CONTENTS

Page No.
Certificate From Department

Certificate From Company

ii

Acknowledgement

iii

Preface

iv

List of Figures

CHAPTER 1: Introduction to 132 KV GSS,BHANKROTA, Jaipur

1-5

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Introduction of R.S.E.B.

1.2.1 Duties

1.2.2 Right

CHAPTER 2: Transmission Lines

2.1 Transmission Lines
2.1.1 The Conductors Used
2.2 Substation

6-8
6
6
6

2.2.1 Grid

2.2.2 Aspects of a Gird Substation

CHAPTER 3: Single Line Diagram

3.1 Brief Descriptions of the Instruments in the Line Diagram Are

10-14
11

3.1.1 Lightening Arrestors

11

3.1.2 Capacitive Voltage Transformer

12

3.1.3 Wave Trap

12

3.1.4 Current Transformer

13

3.1.5 Lightening Arrestors with Earth Switch

13

3.1.6 Circuit Breaker

13

3.1.7 Line Isolator

14

3.1.8 Bus

14

3.1.9 Potential Transformers with Bus Isolators

14

3.1.10 Isolator

14

3.1.11 Capacitor Bank Attaches to the Bus

14

CHAPTER 4:Transformers

15-26

4.1 Introduction

15

4.2 Power Transformer

15

4.3 Auto Transformer

18

4.3.1 Constructional Part

19

4.3.2 Core Construction

20

4.3.3 Constructional Frame Work

20

4.3.4 Windings

20

4.3.5 Insulation

21

4.3.6 Lead and Material

21

4.3.7 Bushings

21

4.3.8 Tanks

22

4.3.9 Conservator

22

4.3.10 Transformer Oil

23

4.3.11 Synthetic Transformer Oil

23

4.3.12 Marshaling Box

23

4.4 Instrument Transformer

24

4.4.1 Current Transformer

24

4.4.2 Voltage Transformer

25

CHAPTER 5: Isolator

27-30

5.1 Introduction

27

5.2 Operation

29

5.3 Control

29

5.4 Auxiliary Switch

29

5.4.1 Make Before and Break After Contacts

29

5.5 Arcing Horns

29

5.6 Interlocking

30

CHAPTER 6: Circuit Breaker

31-36

6.1 Introduction

31

6.2 Operating Principle

31

6.3 Classification of Circuit Breaker for Various Voltages

32

6.3.1 Bulk Oil Circuit Breaker

32

6.3.2 Air Blast Circuit Breaker

33

6.3.3 SF6 Circuit Breaker

34

6.3.4 Minimum Oil Circuit Breaker

35

6.3.5 Vacuum Circuit Breaker

36

CHAPTER 7:Lightning Arrester

37-42

7.1 Introduction

37

7.2 Lightning Strokes and Over-Voltages

37

7.2.1 Direct Strokes

37

7.2.2 Indirect Strokes

37

7.3 Types of Lightning Arresters

38

7.3.1 Rod Gap or Sphere Gap

39

7.3.2 Expulsion Type Lightning Arrestors

40

7.3.3 Valve Type Lightning Arresters

41

7.4 General Rating Recommendations of Lightning Arresters

42

7.5 Location of Lightning Arresters

42

CHAPTER 8: Insulators

43-52

8.1 Requirement for Insulator

43

8.2 Types of Insulators

43

8.2.1 Pin Type Insulators

43

8.2.2 Suspension Type Insulators

44

8.2.3 Shackle Insulators

44

8.2.4 Strain Insulators

45

CHAPTER 9: Relay

46-49

9.1 Introduction

46

9.2 Types of Relay

46

9.2.1 Over Current Relay

47

9.2.2 Over voltage Relay

47

9.2.3 I.D.M.T. Relays

47

9.2.4 Earth fault Relays

48

9.2.5 Directional Relays

48

9.2.6 Differential Relays

48

9.2.7 Buchholz Relays

48

9.3 Basic Equipment Or Requirement Of Protective Relays

CHAPTER 10: Bus-Bars

10.1 Introduction

49

50-52
50

10.1.1 Double Members and Transfer Bus System

50

10.1.2 Mesh (Ring) Bus Bar System

51

10.2 Properties

CHAPTER 11: Control Room

51

53-55

11.1 Introduction

53

11.2 Synchronizing-Panel

54

11.3 Synchronoscope

54

CHAPTER 12: Battery Room

56-57

12.1 Introduction

56

12.2 Advantages of Storage Batteries

56

CHAPTER 13: Power Line Carrier Communication

58-60

13.1 Introduction

58

13.2 Basic Principal of PLCC

58

13.3 Advantages & Disadvantages of PLCC

58

13.4 Failure Scenarios

60

Conclusion
Reference