami a quarter inches in length
anil has a wing spread of three feet
two inches. These arc the strangest of
the hats ami the male- are absoall
Chiroptera,
I
onl\ ten
Imt
among
ture
males
at
is
all
least.
among mammals
The larynx
almost completely
of
adult
ossilieil
ami
ally
OF THE BELG1
B ITS
ba< k
toward the
pi
l\
ic
region
COXGO
although
ip.
other
al
th
ned
mi
Further
proportion.
Indeed,
frogs.
re,
so
sidi
the
old
The
to
set
nativi
males had
into
cause
I,
for
W hatever
their
rapidly
completely
seems
be designed
to
fungus than
live
th.ir
plump
bodies.
the
in
everything
produce con-
to
In
bats
their
manner
equalh
are
large
relatively
tin
feeding,
of
interesting
teeth
these
I
The hardened
mi
ruffles
in
nose
the pulp
loosen
tongui
the
manner
the
instead
of
probabh
a
inside the
of
In the n-anii
snout,
pig's
to
The
fruit
becoming
ees.
to
r.f
monkey
far-souncl-
rerberating sound.
of
to
ier
its
sun-
fr
everything
is
subordinated
In the how
famous
assured us thai
deaf.
the
complete!}
Alouatta
females,
mai
eroak
to
re
will, as in
when
no
In
the]
with
ih.ir
.l:irk
uing lump*
ghting
fur
hen
si
of a spoon.
helps
and
The mosl freipicnt ami greatesl wanderer anion-- African fruit bats is the
tip,
The
to
is
upper parts the channels reach as far hack as the ear. These
ami the lips function evidently as muscular pouches to squeeze oul the pulp
of the fruits. The oesophagus is so narrow thai only juices can pass.
This
fad offers an explanation for the greal
patches of fresh pulp often found toloose,
in
its
with
gether
remnants of spoiled
the
fruits underneath the boughs that appear to be used as their habitual dining
halls.
"roussette"
in
num-
great
shortlv
after
when
sunset
According
leisurely
them,
stealing
too,
gOVernmenl
ripe
They
posts.
fruit
the
beneath
are especially
though the
dense
canopies;
tive plantations in
One
of
the epaulei
franqueti franqueti)
its
vocal
sound more
like
bats
is
Its
efforts.
also
however,
do
as
forests,
the
the
not
for,
al-
sigh!
large,
discovery.
damage
na-
to
West African
these
do
no!
trees,
ex-
there
negroes
any indigenous
plant
cept
its
hats cause no
Fruit
(Epomops
known for
calls,
is
it
that
the
in
our experience
to
fruit
ring intermittently
ness of the
listening to a hat.
reiterate.!
tirelessly
emitted
by
mammal.
little
bird
The high-pitched,
seems
note
rather
Questioning
than
natives
to
by
is
to
is
tastes
human
race.
the
rees
distribution
of
valuable
fruit
tations,
Hypsignathus
be birds and w
noise,
bul
their
vocal
larged
comparatively
popular
name
large
-real
as
figs
quantities,
inip
or
guavas
we can
fruits
in
fairly
easily
imag-
fruit
hat-
propagatio
the
in
fruit-bearing trees.
am
pass
may even
It
sean
in
itr\
of
1
r
uevi
hi
Lophomops)
that
relation
close
number
to
of
rested
bats
identh
e\
have made
wend
leopard
ii-
of
gave up
also
rov d
some even
of
We
thatch.
in the
this
in
houses,
in
stati
hollow
plaintive
had
Wi
ver
were especially
ami
to
make
with
us
sure
ol'
lie
slowly,
rearm-,
the
jilence,
came
alive.
we
To
,.-,
Im,\ -.
he "deN M-" came down upon us.
Although the volume of whirring noises
done dared
to
inquire into
sturbanee.
ili\ id--,
tier
few lucky
of had
Our
,
11.
her.
irn the
daylight.
i-
,-
It
re-
eld
A- we
wondered
e could gel the bats: bul a- the
manifold echoes of our voices broke tin
to
encircled
su
numbers
the
a
at
e.
two Of OUT
trusted boys,^ awe and Choma
the
within
natives
tlie
ol
urren
re,
heard
voices
mosl of
spectful distant
bats
for
the Ian- of
it
ire -
clinging
ii
num-
It
\*
Tl
ictims.
two hut
ho\i
known
any
The pap
the
hy-
tb
sanctuan
real
tales
ceded hul
\
prising were
in
notablj
too
fissun
Vboul
Fair]
time skimming over rivers ami shooting about clearings or over the bus]
country in pursuit of its habitual prey,
so
mammals,
cavern,
Eound
not
country,
ami their
raxes,
inha
thirl
figs.
ild
birds
ol
level
certain peculiar
bers of bats
for
mere
.v.;
be an effecti
should certainly
ONGO
a-
sur
monkeys
similar agencies of
Jusl
we explained
to
them
that
i.li
were new
t"
kill
one
bats.
Noted
Bv
NOTHING
the
close
linguist
a blj
iim
.-
that
illI
n..
ii
telling
sample of
lany.ia-r ami
hand
in
most
superficial
hand.
There
relat ives.
ic
obsei
thi
ii
ei
prii
and anothei
raveli d
as
he Shoshone,
But
Paiute.
.. ive
of
Not
potterj
"t'
Q1
10
without
ibes.
many
less
hed run
throw up
houses
l:" et
illages
their
potti
itivi
mot
ii;i
incipal
in
to
1.
in
Hi,
in
mpt
Thej
a,
affiliat ion
are
lat
similar
it
The
in
ver;
I'l.iii
oi
his
la
mm Lai,
I,-
tionship terminology.
have
features
the
approaches
-ans have
loselj
in
their rela-
in
Thus, the;
quit.
jam. they
modern,
rocalh
s re
of
object of
my two
investigate
the
i.
relat ivi
imple
visits
Hopi
which
she
addresses
him.
to
at
i.
villages,
in,
I.
nomenclature
ter-
Walpi,
iduals
that
By
largely
relat ives
all
iri
this is
meant that
her
in
imli
'
Poi
bi
my
ex
fat h
father,
that
is,
methods
we
elatives,
refli
same clan as my
Middle mesa
all.
ization.
ample,
the
boy will
ic
kinship
distini
and
clans;
ah
two
foi
;et
find
and
drawn
Hail
alls.
'I
latter
the truth.
,
they
at a ad
thi
numbei
thi
But for
Ian
ing
known
ii.ii.i,
ii
the
i
the theot
Shu
in
'Int.
ti
their
of
I.
was
ii
despair;
1916,
thi
Ian
<
to
by
pi
ause
I..',
With
The
important
ilarlj
sper
Since
seemed
it
vith
highly develop, d
ta to test
Mexico.
tei
ives;
.oiisi.lcral.il-
heme,
si
hi
hip and
tl
elan system of
ith a
and anot
dians have
Earn
at
in
of
"loose"
"Kin
ii
scholai
pub
thi
which
in
the
to
pe had just
tj
of the artist bj
into
omi
hands
his
tied
it
nrists in a desert
ii
to
ritei
this
Rivers'
I.'.
the Zuni,
t..
Hopi have
of
nt
li
or
1915
until in
thi
mat
II.
minologj
tei
of the Indian
hand,
the othei
ii,
ami
iew,
spectacular ritualist
tlu-
organized
looselj
Briti
of kinship
gnorant of
lest
prai
iew
present
Organization,"
uished
W.
of Dr.
Si, rial
small
primitive
Eroebei
thi
lei
that
on
most
the
ti.m
lov liest
life,
iny
-.ulisi-t
usin-j
roots,
he
American
munail
roving
the
game and
rep] esent
ined
[nvestigat ions ot
The
nil.
ema
Professoi
social organization,
practically
Plateau Shoshoneans
Hopi.
useum despatched
\l
and customs
of arts
poinl
in
Pa
e,
ican
hi
had
mi tin- point of
i.
dition undei
family
a
\
prob
the
is
has
lie
Soul hwi
know
need mil go
.-iiltim-
L<> \V
II.
the
In
thi
mode
Hopiland
in
E R
more remarkabl
is
lnj'i
ill,
OB
I!
Ian,
my
mother's
MERICAN
THE
same clan as my
the
.-<-(-<n-<l
class
widely
verj
distineuished by
in
but a
:il
obviously
is
as
in
no
for
felloe clans
is
witnessed onlj a
During mj first stay
single ceremony, the Niman Kateina (Kachinai.
The llopi divide their ceremonial
I
reached
happiest
We
used
to
father's elan
ward.
by the
As
waj
The
from
.-Ian
iiiqii
facts,
single term
is
his
theory
in
the other.
The
treasured
Niman
in
nates the
The
by the children as dolls.
"Home-going" ceremony termimummers' season. In the summer
was almost "surfeited with honey"
of 1916 I
eremonial way.
I attended two performances of the Snake Dance, saw the Flute
Dance, the Mamajau'to, and tin entirely
All of
anomalous Kateina performance.
i
proved
to
l.e
inextricably
ism.
data.
kinship
expressing the
of
denote any
in
the
offices
Fu
brother.
differ
not a cousin
is
"father,"
of the father.
who
relatives
point of age.
man
together
in
father's sister
English,
.it
some of the
is
in
separate
hi'
of the
But
performances.
;ic
n.uiv
word.
JOURNAL
MI'Sh'I'M
brother, and
father's
all
the
NOTED
exception
..in
dance
illness.
pro
rning and
the
in
There can
bi
answered
it
theatrical
of
Katcina
special
.\SI>
L916
in
a First mesa
I.
Katcina
Bui
Hon
ac-
jl\
certain
IS
which
last-mentioned,
the
of
pi
plaza
Back
tators.
was
of
Tewa
tin
purposes
the
iveri
of
this
arose.
It
difficulty
to
have
farewell of
official
the Katcinas.
il
all
mighl
thai
some
medieval
comprises three
which
movi.
have shed
The
casuist.
luster
on
mesa
First
villages,-
are
inhabited
Hopi;
by
and
d.
mesa is alway
the Hopi ai g
celebi ated al
is ti
i1
I,
Wa
I.
ectoi
iolenl
hest,
bi
's
hand.
While they
relatively
mild
it
The
celebration of
final
si
that
in
passing
pinch
beating
from
ompleting
one
ach
the
till
side
ot
five n
it
In the afternoon
to
the
at a time.
,
chair
big
chant,
their
tl
disting
on
The rank ai
senting some horned
of
li
Two unmasked
m. -nt.
ui
capers
le
i-
spi
and
II
vigorously
ity.
vigor,
with
this
klint; the
dancers,
left
in
the
were equipped
now
line,
lostum.
feathered headdress.
in
were indulging
wh
men
'
held
Kal
ceren
Ho'nau'6,
and
ime
'
fai
om
wand
capable.
ivas
the traditionally
na!
111
outside their
no Kati ina
od
feathered
tended
teerest
ilre.l
an.
his
I]
bi
a line
instrument,
his
of the Firsl
ue thai
i-
it
beating
signaled
nan'.,
\ iman at Walpi
people
forming
tile,
began
Grand.
Rio
the
Ho
.lance.
llano,
Tewa of
and
seat
execute
things.
single
in
was
tessai
Niman. But here
was logically absurd
after the
it
solemn entrance
three clowns,
who thenceforth
weie
ll..).
all
i.
clout,
address
had
ee
f
th.
they produced a
cipal
n to
..1
The.
ch
s|
wa-
crude
double
From
sheepskin.
sent. .
their
costume consisted of
of rags and a
footgeai
daubed
and I. lack paint.
"the hoi
Malice
the
plant.-
little
doll,
then housekeeper.
aims seemed
t..
to symbolizi
From somewhere
clowns."
and
One of
be to gathi
ti
their prin-
llelwldn-ss
is
lllr
|i]r,l
L-rV
uf
Ill
dancers
in
on sue!
asions
NOTED
much f
fair means
as
tiny
as
were able
eat
in
presence
the
gel
IN HOPIL
of
ensed
the)
Thi oughout
hai ior.
attempted
to
the
exeiti
he aftei a
mi] th
of
tit,
niv
him, he inn
liately
ami
vanta".'' ".roiin.l
in
demanded an indemnity,
tin-
dashed up to
I,
of
been
gious and
to
fail
to
supplil
bend nature
ligioua
in. li",!iat
asking
hei
hei
to the line of
to
intei
pn
ion
-,n/,-,
arena
msomed with
n
general
the
ted
repeated!)
Nothing
gaiety.
ludicrous than
an.
thi
the
added
could
to
till
though
evi a
rfoi
I"
iii.il
man,
ma
pi iestl
head
the
undei
1,
hen
i'>,
throng of
mi
whati
hold
,
an be
a to tho fraternity
with tenfold
hut
ih.
t..
,,ut
tin illed
b)
tin
in
mi aning
tiate
beauty an,
th,
who are
beholders
secrel
vei
foi
to
hut
I,
the
who
solemnity
Homeric laugh-
In the
ter by th,- clowns' extravaganza.
dance described there was undoubtedly, over
and above an) other significance, a dominant
element of fan e and vaudeville but it seems
;
Similai scenes
a gift.
ritualism.
in
ii
hal
p.
SUpei nut
force
,,t'
ings
.-
group togethei
-lnit
stand
t
to the will of a
ii
won
ami
ti
eonductin,
I.
at,-
English
i
cere
apiece
dancers
in.
ostensible objei
th.
primitive
t<>
1,
The)
v\
to
to theil
it
leveling a
broken
mo,
ha-
interpreter called
monies.
,,t'
m)
regard
with
developed
li
"home."
then- victims.
to task b)
Cbex Kat.-ina. as
rhi
of the buffoons
the part
573
pain on
when taken
the
entire audience.
Tliis.
VD
fear an.
b)
would then
brazen-facedly
to
ritual-
that
likel)
holds
thi
he)
for
aie
<
coi
the
not
responding inter
most
seri
merely
relig
iginal
drama.
proper proportu
Bronze
Prehistoric
Hv
CIIA
South America
in
H L B S
certain
of
kinds
stone
or
mineral
lowed.
Metal
Bronze,
an
alloy
of
copper
and
tin,
is
1)
sible that
ally
ence.
The
E A
It
W.
tc
the
addition
in
many ways
to
speaking,
the
term
"copper"
should
malleable,
it
is
making imple-
mixture
Such
two or
of
alloys
come
category, although
application
as the tin
much
under
in
the
in
accidental
may
be acci
dental.
It has been affirmed by
containing
tin.
tin-copper
opinion
smelted
as
so
proportions
produce
as
proporl ion of
tin,
othei
ments bj
preparing
[n
in
claimed
to
of
hole
refuting
statement
stone
tin
which he
bj
The metals
copper ore
:i
possession of considerable mi
The
absei
tin
Bui n
is
the
nishes
the
interesting
eai
which
chemical,
with
mosl
The
question.
the
nisi
Ij
pos
tivelj
making
..1
I
bi
us that
tells
fur
on
data
tate
completely
Furthermore,
differ
in
that
that
presence being
it-
mosl cases.
ii
conjunction
and
bronze resulted
tin n
the
the
remarkably
the
in
mi
state
indisputably
proved
Pro
of
possibility
also.
primitive
in
illoj
have
elude
to varj
thii
ate
and obta
thai
tin
these
smelted
he
this
and
the
furnace
:i
merely
consisting
form,
was found
jects
high as
such
Gowland 2 answered
ground,
metal
in
contain a sufficient
eliminating
ithout
be
would be impo
it
the
tin
bronze;
form
to
nil
the
to
mixed
of copper and
led
could
to
only
onsisl ing
have
ores 1
nom
thai
AMERIC
Til
hi-
[nca
mineral vein or
the ground, in a
Ores
ates,
oi
found are as
so
i
he mosl
easily
m metals
with
verj
primitive "hole
the
in
ground" fur
the
Now
imple
the
numbers
found
places within
much
difference of opinion
tional or purelj
which
opper
tl
ii'1
among
i:nn.
these
other impui
found
is
.is
othi
woi
ds,
tin
ities,
in
such
these objects
in
by
and
ob
je<
..i
With
lem,
:i
smelted
prod
ii
view
ing a
with
>^;.-t li.-i
to the solut
for
Ph
s.-uiii.'
port
ol
of
Alfred
tin
.Tenkin,
Mu
these ob
iii
an
.
in
/'..
published
mines,
\v.
Mr
in
Prehistorii
situ
his duties
on
Artt
thai
di
los
thi
were acqi
per mixture and employed it to give hard
ess fi their instruments and :uiin.
Pathei
i
liis
have
nn.i
account
in
estimating
is
parenl
the
known
his
n living at the
in
facts
must
In. linns
time of the C
In ins
|uesl
ire,
'
ii
his day.
chapter on
well
tin
he
modern
analysts
"in
"Not fai
margin of the
Chucuyto Lake, tarward tl
1 1
In this he stati
Uetales.
the
was
ng district
of
of
tun.-."
.ii.'lit
seventeenth centui
in thi
i.
this prob-
Museum
American
the
ated
oppei and
Bolivia have
the
into
172 analyses
made
the
in
Peruvian em
to Sii
mentioned thirty
such large
in
burial
prehistorii
in
is
Early
m;
"In the Pentateuch, excluding Deute
bronze, or us ii is unfortunately translated,
brass,
nts
tin
bi
trea
bj
wrote,
Europe us well us
in
an
difficulty
little
brass
rule oxides
the towns
this metal
Wissler,
In
Mori
Book
Morey.
-
rples
II
chnp
XV
them by."
The
localities
From
or
Lake
at
This
clear
is
it
is
it.
that
particularly
in
maximum
in Bolivia
the
in
and
This
by the analyses
made for the American Museum, which
-how that of fifty-one objects from Chepen,
observation
the
in
supported
is
five
and
tin,
and
metal;
that
Trujillo, also
objects
eight
of
from
in
five
cent,
and
fifty-nine
tin.
made
use
where
it
of
was
especially
in
easily obtained,
those
and
districts
it
at once
found
are
or
in
close proximity
to
tin ores.
was confin
Bj Mr. H
by
'
reporl
M. Atwater,
ii
Bolivia
inn!
>
of about five
copper mining
hundred
while
centage
1011
tlic
irriiii'i.l
llnil
tin-re
-Adricn de
Before
,i
ml
niviir
;M be
a<
in
mii-!i
idental,
the
many
curred;
in or
in
for
btained simply by
heating stones of a certain color and weight,
there was bound to be a large production in
useful purposes could
the
Smithsonian
Mortillet,
Arrival
Instil.,
of
1907,
among
ruins of
ere.
..
ma. I.,
Shown
has
iir
thai
in
ancient
ruined
red
consid
proport
nearly pure
This
of Desais
column
than
pieces
of the
l:i
in
ii
he -mi ne
much
these
seem
variation
less,
Such
of
quantity
into
tin
when
ted out
melted together.
in
writing of
It
has
found
tin
artist
bronze objei
i
i
he
Roman
at
'onsul
(lj
<
alio
provide
ot
hi.
.i]
of
to.
the
those
now
prettj
foun.l
ii
hi
tli.
ii
ii.
Machu Picchu
..t'
lag
n,
tina where
the
contain consi.lerabl.
pecitilly
is
the analyses,
ts
Father
hai
mpia
..I'
in
the
the
turn
as
consideration
copper and
in
was
statements
explain
the
Peruvian bronzes.
Finally,
taking
tin.
c.pper.
to
in
of
ea
first
...
like
analysis to con-
tain in the
in
we
Plact
are
difficulty, in-
often contain a
chisels
the
in
eiug -li"
the Place
in
'i
others
mo
But even
Analysis
be
while
tin
opper.
knives
to
ha rir
bronzes
their
the
discoveries
city.
the
BBculties to be overcome.
'
where.
in
their
and molds
all
kni
impuritii
composition of
lie
tii
all
eon-
fo
copper or.-
Bj
ATM
i:
medical department of
Oklahoma
Infantry
many
I),
parts
of
the
trip-
us
mesquite
A B B
i:mt
cantonmi
snail
shells
on
In
their
.nig
'
well as to the
bushes.
i;
marching
was
it~
'nit
sun,
"even
the
columns of fours
in
ong
'
lower
places
'
march.
weeds by the men
I
in
tie-
line
of
THE AMERICAN Ml
578
bivalve
and
elal Lves.
forming an important
fortunately
it is
them
In see
considered
delicacy
>
salad.
enjoy snail
ropeans
have
to
tllili.i
some
in
M JOURNAL
I then punctured
and
placed
all
We
Sl-I
may
be accounted for
in trees.
to
really
had never before seen "weeds blossoming snails," my curiosity and desire for
Brat-hand knowledge led me to make such
observations as conditions and opportunities
would permit. Through specimens submitted
to the American Museum of Natural History,
these snails were identified as belonging to
ill in ill US il< ulltaliis Say,
and to
the species
It
the varieties mooreanus and patriarcha.
As
/.'
is
many
believed by
because
turnal in
its habits,
between
eight o'clock in
it
is
noc-
rarely is active
the morning
and
My
however,
observations,
that
lead
the mollusk
from
its shell;
me
to
believe
darkness, lures
for immediately
cemented
jects,
but
all
great
when
by
these
observations,
im-
many
thing to find as
the ground.
Prompted
is
on one weed.
as three individuals
was im-
for us to get a
characteristic
sheila collected by Mr. Crabb belong to a group of land molluscans (Bulimulidse)
Yucatan and Vera
and tei
rate South America, and of outlying faunal limits that extend to
They have many representatives in Central America, and are found also in the West Indies,
although here perhaps restricted more narrowly to the Caribbean group of islands; extralimital species
arc found under favorable circumstances as far north as Arkansas and Texas, and the genus on the
emails i parts of California. The Bulimulhhc embrace a family of shells conveniently
we
COS
'The
of tropica]
Cruz.
thi
sections (POsbry) according to the smooth, wrinkled, or ribbed stirfac
prairie weeds
s,
ies whose numbers elicited the picturesque comment that "the
Texas," claims quite extended areas of habitation from southwestern North Carolina to
dealbaUU
the
B.
is
Texas.
It
... central
Missouri, to Kansas, ami southwet to Alabama and
Say, ami is found very commonly in central ami southern Texas, living in dense hordes in the mcsquite
Like most of its congeners, it
wintering in the earth and summering upon the bushes.
ml, lions, and when under the stimulus ,,f 1, numbly it swarms, like an apparitional
separated
'
into
three
The
horl
blossom snail-
warm
plains. L.
1'.
GRATA!
MP
M useum
Sinci
the last
Journal
issue of the
the
following
Ami
the
//
Museum
an
1.
Fellow,
Mrs.
Tl
Theo-
rable
collet
"
Walt Kulm.
Mrs.
William
Messrs.
X. Doubleday,
A. Gi
S.
are
and the
also
studies
literary
of the
mo<
l/.
J.
s,
Willock,
Scott
'i
l.'ni"
>
ih
cial
and ethnoli
tit!.-
value.
peoples
oi
,,i
and Through
Asaph Allen,
rears of active
3ei vice as
after tv
resigi
ordei
in
study of
to
of the scien-
ditoi
increasine;
ver
tl
<
'I I.
to
thi
tution.
in the order of
Mows:
ornithol-
The following
curator.
is
publicati
meeting of October
in
25,
rgi
Peary, U.
.-
Bird
N.,
S.
Dr.
nard
I]
Robert
E.
C.
Vilhjalmur Stef:
and the Honoi
ton,
Tihe has
ShackleRoosevelt.
follov o
thi
the
re
tit-
ii
turi
Mn eum
No
in
vember.
tic
lei
an
.
1
en
I"
little less
<
N.,
Baron
appreciation of
.lit.pr.
Mn
Lieutenant
|"
.
tl
Bashford
Dr.
Fel-
the
Moncheur,
Liudovic
is
that
There havi
bestow.
..in
th<
Bonorary
ioi
ogy, of which he
election to
Museum,
bimself
ie\ ote
tific
The
Wilderness.
lowship
.InF.r.
i.
of his well-known
Hunting
seiim
Dk.
Among some
_.. a,
John G.
Mr.
and
Masson.
habits
life
Moore,
Dr.
merelj
Davis,
E.
in the
of -i" "
urn
Bewitt,
B.
P.
to
'
ions
His writ-
Mr-.
rs,
George
Brewster,
Edwin Mastin,
-I.
T>r.
hall
manj hunl
Musi
moi
I/-
Mrs. Charles
ler,
bird
In-
the
in
wit.
'i
Notes
in
during
foi
dai
rding
harac
tl
ter
'/
Dr. F. E.
I. 'it/,
tebrate zoology
the
was appoint
Museum.
American
I
Dr.
Allen, begin-
of the count)
Eskimos, with
whom
the expedition
lished cord
Captain
A.
Radclyffe
and
1.
illustrate. 1
talk
his
Then. lure
Roosevelt
Natural
"
his
ivs
in
of
the
nrnitli..;
life
histories
taken
.Is
in
r.
cli-
'
the
loftj
The
final
keen
animals.
of
l"'.
boj
li
Southi n
address by
mber
thi
History, of which
mate and
When
"Thi
been
lias
gave "The
foundland.
ence, Colonel
estab-
be following week,
Dugi
made
xliil.it
22,
bi
Mi.
!'
Mr.
"as
An
mained in Petrograd
civilian relief
many
of
tribes
the animal
He
Museum
and England.
James P. Chapin,
ad-
the
the
Museum
continue
the summer.
life.
nithology
to
1st
Lieutenant
Empie,
In early November the thirty-ninth anniNew York Microscopical Sowas celebrated with a public exhibit
held in the American Museum of Natural
versary of the
and Empie at
same date.
Chapin,
thony,
Camp
Mr. Miller
Mr.
Jersey, on the
Xev,
has
History.
yet
no1
ciety
Dix,
Camp
Dix.
A new
An
vian collections of
be
><
>
Word
of
ments had important exhibits of microscopical methods and results, showing the progress
and development of microscopy and its wider
use in the arts, manufactures, and sciences.
collection of ethnological
and
archaeologi-
specimens from that region to the AmerAt the time of writing Dr.
ican Museum.
cal
Spinden was on
River to
his
Mauagua.
way up
He
estry.
reports an exceed-
The model
ingly wet season, which has made exploration very difficult and excavation almost inipossible.
Hi.
'
C-E. A.
WlNSLOW, curator
of the de-
and
scientific
Vale.
Journal of
most
of
the.
about the
his
the
with
of
editor
together
Bacteriology,
other
tal,
first
duties at
The business
of
the
November and
Museum and
at
Mission
re-
staff of the
the American
Museum
of Natural History.
It
Museum.
Among
last
summer.
MUSEUM NOTES
An
on of the
is
patterned
on
the
aquarium building.
By the exp
the aquarium i- to bi
Gate Park, adjacent to or adjoining the
New
Mexico.
after
thi
in
building
ission
liuri b
Bock
.-i
fi
ft v
A notable
missions.
California
is
no
The
old
58]
was the
01
by well-kn
be nndei
to
is
maintenam
pense of
including Robi
Tl
tended from
iions to [ndian p
dwellings.
cliff
ently.
_l
to
ertSj
-.
28,
Francisco
address
an
hart
department of anthroj
on "The Opportunities of the
iiiii."
and by Mr. X.
the
aquarium,
nonpolitical control,
who spoke on
"I.
is
should
it
an
>
Association
ei
Dis-
the
Ad-
I>r.
Hart on
Wai
Pittsburgh
the
Museum
Eoi
ets in
28 to Januarj
b}
which this end could be
accomplished, and he had practically aban-
burgh
"ill prot
chairman, and
Pitts-
Dj
W.J.
ttee on
which gr
Museum,
L,
the
in
ill
me
long
-
iii-
the
tin
l.-i
Chai
effieii
Field,
were placed
in
the
to establish,
and
eopj
Mr.
.].
It
was
Califo
ish
it
to
ost
name
will
which
his
ever he held
philan-
I'
in
aquarium
It
and
will havi
breadth of
vis
-,,000,000.
maintenance of the
ith a photograph
a
dire, -tor-
should he w
containing an account
founding and
success
lit
Station.
of
n n.
museum in
1919.
The new
porticoes,
<
old
is
revived.
was broken
e
is
nun
Dr.
that
be ready foi
thi
building
of
arrangements.
-n
of
ship
set
thi
mm
in
<
Linhart,
Eer
..i
rei
sity of Pittsliui gl
tin
8. B.
of
of
idi
Holland, director of
is
Institute
University
the
thrgugh
the transfer of
gie
and
igy,
under
be
recently he had
t'ntil
The Ami
the
ogical
the Southwest."
vancement
of
t]
iscover anj
it
h&\
will
iseum was
('lark Wissler.
l>r.
put
ai
rid
Tl
represented bj
by the
for which
ndmenf voted by
revision
met
be
ill
of Sat
city
ion of the
it
of
manage-
the
lei
^cadenrj
.
"Steinhart
the
Aquarium" and
Ei
of Ins will,
public health of
realrj
tl
department of
-inn em1
blessing in disgui
stand-
point of hygiene.
[gnatz Steinhart,
-i
is
bequeathed
Maj
who died
15.
in
at
the will oi
salories
bit
othing except
Thi
to the California
ergy.
Academy
of
fata,
I.
utter
en
and other
582
may moan
stances
in
deficiency
The
terials.
cal
body-building
published
ma-
by Professor
c.
11.
necessary
dietaries,
city
correspondingly great
Gillett,
bring this fact out clearly. The food purchased by each family for the period of a
week was weighed and analyzed. The families were then divided into four groups ac-
Tokugawa
Odoshi,"
crest,
is
imperial
or
purple
and
cord,
is
month" (1697).
Other
"Sotome Iyetada" (six"Unkai Toshinao" (early
seventeenth century), and "Kashiu ju Munehide Baku" (sixteenth century). The gift is
Genrokn,
twelfth
signed
pieces
tire
teenth
century),
into
we
present crisis
the
war
and
less
fruits,
shall help to
in
win the
The
we use
If, therefore,
library of the
indebted to
the
American Museum
generosity
of
is
Mr. Ogden
first
edition in
Many
and extending into Africa.
add to the beauty and usefulness of this unique edition, which was compiled by Theodorus De Bry, a German en-
Orient
illustrations
ment.
The
made by Mr. N.
trip
C.
Nelson
early
summer
of
brought out
regarding the an-
1917
Mr. Nelson
in the fossil
at the
much
number of
Re-
in
Tin'
ter
all
dependent upon
it
AIk.
to
the
MisiiAi.t.
('.
American
Museum
four
complete
suits of
gold
ilies
and
lit'
turies,
the
tine
piece
of
armor,
bearing the
examined and
Hill, three
at
artifacts.
The following
is
from the
point
of
by the examina-
the
those
days of
its
occupation
made ornamented
pot-
away
as Alabama, Ten-
and Increase
pi otect him
ests in
Society"
"t
.,
and
v,
for
en
tj
,110
1.
Nev
of
president
George
hon-
ita
..
John
1.1'
bonds
hi
s'-iiptions
i'iIin
board of
tru
\i.
employees
it-
inn g, innuiii.
1
1
Museum War
an:
th
''
tii
preparation
meet- Tuesday
be
dei 01 at
specimens, suitable
lass
ei
enings and
kilter
made
dents have
"in
lieve
that
During
lle.enilier.
11
theii
stu-
specimens
the
of
use
k,
Mu
the American
in
el'
in
be
Lties
:i
fessor
1.
I.,
Bet
ague gave
The
pygmy
of the
thei
Elephas p
at rast
b
the
bull elephant of enormous proportions which
v ill occupj the central position in Mr. Carl
LI
and
i-t
The
At
Audubon
Museum on
October
bird
ali
made
Mr. Bollo
bj
II.
for
the
Museum ami
entrance of the
1.
lai
ge
ters
".nil
the
pie
animal
'leer,
taken
life
'a
Mr.
bj
surroundii
e
lost
in
s|
tin-
Yellowstone
ami
11
mam
I,,
,,,
by Mr,
on display just
1
putting
through
it
collect ion
p appeared in their
bown
fear undei
ancestors
al
part
th
is
play
the
1.1111
of China.
feet
eluding
in
long, togt
black
bei
flying
" Lth
Bquirrels,
huge
rats,
of the mole.
in
of mice
ti'
of strange appearance,
Ln
tl
represented
all
k-.
heart
Norman M
em
shown.
previously
and mountain
natural
Expedition to
Tin-
lem
placed
jungle fov
Ch
not
has been
In
hall.
l.ii il-
11I
'i
taken.
National
of
adver-
Ln
the
to
em
Lai
This
a eml.h
111ll.it inn
ml
nin
III
mm
are
v est
tead of in-t
in
ai
the maintenanci
Tin po
ous committees.
Beck
sueeess
a
1
Bp
course of the
ami
on
Artist
29,
life,
the
iends
lil
china, conducted
of the American
'
in
was
affair
but
ically,
In
Fl
mal- Obtail
the shoulder.
at
.1
which Pro-
Til
Akeli
E.
vi
to
li
ervici
in
erously donated,
Congo
elephant.
.1
L2,
Bernys
'in
was given
meiit
'
>kin
November
rand
bi
he assistance of
the evening of
is
means
be the
ill
of the
in
Chisels
paper, and
wall
text Lies,
<
foi
activi-
its
ial
Museum
be
Belief Asso-
0]
I-ellli
of
tei
rican
part
'
insti-
at
ciation ha
\s
The
fund.
at
Lnstallments from
iii
n-it
ami Mr.
University of Minnesota.
tin'
endow mi
11
of
Vincent, president
E.
ovi a,
It
Lty,
>
and
lmet
{<
,s:;
Lssue.
"National Educators C
sity,
;r
life
Lid
si
United state-.
tlic
titled tin-
VOTEL
SEl M
I//
With
The eh
am
pnill llks
LnCludl
u-eiim Libertj
total
2o0 for
I.
nan
om
subscriptioi
foi
the
in
the exhibit.
he sheep,
quote at
a
XXXVII
of the American
Chapman
Museum
concerned.
The fact that Loxia megaplaga is more
nearly related to the European than to the
American White-winged Crossbill, does not,
of course, imply that it has descended directly from that species.
Its characters of
comparatively large bill and short wings are
shown by many island-inhabiting races, and
they doubtless indicate parallelism in development rather than direct descent from the
physically nearest form."
tlinn Georgia, and its accidental oceurrence in the Bermudas proves its ability to
reach an island well removed from the near-
written by a
L917):
"Dr. Abbott's discovery that a race of the
White-winged Crossbill inhabits the pine
Eorests of the higher mountains of Santo
Domingo, is one of the ornithological sensa-
est
mainland.
tionable
the
relative
ceivable
is
found
thai
in
the
The
following
is
quoted from
"It
is
very strange
around right up
.et
how
the
birds
stay
After a
six months, a skylark soared up from 'noman's-land' and gave us a lovely song, almost
partridge
as soon as the firing ceased.
flew over our parapet one evening and settled in 'no-man's-land,' quite unconcerned by
The blackbirds give a lovely
the rifle fire.
concert every morning and evening you can
just catch a snatch of in temporary lull of
the firing."
Ami
this
tremulous.
In the heart of that thicket a
nightingale sang with trills and flutters of
soul;, trying to reach higher notes, to rise
higher in its ecstatic outpouring, then warbling little snatches of melody."
Similarly, birds on the
are
said
to
return
Macedonian front
calmly
to
their
usual
haunts as soon as the firing ceases, little disturbed by the tremendous artillery discharges that deluge their homes with shot
and shell. (From Current Items of Inti rest,
a letter
ditionary Force,
HAMMER-HEADED BAT
i\m:.\
Abrams, H.
85
I
79.
H.'I|m-i,,],.--v,
Malum.'
of VOLUME XVII
Jl
215, 211
Nalh
i.
191
2
A.- So.
All.
ii.
[ndians,
i.
195-6
Zoological
Expedition, 144-.")
Fran
Boas,
:159
Boussac, P
iafl
ioi
rjo
Bradyptu, 9
tion,
Society,
American Ethnologi
Hniiulri-tli.
r
80
76
Breton,
<
lircwst.T.
n.
Fr-.l.
I'
17
MiiM-um
i.r
lenora] Geors;.- T.
lienors
liav.-
Ki
Lori..
Tl
K.li
Brittox, Mks
Bronze,
N.\tii.\niki.
ii!,
1
11
Inderson, A
Vxi'RKws. i;.,\ riiAiMi.v, Little-Known
I
from
Barnum,
...
|.
rl
*l
i.lualitv
Buffalo BuJ
Buffalo So.
Cretaceous
Butler, Alb.
\n.lr.-wv
Mammals
1,0,
()
Triii perament,
kets for,
I-
581
.
-J77
:>.
Am.Hk
/.i,..1.i.m
:il
i:\l". hli.il,
111"
rabbit, 71
Campbell, William
Bahr, A
Bulky,
i.
Ii
Perm.-,
racj
.-.
i.
Central Text
Karnliarl.
Uarringer.
Basket
.1..
1
in win.
il
J
I
..II
119,
584
Afri,
-J
BB0W2?,
v.
Kommota
eft.
American
0/ "" tfortt
Preparedness Exhibit, 76
ill. inical
'hiii.-\
Brothers,
255. 256
Cliorrie,
AmiTii'tin
of Hie
Museum, 285-7
te,
t'hulili.
II.
Ti'l.'l'hoto
Natural History,
491-4
Emmons, George
Two Fur
Seal Prob-
497-99
280
Clingfish,
New
502
in. 'innlogr.-ipln
The
Ecology
419.
421-3. 461,
423
('ran
i-fobd,
th<
581
Finlev. John H., "A Garden
l-'in
John J., 355
Fisher,
(i.
Chyle, "Gopht
Every Yard,'
Pulli
Florida
291-3
Fisher, G. Clyde, 152, 289, 359
Fishes. Congo, 148, 421; eulachon,
350-2;
Crawford, M. D. C 151
Creative Textile Art and the
in
Fischer. Heinrich,
of
summer, 359
American Muslim
253-9
Crocker Land Expedition, 346, 359, 419, 500
Crocker Land Expedition Home, 365
Culture and Ethnology, 422
Curtis, Edward S 115, 118, 119
Fossil
fossil
Fossil,
551-5
420
207-11;
Virginia,
De Witt Clinton High School, 215
Diatryma gioantea, 417, 418
|ii,kii;m,\ Mar\ Cynthia, Winter in the Woods
and Field- of Massachusetts, 41-56; The Jack
Rabbil in California, 71-5; Season of Wild
303 31 Flowei
Dickerson, Mary C, 502
r.
fossil.
Dill,
at
5-13; Mono-
i::r,
.l,u,iii.i.
lii-im.Ti.-
Raymond L
12,
169-179
i:
Farming
Ostrich
in
South Africa,
367-75
A.
i
iv uiit,
Radclvffe. 358,
Natal, 215
504
399-402
422, 502
Ditmars,
Hodge. Cleveland H., 148, 502
'.....
Osh, 421.
ii
Man
man
352
Davis, William T 39-40
Davison, Henry P., 147, 148. 359
Dan
of History, The 299-302
Gilm, ,.','. 0. W 76
Giraffe and Sea Horse in Ancient Art, 489-90
Gleason. Herbert W.. 152
Glimpse into the Qui, lma Country of Southern Bolivia.
407-15
57&
Gobiaox, 280
Museum,
Goby,
Jonathan, 502
iv.-
Eastman,
Cit \i:i.ks
Ii.,
Horse
Gbataoap,
L.
States
.li.lin...
Gem Mining
P.,
Tourmalin!
in
thi
356
Il.ri
Bulachon
tnd
1'
Kiniir. d
Juflliard, A.
D.,
1M
17,
n.
.'
Kelly, Albert
K.-rami.-
'
Kin. Yam.
rank
Birh. Recollection
sol
77
579
Bird,
mi,
I. in llr...
York, 360
19
580
_ 1,
Mass
Jordansmiihl,
12
from
122
k\.
Mrs. E.
79
I!
H.
Iinnil
Hei
mam
William Tod
213
.",
Little
York
7-
::77
270.
Sfiii,
'
502
207,
of X.-
i.-t>
Long,
rn is
'i
Mr-
J.
79
A.
ii
ii
Bipt
Hitchcock B
Hopkins. CorL'i-
Hornadai
422
R..
Wii.i.ivm
Wihl
Hornaday,
261
Life,
"
T..
The War
Americ
for
A..
l.rii-
-'
502
Frank
Turkey
Buzzard,
Losl
His
n.iiiman.
k.
>i
on of
579
148, 502,
E.,
The
7-63
Telepl
M, ('Unlink. Normal
Howard, Through
K,
irrison J.,
thi
34G
Howard. 502
i
//
Indian,
270
ouis,
421
...
215;
'...ajiro.
Motilmi.s.
MacNeal, B
''
17:
Maniiliardl,
[selin,
Spread
of
Agriculture
is
America,
'"
Adrian
Jack Rabbil
Alfr.d.
".1
in
47.
18,
Tecbnolog
of
19
Matthew
Matthew, w.
111
Ireland,
I..
titute
aformation about,
15,
Individuality,
I
age-societies,
17; Parajuano,
Hnlal-a. :157
Qui.
1"..
17:
:i0.
11; A
Matthew, V
584
i>
In
ll
'
'
California, Ti
,
147
i::.r.s
Jaeger, Chri
Jakes,
Walter
James, Walter
B..
w.-iril
Diseases
B.,
Janin, Albert
collection,
215
of
Africa,
"7
W
1
Prehistoric Urn.
nth
Afm-a,
INDEX OF VOLUME XV 11
77. SO. 148. 149, 212.
;.-,
70,
Meeria.M.
17
"
'
Members.
584
1.
270.
2 12,
35;;.
<-'.
Jla/;n,it;,
Oiujys,
421
L49, 277,
Mi
6,
Life,
</
Society
the Plata,
ii
Yu
-atan,
of
191-204
Sperm
American
Mi lrill, William
A..
Mon-
Museu,
lista.
Mushrooms. Wild
As
Food, 323-31
Uademj
.in, ,,,0
Sciences,
of
500;
Advisory
Association of
'oiiiinitti-e on Aeronautics, 356
Societies, 487. 584; Council of Defense, 270. 205; Geographic Society, 78, 423;
Audubon
Nelson, Fthelyn
L03
G.,
Camp
Life in
New
Mexico,
N ('., Excavation of the Aztec Ruin. 85Kentucky and Her Cave Men, 221-33
N'i.i.s,.n.
99;
''.
Jersey
,.-.,
..02
5-13
489
P.,
582
401-71
Natural History
Ecology,
Academv
of
491-4
Medicine,
354;
Aeademv
ol
581;
:
277
Bird Music,
500
13
Paper
M,
of
.23
357
MOOBE,
in.
.old.
ui
New
t:
Us-
Now
:;oo
Meaning
ami E i;,lulit,n
Ornitholeates,
Irnithological
Tin-
o,
(tritiiii
Jliraeei
Uitchel,
\,l on,
Mai-.joi-i,.,
Henry.
u|.,-,,.
343,
352,
501,
1',-ah-
Permanen
INDEX OF VOLl ME
VII
Albert
Tlli.M -,.N
Sanborn, E
I-
ll
|l
15
172
lieu-ion.
su
Heinri.
52
Schurtz,
196
li
15-2:!
..la.
In
S.-ar.-h
,1-.
197
fu
Troxell
149
I.
279
re
shannon. Howard
J.,
-; "
-J7-;
-jii:.
Autumn
tfigratio
42
Shearwaters. 41!l
152.
'I
214.
27(5
W.
i,.l.
-Hull,
(.
['red
.:
i'
Travel \
.
\\.lll.
Wester
..Hi
152
H..
ami
Histrilnition
/'
ii
Illinois.
I6,3i
Birds of th
27s
Variation.
(i
2H-J
IH5;
Sum.-
ttm
13
it.",.
J.,
Skinner, Alan
M
P
129 3
Smith, Mai. d!
Smith. St, -wart A
Smyth,
SimiK
IC\ .iliitinn
\\
Land, 577
ihl
Lit'.-
lli.-li
S,
2C.1
Th.-,
i,i;
the
i.r
IVarhu
Pi
Washington
Watkins,
255
opp.
ii
IrviiiL-
.-
II
Laura
3(50
I...
i"
21
Spinden.
Hi .1:111
Agriculture
in
in
Spread
-'i
An
Travel
Western Venezuela. 15-2:t; Am.-ri
15-122
Th.-.
in
of
ri.H-T-iii.
WlDMAN.N
Wild Mushroom-
27*
Fried)
Stein. William. 417
St.-inhart. Ismatz. 5*1
St. -in.
In
.in..-
274
42
I.VKK.
Wisslor. (Ii
Woodward.
421
Thomas
Life
life
Mi-s
Polar
Some Birds
ol
of
'
Kn\ ironm.-m
Temp,
Ann
117
Yellowstone.
in
An
I.
Wright, A
Textile.
of
\.
Exhibit
The New
15
P iblic Health
Exhibit
76
).
212. 245
ittner.
Mm
i.
Yunnan. Pictnresqu,
Individuality.
Natural history
1
N3
v.17
Biological
&
Medical
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