1. What is LTE Architecture?

2. Max Throughput calculation

No. of Resource element (symols) * bit/Symbol * No. of PRBs * / 1000 *2
= 84*2*6 (64QAM)*100 in ms
= 100.8 Mbps

3. What is the difference in S1 & X2 handover

1- S1 Interface : Connects the RBS to the MME for control plane data and
SGW for user plane data.It is primarily used when no X2 interface exists
between source & target cells which can belong to either same or different
MME.
2- X2 Interface: Connects neighboring RBS. Consists of two parts control
plane and user plane. This interface is used for handover signaling and data
forwarding (UnAcknowledged & Unsent) which is a licnesed feature (Source
& Target need to be connected to same MME)

4. What is the functioning of P-GW

Responsible for IP address allocation to the UE and QOS enforcement as
directed by PCRF.

Responsible for the filtering of downlink user IP packets into the different QOS
based bearers.
The PGW performs QOS enforcement for GBR bearers.

5. What is the functioning of PCRF

Provides QOS authorization (QCI & bit rates) that decides how a certain data
flow will be treated in the PGW and ensures it is in accordance with the users
profile.

6. Explain RCS (Radio connection supervision)

7. Explain procedure of ANR (Automated NBR relation)

a. 1- UE reports PCI of the cell.(No. of PCI reported can be controlled and is
limited)
b. 2- If the new PCIs reported has RSRP & RSRQ above the specified
threshold, the ANR function requests CGI measurements.
c. 3- The UE reported PCI must have the capability to send , read and report
CGI measurement for that PCI.
d. 4- With CGI reported, Neighbor is added and the relation is configured.
e. 5- Serving cell establishes the X2 link using the CGI, if it is allowed and not
existent , otherwise HO is performed over S1.

8. CSFB
a. LTE terminal (UE) requests a CS service, either as a response to a CS Fallback
paging or as response to user activity. The terminal (UE) sends a NAS
Extended Service Request to the MME requesting a CS Fallback.
b. The MME sends a S1-AP UE Context Modification Request with a CS Fallback
indicator to the eNB.
c. The eNB makes the decision to what neighborhood cell the terminal should
be released to and sends a RRC_Release_with_Redirect message to the
terminal and a S1-AP UE Context Release Request to the MME.
d. The eNB makes the frequency selection based on the Terminal Capabilities &
csFallbackPrio.
e. The terminal changes RAT and starts accessing the new RAT attaching to the
indicated target frequency
f. The terminal transmits a CM Service Request to the BSC/RNC. Once the CS
service request is accepted the terminal will start the CS call. Once the
terminal is attached to the target RAT it can continue to request PS services if
those are available.
g. The terminal returns back to E-UTRAN when it goes down into RRC_Idle mode
and a cell reselection is initiated

9. Throughput optimization
Reasons for low throughput
a. Configuration issue Transmission BW, Radio BW (PRBs), RRC connected
LK, Modulation Scheme, QCI mapping for Bearer, Resource dimensioning.
b. Poor Radio condition BAD CQI, BAD RSRP/RSRQ, UL RSSI
c. Poor SINR PCI conflict, External interference
d. High Load conditions High traffic, high no. of rrc connected users, PRB
utilization
CQI 1 to 15 (15 best)
SINR for PUCCH - -15 to 3 (3 Best)
SINR for PUSCH - -5 to 17 (17 best)

10.

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.

Accessibility Optiization

Poor Radio condition

Alarms
High load
PCI conflict
High UL RSSI
VSWR
Rach root sequence
Wrong cell selection
Cell availability

11.

Handover Events

12.

Explain Event A3

a. A1, A2, A3 Intra LTE

b. A4, A5 Inter LTE
c. B1, B2 IRAT

13.

What is restricted Power samples

For any radio connection if power requirement is greater than the maximum
UL power of UE,
For good accessibility and throughput ratio of restricted / Unrestricted > 50%

14.

Ranks in MIMO
a. Rank 1 Beamforming both antenna send same data to UE (UE with
poor CQI)
b. Rank 2 Diversity Both antenna send different data to UE (UE with
good CQI)

15.

Parameters for coverage definition

P0nominalPUCCH
P0nominalPuSCH

16.
Why we dont use OFDMA in Uplink (SCFDMA used in
UL)
Because of low Peak to average power ratio.

17 . What is PHICH & PHICH Grouping

Phich is a dl channel to provide ack/ nack to UEs in respect of UL- SCh
transmissions. 8 HARQ transmissions are code multiplexed onto one PHICH
group.

18 . Power control on PDCCH 1% Bler

Power reduction Power boosting

Equal distribution to all UEs