UNWTO Barometer Vol.14 May 2016 - Statistical Annex

World: Inbound Tourism
International Tourism Receipts

1400
US$
1200
euro
(billion)
987
896 905
1000
800
654
706
1,295
1,236 1,232
1,146
1,104
986
1110
892931
774
744
654 671 649
495 482 502
616
477
600
459
415 449450
536538531 525 567
487
447
409
397
400
317 354
975
793
551
200
0
(% change 2015/2014)
6
4
2
0
International Tourist Arrivals
-2
International Tourism Receipts (real terms)
as
t
Mi
dd
le
E
Af
ric
a
Am
eri
ca
s
he
Pa
cif
ic
-4
As
ia
an
dt
Income generated by international visitors on accommodation, food and drink, entertainment, shopping and other services
and goods reached an estimated US$ 1,232 billion (euro 1,110
billion) in 2015, an increase of 3.6% accounting for exchange rate
fluctuations and inflation. International tourist arrivals (overnight
visitors) increased by 4.4% in 2015, reaching a total of 1,184
million.
International Tourism, arrivals and receipts

World and subregions
Eu
rop
e
International tourism receipts in destinations around the

world grew by 3.6% in 2015, in line with the 4.4% increase in
international arrivals. For the fourth consecutive year,
international tourism grew faster than world merchandise
trade, raising tourisms share in worlds exports to 7% in
2015. The total export value from international tourism
amounted to US$ 1.4 trillion.
as for the fourth consecutive year international tourism outgrew

world merchandise trade, which grew 2.8% in 2015 according to
recent data reported by the World Trade Organization.
[to be continued on page 3]
W
orl
d
Exports from international tourism

rise 4% in 2015
Source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)
Volume 14 May 2016

Contents
International tourism receipts 2015
Worlds top tourism destinations 2015
Worlds top spenders on outbound tourism in 2015
International tourism as export earnings
Worlds top countries by travel balance surplus in 2015
Inbound tourism: short-term trends 2016
The economic environment
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13
16
19
20
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19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
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http://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/wtobarometereng.2016.14.3.1 - Sunday, May 29, 2016 9:14:45 PM - Ministry of Tourism and Culture Malaysia IP Address:203.217.176.69
Volume 14 May 2016
Alongside international tourism receipts (the travel item of

the balance of payments), international tourism generated US$
210 billion in exports through international non-resident passenger transport services, bringing the total value of tourism exports
up to US$ 1.4 trillion, or US$ 4 billion a day on average.
Tourism is today a major category of international trade in
services, said UNWTO Secretary-General Taleb Rifai addressing
the 60th Regional Commission for the Americas meeting in
Havana, Cuba. Despite a weak and slow economic recovery,
spending on international tourism grew significantly in 2015,
proving the sectors relevance in stimulating economic growth,
boosting exports and creating jobs for an increasing number of
economies worldwide, he added.
International tourism represents 7% of total world exports
and 30% of services exports. The share of tourism in overall
exports of goods and services increased from 6% to 7% in 2015
1
Statistical Annex
Annex-1 to Annex-32
This issue of the UNWTO World Tourism Barometer and the

accompanying Statistical Annex include a comprehensive
analysis of international tourism receipts in 2015, as well as
the top destinations by international tourist arrivals and
receipts, and top source markets by international tourism
expenditure. Furthermore, preliminary results are included
for international tourism in the first months of 2016.
This release is available only in electronic format. The
full document can be downloaded free of charge for members
and subscribed institutions through the UNWTO elibrary at
www.e-unwto.org/toc/wtobarometereng/current. The release
is available in English only, while the Statistical Annex is
provided in four languages through the UNWTO elibrary at:
English version: www.e-unwto.org/content/w83v37
French version: www.e-unwto.org/content/t73863
Spanish version: www.e-unwto.org/content/rn1422
Russian version: www.e-unwto.org/content/j62835
Volume 14 May 2016
The UNWTO World Tourism Barometer is a publication of the

World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). By monitoring short-term
tourism trends on a regular basis, UNWTO aims to provide all
those involved, directly or indirectly, in tourism with adequate upto-date statistics and analysis in a timely fashion.
The UNWTO World Tourism Barometer is periodically
updated. Issues contain as regular sections: an overview of
short-term tourism data from destinations, generating countries
and air transport; the results of the latest survey among the
UNWTO Panel of Tourism Experts, providing an evaluation of
and prospects for short-term tourism performance; and selected
economic data relevant for tourism. The objective for future
editions of the UNWTO World Tourism Barometer will be to
broaden its scope and improve coverage gradually over time.
The UNWTO World Tourism Barometer is prepared by
UNWTOs Tourism Market Trends Programme. The UNWTO
Secretariat wishes to express its sincere gratitude to all those
who have participated in the elaboration of the UNWTO World
Tourism Barometer, in particular all institutions that supplied data,
and to the members of the UNWTO Panel of Tourism Experts for
their valuable contributions.
For more information on the UNWTO World Tourism
Barometer, including copies of previous issues, please refer to
the Facts & Figures section on the UNWTO website at
www.unwto.org/facts/menu.html.
We welcome your comments and suggestions at
barom@unwto.org, tel +34 915678198 / fax +34 915678217.
The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) is the United

Nations specialized agency mandated with the promotion of
responsible, sustainable and universally accessible tourism.
UNWTOs membership includes 157 countries, six Associate Members, two Permanent Observers, and over 480 Affiliate
Members representing the private sector, educational institutions,
tourism associations and local tourism authorities.
Copyright 2016 World Tourism Organization
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UNWTO World Tourism Barometer
ISSN: 1728-9246
Published and printed by the World Tourism Organization,
Madrid, Spain - First printing: 2016 (version 10/05/16)
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Data collection for this issue was closed end of April 2016.
The next issue of the UNWTO World Tourism Barometer is
scheduled to be published in June 2016.
Volume 14 May 2016
[Continuation from page 1]

As a worldwide export category, tourism ranks third after
fuels and chemicals and ahead of food and automotive products.
In many developing countries, tourism ranks as the first export
sector.
International Tourism (BOP Travel & Passenger transport) and export
World
(US$ billion)
3,500
World Inbound Tourism

International Tourist Arrivals, 2015*
Asia and the
Pacific, 279 mn,
24%
International Tourism
Fuels
3,000
many currencies, rendering receipts earned in these currencies

lower in US dollar in 2015. Furthermore, China revised both its
international tourism receipts and expenditure series substantially
in 2015 and retrospectively for 2014 due to methodological
changes.
Chemicals
Food
2,500
Automotive products
2,000
(million)
Americas, 191
mn, 16%
Africa, 53 mn,
5%
Middle East, 53
mn, 4%
1,500
1,000
500
Europe, 608
mn, 51%
0
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
Source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) and World Trade Organization (WTO)
Unusually strong exchange rate fluctuations in 2015

seriously influenced receipts for individual destinations and
regions, expressed in current US dollars. Taking into account
exchange rate fluctuations and inflation, receipts in the Americas,
Asia and the Pacific and the Middle East all grew by 4%, while in
Europe they grew by 3% and in Africa by 2%.

International Tourism Receipts, 2015*
Asia and the

Pacific, 419 bn,
34%
The United States, China, Spain and France remain the

worlds top tourism destinations
The United States (US$ 178 billion), China (US$ 114 billion),
Spain (US$ 57 billion) and France (US$ 46 billion) continue to be
the top destinations both in international tourism receipts and
tourist arrivals.
The above data is preliminary and subject to revision. 2015
has shown some unusual strong appreciation of the US dollar to
3
Americas, 277
bn, 23%
Africa, 33 bn,
3%
Middle East, 55
bn, 4%
The Caribbean, Central and South America show strong

growth in international tourism receipts
The Americas continued to enjoy robust results both in
international arrivals and receipts in 2015, with a strong US dollar
fuelling outbound travel from the United States and benefiting
many destinations across the region. The Caribbean, Central
America and South America all recorded 7% growth in receipts,
while North America saw a 3% increase.
As prices of raw materials have decreased, tourism has
shown a strong capacity to compensate for weaker export
revenue in many commodity- and oil-exporting countries, said
Mr. Rifai. Tourism is increasingly an essential component of
export diversification for many emerging economies as well as
several advanced ones, he added.
(US$ billion)
Europe, 448 bn,

36%
Even though it is common practice to use volume data such as arrivals

for short-term analysis, in the end most stakeholders are more
interested in the receipts and expenditure trend. Estimating trends in
receipts is a far more complicated exercise than in arrivals for the
following reasons:
On average receipts data lags about two months behind arrival
data. Most countries report data on a quarterly basis and typically
preliminary data is made available 2-3 months after the end of the
period which is being reported.
Trends in receipts data can be heavily distorted by exchange rate
fluctuations.
Inflation should be taken into account in order to avoid
overestimating growth.
In practice the preliminary data tend to be subject to substantial
revisions.
Volume 14 May 2016
International Tourism, World

1990 2000 2005 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015* 09/08 10/09 11/10 12/11 13/12 14/1315*/14 09/08 10/09 11/10 12/11 13/12 14/1315*/14
International Tourist Arrivals (overnight visitors) (million)
435 674 809 928 892 950

Index (2008=100)
100
96 102
Change (%)
994 1,040 1,088 1,134 1,184

107
112
117
122
-3.9
Change, current prices (%)
Local currencies
100
95 101 105 109
4.7
4.6
4.2
4.4
Change, constant prices (%)
-3.2
8.5
8.6
7.4
8.0
6.5
4.6
-4.6
5.4
4.5
4.1
5.4
4.2
3.6
8.9 12.0
3.8
7.9
4.7 -4.8
-8.0
7.2
8.6
1.6
6.3
3.1 -5.0
6.7 12.4
4.3
4.7 13.9
-3.6 12.8
3.8
9.7
3.0
4.3 13.9
115 120 124
US$
271 495 706 987 905 986 1,104 1,146 1,236 1,295 1,232
-8.3
Euro
213 536 567 671 649 744
-3.3 14.6
793
4.6
128
International Tourism Receipts (billion)
Index (2008=100, real terms)
6.5
892
931
975 1,110
(Data as collected by UNWTO May 2016)
International Tourism by (Sub)region

Change US$
euro
Local currencies,
constant prices (%)
13/12 14/13 15*/14
Share
per
abs.
Change
Share
(million)
(%)
(%)
13/12 14/13 15*/14
2015*
per
(billion)
arrival
(billion)
arrival
(%)
2014
2015*
2015*
2014 2015*
2015*
2015*
2014
2015*
World
5.4
4.2
3.6
1,295
1,232
1,040
975
1,110
940
100
1,134
1,184
4.6
4.2
4.4
100
Advanced economies
5.3
3.5
1.2
810
741
1,140
610
668
1,030
60.2
619
647
4.6
5.8
4.6
54.7
Emerging economies
5.4
5.5
6.9
484
491
920
364
442
820
39.8
515
536
4.6
2.3
4.2
45.3
Europe
4.1
4.1
2.6
512.9
448.1
740
386.1
403.9
660
36.4
580.2
607.6
4.8
2.4
4.7
51.3
Northern Europe
7.5
6.3
3.6
82.6
75.4
1,000
62.2
68.0
900
6.1
70.8
75.6
2.4
5.3
6.8
6.4
Western Europe
2.2
2.8
0.2
173.0
146.4
810
130.2
131.9
730
11.9
174.4
179.7
2.8
2.1
3.1
15.2
Central/Eastern Europe
3.5
-0.9
-0.2
58.2
50.3
400
43.8
45.4
360
4.1
120.2
127.1
7.5
-6.0
5.8
10.7
Southern/Medit. Europe
4.7
6.1
5.2
199.2
176.0
780
149.9
158.6
700
14.3
214.8
225.1
5.6
6.9
4.7
19.0
- of which EU-28
3.8
4.4
2.9
426.7
370.6
780
321.2
334.0
700
30.1
454.1
477.9
3.9
4.8
5.2
40.4
Asia and the Pacific
9.0
4.9
4.0
420.1
418.9
1,500
316.2
377.6
1,360
34.0
264.3
278.6
6.9
5.7
5.4
23.5
North-East Asia
9.9
5.4
0.4
238.0
236.3
1,660
179.1
213.0
1,500
19.2
136.3
142.1
3.4
7.3
4.3
12.0
South-East Asia
10.5
2.0
8.2
108.1
108.8
1,040
81.4
98.1
940
8.8
97.3
104.2
11.3
3.0
7.2
8.8
Oceania
2.0
7.2
10.4
44.6
42.3
2,980
33.6
38.1
2,690
3.4
13.2
14.2
4.6
6.0
7.1
1.2
South Asia
8.8
8.4
7.4
29.4
31.5
1,740
22.1
28.4
1,570
2.6
17.5
18.1
12.1
9.6
3.6
1.5
Americas
4.9
3.0
3.7
274.0
277.2
1,450
206.3
249.9
1,310
22.5
181.9
191.0
3.1
8.5
5.0
16.1
North America
5.1
2.2
2.7
210.9
211.8
1,680
158.7
190.9
1,510
17.2
120.9
126.2
3.6
9.7
4.3
10.7
Caribbean
3.8
5.0
6.7
26.8
28.4
1,190
20.2
25.6
1,070
2.3
22.3
23.9
2.8
5.4
7.3
2.0
Central America
7.6
7.5
6.9
10.6
11.5
1,120
8.0
10.3
1,010
0.9
9.6
10.3
2.6
5.6
7.1
0.9
South America
3.3
6.2
6.9
25.7
25.6
830
19.4
23.0
750
2.1
29.1
30.7
1.4
7.1
5.4
2.6
2.3
2.3
2.4
36.2
33.2
620
27.2
29.9
560
2.7
54.9
53.3
4.4
0.4
-2.9
4.5
North Africa
-2.1
5.2
-9.8
10.6
8.6
450
8.0
7.7
410
0.7
20.4
18.9
5.8
-1.4
-7.7
1.6
Subsaharan Africa
4.0
1.1
7.5
25.5
24.6
720
19.2
22.2
640
2.0
34.5
34.4
3.6
1.4
-0.1
2.9
-4.9
7.3
4.3
51.5
54.6
1,020
38.8
49.2
920
4.4
52.4
53.3
-2.9
6.7
1.6
4.5
Africa
Middle East

Classification based on the International Monetary Fund (IMF), see the Statistical Annex of the IMF World Economic Outlook of April 2015, page 150,
at www.imf.org/external/ns/cs.aspx?id=29.
See box at page 'Annex-1' for explanation of abbreviations and signs used
Volume 14 May 2016
A few leading source markets drive outbound tourism in

2015
China, the United States and the United Kingdom led outbound
tourism last year, fuelled by their strong currencies and
economies.
China continues to lead global outbound travel after doubledigit growth in tourism expenditure every year since 2004,
benefitting Asian destinations such as Japan and Thailand as well
as the United States and various European destinations.
Spending by Chinese travellers increased 25% in 2015 to reach
US$ 292 billion, as total outbound travellers rose 10% to 128
million.
Tourism expenditure from the worlds second largest source
market, the United States, increased by 9% in 2015 to US$ 120
billion, while the number of outbound travellers grew by 8% to 73
million. Expenditure from the United Kingdom, the fourth largest
market globally, increased 8% to US$ 63 billion with 65 million of
its residents travelling abroad, up 9%. By contrast Germany, the
worlds third largest market, reported a small decline in spending
(US$ 76 billion), partly due to the weaker euro.
Frances expenditure on outbound tourism reached US$ 38
billion, Russias US$ 35 billion and that of the Republic of Korea a
total of US$ 25 billion.
Please note that all of the above data is preliminary and subject
to revision.
The detailed information in the continuation of the UNWTO World

Tourism Barometer and its Statistical Annex is not included in the
complimentary excerpt of this document.
The full document is available in electronic format for sale and free of
charge for UNWTO members and subscribed institutions through the
UNWTO elibrary at www.e-unwto.org/content/w83v37.
For more information on the UNWTO World Tourism Barometer, please
refer to the Facts & Figures section on the UNWTO website at
www.unwto.org/facts.
Volume 14 May 2016
As of April 2016, a total of 122 countries and territories

around the world monitored by UNWTO, including
virtually all leading destinations, had reported full-year
data on international tourism receipts (from both overnight
and same-day visitors) for 2015. Among these, 85 saw an
increase in receipts (70%), 29 of which in double-digit
figures (24%), and 37 reported a decline (30%).
Based on this sample of destinations and including an
assessment for missing data, UNWTO estimates that
international tourism receipts worldwide totalled US$
1,232 billion (euro 1,110 bn) in 2015.
Exchange rate euro to US dollar
(US$ per )
1.70
1.60
1.50
1.40
1.30
1.20
1.10
1.00
0.90
0.80
20
17
20
15
20
13
20
11
20
09
20
07
20
05
20
03
0.70
20
01
According to visitor expenditure data reported by

destinations so far, international tourism receipts grew
by 3.6% in real terms in 2015. In absolute terms,
earnings by destinations are estimated to total US$
1,232 billion worldwide (euro 1,110 bn).
International tourism receipts are the earnings
generated in destination countries from expenditure by
international visitors, both overnight and same-day, on
accommodation, food and drink, local transport,
entertainment, shopping and other services and goods.
For the receiving country, receipts from international
visitors count as exports and are a vital source of
foreign currency earnings for many destinations.
Tourism receipts are an important contributor to local
economies worldwide, creating much needed employment and opportunities for development. For some 120
countries and territories, receipts from international
tourism were over US$ 1 billion in 2015.
19
99
International tourism receipts increase 4%

worldwide in 2015
Source: De Nederlandse Bank

1400
US$
1200
euro
(billion)
987
896 905
1000
800
706
1,294
1,235 1,232
1,146
1,104
986
1110
774
974
892930
793
654
744
551
654671 649
502
495
616
600
459477 482
415449450
536538531 525 567
487
409 447
400
397
354
317
200
0
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
International tourism receipts 2015
To account for the distortion caused by the exchange

rate shift, growth is computed in real terms, i.e. using local
currencies at constant prices in order to adjust for exchange
rate fluctuations and inflation (see box on page 8).
Measured in real terms, growth in international tourism
receipts is estimated at 3.6% in 2015.
Strong exchange rate shift affected absolute growth in

2015
In real terms receipts grew in all regions
The unusually strong exchange rate fluctuations in 2015
significantly influenced receipts for individual destinations
and regions expressed in current US dollars. As the US
dollar appreciated against virtually all other currencies in
2015, earnings in local currencies converted to US$ were
in many cases lower than in 2014. Earnings in euro area
destinations for instance rendered 16% fewer US dollars in
2015 compared to 2014. As a result, total receipts in
absolute US$ terms were US$ 63 bn lower in 2015 (US$
1232 bn) than in 2014 (US$ 1295 bn). Expressed in euro,
on the contrary, receipts increased by 135 billion, from 975
billion in 2014 to 1,110 billion in 2015. (For a more
detailed analysis of exchange rates and their effect on
tourism see pages 28-29 of the January 2016 Barometer.
See further also the table on page 31 of the Statistical
Annex).
6
Receipts in the Americas, Asia and the Pacific and the

Middle East all grew by 4%, while in Europe they grew by
3% and in Africa by 2%. By subregion, Oceania (+10%)
recorded the fastest growth, followed by South-East Asia
(+8%) while Subsaharan Africa, South Asia, the Caribbean,
Central America and South America all recorded 7%
growth in receipts. Western Europe (0.2%) recorded flat
growth and Central and Eastern Europe a slight decrease (0.4%), while North Africa (-10%) saw a strong decline in
line with the decrease in arrivals.
Europe, which accounts for 36% of worldwide
receipts, recorded an increase of 18 billion in euro terms to
euro 404 bn in 2015, but a drop in US dollar terms of US$
65 billion to US$ 448 billion as virtually all European
currencies depreciated versus the US dollar. While inter-
national visitors to European destinations spent more in

nominal terms, this converted to fewer US dollars.
The group of 28 countries of the European Union
(EU-28) recorded a total of US$ 371 billion (euro 334 bn)
in international tourism receipts. In real terms, receipts
grew by 3% over 2014, slightly below the worldwide
growth. In euro terms receipts increased by 13 billion,
while decreasing by 56 billion in US dollar terms. Tourism
receipts in EU-28 account for 30% of receipts worldwide.
Receipts in Asia and the Pacific (34% share) remained
the same in dollar terms (US$ 419 bn) while increasing in
real terms by 4%, as the US dollar appreciated also against
most Asian currencies, with few exceptions such as the
pegged Hong Kong dollar and the Macao pataca.
In the Americas (23% share), receipts increased by
US$ 3 billion to US$ 277 billion (euro 250 bn) with the
Caribbean generating the largest share of this increase
(+US$ 2 bn) thanks to strong growth in spending from the
United States.
In the Middle East (4% share) international tourism
receipts are estimated to have increased by some US$ 3
billion to US$ 55 billion (euro 49 bn) while in Africa (3%
share) receipts decreased by US$ 3 billion to US$ 33
billion (euro 30 bn).
(million)
1400
1300
1200
1100
1000
900
800
700
600
1,184
1,134
1,088
1,040
994
950
911928892
855
809
764
696692
674675
602625
586
527561
500
400
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
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20
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20
07
20
08
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20
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20
15
Volume 14 May 2016
International tourist arrivals up 4%

Updated information on international tourist arrivals for
2015, with full year data currently available for 135
countries and territories, confirm the analysis reported in
previous issues of the UNWTO World Tourism Barometer.
International tourist arrivals (overnight visitors) grew 4.4%
worldwide in 2015, equivalent to 50 million more arrivals,
or a total of 1,184 million tourist arrivals globally. In 2015,
international arrivals grew above the average projected by
UNWTO for the period 2010-2020 (+3.8%), and slightly
above the 4.2% growth achieved in 2014.
Across destinations results were more uneven than
usual. Asia and the Pacific, Europe and the Americas all
saw 5% growth in international arrivals, while in the
7
Middle East arrivals increased by 2%. In Africa still rather

limited data available points to a 3% decline, mostly due to
weak results in North Africa. By subregion, the Caribbean,
Oceania, South-East Asia, Central America and Northern
Europe (all +7%) led growth, followed by Central and
Eastern Europe (+6%).
Receipts grew faster than arrivals in the Middle East

and Africa
Worldwide, international tourism receipts grew somewhat
slower than arrivals: 3.6% measured in real terms versus
4.4% in arrivals. However, in Africa receipts (+2.4%)
outgrew arrivals (-2.9%), yet, based on limited amount of
data. The Middle East also recorded higher growth in
receipts (+4.3%) than in arrivals (+1.6%).
In Europe, the Americas and Asia and the Pacific
receipts did not keep pace with arrivals. This indicates that
on average, international tourists in those regions spent less
per visit in 2015 than in 2014. Particularly in Europe the
difference between both indicators was considerable.
Earnings grew at a rate of 2.6%, while arrivals were up
4.7% (in 2014 it was the other way round, with receipts up
4.1% and arrivals 2.4%). The gap was smaller in Asia and
the Pacific and the Americas, where receipts (+4.0% and
+3.7% respectively) grew about one percentage point less
than arrivals (+5.4% and +5.0%, respectively).
Data subject to revision

These trends should be interpreted with caution since the
majority of results reported at this point of the year are
provisional and thus subject to revision. Experience shows
that initially reported values are often revised upwards, as
preliminary reported data tends to be conservative.
As not all countries have reported full-year results for
2015, UNWTO has included estimates for these countries
in order to compute aggregate global and regional figures.
These estimates are based on previous years values
applying either the trend for part of the year, the trend for
arrivals for that country or the subregional trend for
receipts (or a combination of these). A large majority of
destination countries in the Americas, Asia and the Pacific,
and Europe did report actual 2015 data. However, as data
was still missing for many African and Middle Eastern
destinations, results for these regions must be interpreted
with caution.
In order to account for exchange rate fluctuations and
inflation in the computation of growth rates, UNWTO
calculates international tourism receipts in US dollar
values back to the local currencies of each destination,
weighs them by the share in the total, and deflates them by
the relevant inflation rate.
See page 5 for tables with results by (sub)region and pages
16-25 of the Statistical Annex for individual countries.
Volume 14 May 2016

Exchange rate of US dollar and euro to selected currencies
(% variation average 2015 / average 2014)
About receipts and expenditure data

For destination countries, receipts from international tourism count
as exports and cover all transactions related to the consumption by
international visitors of, for example, accommodation, food and
drink, fuel, domestic transport, entertainment, shopping, etc. They
include transactions generated by same-day as well as overnight
visitors. Receipts from same-day visitors can be substantial,
especially in the case of neighbouring countries where a lot of
shopping for goods and services is carried out by cross-border,
same-day visitors. However, the values reported as international
tourism receipts do not include receipts from international
passenger transport contracted from companies outside the
travellers countries of residence, which are reported in a separate
category.
With financial data measured in different currencies it is
complicated to accurately determine variations in relative terms, as
receipts have to be expressed in a common currency like the US
dollar or the euro and generally are also reported at current prices,
thus not taking account of exchange rate fluctuations and inflation.
Exchange rate changes can substantially influence the values
in US dollars reported from year to year. When the dollar
appreciates against for instance the euro, worldwide receipts
expressed in dollars relatively decrease, and vice versa in the case
the dollar depreciates.
In 2014, the US dollar and the euro maintained virtually the
same average exchange rate for the year, but both appreciated
against a range of other currencies. So expressed in US dollar
terms, values in euro were equal to the previous year.
In 2015, the US dollar (and pegged currencies such as from
various destinations in the Caribbean and the Middle East or Hong
Kong (China) and Macao (China)) appreciated against virtually all
other currencies, including the euro. Versus the euro the
appreciation was 20% on average for the year (see table below),
so expressed in US dollar terms, values in euro were some 16%
lower than in the previous year (i.e. x 100/119.7).
Exchange rate US$ to euro and vice versa, average for the year
US$ to euro change (%)
euro to US$ change (%)
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
0.8038
0.7964
0.7297
0.6799
0.7169
0.7543
0.7184
0.7783
0.7530
0.7527
0.9013
-0.9
-8.4
-6.8
5.4
5.2
-4.8
8.3
-3.3
0.0
19.7
1.2441
1.2556
1.3705
1.4708
1.3948
1.3257
1.3920
1.2848
1.3281
1.3285
1.1095
20
40
60
US dollar
Hong Kong dollar
UAE dirham
Pakistan rupee
Chinese yuan renminbi
Philippine peso
Vietnamese dong
Sri Lanka rupee
Taiwan dollar
Indian rupee
currencies
to which
US$
strengthened
but
to which
euro
weakened
Swiss franc
Jamaican dollar
Thai baht
Korean won
Pound sterling
Singapore dollar
Israeli new shekel
Fiji dollar
Peruvian new sol
Indonesian rupiah
Argentine peso
Japanese yen
Chilean peso
Tunisian dinar
Canadian dollar
Moroccan dirham
South African rand
Czech koruna
New-Zealand dollar
0.9
9.2
7.3
-5.2
-5.0
5.0
-7.7
3.4
0.0
-16.5
In order to account for exchange rate changes and inflation,

international tourism receipts expressed in US dollar values (for
reason of comparison) were converted back to the local currencies
of each destination, weighted by the share in the total, and
deflated by the relevant rate of inflation. Although in this way data
are made comparable, care should nevertheless be taken in
interpreting the trends, as statistics, in most cases, are still
provisional and subject to revision. For the totals, estimates are
made by UNWTO for countries that have not yet reported results,
based on the previous years value and the trend for the
(sub)region. Unlike arrivals, where revisions generally more or less
balance out, receipts data tends to be revised upwards.
8
-20
Croatian kuna
Mexican peso
Malaysian ringgit
Polish zloty
Euro
Danish krone
Australian dollar
Hungarian forint
Swedish krona
Turkish lira
currencies
to which
both US$
and euro
strengthened
Norwegian krone
Colombian peso
Brazilian real
Russian rouble
variation of US$ to currency
variation of euro to currency
Source: compiled by UNWTO based on data from De Nederlandse Bank

(DNB)/European Central Bank (ECB) and the Bank of Canada (BoC)
Volume 14 May 2016
International Tourist Arrivals and Tourism Receipts (local currencies, constant prices)
World
Change over previous year (%)
12
Arrivals
Receipts
6
3
0
-3
-6
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
(% change 2014//2013)
10
8
6
4
2
0
-2
UNWTO Conference on
Tourism: a Catalyst for Development,
Peace and Reconciliation
11 - 14 July 2016
Amaya Beach Resort
Passikudah, Sri Lanka
http://asiapacific.unwto.org/event/unwto-conference-tourism-catalystdevelopment-peace-and-reconciliation
Middle East
Subsaharan
Africa
North Africa
South America
Central
America
Caribbean
North America
South Asia
South-East
Asia
North-East Asia
Southern/Medit.
Europe
Central/Eastern
Europe
Western
Europe
Northern
Europe
Oceania
-4
-6
World
Volume 14 May 2016
Worlds top tourism destinations 2015

International arrivals and receipts rebound in
Thailand
Two changes took place in the top ten ranking by
international tourism receipts in 2015, and one in the
ranking by arrivals. Following the strong rebound last
year, Thailand leaped from 9th to 5th place in tourism
receipts, reaching US$ 45 billion. At the same time, it
climbed to 11th in arrivals, from 14th. Furthermore in
receipts, Hong Kong (China) moved up to 9th from 10th.
In the ranking by arrivals, Mexico moved to 9th from
10th position, and by tourism receipts to 17th from 22nd.
When ranking the worlds top international tourism
destinations, it is preferable to take more than a single
indicator into account. Ranked according to the two key
tourism indicators international tourist arrivals and
international tourism receipts it is interesting to note that
seven of the top 10 destinations appear on both rankings,
despite showing marked differences in terms of the type of
tourists they attract, the tourists average length of stay and
their spending per trip and per night.
It is important to note that changes in the ranking by
international tourism receipts not only reflect relative
performance of the different destinations, but also
exchange rate fluctuations of the local currencies against
the US dollar. This is particularly the case for 2015, when
exchange rate movements were unusually large. Between
2014 and 2015 the US dollar appreciated by 20% against
the euro and to different extents against almost all major
world currencies. Pegged or virtually pegged currencies
from various destinations in the Caribbean and the Middle
East, Hong Kong (China) and Macao (China), also
appreciated considerably. As a result receipts earned in
countries with weaker currencies convert to fewer US
dollars in 2015 and in some cases this changes the relative
position of a country in the ranking.
Thailand climbs to 5th place in the top ten by earnings

The United States, China, Spain and France continue to top
the ranking by both international tourism receipts and
tourist arrivals, albeit in a different order. The United
States is the worlds top tourism earner with US$ 178
billion recorded in 2015 and the number two destination
measured in international arrivals (75 million in 2014,
2015 still pending). China is the second largest earner with
US$114 billion and fourth in arrivals with 57 million.
Spain is third both in receipts (US$ 57 billion) and in
arrivals (68 million). France is the fourth largest tourism
earner with US$ 46 billion reported in 2015, but the
worlds top destination in arrivals with 84 million tourists
in 2015. (Note that China substantially revised upwards
10
international tourism receipts series for 2015 and

retrospectively for 2014 due to changes in methodology).
Italy has consolidated its 5th place in arrivals (51 mn)
and moved one place down to 7th in earnings (US$ 40 bn).
Thailand achieved 5th position in receipts with US$ 45 bn,
moving up four places, overtaking Germany, Italy and the
United Kingdom whose receipts expressed in US dollars
has declined due to the strong depreciation of the euro and
UK pound against the US dollar. As the political unrest
from 2014 has faded, Thailand enjoyed a strong 20%
rebound in international arrivals in 2015 to 30 million,
moving up three places to 11th from 14th.
Turkey remains 6th in arrivals (40 mn in 2014) and
12th in receipts (US$ 27 bn). Germany holds onto 7th place
in arrivals (35 mn) and moves one down to 8th in earnings
with US$ 37 billion in 2015. The United Kingdom still
ranks 8th in arrivals (33 million in 2014) but moves one
place down in receipts to 7th (US$ 42 bn). Mexico climbs
one place to 9th in arrivals, and moves up five to 17th in
receipts with US$ 17 billion, as a result of the recent surge
in arrivals from the United States. The comparatively large
difference in Mexicos place in both rankings is explained
by the fact that many of its international tourist arrivals are
still short-stay cross-border visits.
World and regions: Inbound Tourism
(million)
90
France
80
United States
70
Spain
60
China
Italy
50
Turkey
40
Germany
United Kingdom
Mexico
Russian Federation
30
20
10
0
'95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08 '09 '10 '11 '12 '13 '14 '15
Volume 14 May 2016
The Russian Federation for its part moves one place

down to 10th in tourist arrivals with 31 million, and four
places down to 33rd in tourism receipts with US$ 8 billion.
In the Russian Federation, the rather big difference
between both rankings is because the large majority of
arrivals correspond to visiting friends and relatives with
comparatively low expenditure.
Completing the top 10 in international tourism
receipts are the two Chinese Special Administrative
Regions (SARs): Hong Kong (9th) with receipts of US$ 36
billion and Macao (10th) with US$ 31 billion. In arrivals,
Macao moved down three places to 22nd, with 14 million
and Hong Kong two to 13th (27 mn).
Japan continues its rise as a major international

destination after another year of exceptional growth
A number of Asian destinations also reported strong results
in international tourism arrivals and receipts. In its fourth
consecutive year of strong growth after the Thoku
tsunami in 2011, Japan welcomed 20 million tourists last
year, an exceptional increase of 47%, or six million more
arrivals than in 2014, climbing six places to 16th in the
(US$ billion)
ranking. It also recorded an outstanding 51% increase in

receipts, moving up four places to 13th in the ranking by
earnings. As it heads for its fifth consecutive year of
double-digit growth, Japan has become a major international destination in Asia and on the world stage.
Also moving up in the rankings last year in Asia were
India, Taiwan (pr. of China), Indonesia, Vietnam and the
Philippines. India moved up one place in both arrivals (to
40th) and in receipts (to 14th). Taiwan (pr. of China) moved
up three places to 29th in arrivals following 5% growth.
Indonesia climbed five places to 30th, after a 10% increase
in arrivals, and two places to 29th in receipts, following 4%
growth in 2015. Vietnam moved up one place in receipts to
36th while it is 41st in arrivals. Philippines entered the top
50 most visited destinations in the world at 48, with 5
million international arrivals, and moved up two places in
receipts to 46th following 5% growth. In Oceania, Australia
climbed two places in arrivals to 42nd after 8% growth in
2015 while New Zealand moved up two in tourism receipts
to 32st following 26% growth in earnings.
In Europe, a number of midsize destinations also
moved up in the rankings. Austria (12th) and the
Netherlands (20th) both climbed one place in arrivals after
6% and 8% growth respectively. Hungary (21st) moved up
United States
175
(euro billion)
United States
150
150
125
125
China
China
100
100
75
75
Spain
France
Thailand
United Kingdom
Italy
Germany
Hong Kong (China)
Macao (China)
50
25
Spain
France
Thailand
United Kingdom
Italy
Germany
Hong Kong (China)
Macao (China)
50
25
0
'95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08 '09 '10 '11 '12 '13 '14 '15
11
'95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08 '09 '10 '11 '12 '13 '14 '15
Volume 14 May 2016
three places in the ranking of arrivals after 18% growth in

2015. Portugal climbed one place in receipts to 26th and
three in arrivals to 33rd after positive results in both
indicators (+10% in arrivals and +9% in receipts). Croatia
and Switzerland both moved up two places in arrivals to
24th and 35th respectively, while Switzerland climbed two
to 19th in the rankings by receipts. Sweden (27th) climbed
one place in receipts after 17% growth in 2015.
In the Middle East, Saudi Arabia climbed five places
in receipts to 30th place, after 23% growth in 2015, while
ranking 17th in arrivals. The United Arab Emirates also
moved up five positions in receipts to number 20.
Meanwhile, Qatar climbed four places in earnings to 47th.
In the Americas, the Dominican Republic jumped
seven places to 39th in the ranking by receipts while
moving up one place in arrivals to 47th.

-40 -30 -20 -10
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
United States
Spain
France
China
Macao (China)
United Kingdom
Italy
Germany
Thailand
Hong Kong (China)
Australia
Turkey
Data still subject to revision

Please note that these rankings reflect data reported by
countries and territories through April 2016. The order can
still vary as not all countries have yet reported data and
data for many countries and territories at this stage is
preliminary, and therefore subject to revisions.
See the Statistical Annex for the tables listing the first 50
destinations in terms of arrivals and receipts. For values of
other countries and territories with available data, see the
tables on the regions.
Malaysia
Austria
India
Singapore
Japan
Korea (ROK)
Greece
Canada
Switzerland
Mexico
Netherlands
Taiwan (pr. of China)
Utd Arab Emirates
12
(% change)
14*/13
15*/14 YTD
Volume 14 May 2016
Worlds top spenders on outbound

tourism in 2015
China, the United States and the United
Kingdom lead outbound travel growth in 2015
Of the 47 (out of 50) major spenders that have reported
full-year data so far, 33 (70%) posted increases (in local
currencies) in tourism expenditure abroad, of which 10
(21%) in double digits, while 14 (30%) saw declines.
As in international tourist arrivals, trends in
tourism expenditure were also rather uneven. In 2015,
tourist flows and expenditure between source markets
and destinations were significantly influenced by
unusually
strong
exchange
rate
fluctuations,
particularly the appreciation of the US dollar. A few
leading source markets drove international tourism
expenditure last year supported by a strong currency
and economy. China, the United States and the United
Kingdom led outbound tourism in their respective
regions, boosted by the strength of the US dollar, the
Chinese yuan and the British pound versus most world
currencies, including the euro.
residents travelling to international destinations was up 7%

last year. In 2015, a strong US dollar and robust economy
fuelled US outbound travel, contributing to higher inbound
volumes in destinations across the Americas and beyond.
World and regions: Outbound Tourism
International Tourism Expenditure
300
(US$ billion)
China
275
250
225
200
175
150
125
United States
100
Top spender China extended its lead further in 2015

China continues to lead global outbound travel after
double-digit growth in tourism expenditure every year
since 2004, benefitting Asian destinations such as Japan
and Thailand, as well as the United States and various
European destinations. Since 2012, it is the worlds top
spender in international tourism. Expenditure by Chinese
travellers grew 25% in 2015 to reach US$ 292 billion, an
increase of US$ 58 billion from 2014. The number of
outbound travellers from China rose 10% to 128 million in
2015. (Note that China substantially revised upwards
international tourism expenditure series for 2015 and
retrospectively for 2014 due to changes in methodology).
International tourism spending from China currently
generates some 24% of receipts in destinations worldwide.
As in the case of most source markets, the majority of
Chinese travellers travel to destinations within their own
region, boosting receipts particularly in Hong Kong
(China), Macao (China), Taiwan (pr. of China), the
Republic of Korea, Japan, Cambodia, Vietnam, Thailand,
Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia.
A strong US dollar fuels tourism spending from the

United States
Expenditure on international tourism out of the United
States, the worlds second largest source market, increased
by 9% in 2015 to US$ 120 billion. The number of US
13
Germany
United Kingdom
France
Russian Federation
75
50
Canada
Korea (ROK)
Italy
Australia
25
0
'95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08 '09 '10 '11 '12 '13 '14 '15
France and the Republic of Korea move up in the

ranking
The third largest source market, Germany (-2% in current
euro terms) reported a small decline in expenditure last
year (euro 69 billion/US$ 76 billion), partly due to the
weaker euro. By contrast, the United Kingdom reported
strong growth (+8%), with a total US$ 63 billion spent in
international tourism. The UK led outbound demand in
Europe, supported by a strong British pound, compared to
the euro. UK residents' visits abroad were up by 5 million
(+9%) in 2015 to 65 million. Fifth largest market, France
reported a 6% decline in 2015 (euro 35 billion/US$ 38
billion), but still moved up one place in the ranking to 5th
as the Russian Federation moved down one.
Expenditure from the formerly dynamic emerging
source markets of the Russian Federation (-31%) and
Brazil (-32%) declined substantially in 2015, reflecting the
Volume 14 May 2016
economic constraints in both countries and the depreciation

of the rouble and the real against virtually all other
currencies. The Russian Federation moved down one place
from 5th to 6th in the ranking in 2015, despite a total US$
35 billion spent on outbound tourism, almost six-times as
much as in 2000. Following a period of rapid advance,
Brazil lost its 10th place and moved down to 17th with an
expenditure of US$ 17 billion.
Meanwhile, Canada remained in 7th place with US$
29 billion in expenditure and flat growth in 2015. The
Republic of Korea moved up six places to 8th, after its
spending increased by a robust 8% in 2015, reaching US$
25 billion. As a consequence, Italy and Australia both
moved down one place in the ranking to 9th and 10th
respectively, even though expenditure grew by 2% to US$
24 billion in Italy and by 7% to US$ 23 billion in Australia.
World and regions: Outbound Tourism
(euro billion)
275
China
250
225
absolute increase among advanced economies was

recorded by the United States (+US$ 10 bn to US$ 120 bn)
and the Republic of Korea (+US$ 2 bn to US$ 25 bn).
Most other markets reported a decrease in spending in US
dollar terms due to the depreciation of their currencies
versus the US dollar, despite actually recording an increase
in local currencies.
In relative local currency terms, in Europe international tourism expenditure was strongest from Spain
(+18%), which moved up four places in the ranking to 16th.
Scandinavian markets Sweden (+12%), Norway (+8%) and
Finland (+6%) also reported healthy growth in spending
last year. Other European markets posting solid growth
were Israel (+13%), which climbed four places to 42nd, the
Czech Republic (+12%), Portugal (+9%) and Ireland
(+7%). The Netherlands (15th), Denmark (31st) and
Luxembourg (49th) all recorded 2% more spending. The
Netherlands moved up one place to 15th from 16th.
Among advanced economies in Asia and the Pacific,
Hong Kong (China) saw 4% growth in tourism spending,
climbing four places to 11th in the ranking while Taiwan
(pr. of China), 22nd largest spender, reported 11% growth.
In Oceania, New Zealand (47th place) reported 8% growth.
Generally softer outbound demand from emerging

markets
200
175
150
125
United States
100
75
Germany
United Kingdom
France
Russian Federation
50
Canada
Korea (ROK)
Italy
Australia
25
0
'95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08 '09 '10 '11 '12 '13 '14 '15
Mixed trends in spending from advanced economy

markets
Expenditure from advanced source markets was uneven,
with some large source markets reporting solid growth and
others a more moderate increase or a decline. The biggest
14
International tourism demand from emerging markets

generally softened in 2015, as many are commodity
exporters that saw their revenues decrease last year. Lower
commodity prices, including that of oil, have impacted
many of these economies and in turn, their outbound
demand. The currencies of many of these markets also
depreciated, reducing the purchasing power of tourists
abroad. However, trends vary across individual source
markets.
While China (+25%) continued to grow at an exceptional rate, some other large emerging economy source
markets experienced a slowdown in 2015. Spending from
the Russian Federation (6th largest spender) and Brazil
(17th) was down 31% and 32% respectively, as mentioned
earlier, due to the slowdown of their economies and the
depreciation of their currencies. The fourth BRIC country,
India (24th), recorded a 7% increase in spending in 2015
after a 31% surge in 2014, with a total US$ 15 billion spent
on international travel. Some comparatively smaller
emerging markets also recorded strong growth in 2015.
In Asia, the Philippines reported a 10% increase in
spending, in its fourth consecutive year of double-digit
growth, moving up three places to 25th in the ranking.
Tourism spending from Thailand (+13%) also grew in
double digits last year, after 15% growth in 2014, moving
up one place to 34th.
Among source markets in the Americas, Mexico (US$
10 bn) reported 5% growth in 2015 and moved up two
places to 28th, while Argentina saw expenditure increase by
10% to US$ 6 bn, moving up one place to 36th. Among
Volume 14 May 2016
other emerging tourism source markets in Europe, Poland

(33rd place) grew 7% to US$ 8 bn, and Turkey 6% to US$
5 bn, climbing two places to 39th.
In the Middle East, Kuwait boasted 19% growth in
tourism expenditure (in the first three quarters), rebounding
from weaker figures in 2014. Egypt (+10%) also reported
increased spending, moving up two places in the ranking to
48th. By contrast, Saudi Arabia (-14%) saw a drop in
tourism expenditure in 2015. The only two African
countries in the top 50 by spending were Nigeria (+6%)
which moved up one place to 37th and South Africa (+11%)
which is the 50th largest spender.
Expenditure
fluctuations
trends
influenced
by
exchange
rate
specific tourism flows. A certain destination becomes more

price-competitive when its currency depreciates relative to
the currencies of its source markets. Similarly, it becomes
less affordable, when its currency appreciates against the
currencies of its visitors. An appreciating currency
increases the purchasing power of a countrys travellers
abroad, but makes that destination itself less attractive to
foreign markets against whose currencies it has
appreciated.
For a full list of 50 top spenders see table on page 12 of
the Statistical Annex.
-40 -30 -20 -10
It should be noted that while international tourism

expenditure is expressed in US dollars to facilitate
comparisons across markets, percentage changes are
calculated in local currencies at current prices, unless
otherwise indicated, to account for exchange rate
fluctuations. Thus, exchange rate movements are
accounted for in percentage changes, but inflation is not.
It is also important to note that exchange rate
fluctuations particularly between the US dollar and the
euro can render comparisons in total spending between
countries, as well as changes in absolute terms over time,
rather misleading. If the US dollar appreciates versus the
euro for example, as was the cases in 2015, tourism
spending by euro-area source markets translates into a
lower amount of US dollars from one year to another. This
does not necessarily mean that spending was lower, but
simply that the same amount of euro converts into less
dollars. Similarly, if the US dollar depreciates, spending by
euro-area markets translates into a higher amount of US
dollars, which should not be interpreted necessarily as
expenditure increasing.
As mentioned before, 2015 is a year particularly
marked by strong exchange rate fluctuations. Between
2014 and 2015, the US dollar appreciated by 20% against
the euro with the yearly average moving from euro 0.75 to
euro 0.90 (euro moving from US$ 1.33 to US$ 1.11). This
means that euro area source markets may have spent the
same or more in their own currency, while in US dollar
terms expenditure decreased. The US dollar also
appreciated against a number of other currencies last year,
most strongly versus currencies of the Russian Federation
(+60% against the rouble) and Brazil (+42% against the
real), where weaker economic activity has weighed down
substantially on the exchange rate. In these and other cases,
lower tourism spending figures in US dollar terms does not
imply lower expenditure.
Exchange rate fluctuations can influence the analysis
and interpretation of data (as seen above) but also have
effects on the markets themselves. Fluctuations do not
greatly alter tourism volumes overall, but can influence
destination choice and therefore the size and direction of
15
10
(% change, local currencies)

20
30
40
50
60
70
80
China
United States
Germany
United Kingdom
Russian Federation
France
Canada
Italy
Australia
Brazil
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
Belgium
Korea (ROK)
Hong Kong (China)
Netherlands
Japan
Norway
Sweden
Spain
Utd Arab Emirates
Switzerland
India
Malaysia
14*/13
15*/14 YTD
90
Volume 14 May 2016
International tourism as export earnings

In macro-economic terms, expenditure by international
visitors counts as exports for the destination country and as
imports for the country of residence of the visitor. In the
Balance of Payments (BOP), receipts from inbound
tourism are reported as travel credit under the services
balance and expenditure on outbound tourism as travel
debit. For many countries tourism is an important source of
foreign currency earnings.
according to recent data reported by the World Trade

Organization). (See further table on page 7 of the
Statistical Annex)
As a worldwide export category, tourism ranked third
in 2014 (2015 data not yet available for commodity trade
categories), after fuels (US$ 3.1 trillion) and chemicals
(US$ 2.1 trillion), and ahead of food (US$ 1.5 trillion) and
automotive products (US$ 1.4 trillion). (See further table
on page 8 of the Statistical Annex)
World
(US$ billion)
3,500
International passenger transport receipts
Fuels
3,000
Aside from the Balance of Payments travel credit item,

tourism also generates export earnings through international passenger transport, which is reported separately
under the item passenger transport credit in the services
section of the Balance of Payments. Passenger transport
services are recorded as export earnings for the reporting
country, where the transport companies are registered, only
when these services are provided to non-residents (so it
does not relate to all receipts from international passenger
transport, but only to its export value, as many people
travel with transport companies registered in their own
country of residence).
In 2015, international passenger transport generated
an estimated US$ 210 billion in export earnings. Added to
the US$ 1,232 billion in tourism receipts in destinations
(BOP travel), this brings total tourism export earnings to
US$ 1.4 trillion, or almost US$ 4 billion a day on average.
World: Inbound Tourism, 2015
Receipts from international tourism and passenger transport
International
passenger
transport
receipts: 210
(US$ billion)
International
Tourism
Receipts: 1232
International tourism third largest export category

With US$ 1.4 trillion in export earnings, international
tourism (travel and passenger transport) accounts for 30%
of the worlds exports of services. The share in overall
exports of goods and services increased to 7% in 2015, up
from 6%, as for the fourth consecutive year international
tourism outgrew world merchandise trade (+2.8% in 2015
16
Chemicals
Food
2,500
Automotive products
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
Broken down by advanced and emerging economies,

the percentage of tourism in overall export earnings does
not vary much: 6.6% and 7.4% respectively in 2015. In
particular for emerging economies tourisms share in
export earnings has been on the rise in recent years as
commodity prices have been under pressure.
For the group of advanced economies, tourism
generated US$ 879 billion in exports in 2015 (US$ 741
billion in travel and US$ 138 billion in passenger
transport). For this group, tourism ranked fourth as an
export category in 2014 after chemicals, including
pharmaceuticals (US$ 1,589 billion), fuels (US$ 1,029
billion) and automotive products (US$ 1,074 billion), but
ahead of food (US$ 840 billion).
Tourism ranks as the top export earner in many
emerging economies, including several least developed
countries (LDCs), among which Burkina Faso, Gambia,
Haiti, Madagascar, Nepal, Rwanda and Tanzania. For the
group of emerging economies as a whole, tourism
generated US$ 562 billion in exports in 2015 (US$ 490
billion in travel and US$ 72 billion in passenger transport).
As an export category, tourism ranked third in 2014 after
fuels (US$ 2,039 bn) and food (US$ 646 bn), but ahead of
textiles and clothing (US$ 520 bn) and chemicals (US$
465 bn).
Although fuels is the largest export category worldwide, and even more so for emerging economies, earnings
are heavily concentrated in a few large oil, gas and coal
exporters. By contrast, many more countries benefit from
tourism, which also tends to generate more employment.
Additionally, earnings from commodities are very sensitive
to price development. It is interesting to note that through-
Volume 14 May 2016
out the 2009 downturn, international tourism was rather

more resilient than other trade categories, decreasing only
by 5% in real terms, compared to overall exports declining
by 11%.
Advanced Economies
(US$ billion)

Emerging Economies
(US$ billion)
2,250
2,250
2,000
Chemicals
2,000
Fuels
1,750
Fuels
1,500
Automotive products
Textiles & Clothing
1,500
Food
1,250
Food
1,750
Chemicals
1,250
1,000
1,000
750
750
500
500
250
250
Other mining products
0
1995
2000
2005
17
2010
2015
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
Volume 14 May 2016
Save the date!!

The 10th UNWTO/PATA Forum on
Tourism Trends and Outlook

First World Conference on
Tourism for Development
Tourism for Peace and Development
18-21 May 2016 - Beijing, China
The First World Conference on Tourism for
Development will be held in Beijing, China from 18-21
May 2016 with a specific view to advancing the
contribution of tourism to the Sustainable Development
Goals (SDG).
The event will be jointly organized by the Government of
the Peoples Republic of China and the World Tourism
Organization (UNWTO).
The conference, which coincides with the China Tourism
Day, will be addressed by the Head of Government of
China and bring together leaders in the areas of tourism
and development to spur dialogue and create a better
understanding of tourisms contribution to development,
including poverty alleviation and peace.
On this occasion, China, as chair of the G20, will also
host the 7th T20 Ministers Meeting under the theme
Sustainable Tourism An Effective Tool for Inclusive
Development.
The one-day conference on 19 February will be divided
into three components: the first part of the conference in
the form of a Summit Forum will be devoted to the
thematic topic of Sustainable Development through
Tourism.
The subsequent two sessions of the conference will be
devoted to deliberations at ministerial level on the subthemes of Tourism for Poverty Alleviation and Tourism
for Peace.
For more information and registration please see:

www.tourismfordevelopment.org
18
Tourism 10:10 - Looking back to look forward

20-22 October, 2016
Guilin, China
This forum is jointly organised by the World Tourism
Organization (UNWTO) and the Pacific Asia Travel
Association (PATA), hosted by Guilin Municipal Peoples
Government and in collaboration with The Hong Kong
Polytechnic University.
This years forum will be the 10th anniversary, organized
under the theme of "Tourism 10:10 - Looking back to look
forward". The Guilin Forum provides an annual Pan-AsiaPacific platform for policy makers, senior officials,
researchers and industry representatives to take stock of
global & regional trends and to better understand their
potential impacts on tourism. The event, under the joint
umbrella of the UNWTO and PATA, will allow participants to
share information, analyse the current tourism situation and
map out the next course of action for the future.
For more information please visit:

http://asiapacific.unwto.org/event/save-date-10th-unwtopataforum-tourism-trends-and-outlook
Volume 14 May 2016
national tourism receipts of US$ 178 billion and

expenditure of US$ 120 billion. Spain follows at second,
with a surplus of US$ 39 billion (receipts worth US$ 57
billion and expenditure US$ 18 bn). The United States is
also first in the ranking by tourism receipts, while Spain is
third, but they are respectively number 2 and number 16 in
the ranking by expenditure.
Thailand ranks third by tourism surplus with US$ 37
billion, followed by Macao (China), which has yet to
report 2015 expenditure data and with surplus estimated at
around US$ 29 billion. Turkey recorded the fifth largest
surplus with US$ 24 billion.
These countries are major international tourism
destinations (Thailand is 5th in receipts, Macao (China) 10th
and Turkey 12th), but comparatively smaller spenders on
international tourism, which explains their large surpluses.
The top 10 list of countries with the largest tourism
surpluses is completed by three European and two Asian
destinations: Italy, Greece, Hong Kong (China), Austria
and Japan, with surpluses ranging from US$ 9 billion to
US$ 15 billion. Japan, which traditionally has run a deficit,
surprisingly comes in at number 10 this year as it has
turned its deficit into a substantial surplus thanks to its
recent tourism boom.
Beyond the top ten, positions 11 to 25 in the tourism
surplus ranking feature a number of advanced and
emerging economies from different world regions.
Emerging ones include Croatia, Mexico, Malaysia, India,
the Dominican Republic, South Africa, Vietnam, Morocco,
Hungary, Panama and Indonesia. In these countries,
international tourism receipts contribute significantly to a
healthy Balance of Payments, especially in the smaller
emerging economies with modest export volumes of
commodities or other services, where tourism is a major
source of foreign currency income.
For many countries international tourism contributes

substantially to the improvement of their Balance of
Payments, offsetting a deficit on the trade balance due
to imports of other categories of goods and services, or
adding to an already positive balance. International
tourism receipts (travel credit item of the services
balance) are a services export in the Balance of
Payments of the destination country, while expenditure
on international tourism (travel debit item of the
services balance) is a services import for the source
country. As such, for individual countries international
tourism can generate a tourism trade surplus (when
receipts exceed expenditure) or deficit (vice versa) in
the travel item. Due to their high inbound tourism
earnings and comparatively low outbound expenditure,
some countries like the United States, Mediterranean
destinations Spain, Turkey, Italy, Greece, Portugal and
Croatia, and Asian destinations Thailand, Macao
(China) and Hong Kong (China) have important
surpluses in their tourism trade balance. The table on
page 14 of the Statistical Annex (see column Balance)
shows the countries with the largest tourism surplus in
the world.
The United States, Spain, Thailand, Macao (China) and

Turkey record the largest tourism trade surpluses
In 2015 the United States continues to top the ranking with
a tourism surplus of US$ 58 billion, resulting from interCountries by major surplus on the travel balance
200
(US$ billion)
178
Receipts
175
Expenditure
150
Surplus
125
100
75
58 57
50
39 45 37 43 41
25
27 21
40
46
36
15 16 13
13 18
25
9
9 13 9 9
17
18
21
29
6
0
-25
-18
-50
-8
-2
-2
-5
-24
-23
-9
-16
-4
-1
-10
-38
-10
-15
5 9
6 8
6 6
0
-3
5 7
-4
5 6
-2
5 5
-1
4 4
-2
3
-1
11
-7
-23
-75
-100
-125
-120
Un
ite
dS
tat
es
Sp
a
T in
Ma hail
ca and
o(
Ch
ina
)
Tu
rke
y
Ita
ly
Ho
G
ng
Ko reec
ng
e
(C
hin
a
Au )
str
ia
Ja
pa
Po n
rtu
ga
Cr l
oa
tia
Fr
an
ce
Me
xic
Ma o
lay
sia
Ind
ia
Do Aus
t
r
mi
nic alia
an
So Rep
uth .
Ne Afri
c
w
Ze a
ala
n
Vi d
etn
a
Mo m
ro
cc
Hu o
ng
ar
Pa y
na
m
Ind a
on
es
ia
Worlds top countries by travel balance

surplus in 2015
19
Volume 14 May 2016
Inbound tourism: short-term trends 2016
Strong start of the year in most world regions

International tourist arrivals (overnight visitors)
worldwide grew an estimated 5% in the first two
months of 2016 compared to the same period last year,
based on comparatively limited data reported so far.
This preliminary figure is slightly higher than that of
the full year 2015 (+4%), though it is boosted by the
extra leap year day in February and might vary as the
year advances. By region, Asia and the Pacific (+8%)
and the Americas (+7%) saw the highest growth this
January-February period, while Europe recorded a 4%
increase in arrivals.
United States, the Russian Federation or Malaysia. By

subregion, coverage is still particularly limited in
Subsaharan Africa, the Middle East, Central and Eastern
Europe and Central America.
According to UNWTOs forecast published in the
January edition of the UNWTO World Tourism Barometer,
international tourist arrivals are expected to increase 3.5%
to 4.5% in 2016.
International Tourist Arrivals, monthly evolution
World
(million)
140
2012
130
2013
120
2014
110
2015
100
2016*
90
80
A total of 93 countries have so far reported data on

international tourist arrivals for one or more months of
2016. Of these, 71 reported an increase in arrivals (76%),
of which 46 saw double-digit growth (49%), and 22
countries (24%) a decline. Based on this sample of
destinations, international tourist arrivals are estimated to
have grown 5% in January and February 2016, compared
to the same period last year.
Of the two months, growth was somewhat higher in
February (+5.6%) than in January (+4.7%), compared to
the same months last year. It should be taken into account,
nonetheless, that 2016 is a leap year, and that February had
one more day (29 days) than usual. This extra day
corresponds to roughly 3.5% of additional arrivals this
month.
International tourism arrivals are rather strong across
most (sub)-regions this early part of 2016 according to
available data, particularly in Asia and the Pacific (+8%)
and the Americas (+7%). Figures for Africa show a
rebound (+6%) according to limited information so far,
driven by a strong pick-up in Subsaharan Africa (+12%).
Europe also performed well these first two months of the
year (+4%), with the exception of Western Europe (+0%),
where France saw weaker results in January. All other
European subregions enjoyed strong results, including
Northern Europe (+11%). By contrast, the Middle East
(-10%) suffered a drop in arrivals these first two months.
In total, five world subregions recorded double-digit
figures this period: Subsaharan Africa (+12%), Northern
Europe (+11%), Oceania, South Asia and South America
(all +10%).
Caution should be exercised when interpreting these
figures as they only cover the first few months of the year,
which for many countries are low-season months with
some 80 million arrivals a month worldwide, and are often
not representative for the full-year trend. The current
analysis is also still based on a comparatively limited
selection of countries, with no 2016 data reported yet for
various key destinations around the world including the
20
70
60
50
10
11
12

World
(% change)
15
10
5
0
-5
-10
-15
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016*
Asia and the Pacific leads growth in early 2016

Asia and the Pacific saw the fastest growth across world
regions, with an 8% increase in international tourist
arrivals in the first two months of 2016. All subregions
performed well, in particular Oceania and South Asia (both
+10%) thanks to double-digit growth in many individual
destinations. New Zealand (+13%), Australia (+12%) and
Guam (+11%) drove results in Oceania, while Sri Lanka
(+22%) and India (+10%) did so in South Asia. South-East
Asia (+8%) also saw strong results, with 15% growth in
Thailand and 12% in Singapore, while Vietnam (+23%)
and the Philippines (+17%) also contributed to the
subregions growth. In North-East Asia (+8%), Japan
Volume 14 May 2016
(+39%) boosted the subregions results, as did Taiwan

(+16%) and the Republic of Korea (+12%). Macao (China)
and mainland China also reported solid figures this first
part of the year, with 9% and 5% growth respectively.
Brussels attacks took place in March 2016, after the

reporting period). By contrast, other destinations in the
subregion reported positive results, among which the
Netherlands (+13%), Austria (+10%) and Germany (+5%).
Good results across both hemispheres in the Americas
Africa rebounds driven by Subsaharan Africa
The Americas (+7%) continued to enjoy robust results in

January and February, led by South America (+10%) where
it is the summer peak season in Southern Hemisphere
destinations. Chile (+35%), Colombia (+15%) and
Uruguay (+14%) led results, while Peru grew 6%. The
Caribbean (+8%) also saw strong growth, with Cuba
(+13%) and the Dominican Republic (+7%) driving results
in the subregion. In North America (+5%), Canada (+13%)
and Mexico (+11%) enjoyed double-digit growth this
period, while data is still pending from the United States.
Information for Central America (+5%) is still quite scarce,
except for Panama, which posted 3% growth in January
and February.
Limited data for Africa points to a rebound this early part

of 2016, with an estimated 6% increase in arrivals in the
region, led by Subsaharan Africa (+12%). Results are
strong so far, though based on a small number of reporting
countries. Top destination South Africa reverted last years
negative trend and welcomed 17% more international
tourists in the first two months of 2016. Mauritius (+13%)
and Seychelles (+10%) continued their strong performance
of previous years. Sierra Leone has started to see a
recovery in the first three months where arrivals increased
by over 300%, however, compared to the very depressed
levels of the first part of last year. By contrast, North
Africa (-6%) recorded a drop in arrivals through February,
due to a decline in Morocco (-2%) and Tunisia (-19%),
which are still suffering from the impact of various acts of
terrorism last year.
In the Middle East (-10%) results are weak so far,
though data is still pending from Jordan, Palestine and
Dubai (United Arab Emirates). Arrivals in Egypt (-46%)
decreased sharply this period following the difficulties in
2015 and the negative travel advisories from some of its
major source markets. Meanwhile, Oman (+10%) and
Lebanon (+9%) posted solid figures.
Solid growth in many European destinations

Europe (+4%) has also seen solid growth this early part of
the year, driven by Northern Europe (+11%) and Southern
and Mediterranean Europe (+6%). All destinations in
Northern Europe reported strong results, with Ireland
(+17%), Denmark (+14%), Finland (+12%) and Norway
(+11%) all enjoying double-digit growth, while the United
Kingdom, the subregions largest destination, recorded an
increase of 7%. Smaller destination Iceland saw a 40%
surge in arrivals compared to the same two months of
2015.
In Southern and Mediterranean Europe (+6%), growth
also exceeded the regions average, with large destinations
Croatia (+17%), Portugal (+15%) and Spain (+13%)
boasting strong results. Smaller destinations Cyprus
(+32%), Serbia (+24%), Slovenia (+19%), Andorra and
Malta (both +13%) also reported growth in double-digits,
as did FYR Macedonia (+11%).
Tourism volumes are usually modest in the first
months of the year, as this is the low season in most
European destinations, particularly in the South. However,
strong growth in many destinations may indicate that
strategies to fight seasonality are bearing fruit, as growth is
spread out over a larger part of the year.
In Central and Eastern Europe (+4%) information is
still limited, though various destinations with data
available performed well. Slovakia (+25%), Romania
(+20%) and Georgia (+15%) all reported good results this
period, as did Bulgaria (+7%).
In Western Europe (0%) results were flat, largely due
to weak results in top destination France, which reported a
decline in arrivals in January. France and Belgium are still
struggling with the aftermath of the 2015 terrorist attacks
in Paris and the Brussels lockdown (note that the recent
21
Note: All results presented in this issue are based on

preliminary data as reported by the various destinations
around the world and UNWTO estimates of still missing
data. More complete information on the first months of
2016 will be included in the next issue of the UNWTO
World Tourism Barometer scheduled for June.
Volume 14 May 2016
International Tourist Arrivals, World
[Continuation from page 1]
12
7
5
5.7
4.2 4
6.7
2.7
3.9
-4
-3
-6
-3
15*/14
3.0
6.5
4.6 4.7 4.6 4.2 4.4
1.9
0.2
-0.6
-2
-1
14*/13
6.6
0.4
-5
5.9 5.7
4.5
2.4
7.8
8 6.4
8.5
-3.9
96
/9
97 5
/9
98 6
/9
99 7
/9
00 8
/9
01 9
/0
02 0
/
03 01
/0
04 2
/03
05
/0
06 4
/05
07
/0
08 6
/07
09
/0
10 8
/0
11 9
/
12 10
*
13 /11
*/
14 12
*/
Fo
re 15 13
ca */1
st 4
20
16
10.4
10
(% change)
(% change)
-7
Long-term average
World
Europe
Asia and the Americas

Pacific
Africa
Middle East
International Tourist Arrivals by (Sub)region

Full year
Share
Change Monthly/quarterly data series

(percentage change over same period of the previous year)
2000
2005
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014 2015* 2015* 14/13 15*/14 2016*

(million)
(%)
100
2015*
2014*
(%)
YTD
Jan
Feb
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
4.2
4.4
5.1
4.7
5.6
5.5
3.7
4.8
3.6
2.7
6.3
4.7
5.4
World
674
809
950
994 1,040 1,088 1,134 1,184
Advanced economies
420
466
513
538
559
585
619
647
54.7
5.8
4.6
6.2
6.2
6.2
4.7
4.8
4.4
4.7
4.6
7.6
4.7
6.1
Emerging economies
254
343
437
456
481
503
515
536
45.3
2.3
4.2
4.1
3.3
4.9
6.3
2.3
5.4
2.5
0.9
4.7
4.6
4.7
386.6 453.2 489.4 520.6 541.1 566.8 580.2 607.6
51.3
2.4
4.7
4.2
3.8
4.7
5.8
4.4
5.5
3.6
0.6
4.7
3.6
3.6
75.6
6.4
5.3
6.8
11.3
8.3
14.4
4.2
5.5
8.0
9.2
5.7
7.8
4.6
3.0
139.7 141.7 154.4 160.4 166.2 170.8 174.4 179.7
15.2
2.1
3.1
0.4
-0.2
0.9
4.1
3.7
5.0 -0.8
-0.7
4.6
1.1
3.6
By UNWTO regions:
Europe
Northern Europe
44.8
Western Europe
Central/Eastern Eur.
95.3
62.8
64.5
65.6
67.2
70.8
98.9 108.8 118.9 127.9 120.2 127.1
10.7
-6.0
5.8
3.6
4.0
3.2
8.2
5.1
7.7
3.9
-5.3 -1.1
-0.8
0.5
132.6 156.4 173.3 186.9 190.4 201.0 214.8 225.1
19.0
6.9
4.7
5.9
5.7
6.1
6.3
4.1
4.2
5.2
5.0
7.3
7.6
6.3
- of which EU-28
330.5 367.9 384.3 404.8 417.0 433.2 454.1 477.9
40.4
4.8
5.2
5.4
4.8
6.1
5.5
5.6
5.5
4.7
2.4
6.0
4.4
5.1
110.4 154.0 205.5 218.3 233.8 249.9 264.3 278.6
23.5
5.7
5.4
8.3
8.1
8.5
4.4
5.3
5.0
5.9
6.0
6.6
4.0
6.2
9.0
Southern/Medit. Eur.
69.6
59.9
North-East Asia
58.3
85.9 111.5 115.8 122.8 127.0 136.3 142.1
12.0
7.3
4.3
8.1
8.5
7.6
4.5
4.6
1.6
6.4
5.2
8.6
6.4
South-East Asia
36.3
49.0
70.5
77.8
84.9
94.5
97.3 104.2
8.8
3.0
7.2
7.9
6.9
9.0
3.8
6.5
9.7
5.1
5.7
1.6
0.6
3.7
9.6
10.9
11.4
11.5
11.9
12.5
13.2
14.2
1.2
6.0
7.1
10.4
12.0
9.1
8.5
5.6
6.7
8.6
5.1
8.5
4.7
6.0
6.1
8.2
12.1
13.3
14.2
16.0
17.5
18.1
1.5
9.6
3.6
10.4
9.7
11.0
3.8
3.4
6.3
4.0 13.9 18.7
2.5 -0.3
128.2 133.3 150.2 155.6 162.6 167.6 181.9 191.0
16.1
8.5
5.0
6.6
5.8
7.4
7.9
4.4
4.1
4.5
6.6
Oceania
South Asia
Americas
North America
91.5
89.9
99.5 102.2 106.4 110.2 120.9 126.2
Caribbean
17.1
18.8
19.5
19.9
20.6
21.1
4.7 13.5
9.7
10.7
9.7
4.3
5.1
4.5
5.8
5.1
5.6
3.7
3.2
8.4 14.0
6.3 10.9
22.3
23.9
2.0
5.4
7.3
7.2
6.9
7.5
7.5
7.0
8.4
7.4
2.7
6.3
6.7
7.1
Central America
4.3
6.3
7.9
8.3
8.9
9.1
9.6
10.3
0.9
5.6
7.1
4.8
3.5
6.3
6.8
6.1
8.5
7.2
3.3
9.7
3.3
6.4
South America
15.3
18.3
23.2
25.2
26.8
27.2
29.1
30.7
2.6
7.1
5.4
10.3
9.0
11.8
17.6
-4.3
1.4
6.2
-4.0 19.3
9.2
8.2
Africa
26.2
34.8
50.4
50.1
52.4
54.7
54.9
53.3
4.5
0.4
-2.9
6.4
5.7
7.3
-2.0
-5.0 -3.7 -2.0
5.4
2.9
-0.2 -2.7
North Africa
10.2
13.9
19.7
18.0
19.6
20.7
20.4
18.9
1.6
-1.4
-7.7
-5.9
-7.9
-3.7
-1.6 -10.4 -9.0 -7.8
5.4
0.4
-0.9 -9.6
Subsaharan Africa
16.0
20.9
30.8
32.1
32.8
34.0
34.5
34.4
2.9
1.4
-0.1
11.7
11.3
12.2
-2.1
-1.5
0.8
0.7
5.3
4.6
0.4
22.4
33.7
54.7
49.5
50.6
49.1
52.4
53.3
4.5
6.7
1.6
-9.7
-8.9 -10.5
9.2
-4.3
4.6 -6.4
-6.5
Middle East

22
0.7
4.6 32.4 12.8
Outlook for International Tourist Arrivals

2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
World
Europe
Americas
Africa
Middle East
6.5%
3.1%
13.2%
6.3%
9.3%
13.1%
4.6%
6.4%
6.2%
3.6%
-0.7%
-9.6%
4.7%
3.9%
7.1%
4.5%
4.6%
2.2%
4.6%
4.8%
6.9%
3.1%
4.4%
-2.9%
4.2%
2.4%
5.7%
8.5%
0.4%
6.7%
4.4%
4.7%
5.4%
5.0%
-2.9%
1.6%
1.9%
0.3%
1.1%
2.7%
2.9%
20.0%
-3.9%
-5.1%
-1.6%
-4.7%
4.6%
-5.4%
average
a year
2005-2015
3.9%
3.0%
6.1%
3.7%
4.4%
4.7%
(% change over same period of the previous year)
11
12
10
10
8
6
7
4.2 4.4
8
6
projection 2016*
(issued January)
between
+3.5% and +4.5%
+3.5% and +4.5%
+4% and +5%
+4% and +5%
+2% and +5%
+2% and +5%

10
10
7 7
12
10
10
7
6
7
5
7
5
0
0
-2
-1
-4
-6
14*/13
15*/14
16*/15 January - February
-6
-8
-6
-8
-10
-10
23
Middle East
Subsaharan Africa
North Africa
South America
Central America
Caribbean
North America
South Asia
Oceania
South-East Asia
North-East Asia
Southern/Medit.
Eur.
Central/Eastern
Eur.
Western Europe
Northern Europe
-12
World
Volume 14 May 2016
Volume 14 May 2016
and a stronger housing market that help offset the drag

on net exports coming from a strong dollar and weaker
manufacturing.
The economic environment
In the euro area, low investment, high unemployment,

and weak balance sheets weigh on growth, which will
remain modest at 1.5 % in 2016.
In Japan, both growth and inflation are weaker than

expected, reflecting in particular a sharp fall in private
consumption. Growth is projected to remain at 0.5% in
2016.
Growth too slow for too long

In its April 2016 World Economic Outlook (WEO), the
International Monetary Fund (IMF) revised its baseline
projection for global growth in 2016 to 3.2%, broadly
in line with last year, though 0.2 percentage point below
its previous forecasts in January 2016. The global
recovery continues, but at sluggish, fragile and uneven
pace. Growth has weakened amid increasing financial
volatility and uncertainty. The slowdown and rebalancing in China, a further decline in commodity prices,
especially oil, a related slowdown in investment and
trade, together with continued geopolitical tensions, are
undermining growth prospects.
The recovery is expected to strengthen in 2017 to
3.5%, driven primarily by emerging market and developing economies, as conditions in stressed economies
gradually normalize. However, risks of weaker growth
scenarios are becoming more tangible.
Advanced economies
Growth of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), constant prices
(%)
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-1
'80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '06 '08 '10 '12 '14 '16 '18 '20
-2
World
-3
(%)
-4
Source: International Monetary Fund
Emerging market and developing countries

6
5
4
8
7
0
-1
'80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '06 '08 '10 '12 '14 '16 '18 '20
2
1
Moderate recovery in advanced economies
(%)
Global growth of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is

forecast at 3.2% in 2016, after 3.1% in 2015, amid a
weaker recovery and increasing financial turbulence.
Major realignments are affecting prospects differently
across countries and regions.
Growth in advanced economies is projected to remain
modest at about 2% in 2016. The recovery is hampered
by weak demand, partly held down by unresolved crisis
legacies, as well as unfavourable demographics and low
productivity growth. In the United States growth is
forecast at 2.4% in 2016, equal to 2015. Labour market
indicators continue to improve, with unemployment
declining to 4.5% by March 2016. Domestic demand
will be supported by improving government finances
24
0
'80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '06 '08 '10 '12 '14 '16 '18 '20
Uneven prospects across emerging and developing

economies
Emerging market and developing countries still account

for the lions share of projected world growth in 2016,
though prospects remain uneven across countries and
generally weaker than over the past two decades. The
WEO projects their growth rate to increase only
modestly -relative to 2015- to 4.1% in 2016.
A variety of factors explain this forecast, such as the

slowing growth in oil exporters due to low oil prices,
and a still weak outlook for non-oil commodity

exporters, including Latin America; the modest
slowdown in China (from +6.9% in 2015 to +6.5% in
2016), where growth continues to shift away from
manufacturing and investment to services and
consumption; deep recessions in Brazil and Russia
(-3.8% and -1.8% respectively in 2016), and weak
growth in some Latin American and Middle East
countries, particularly those hit hard by the oil price
decline and intensifying conflicts and security risks; and
diminished growth prospects in many African and lowincome nations due to the unfavourable global
environment.
Global economic information available from the World

Economic Outlook (WEO), a survey by the International
Monetary Fund (IMF) staff published twice a year in
spring and autumn, with occasional interim updates. It
presents IMF staff economists' analyses of global
economic developments and addresses topics of pressing
current interest.
The full April 2016 World Economic Outlook report is
available at: www.imf.org/external/ns/cs.aspx?id=29.
See full tables with GDP growth and unemployment
projections on pages 27-30 of the Statistical Annex.
GDP growth measurement, methodological note
On the positive side, India (+7.5% in 2016) remains a

bright spot, with strong growth and rising real incomes.
The ASEAN-5 economies Indonesia, Malaysia,
Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam are also
performing well. And Mexico, Central America, and the
Caribbean are beneficiaries of the US recovery and, in
most cases, lower oil prices.
IMF estimates growth rates on the basis of GDP in purchasing power

parity (PPP). This is done because the purchasing power of a US
dollar varies from one economy to another. As a US dollar usually
buys quite a lot more goods and services in emerging economies, their
GDP is more strongly weighted in the aggregate, in general resulting
in a higher overall growth rate as emerging economies tend to grow
faster. For instance, at market value the weight of the US is 23% and
of China 12% in 2013, while at PPP their weights are respectively 19%
and 15%.
World aggregated growth of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as
reported by the UN/DESA is calculated as a weighted average of
individual country GDP growth rates. World total and country groups
are calculated as a weighted average of individual country growth
rates of gross domestic product (GDP), where weights are based on
GDP in 2010 prices and exchange rates.
(US$ per barrel)
Price Crude Oil Brent

160
140
120
100
80
60
40
Trade growth to remain subdued in 2016
20
20
16
20
07
20
10
20
13
20
04
19
95
19
98
20
01
19
92
0
19
86
19
89
Volume 14 May 2016
Source: US Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration
Global growth pickup expected in 2017
Global growth is expected to pick up to 3.5% in 2017,

as conditions normalize in currently stressed emerging
market and developing economies (+4.6%), namely
Brazil, Russia, and some countries in Latin America
and in the Middle East. In advanced economies (+2%),
output is expected to remain modest and in line with
weakened potential growth.
This forecast relies on a number of other assumptions,
including the successful rebalancing of Chinas
economy, a pickup in commodity exporters, and
resilient growth in other emerging market and
developing economies.
In the current environment, the likelihood that this
central scenario will materialize has weakened, as risks
of weaker growth have become more salient.
25
According to the World Trade Organization (WTO),

global trade is expected to remain subdued in 2016 at
2.8%, as uncertainties weigh on global demand.
Imports in advanced economies could moderate this
year while demand is expected to pick up in developing
Asian economies. In 2017 trade growth is forecast to
accelerate to 3.6%.
World trade expected to remain sluggish in 2016
Growth in world merchandise trade is expected to

remain sluggish in 2016 at 2.8%, unchanged from the
2.8% increase in 2015.
Exports grew more moderately in advanced economies

(2.6%) than in developing countries (3.3%) in 2015.
By contrast, imports surged in advanced economies

(4.5%), while they stagnated in developing countries
(0.2%).
South America recorded the weakest import growth of

any region in 2015, as the severe recession in Brazil
depressed demand.
Although trade volumes increased 2.8% in 2015, their

value in US dollar terms dropped 13% because of
Volume 14 May 2016
shifting exchange rates and the decrease in commodity

prices. World trade decreased from US$ 19 trillion in
2014, to US$ 16.5 trillion in 2015.
This phenomenon is similar to international tourism,

which increased 4.4% in terms of arrivals in 2015, but
dropped in terms of receipts in nominal US dollar
terms.
In 2016 imports are expected to moderate in advanced
economies, at 3.3% (after 4.5% in 2015) and pick up
slowly in developing economies (1.8%), especially in
Asia (3.2%). North America is still projected to see the
highest growth in imports this year (4.1%).
Exports from advanced and developing economies

should increase at a similar rate of 2.9% and 2.8%
respectively, with Asia expected to grow by 3.4%, the
highest increase by region.
In 2017 trade growth is forecast to accelerate to 3.6%, a

significant improvement from recent years, though still
below the average of 5.0% since 1990. Risks to the
forecast are tilted to the downside, including further
slowing in emerging economies and financial volatility.
More information on world trade trends is available from

the comprehensive 18 page World Trade Organization
April 2016 Trade Statistics and Outlook news release at:
www.wto.org/english/news_e/pres16_e/pr768_e.htm.
Merchandise trade volume and real GDP, 2012-2017 (% change)
Figures for 2016 and 2017 are projections.

b Other regions comprise Africa, Commonwealth of Independent States and Middle East.
Sources: WTO Secretariat for trade, consensus estimates for GDP
26
Volume 14 May 2016
See further:
http://affiliatemembers.unwto.org/publications
27
See further:
http://affiliatemembers.unwto.org/publications

The UNWTO World Tourism Barometer and accompanying
Statistical Annex provides tourism stakeholders with up-todate statistics and analysis in a timely fashion. The
information is updated six times a year, covering short-term
tourism trends, a retrospective and prospective evaluation
by the UNWTO Panel of Experts of current tourism
performance, and a summary of economic data relevant for
tourism.
Available in English, with the Statistical Annex also in
French, Spanish and Russian.
Tourism in the Mediterranean,

2015 edition
The new UNWTO Tourism Trends Snapshot provides a
closer look at a selected tourism topic with each edition.
The first edition Tourism in the Mediterranean, 2015
edition provides insight into the general trends in arrivals
and receipts in the Mediterranean region, the performance
of the individual destinations, the long-term trends until
2030 as well as the opportunities and challenges.
Outbound Travel Market studies:

Key Outbound Tourism Markets in South-East Asia
The Indian Outbound Travel Market
The Russian Outbound Travel Market
The Middle East Outbound Travel Market
The Chinese Outbound Travel Market
The outbound travel market series offers a unique insight
into trends and travel behaviour in fast-growing source
markets in the world. UNWTO jointly with the European
Travel Commission (ETC) have covered the key outbound
markets of China, Brazil, the Russian Federation, India and
the Middle East, and with Tourism Australia key South-East
Asian markets Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand
and Vietnam.
Available in English.
Understanding Russian Outbound Tourism

Understanding Brazilian Outbound Tourism
Understanding Chinese Outbound Tourism
The innovative UNWTO/ETC Understanding Outbound

Tourism netnographic series explores the behaviour and
mind-set of outbound travellers based on internet and social
media activity.
Tourism Towards 2030
UNWTO Tourism Towards 2030 is UNWTOs long-term

outlook and assessment of future tourism trends from 2010
to 2030. It is a broad research project building on UNWTOs
on-going work in the field of long-term forecasting, initiated
in the 1990s. Key outputs of the study are quantitative
projections for international tourism flows up until 2030,
based on data series on international tourist arrivals by
subregion of destination, region of origin and mode of
transport for the period 1980-2010. Available in English.
Marketing Handbooks:
E-Marketing for Tourism Destinations
Tourism Product Development
Tourism Destination Branding
These series cover crucial topics on tourism development
providing tools and fresh insight for tourism destinations.
E-Marketing for Tourism Destination outlines all necessary
aspects of an e-marketing strategy, practical information on
latest trends and developments in mobile marketing and
social media. Tourism Product Development covers the
essential elements in the process of tourism product
development planning and implementation with a range of
successful approaches and case studies. Tourism
Destination Branding presents a step-by-step guide to the
branding process, accompanied by strategies for brand
management illustrating case studies and best practices.
UNWTO/GTERC Asia Tourism Trends

This second edition includes an analysis of the recent
tourism trends of Asia, with emphasis on international
tourist arrivals and receipts as well as outbound tourism
and expenditure. It also includes an analysis of the links
between Asian and Latin American markets The report also
elaborates on city tourism, including selected case studies
and a section on Macao's tourism product diversification.
The Decision-making Process of

Meetings, Congresses, Conventions and
Incentives Organizers
This ETC/UNWTO study aims at providing a better
understanding of the Meetings Industry and the way
meeting and event organizers make decisions. Aimed at
DMOs, NTOs and NTAs, the study offers wide-ranging
overview of the MCCI segments as well as a
comprehensive analysis of planners needs and
expectations with respect to destination and venues choice.
It also includes several best-practice examples of National
Convention Bureaux. Available in English.
Compendium of Tourism Statistics,

2016 Edition. Data 20102014
The Compendium provides statistical data and indicators on
inbound, outbound and domestic tourism, as well as on
tourism industries, employment and macroeconomic
indicators related to international tourism. The 2016 edition
presents data for 200 countries with methodological notes
in English, French and Spanish.
Yearbook of Tourism Statistics,

Deriving from the most comprehensive statistical database
available on the tourism sector, the Yearbook of Tourism
Statistics focuses on data related to inbound tourism (total
arrivals and overnight stays), broken down by country of
origin. The 2016 edition presents data for 196 countries
with methodological notes in English, French and Spanish.
The easy way to obtain UNWTO publications in print

or electronic format and download full catalogue:
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Volume 14 May 2016 Statistical Annex

..
Contents
Statistical Annex
The following pages contain detailed tables on tourism
related indicators such as international tourist arrivals,
international tourism receipts and expenditure collected by
UNWTO from national institutions, as well as data on
air transport.
Tables reflect yearly data and monthly or quarterly data
currently available. Most data is preliminary and may be
subject to revision. See the boxes for further information on
the data.
The tables on the following pages are not included in the
free extract of the UNWTO World Tourism Barometer. The
full document is available in electronic format for sale and
free for UNWTO members and subscribed institutions
through the UNWTO elibrary at:
English version: www.e-unwto.org/content/w83v37
French version: www.e-unwto.org/content/t73863
Spanish version: www.e-unwto.org/content/rn1422
Russian version: www.e-unwto.org/content/j62835
International Tourist Arrivals by (Sub)region and Outlook

International Tourist Arrivals and Tourism Receipts
International Tourism in the Balance of Payments
Export earnings by category
International Tourist Arrivals by Country of Destination (Top 50)
International Tourism Receipts in US$ (Top 50)
International Tourism Receipts in euro (Top 50)
International Tourism Expenditure in US$ (Top 50)
International Tourism Expenditure in euro (Top 50)
Countries by major surplus on the travel balance
Detailed tables by UNWTO regions and subregions:
International Tourist Arrivals and Tourism Receipts
- Europe
- Asia and the Pacific
- Americas
- Africa
- Middle East
IATA air passenger market detail, 2015
System-wide global commercial airlines
A-3
A-5
A-7
A-8
A-9
A-10
A-11
A-12
A-13
Overview of the economic growth projections by IMF

Overview of the unemployment projections by IMF
A-27
A-29
Exchange rates
A-14
A-16
A-18
A-20
A-22
A-24
A-25
A-25
A-31
Explanation of abbreviations and signs used

*
..
= provisional figure or data

= figure or data not (yet) available
| = change of series
n/a = not applicable
mn = million (1,000,000)
bn = billion (1,000,000,000) [note in Spanish miles de millones]
trn = trillion (1,000,000,000,000) [note in Spanish billones]
Q1: January, February, March
Q2: April, May, June
Q3: July, August, September
Q4: October, November, December
T1: From January to April

T2: From May to August
T3: From September to December
H1: From January to June
H2: From July to December
YTD: Year to date, variation of months with data available compared with the
same period of the previous year. The (sub)regional totals are approximations
for the whole (sub)region based on trends for the countries with data available.
Series International Tourist Arrivals
TF: International tourist arrivals at frontiers (excluding same-day visitors);
VF: International visitor arrivals at frontiers (tourists and same-day visitors);
THS: International tourist arrivals at hotels and similar establishments;
TCE: International tourist arrivals at collective tourism establishments;
NHS: Nights of international tourists in hotels and similar establishments;
NCE: Nights of international tourists in collective tourism establishments.
Series International Tourism Receipts and Expenditure
All percentages are derived from non-seasonally adjusted series in local
currencies, unless otherwise indicated: $: US$; : euro; sa: seasonally adjusted
series.
For main concepts, definitions and classifications for the measurement of
tourism, please see the International Recommendations for Tourism Statistics
2008 (IRTS 2008) at <statistics.unwto.org/content/irts-2008>.
Annex1
The UNWTO World Tourism Barometer is a publication of the

World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). By monitoring short-term
tourism trends on a regular basis, UNWTO aims to provide all
those involved, directly or indirectly, in tourism with adequate upto-date statistics and analysis in a timely fashion.
The UNWTO World Tourism Barometer is periodically
updated. Issues contain as regular sections: an overview of
short-term tourism data from destinations, generating countries
and air transport; the results of the latest survey among the
UNWTO Panel of Tourism Experts, providing an evaluation of
and prospects for short-term tourism performance; and selected
economic data relevant for tourism. The objective for future
editions of the UNWTO World Tourism Barometer will be to
broaden its scope and improve coverage gradually over time.
The UNWTO World Tourism Barometer is prepared by
UNWTOs Tourism Market Trends Programme. The UNWTO
Secretariat wishes to express its sincere gratitude to all those
who have participated in the elaboration of the UNWTO World
Tourism Barometer, in particular all institutions that supplied data,
and to the members of the UNWTO Panel of Tourism Experts for
their valuable contributions.
For more information on the UNWTO World Tourism
Barometer, including copies of previous issues, please refer to
the Facts & Figures section on the UNWTO website at
www.unwto.org/facts/menu.html.
We welcome your comments and suggestions at
barom@unwto.org, tel +34 915679319 / fax +34 915678217.
The monthly or quarterly statistics included in this issue have been
compiled by the UNWTO Secretariat based on preliminary data as
disseminated by the institutions (e.g. National Tourism Authorities,
Statistics Offices, Central Banks) of the various countries and
territories through websites, news releases, and bulletins, or
provided through direct contacts with officials or through
international organisations such as the Caribbean Tourism
Organization (CTO), the European Travel Commission (ETC),
Eurostat, the Pacific Asia Travel Association (PATA) or the South
Pacific Tourism Organization (SPTO). Information in this issue
reflects data available at the time of preparing the UNWTO World
Tourism Barometer. Whenever necessary, updated data will be
included over time as it becomes available and without further
notice.
In the tables on International Tourist Arrivals for the various
UNWTO regions, series are chosen that can serve as an indicator of
trends in tourism development to selected destinations. The monthly
series represented do not coincide in all cases with the annual
series usually reported for the various countries (e.g. visitor arrivals
or nights instead of tourist arrivals) and sometimes only relate to a
part of the total tourism flow (e.g. air traffic, specific entry points).
Please refer to the box on page Annex-1 for further explanations.
The (sub)regional totals are approximations for the whole
(sub)region prepared by UNWTO based on trends in the countries
with data available.
Countries that are not included in this overview, but which have
monthly data at their disposal, are kindly requested to contact
the UNWTO Secretariat at barom@unwto.org.
Annex2
The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) is the United

Nations specialized agency mandated with the promotion of
responsible, sustainable and universally accessible tourism.
UNWTOs membership includes 157 countries, six Associate Members, two Permanent Observers, and over 480 Affiliate
Members representing the private sector, educational institutions,
tourism associations and local tourism authorities.
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Data collection for this issue was closed end of April 2016.
The next issue of the UNWTO World Tourism Barometer is
scheduled to be published in June.

International Tourist Arrivals by (Sub)region
Full year
Share
Change Monthly/quarterly data series

(percentage change over same period of the previous year)
2000
2005
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014 2015* 2015* 14/13 15*/14 2016*
(million)
(%)
(%)
YTD
2015*
Jan
Feb
Q1
2014*
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
World
674
809
950
994 1,040 1,088 1,134 1,184
100
4.2
4.4
5.1
4.7
5.6
5.5
3.7
4.8
3.6
2.7
6.3
4.7
5.4
Advanced economies
420
466
513
538
559
585
619
647
54.7
5.8
4.6
6.2
6.2
6.2
4.7
4.8
4.4
4.7
4.6
7.6
4.7
6.1
Emerging economies
254
343
437
456
481
503
515
536
45.3
2.3
4.2
4.1
3.3
4.9
6.3
2.3
5.4
2.5
0.9
4.7
4.6
4.7
386.6 453.2 489.4 520.6 541.1 566.8 580.2 607.6
By UNWTO regions:
Europe
Northern Europe
Western Europe
51.3
2.4
4.7
4.2
3.8
4.7
5.8
4.4
5.5
3.6
0.6
4.7
3.6
3.6
75.6
6.4
5.3
6.8
11.3
8.3
14.4
4.2
5.5
8.0
9.2
5.7
7.8
4.6
3.0
139.7 141.7 154.4 160.4 166.2 170.8 174.4 179.7
44.8
59.9
62.8
64.5
65.6
67.2
70.8
15.2
2.1
3.1
0.4
-0.2
0.9
4.1
3.7
5.0 -0.8
-0.7
4.6
1.1
3.6
98.9 108.8 118.9 127.9 120.2 127.1
10.7
-6.0
5.8
3.6
4.0
3.2
8.2
5.1
7.7
3.9
-5.3 -1.1
-0.8
0.5
132.6 156.4 173.3 186.9 190.4 201.0 214.8 225.1
19.0
6.9
4.7
5.9
5.7
6.1
6.3
4.1
4.2
5.2
5.0
7.3
7.6
6.3
- of which EU-28
330.5 367.9 384.3 404.8 417.0 433.2 454.1 477.9
40.4
4.8
5.2
5.4
4.8
6.1
5.5
5.6
5.5
4.7
2.4
6.0
4.4
5.1
110.4 154.0 205.5 218.3 233.8 249.9 264.3 278.6
23.5
5.7
5.4
8.3
8.1
8.5
4.4
5.3
5.0
5.9
6.0
6.6
4.0
6.2
12.0
7.3
4.3
8.1
8.5
7.6
4.5
4.6
1.6
6.4
5.2
8.6
6.4
9.0
97.3 104.2
8.8
3.0
7.2
7.9
6.9
9.0
3.8
6.5
9.7
5.1
5.7
1.6
0.6
3.7
5.1
8.5
4.7
6.0
69.6
95.3
North-East Asia
58.3
85.9 111.5 115.8 122.8 127.0 136.3 142.1
South-East Asia
36.3
49.0
70.5
77.8
84.9
Oceania
9.6
10.9
11.4
11.5
11.9
12.5
13.2
14.2
1.2
6.0
7.1
10.4
12.0
9.1
8.5
5.6
6.7
8.6
South Asia
6.1
8.2
12.1
13.3
14.2
16.0
17.5
18.1
1.5
9.6
3.6
10.4
9.7
11.0
3.8
3.4
6.3
4.0
13.9 18.7
2.5 -0.3
128.2 133.3 150.2 155.6 162.6 167.6 181.9 191.0
16.1
8.5
5.0
6.6
5.8
7.4
7.9
4.4
4.1
4.5
4.7 13.5
6.6
10.7
9.7
4.3
5.1
4.5
5.8
5.1
5.6
3.7
3.2
8.4 14.0
6.3 10.9
Americas
94.5
North America
91.5
89.9
99.5 102.2 106.4 110.2 120.9 126.2
Caribbean
9.7
17.1
18.8
19.5
19.9
20.6
21.1
22.3
23.9
2.0
5.4
7.3
7.2
6.9
7.5
7.5
7.0
8.4
7.4
2.7
6.3
6.7
7.1
Central America
4.3
6.3
7.9
8.3
8.9
9.1
9.6
10.3
0.9
5.6
7.1
4.8
3.5
6.3
6.8
6.1
8.5
7.2
3.3
9.7
3.3
6.4
South America
15.3
18.3
23.2
25.2
26.8
27.2
29.1
30.7
2.6
7.1
5.4
10.3
9.0
11.8
17.6
-4.3
1.4
6.2
-4.0 19.3
9.2
8.2
Africa
26.2
34.8
50.4
50.1
52.4
54.7
54.9
53.3
4.5
0.4
-2.9
6.4
5.7
7.3
-2.0
-5.0 -3.7 -2.0
5.4
2.9
-0.2 -2.7
North Africa
10.2
13.9
19.7
18.0
19.6
20.7
20.4
18.9
1.6
-1.4
-7.7
-5.9
-7.9
-3.7
-1.6 -10.4 -9.0 -7.8
5.4
0.4
-0.9 -9.6
Subsaharan Africa
16.0
20.9
30.8
32.1
32.8
34.0
34.5
34.4
2.9
1.4
-0.1
11.7
11.3
12.2
-2.1
-1.5
0.7
5.3
4.6
0.4
22.4
33.7
54.7
49.5
50.6
49.1
52.4
53.3
4.5
6.7
1.6
-9.7
-8.9 -10.5
9.2
-4.3
4.6 -6.4
-6.5
Middle East
0.8
0.7
4.6 32.4 12.8
Outlook for International Tourist Arrivals

2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
World
Europe
Americas
Africa
Middle East
6.5%
3.1%
13.2%
6.3%
9.3%
13.1%
4.6%
6.4%
6.2%
3.6%
-0.7%
-9.6%
4.7%
3.9%
7.1%
4.5%
4.6%
2.2%
4.6%
4.8%
6.9%
3.1%
4.4%
-2.9%
4.2%
2.4%
5.7%
8.5%
0.4%
6.7%
4.4%
4.7%
5.4%
5.0%
-2.9%
1.6%
1.9%
0.3%
1.1%
2.7%
2.9%
20.0%
Annex3
-3.9%
-5.1%
-1.6%
-4.7%
4.6%
-5.4%
average
a year
2005-2015
3.9%
3.0%
6.1%
3.7%
4.4%
4.7%
projection 2016*
(issued January)
between
+3.5% and +4.5%
+3.5% and +4.5%
+4% and +5%
+4% and +5%
+2% and +5%
+2% and +5%
(% change over same period of the previous year)
11
12
10
10
8
4.2 4.4
6
5
7 7
5
12
10
10
7
6
7
5
0
0
-2
-1
-4
-6
14*/13
15*/14
16*/15 January - February
-6
-8
-6
-8
-10
Middle East
Subsaharan Africa
North Africa
South America
Central America
Caribbean
North America
South Asia
South-East Asia
North-East Asia
Southern/Medit.
Eur.
Central/Eastern
Eur.
Western Europe
Northern Europe
World
Oceania
-10
-12

World
(million)
140

World
(% change)
15
2012
130
2013
120
10
2014
110
2015
100
2016*
90
80
-5
70
-10
60
50
-15
10
11
12
12
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016*
(% change)
7.8
8 6.4
4
2010
10.4
10
6
2009
International Tourist Arrivals, World
5.9 5.7
4.5
2.7
3.9
3.0
6.6
UNWTO Panel of Tourism Experts
6.5
175
4.6 4.7 4.6 4.2 4.4
Better
1.9
0.2
-0.6
-2
-4
Equal
-6
Long-term average
100
75
-3.9
Annex4
150
125
96
/9
97 5
/9
98 6
/97
99
/9
00 8
/9
01 9
/0
02 0
/
03 01
/0
04 2
/03
05
/0
06 4
/05
07
/0
08 6
/07
09
/0
10 8
/0
11 9
/
12 10
*
13 /11
*/1
14 2
*/
Fo
re 15 13
ca */1
st 4
20
16
10
10
Worse
Prospects (before)
50
25
Evaluation (after)
t1 t2t3t1t2t3t1t2t3t1 t2t3t1t2t3t1 t2t3t1t2t3t1t2t3t1 t2t3t1t2t3t1 t2t3t1t2t3t1t2t3t1t2t3
'03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08 '09 '10 '11 '12 '13 '14 '15 '16
International Tourism, World

1990 2000 2005 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015* 09/08 10/09 11/10 12/11 13/12 14/1315*/14 09/08 10/09 11/10 12/11 13/12 14/1315*/14
International Tourist Arrivals (overnight visitors) (million)
Change (%)
435 674 809 928 892 950 994 1,040 1,088 1,134 1,184
Index (2008=100)
100
96 102 107 112
117 122
-3.9
Change, current prices (%)
Local currencies
100
4.6
4.7
4.6
4.2
4.4
128
International Tourism Receipts (billion)
Index (2008=100, real terms)
6.5
Change, constant prices (%)
-3.2
8.5 8.6
7.4
8.0
6.5
4.6
-4.6
5.4
4.5
4.1
5.4
4.2
3.6
8.9 12.0
3.8
7.9
4.7 -4.8
-8.0
7.2
8.6
1.6
6.3
3.1 -5.0
6.7 12.4
4.3
4.7 13.9
-3.6 12.8
3.8
9.7
3.0
4.3 13.9
95 101 105 109 115 120 124
US$
271 495 706 987 905 986 1,104 1,146 1,236 1,295 1,232
-8.3
Euro
213 536 567 671 649 744 793 892
-3.3 14.6
931 975 1,110
International Tourism by (Sub)region

Change US$
euro
Local currencies,
per
constant prices (%)

13/12 14/13 15*/14
Share
abs.
Change
Share
(million)
(%)
(%)
13/12 14/13 15*/14
2015*
per
(billion)
arrival
(billion)
arrival
(%)
2014
2015*
2015*
2014 2015*
2015*
2015*
2014
2015*
World
5.4
4.2
3.6
1,295
1,232
1,040
975
1,110
940
100
1,134
1,184
4.6
4.2
4.4
100
Advanced economies
5.3
3.5
1.2
810
741
1,140
610
668
1,030
60.2
619
647
4.6
5.8
4.6
54.7
Emerging economies
5.4
5.5
6.9
484
491
920
364
442
820
39.8
515
536
4.6
2.3
4.2
45.3
Europe
4.1
4.1
2.6
512.9
448.1
740
386.1
403.9
660
36.4
580.2
607.6
4.8
2.4
4.7
51.3
Northern Europe
7.5
6.3
3.6
82.6
75.4
1,000
62.2
68.0
900
6.1
70.8
75.6
2.4
5.3
6.8
6.4
Western Europe
2.2
2.8
0.2
173.0
146.4
810
130.2
131.9
730
11.9
174.4
179.7
2.8
2.1
3.1
15.2
Central/Eastern Europe
3.5
-0.9
-0.2
58.2
50.3
400
43.8
45.4
360
4.1
120.2
127.1
7.5
-6.0
5.8
10.7
Southern/Medit. Europe
4.7
6.1
5.2
199.2
176.0
780
149.9
158.6
700
14.3
214.8
225.1
5.6
6.9
4.7
19.0
- of which EU-28
3.8
4.4
2.9
426.7
370.6
780
321.2
334.0
700
30.1
454.1
477.9
3.9
4.8
5.2
40.4
9.0
4.9
4.0
420.1
418.9
1,500
316.2
377.6
1,360
34.0
264.3
278.6
6.9
5.7
5.4
23.5
North-East Asia
9.9
5.4
0.4
238.0
236.3
1,660
179.1
213.0
1,500
19.2
136.3
142.1
3.4
7.3
4.3
12.0
South-East Asia
10.5
2.0
8.2
108.1
108.8
1,040
81.4
98.1
940
8.8
97.3
104.2
11.3
3.0
7.2
8.8
Oceania
2.0
7.2
10.4
44.6
42.3
2,980
33.6
38.1
2,690
3.4
13.2
14.2
4.6
6.0
7.1
1.2
South Asia
8.8
8.4
7.4
29.4
31.5
1,740
22.1
28.4
1,570
2.6
17.5
18.1
12.1
9.6
3.6
1.5
Americas
4.9
3.0
3.7
274.0
277.2
1,450
206.3
249.9
1,310
22.5
181.9
191.0
3.1
8.5
5.0
16.1
North America
5.1
2.2
2.7
210.9
211.8
1,680
158.7
190.9
1,510
17.2
120.9
126.2
3.6
9.7
4.3
10.7
Caribbean
3.8
5.0
6.7
26.8
28.4
1,190
20.2
25.6
1,070
2.3
22.3
23.9
2.8
5.4
7.3
2.0
Central America
7.6
7.5
6.9
10.6
11.5
1,120
8.0
10.3
1,010
0.9
9.6
10.3
2.6
5.6
7.1
0.9
South America
3.3
6.2
6.9
25.7
25.6
830
19.4
23.0
750
2.1
29.1
30.7
1.4
7.1
5.4
2.6
2.3
2.3
2.4
36.2
33.2
620
27.2
29.9
560
2.7
54.9
53.3
4.4
0.4
-2.9
4.5
North Africa
-2.1
5.2
-9.8
10.6
8.6
450
8.0
7.7
410
0.7
20.4
18.9
5.8
-1.4
-7.7
1.6
Subsaharan Africa
4.0
1.1
7.5
25.5
24.6
720
19.2
22.2
640
2.0
34.5
34.4
3.6
1.4
-0.1
2.9
-4.9
7.3
4.3
51.5
54.6
1,020
38.8
49.2
920
4.4
52.4
53.3
-2.9
6.7
1.6
4.5
Africa
Middle East

Annex5
World
Change over previous year (%)
12
Arrivals
Receipts
6
3
0
-3
-6
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
(% change 2014//2013)
10
8
6
4
2
0
-2
Middle East
Subsaharan
Africa
North Africa
South America
Central
America
Caribbean
North America
South Asia
South-East
Asia
North-East Asia
Southern/Medit.
Europe
Central/Eastern
Europe
Western
Europe
Northern
Europe
Oceania
-4
-6
World

World
(US$ billion)
3,500
Fuels
3,000
Chemicals
Food
2,500
Automotive products
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
1995
2000
2005
Annex6
2010
2015

Advanced Economies
(US$ billion)

Emerging Economies
(US$ billion)
2,250
2,250
2,000
Chemicals
2,000
Fuels
1,750
Fuels
1,500
Automotive products
Textiles & Clothing
1,500
Food
1,250
Food
1,750
Chemicals
1,250
1,000
1,000
750
750
500
500
250
250
Other mining products
0
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
International tourism in the Balance of Payments (BOP)
2005
2010
2011
2012
2013
13,084
10,412
2,672
837
706
131
19,120
15,167
3,953
1,159
986
173
22,597
18,167
4,430
1,303
1,104
199
22,791
18,261
4,530
1,354
1,146
208
23,492
18,685
4,807
1,456
1,236
220
US$ billion
Market share (%)
2014 2015
2005 2010 2014 2015
World
Total export of goods and services
Goods
Services
International Tourism (BOP Travel & Passenger transport)
- International Tourism Receipts
- International Passenger Transport
23,821
18,753
5,068
1,525
1,295
230
21,019
16,272
4,747
1,442
1,232
210
100
79.6
20.4
6.4
5.4
1.0
100
79.3
20.7
6.1
5.2
0.9
100 100
78.7 77.4
21.3 22.6
6.4 6.9
5.4 5.9
1.0 1.0
7,967 12,215 14,101 14,035 14,521 14,943 13,415

7,148 9,410 10,952 10,817 11,099 11,132 9,882
820 2,805 3,149 3,218 3,421 3,811 3,533
575 746 846 864 925 967 879
477 620 704 719 776 810 741
98 125 143 145 149 157 138
100
89.7
10.3
7.2
6.0
1.2
100
77.0
23.0
6.1
5.1
1.0
100 100
74.5 73.7
25.5 26.3
6.5 6.6
5.4 5.5
1.0 1.0
5,117 6,905 8,496 8,756 8,971 8,879 7,603

3,264 5,757 7,215 7,444 7,586 7,621 6,390
1,853 1,148 1,281 1,312 1,385 1,258 1,213
261 413 457 490 531 558 563
229 366 401 427 460 484 491
33
47
56
63
71
74
72
100
63.8
36.2
5.1
4.5
0.6
100
83.4
16.6
6.0
5.3
0.7
100 100
85.8 84.0
14.2 16.0
6.3 7.4
5.5 6.5
0.8 0.9
Advanced Economies
Goods
Services
Emerging Economies
Goods
Services
Annex7
Export earnings by category

US$ billion
Rank
1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015*
World
1 Fuels
2 Chemicals
3 International Tourism (BOP Travel & Passenger transport)
4 Food
5 Automotive products
6 Textiles and clothing
7 Mining products other than fuels
8 Transport equipment other than automotive products
9 Telecommunications equipment
10 Computer and office equipment
11 Integrated circuits and electronic components
12 Iron and steel
376
486
498
415
83
453
459
311
169
..
..
..
..
155
660 1,457 2,352 3,218 3,385 3,290 3,068

..
586 1,105 1,708 2,002 1,959 1,994 2,054
..
592 837 1,159 1,303 1,354 1,456 1,525 1,442
495 706 986 1,104 1,146 1,236 1,295 1,232
97 131 173 199 208 220 230 210
431 686 1,125 1,361 1,371 1,452 1,486
..
576 921 1,092 1,283 1,301 1,346 1,395
..
353 482 607 713 703 764 797
..
194 357 677 852 760 733 720
..
256 395 595 679 669 685 713
..
286 460 583 635 640 672 700
..
371 467 546 554 555 542 552
..
307 345 484 494 486 537 542
..
143 316 424 528 485 449 472
..
437
129
430
380
311
69
319
..
..
67
..
..
516
222
517
435
357
78
296
227
265
119
237
308
947 1,376 1,567 1,522 1,555 1,589

466 762 1,042 1,091 1,081 1,029
795 872 1,020 1,021 1,040 1,074
575 746 846 864 925 967
477 620 704 719 776 810
98 125 143 145 149 157
440 654 768 770 817 840
325 457 509 506 521 550
296 420 423 408 428 447
203 371 470 417 405 396
331 342 368 363 372 379
325 300 311 302 295 296
..
..
..
879
741
138
..
..
..
..
..
..
247
133
118
104
14
94
49
102
29
..
..
36
438
135
158
138
19
137
71
76
60
49
63
38
992 1,591 2,175 2,293 2,209 2,039

246 471 592 601 635 646
261 413 457 490 531 558
229 366 401 427 460 484
33
47
56
63
71
74
234 358 434 442 493 520
158 331 435 437 439 465
153 306 382 343 328 324
125 220 263 280 306 321
129 241 267 277 300 321
143 246 243 252 248 256
106 157 203 192 177 197
..
..
563
491
72
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Advanced Economies
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Chemicals
Fuels
Automotive products
Food
Transport equipment other than automotive products
Integrated circuits and electronic components
Mining products other than fuels
Telecommunications equipment
Computer and office equipment
Emerging Economies
1 Fuels
2 Food
3 International Tourism (BOP Travel & Passenger transport)
4 Textiles and clothing
5 Chemicals
6 Mining products other than fuels
7 Automotive products
8 Telecommunications equipment
9 Computer and office equipment
10 Iron and steel
Annex8

International Tourist Arrivals by Country of Destination
Full year
Rank
Change Monthly/quarterly data (% change over same period of the previous year)
Series 2005 2010 2013 2014 2015* 14*/13 15*/14 Series 2016*
'15 '14
(million)
809
World
950 1088 1134 1184
YTD
4.2
4.4
5.1
4.7
-8.0
-8.0
1 1 France
TF
75.0 77.6
83.6
83.7
84.5
0.1
0.9
TCE
2 2 United States
TF
49.2 60.0
70.0
75.0
..
7.2
..
TF
3 3 Spain
TF
55.9 52.7
60.7
64.9
68.2
7.0
5.0
TF
4 4 China
TF
46.8 55.7
55.7
55.6
56.9
-0.1
2.3
TF
Q1 Jan
Feb
Mar
5.6
13.9 13.9 11.2 13.7 16.1

4.7
5 5 Italy
TF
36.5 43.6
47.7
48.6
50.7
1.8
4.4
TF
5.7
6 6 Turkey
TF
24.2 31.4
37.8
39.8
..
5.3
..
TF
-9.9
7 7 Germany
2015*
(%)
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
5.5
3.7
4.8
3.6
2.7
6.3
4.7
5.4
2.9
2.4
3.3
-5.1
-2.7
2.0
-0.5
1.6
3.9
4.0
5.6 11.7
4.7
5.8
4.7
3.6
3.4
9.4
7.2
7.3
7.4
5.0
9.6
2.1
4.1
1.6
1.3
-5.7
0.8
1.2
3.0
4.0
6.6
2.0
6.1
0.5
2.3
0.3
5.3
-5.7
-9.8 -12.8
4.0
-5.1
0.8
-2.6
4.1
6.4
8.6
4.4
0.8
5.7
-9.9
2014*
Q1
TCE
21.5 26.9
31.5
33.0
35.0
4.6
6.0
TCE
5.2
4.9
5.4
5.4
5.8
6.6
5.6
3.9
5.8
4.0
4.9
8 8 United Kingdom
TF
28.0 28.3
31.1
32.6
..
5.0
..
VF
7.2
6.2
8.3
1.0
4.7
4.7
5.2
7.5
7.0
4.0
2.6
9 10 Mexico
TF
21.9 23.3
24.2
29.3
32.1
21.5
9.5
TF
10.8
10.9 10.7
7.0
8.2 12.8 10.3
19.1 26.8 13.7 26.6
10 9 Russian Federation
TF
19.9 20.3
28.4
29.8
31.3
5.3
5.0
VF
2.2
11 14 Thailand
TF
11.6 15.9
26.5
24.8
29.9
-6.5 20.4
TF
15.5 15.5 15.0 16.0 15.4
12 13 Austria
TCE
20.0 22.0
24.8
25.3
26.7
1.9
5.6
TCE
10.2 10.2
4.7
13 11 Hong Kong (China)
TF
14.8 20.1
25.7
27.8
26.7
8.2
-3.9
TF
-8.9
-3.5 -14.2
14 12 Malaysia
TF
16.4 24.6
25.7
27.4
25.7
6.7
-6.3
TF
15 15 Greece
TF
14.8 15.0
17.9
22.0
23.6
23.0
7.1
TF
-11.0
16 22 Japan
VF
10.4
13.4
19.7
29.4 47.1
VF
39.3 39.3 52.0 36.4 31.7
17 16 Saudi Arabia
TF
8.0 10.9
15.8
18.3
18.0
15.8
-1.5
TF
-2.7
13.4 -15.3
18 17 Canada
TF
18.8 16.2
16.1
16.5
17.8
3.0
7.5
TF
13.5
19 18 Poland
TF
15.2 12.5
15.8
16.0
16.7
1.3
4.6
TF
20 21 Netherlands
TCE
10.0 10.9
12.8
13.9
15.0
9.0
7.8
TCE
21 24 Hungary
TF
10.0
9.5
10.6
12.1
14.3
14.3 17.9
TF
6.7
8.6
16.0
5.8 21.7
-7.8 -14.9
-2.7
-1.1
-1.7
-6.2
10.3 16.5
13.2
13.2
3.3
-3.1
-0.7
8.1
9.0
22.8 36.9 24.9
3.7
-9.0 -15.9 -10.0
7.3
4.5
5.4
5.2
9.9
-0.9
-4.8 11.5
1.4
-3.5
-4.1
-6.7
-1.1
13.5
7.5
6.8
5.6
-8.6 -10.3
-3.8
-2.3
10.0 11.1
8.6
-1.9
45.6 15.0
2.6
-2.1
16.0 15.5 25.8 27.7
43.7 48.0 53.7 42.8
27.5 25.4 25.3 39.6
0.8
-3.8
-4.3 21.0 53.0
7.1
7.0
8.3
7.2
7.5
-4.6
4.5
3.6
5.3
3.3
5.9
5.4
3.2
3.6
5.4
-4.5
2.6
6.8
6.8
8.7
8.4
8.7 11.6
7.6
7.5
14.0 20.2 21.0 14.3

9.0
9.0
3.7
22 19 Macao (China)
TF
9.0 11.9
14.3
14.6
14.3
2.1
-1.8
TF
5.3
7.9 14.1
-9.8
-3.4
0.1
5.9
23 20 Korea (ROK)
VF
6.0
8.8
12.2
14.2
13.2
16.6
-6.8
VF
12.1 12.1 17.5
7.2 12.2
12.1
-7.8 -28.3
3.7
24 26 Croatia
TCE
7.7
9.1
10.9
11.6
12.7
6.2
9.1
TCE
17.0
8.1 24.3
24.4
6.8 10.1
3.0
25 23 Ukraine
TF
17.6 21.2
24.7
12.7
12.4
-48.5
-2.2
TF
12.3
12.7 11.9
10.9
4.9
5.2 21.3 17.1

1.9
10.9 27.6
0.9
0.8
9.0 20.4
0.2
9.2
4.3 15.5
26 25 Singapore
TF
7.1
9.2
11.9
11.9
12.1
-0.3
1.6
VF
-6.1
-0.5
5.8
4.5
0.0
-5.6
-5.1
27 27 Czech Republic
TF
9.4
8.6
10.3
10.6
11.1
3.1
5.0
TCE
6.8
7.3
9.0
5.5
-0.9
3.8
3.6
4.7
28 28 Sweden
TF
4.9
5.0
11.0
10.5
..
-4.2
..
TCE
10.6
4.9 11.5
8.8
5.5
29 32 Taiwan (pr. of China)
VF
3.4
5.6
8.0
9.9
10.4
23.6
5.3
VF
30 35 Indonesia
TF
5.0
7.0
8.8
9.4
10.4
7.2 10.3
TF
31 30 Denmark
TF
9.2
8.7
8.6
10.3
..
20.0
32 29 Morocco
TF
5.8
9.3
10.0
10.3
10.2
2.4
-1.0
TF
9.7
TCE
33 36 Portugal
TCE
6.0
6.8
8.3
9.3
10.2
11.8
34 31 Utd Arab Emirates(2)
THS
5.8
7.4
10.0
..
..
..
35 37 Switzerland
THS
7.2
8.6
9.0
9.2
9.3
2.1
.. TCE(1)
16.0 16.0 15.1 12.6 20.1

4.5
3.6
5.4
7.3 12.4 18.1

1.5
5.5
8.7
24.1 29.2 21.8 20.0
8.4 13.2
8.5
10.1
9.1
6.0
4.5
6.2
5.0
8.3
4.9
4.9
3.4
-4.7
8.4
4.4
2.4
-4.6
5.3
11.2
14.0
8.9 19.0
10.6
2.6
-1.5
-2.3
-0.8
-0.5
-4.8
15.3
11.3 18.8
10.1
8.9
9.5 11.0
.. THS(2)
1.6
THS
-3.1
-4.9
-1.6
1.1
2.2
4.0
-2.8
36 33 Egypt
TF
8.2 14.1
9.2
9.6
9.1
5.0
-5.1
VF
-46.1
-46.3 -45.9
6.9
9.3
-5.0 -28.9
37 34 South Africa
TF
7.4
8.1
9.5
9.5
8.9
0.1
-6.8
TF
16.5
15.4 18.0
-5.9
-9.5
-5.4
38 38 Ireland
TF
7.3
7.1
8.3
8.8
..
6.7
..
TF*
16.6 16.6 16.8 27.4
39 39 Belgium
9.0
-1.2
-6.4
14.1 10.3 13.5 17.8
4.2
8.8 14.9
9.5 13.4
3.7
1.0
9.1
9.1
2.5
1.1
1.0
5.1
-29.7 -21.1 69.7 40.5

2.1
-4.0
0.3
7.3 12.3
2.3
7.9
7.3
TCE
6.7
7.2
7.7
7.9
8.0
2.6
1.8
TCE
2.8
5.3
4.0
-5.7
0.7
1.2
2.4
40 41 India
TF
3.9
5.8
7.0
7.7
8.0
10.2
4.4
TF
10.0 10.0
6.8 11.3 12.1
3.5
4.1
6.6
3.8
7.6 13.9 14.3
7.7
41 40 Vietnam
VF
3.5
5.0
7.6
7.9
7.9
4.0
0.9
VF
22.5 22.5 14.9 20.9 32.8
-13.7
-8.5
7.3 23.4
42 44 Australia
VF
5.5
5.8
6.4
6.9
7.4
7.6
8.2
VF
11.7
9.2
4.9
7.9
9.8
7.7 11.6
7.0
5.2
43 42 Bulgaria
TF
4.8
6.0
6.9
7.3
..
6.0
..
VF
6.7
4.2
0.1
-3.8
2.4
2.4
1.3
3.8
44 45 Brazil
TF
5.4
5.2
5.8
6.4
6.3
10.6
-1.9
TF
56.0 -35.3 -28.7
6.7
45 46 Slovakia
TF
6.2
5.4
..
..
..
..
..
TCE
46 47 Argentina
TF
3.8
5.3
5.2
5.9
..
13.1
..
TF
47 48 Dominican Rep.
TF
3.7
4.1
4.7
5.1
5.6
9.6
8.9
TF
7.0
48 51 Philippines
TF
2.6
3.5
4.8
4.8
5.4
0.0 10.9
TF
16.7
49 43 Tunisia
TF
6.4
7.8
7.4
7.2
5.4
-2.6 -25.2
TF
-18.7 -18.7 -17.7 -10.0 -25.8
50 49 Iran
VF
1.9
2.9
4.8
5.0
..
4.2
VF
..
13.6 10.3
6.7
25.0
4.2
6.6
29.7 20.8
7.0
7.7
8.4
5.2
13.2 20.4

See box at page 'Annex-1' for explanation of abbreviations and signs used, and corresponding notes in the tables of the regions
Annex9
9.7
5.7
29.2 12.8
3.6
-9.9 -12.3
-26.2 59.0 21.6 13.9
3.7 15.5 21.1 24.3
-12.9 -14.5 -11.9
-6.3
5.6
-4.7
15.1 18.8
9.5
7.4
6.8 11.6 10.2
6.3
9.3 17.3 11.3
3.0
1.3
3.1
-14.2 -25.1 -32.5 -20.7
7.5
-1.4
-0.9 -13.7
-9.0
9.9
3.7 14.3 11.5 10.4

5.5
26.7 26.7 -12.6 -16.2


International Tourism Receipts (US$ billion)
Full year (US$)
Rank
Local currencies, current prices (% change over same period of the previous year)
2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015*
'15 '14
World
14*/13 15*/14
(billion) Series
495
1 1 United States
706
2014*
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Oct Nov
Dec
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
0.4
-0.9
1.9
1.0
2.1
0.8
0.2
3.0
5.7
0.0
1.5
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
4.5
5.0
3.4
3.0
986 1,104 1,146 1,236 1,295 1,232
100.2 101.5 137.0 150.9 161.6 172.9 177.2 178.3 sa
2 2 China
16.2
29.3
45.8
48.5
50.0
51.7 105.4 114.1
3 3 Spain
30.9
49.7
54.6
62.2
58.2
62.6
65.1
56.5
4 4 France
33.0
44.0
47.0
54.8
53.6
56.6
57.4
5 9 Thailand
7.5
9.6
20.1
27.2
33.9
41.8
38.4
6 5 United Kingdom
22.1
31.1
33.0
35.7
37.3
41.8
7 6 Italy
27.5
35.4
38.8
43.0
41.2
8 7 Germany
18.7
29.2
34.7
38.9
5.9
10.3
22.2
28.5
2015*
2.5
0.6
n/a
8.3
3.9
4.0
17.1 20.6
45.9
1.5
-4.3
44.6
-2.7 22.0
46.6
42.4 sa
6.1
-2.0
-3.4 12.1
-5.4 -12.1
43.9
45.5
39.7
3.6
4.5
5.2
4.3
1.9
1.0
2.3
3.0
38.1
41.3
43.3
36.9
4.9
1.9
5.4
3.4
1.1
-1.5
-0.1
-1.7
-2.8
33.1
38.9
38.4
35.9
-1.5
-6.6
-3.7
-3.4
-8.4 -10.6
2.6
3.1
-9.6
17.7 -12.1
3.1
7.6
7.0
9.5
6.6
-4.1
-4.0
0.1
-3.1
-0.1
4.3
22.1 40.6
25.4
7.8
6.0
10 8 Macao (China)
3.2
6.9
22.2
30.5
35.9
43.0
42.6
31.3
-1.1 -26.5
-28.7 -30.7 -26.0 -19.1
11 11 Australia
9.4
16.7
28.6
31.8
31.9
31.3
31.9
29.4
9.4 10.5
11.3 10.3
12 12 Turkey
7.6
19.2
22.6
25.1
25.3
28.0
29.6
26.6
13 17 Japan
3.4
6.6
13.2
11.0
14.6
15.1
18.9
14 15 India
3.5
7.5
14.5
17.7
18.0
18.4
19.7
15 14 Austria
9.8
16.1
18.6
19.9
18.9
20.2
20.8
18.3
2.9
5.2
5.4
16 13 Malaysia
5.0
8.8
18.1
19.7
20.2
21.5
22.6
17.6
9.2
-7.1
-9.0
17 22 Mexico
8.3
11.8
12.0
11.9
12.7
13.9
16.2
17.5
16.2
7.7
9.0
9.0
9.7
4.8
6.5
2.4
2.3
5.4
2.7
6.6
6.0
3.9
10.2
-9.0
-3.4
-2.9
17.8
7.0
-4.7 -20.4
9.2
3.6
6.5 11.3
-3.0
25.0
35.3 51.4
64.0 53.6
58.2 34.8 35.5 34.3 34.5
21.0
14.5
7.0
9.7
5.7
9.6 10.0
-6.2 -15.5 -15.7 -15.6 -14.9
3.6
-6.2
2.3
8.8
0.3 -15.9
3.8
-1.5 -10.6
8.7 11.5 19.1
-9.9
5.6
7.4 13.0
6.0 11.1
-3.3 -13.8
-4.3
0.0
8.1
7.4
-0.4
-3.2
9.3
5.3
7.0
-9.6
-4.6
-5.0
12.6 15.4
9.5
0.2
6.2
6.4
8.4
1.6
4.0
2.0
34.4 31.7 29.0 45.4
5.7
7.0
10.0 21.3 19.9 10.1
13.9 21.5 15.9 14.1
18 16 Singapore
5.1
6.2
14.2
18.1
18.8
19.2
19.1
16.7
0.9
-5.0
-12.1
-8.2
1.2
-0.7
7.5
-1.3
-4.6
0.2
19 21 Switzerland
6.6
10.0
14.7
17.1
16.1
16.8
17.4
16.2
2.7
-2.4
-2.2
-2.4
-2.5
-2.6
2.6
2.6
2.5
3.2
20 25 Utd Arab Emirates
1.1
3.2
8.6
9.2
10.9
12.4
14.0
16.0
21 20 Canada
10.8
13.7
15.8
16.8
17.4
17.7
17.4
16.0
6.0
6.2
2.8
6.3
9.1
4.4
7.7
8.3
3.7
22 19 Greece
9.2
13.3
12.7
14.6
13.4
16.1
17.8
15.7
10.2
5.5
9.5
9.5
5.2
-3.9 -10.2 22.6
8.6 11.5
4.4
23 18 Korea (ROK)
6.8
5.8
10.3
12.5
13.4
14.6
17.8
15.3
21.9 -14.3
15.8
-4.3 -34.4 -23.8 -24.3 -27.4 -19.5
3.7
5.0
8.7
11.1
11.8
12.3
14.6
14.4
18.6
-1.4
-0.4
-3.4
-2.2
0.3
25 23 Netherlands
7.2
8.8
11.7
12.8
12.3
13.8
14.7
13.2
6.8
7.6
9.3
7.1
7.8
6.7
26 27 Portugal
5.2
7.7
10.1
11.3
11.1
12.3
13.8
12.6
12.4
9.3
14.7 10.6
8.2
6.2 10.4
17.3 17.1
18.3 14.5
12.7 14.8
27 28 Sweden
4.1
6.8
8.7
10.6
10.6
11.5
12.9
12.2
28 26 Belgium
6.6
9.9
11.4
12.7
12.5
13.3
13.9
11.7
29 31 Indonesia
5.0
4.5
7.0
8.0
8.3
9.1
10.3
10.7
..
4.6
6.7
8.5
7.4
7.7
8.2
10.1
31 30 Poland
5.7
6.3
9.6
10.7
11.0
11.3
11.2
9.7
-1.6
32 34 New Zealand
2.9
6.5
6.5
7.3
7.1
7.4
8.4
8.9
12.6 25.8
30 35 Saudi Arabia
4.8
0.9
12.5
3.8
7.7 23.0
3.7
7.6
1.1
3.6
5.6
1.8
15.1 11.6
3.6
2.5
28.4 31.5
-2.1 10.4
8.1
-0.6
-3.6
-5.6
5.7
2.1
7.6
12.2 20.0 18.3 17.6

4.4
7.3
4.8
3.7
4.1
15.1 13.9 11.4 10.3
190 -39.0
3.9
7.6
5.9 13.4 13.7 13.6
26.8 11.0 -20.4
9.0
4.7
3.2
-3.0
-5.2
36.2 11.6
4.5
9.4
6.3 32.3
2.8
7.4
8.1
9.4
8.7
9.5
9.9
8.8
2.8
6.5
-3.0
2.7
3.0
3.4
5.9
8.8
11.3
10.8
12.0
11.8
8.5
-1.9 -28.0
-26.5 -28.0 -28.4 -29.0
1.3
7.7
-1.5 -16.3
35 33 South Africa
13.7
3.6
12.5
1.1
-0.4
7.5
9.1
9.5
10.0
9.2
9.3
8.2 sa
..
2.3
4.5
5.7
6.9
7.3
7.3
7.3
37 36 Denmark
3.7
5.3
5.9
6.8
6.5
7.0
7.6
6.6
8.5
4.0
38 42 Lebanon
..
5.5
8.0
7.5
6.8
6.5
6.5
..
0.5
..
2.9
3.5
4.2
4.4
4.7
5.1
5.6
6.2
11.2
9.3
19.2 -15.9
7.5
0.7
2.7
7.3
-1.3
7.2 11.3 27.9 39.5

18.1 18.8 12.1 25.9
18.0 17.9
0.5
17.3
33 32 Croatia
36 37 Vietnam
12.7
2.8
0.9
-0.5
-1.9
4.5
4.2
3.1
4.6
4.1
4.1
-2.8
7.5
9.2
14.1 13.2 13.5 14.1
7.7 10.6
4.3
6.9
12.5
8.7
9.9
6.0
7.2
6.1
3.0
4.8
7.2
8.1
7.5
7.0
6.8
6.0
2.9
4.9
3.0
7.9
5.3
3.5
42 39 Morocco
2.0
4.6
6.7
7.3
6.7
6.8
7.1
6.0
3.0
-1.3
-7.2
-6.8
7.0
-2.3
-1.1
1.2
-6.1
-1.3
2.0 14.6
-6.1
1.8
3.9
5.3
6.1
6.4
6.5
6.8
5.8
5.7 -14.6
44 44 Israel
4.4
3.3
5.1
5.3
5.4
5.7
5.7
5.4
0.5
45 43 Hungary
3.8
4.1
5.6
5.9
5.1
5.4
5.9
5.3
46 48 Philippines
2.2
2.3
2.6
3.2
4.1
4.7
5.0
5.3
47 51 Qatar
0.1
0.8
0.6
1.2
2.9
3.5
4.6
5.0
-7.3 17.1 -17.5 -48.9
-4.9 -29.8 -21.3

13.0
4.0
9.7 10.6
7.0
-8.4
4.9
-2.7
6.9
9.0 14.7 10.9 10.6
40 38 Egypt
43 40 Brazil
4.4
-5.8
-16.7 -15.7
14.0
9.1
10.1
4.9
14.4
5.4
7.3
4.9
0.3
-2.5
31.1
-2.8 15.4
33
9.7
2.3 11.4
19.6
6.2
9.7
-1.1
-37.0
-3.1
125
-5.8
4.2
8.1
4.6
4.7
4.9
4.3
-2.2
9.9
-7.3 23.9 18.2
-7.7
-3.9
17.7 15.8 -14.5 -14.2
-4.9
12.5
3.5 -16.5
103
7.6 15.5 20.8
1.3 14.1
-4.9 19.0
54.9 29.1 27.1 22.5
48 45 Norway
2.2
3.5
4.7
5.3
5.4
5.6
5.6
5.0
7.2 12.4
7.9 14.2
15.7
6.4
7.0
49 49 Ireland
2.6
4.8
4.1
4.2
3.9
4.5
4.9
4.8
8.5 18.2
9.9 18.5
19.2 22.0
-1.4 14.6
9.6
6.7
50 50 Argentina
2.9
2.7
4.9
5.4
4.9
4.3
4.6
4.4
7.2
5.7 -10.1
-9.1
7.7
5.6 17.3
0.9

Annex10
-4.8
-9.6
6.1
6.8

International Tourism Receipts (euro billion)
Full year (euro)
Rank
2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015*
'15 '14
World
14*/13 15*/14
(billion) Series
536
1 1 United States
108.5
567
744
793
892
931
2015*
2014*
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Oct Nov
Dec
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
0.4
-0.9
1.9
1.0
2.1
0.8
0.2
3.0
5.7
0.0
1.5
975 1,110
81.6 103.3 108.4 125.8 130.2 133.4 160.7 sa
2.5
0.6
2 2 China
17.6
23.5
34.6
34.8
38.9
38.9
79.3 102.8
n/a
8.3
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
3 3 Spain
33.4
40.0
41.2
44.7
45.3
47.2
49.0
50.9
3.9
4.0
2.6
3.1
3.1
7.6
7.0
9.5
6.6
4.5
5.0
3.4
3.0
4 4 France
35.7
35.4
35.5
39.3
41.8
42.6
43.2
41.4
1.5
-4.3
-9.6
-4.1
-4.0
0.1
-3.1
-0.1
4.3
6.0 11.1
-1.5 -10.6
7.8
-3.3 -13.8
-6.2
9.7
2.3
5.7
9.7
4.8
6.5
2.4
2.3
5.4
5 9 Thailand
17.1 20.6
17.7 -12.1
8.1
7.7
15.2
19.5
26.4
31.5
28.9
40.2
-2.7 22.0
22.1 40.6
25.4
6 5 United Kingdom
23.9
25.0
24.9
25.7
29.0
31.4
35.1
38.2 sa
6.1
-2.0
-3.4 12.1
-5.4 -12.1
7 6 Italy
29.8
28.5
29.3
30.9
32.1
33.1
34.2
35.8
3.6
4.5
5.2
4.3
1.9
1.0
2.3
3.0
8 7 Germany
20.2
23.4
26.2
27.9
29.7
31.1
32.6
33.2
4.9
1.9
5.4
3.4
1.1
-1.5
-0.1
-1.7
-2.8
6.4
8.3
16.7
20.4
25.7
29.3
28.9
32.3
-1.5
-6.6
-3.7
-3.4
-8.4 -10.6

10 8 Macao (China)
11 11 Australia
12 12 Turkey
3.5
5.5
16.7
21.9
28.0
32.4
32.0
28.2
-1.1 -26.5
-28.7 -30.7 -26.0 -19.1
10.1
13.5
21.6
22.8
24.9
23.5
24.0
26.5
9.4 10.5
11.3 10.3
8.3
15.4
17.0
18.0
19.7
21.1
22.2
24.0
5.6
7.4 13.0
10.0
7.9
11.3
11.4
14.2
22.5
35.3 51.4
10.9
12.7
14.0
13.9
14.8
18.9
14.5
3.8
3.6
7.0
5.7
0.0
7.0
-4.7 -20.4
9.2
3.6
6.5 11.3
-3.0
58.2 34.8 35.5 34.3 34.5
5.3
6.0
3.9
-2.9
9.6 10.0
64.0 53.6
3.7
6.0
-3.4
8.8
-6.2 -15.5 -15.7 -15.6 -14.9
3.7
6.6
-9.0
17.8
0.3 -15.9
14 15 India
2.7
10.2
8.7 11.5 19.1
-9.9
13 17 Japan
15 14 Austria
6.0
-4.3
1.6
2.0
34.4 31.7 29.0 45.4

10.0 21.3 19.9 10.1
10.6
12.9
14.0
14.3
14.7
15.2
15.7
16.5
2.9
5.2
5.4
8.1
7.4
-0.4
-3.2
9.3
5.3
7.0
16 13 Malaysia
5.4
7.1
13.7
14.1
15.8
16.2
17.0
15.9
9.2
-7.1
-9.0
-9.6
-4.6
-5.0
12.6 15.4
9.5
0.2
17 22 Mexico
9.0
9.5
9.0
8.5
9.9
10.5
12.2
15.7
16.2
7.7
9.0
9.0
6.2
6.4
18 16 Singapore
5.6
5.0
10.7
13.0
14.6
14.5
14.4
15.1
0.9
-5.0
-12.1
-8.2
1.2
-0.7
7.5
-1.3
-4.6
0.2
19 21 Switzerland
7.2
8.1
11.1
12.3
12.5
12.6
13.1
14.6
2.7
-2.4
-2.2
-2.4
-2.5
-2.6
2.6
2.6
2.5
3.2
2.8
7.7
8.3
3.7
8.6 11.5
4.4
8.4
4.0
7.0
1.2
2.6
6.5
6.6
8.5
9.3
10.5
14.5
21 20 Canada
11.7
11.0
11.9
12.1
13.5
13.3
13.1
14.4
6.0
6.2
2.8
6.3
9.1
4.4
22 19 Greece
10.0
10.7
9.6
10.5
10.4
12.2
13.4
14.1
10.2
5.5
9.5
9.5
5.2
-3.9 -10.2 22.6
23 18 Korea (ROK)
7.4
4.7
7.8
9.0
10.5
11.0
13.4
13.8
21.9 -14.3
15.8
-4.3 -34.4 -23.8 -24.3 -27.4 -19.5
4.0
4.0
6.6
7.9
9.2
9.3
11.0
13.0
18.6
-1.4
-0.4
-3.4
-2.2
0.3
25 23 Netherlands
7.8
7.1
8.9
9.2
9.6
10.4
11.1
11.9
6.8
7.6
9.3
7.1
7.8
6.7
26 27 Portugal
5.7
6.2
7.6
8.1
8.6
9.2
10.4
11.4
12.4
9.3
14.7 10.6
8.2
6.2 10.4
17.3 17.1
18.3 14.5
12.7 14.8
27 28 Sweden
4.4
5.5
6.5
7.6
8.3
8.7
9.7
11.0
28 26 Belgium
7.1
7.9
8.6
9.2
9.7
10.0
10.5
10.6
29 31 Indonesia
5.4
3.6
5.2
5.7
6.5
6.9
7.7
9.6
..
3.7
5.1
6.1
5.8
5.8
6.2
9.1
7.7 23.0
31 30 Poland
6.1
5.1
7.2
7.7
8.5
8.5
8.5
8.8
-1.6
30 35 Saudi Arabia
4.8
0.9
12.5
3.8
32 34 New Zealand
3.1
5.2
4.9
5.3
5.5
5.6
6.3
8.0
33 32 Croatia
3.0
5.9
6.1
6.7
6.8
7.2
7.4
8.0
2.8
3.7
4.7
6.7
8.1
8.4
9.0
8.9
7.6
35 33 South Africa
3.7
12.6 25.8
2.9
6.0
6.8
6.9
7.8
7.0
7.0
7.4 sa
36 37 Vietnam
..
1.8
3.4
4.1
5.3
5.5
5.5
6.6
37 36 Denmark
4.0
4.2
4.4
4.9
5.1
5.3
5.7
6.0
38 42 Lebanon
..
4.4
6.0
5.4
5.3
4.9
4.9
3.1
2.8
3.1
3.2
3.6
3.8
13.9 21.5 15.9 14.1
0.9
3.6
0.5
-1.3
5.6
1.8
5.7
2.1
-2.1 10.4
8.1
-0.6
-3.6
-5.6
2.5
7.6
7.3
4.8
3.7
4.1
15.1 13.9 11.4 10.3

26.8 11.0 -20.4
4.7
-3.0
-5.2
0.7
6.3 32.3
4.5
9.4
-3.0
2.7
3.0
-1.9 -28.0
-26.5 -28.0 -28.4 -29.0
1.3
7.7
-1.5 -16.3
12.5
12.7
7.3
13.7
3.6
1.1
-0.4
8.5
4.0
..
0.5
..
4.2
5.5
11.2
9.3
7.5
9.2
19.2 -15.9
36.2 11.6
9.0
3.2
6.5
7.6
28.4 31.5
3.9
7.6
5.9 13.4 13.7 13.6

12.2 20.0 18.3 17.6
4.4
15.1 11.6 190.3 -39.0

3.6
7.2 11.3 27.9 39.5

18.1 18.8 12.1 25.9
18.0 17.9
1.1
17.3
7.5
-0.5
-1.9
4.5
4.2
3.1
4.6
4.1
4.1
-2.8
4.4
14.1 13.2 13.5 14.1
7.7 10.6
4.0
9.7 10.6
7.0
-8.4
4.9
-2.7
6.9
9.0 14.7 10.9 10.6
40 38 Egypt
4.7
5.5
9.4
6.3
7.7
4.6
5.4
5.5
3.2
3.9
5.4
5.8
5.8
5.3
5.1
5.5
2.9
4.9
-7.3 17.1 -17.5 -48.9

3.0
7.9
5.3
3.5
42 39 Morocco
2.2
3.7
5.1
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.3
5.4
3.0
-1.3
-7.2
-6.8
7.0
-2.3
-1.1
-1.1
-4.9 -29.8 -21.3
1.2
-6.1
-1.3
2.0 14.6
-6.1
43 40 Brazil
2.0
3.1
4.0
4.4
5.0
4.9
5.2
5.3
5.7 -14.6
44 44 Israel
4.8
2.7
3.8
3.8
4.2
4.3
4.3
4.8
0.5
-5.8
-16.7 -15.7
13.0
45 43 Hungary
4.1
3.3
4.2
4.2
3.9
4.0
4.4
4.8
14.0
9.1
10.1
4.9
14.4
5.4
46 48 Philippines
2.3
1.8
2.0
2.3
3.2
3.5
3.8
4.8
7.3
4.9
0.3
-2.5
31.1
-2.8 15.4
47 51 Qatar
0.1
0.6
0.4
0.8
2.2
2.6
3.5
4.5
32.8
9.7
2.3 11.4
19.6
6.2
9.7
-37.0
-3.1
125
-5.8
4.2
8.1
4.6
4.7
4.9
4.3
-2.2
9.9
-7.3 23.9 18.2
-7.7
-3.9
17.7 15.8 -14.5 -14.2
-4.9
12.5
3.5 -16.5
103
7.6 15.5 20.8
1.3 14.1
-4.9 19.0
54.9 29.1 27.1 22.5
48 45 Norway
2.3
2.8
3.6
3.8
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.5
7.2 12.4
7.9 14.2
15.7
6.4
7.0
6.8
49 49 Ireland
2.9
3.9
3.1
3.0
3.0
3.4
3.7
4.3
8.5 18.2
9.9 18.5
19.2 22.0
-1.4 14.6
9.6
6.7
50 50 Argentina
3.1
2.2
3.7
3.8
3.8
3.2
3.5
4.0
7.2
5.7 -10.1
-9.1
7.7
5.6 17.3
0.9

Annex11
-4.8
-9.6
6.1

International Tourism Expenditure (US$ billion)
Full year (US$)
Rank
2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015*
'15 '14
14*/13 15*/14
(billion) Series
World
495
706
986 1,104 1,146 1,236 1,295 1,232
1 1 China
13.1
21.8
54.9
72.6 102.0 128.6 234.7 292.2
2015*
Q1
2014*
Q2
Q3
Q4
n/a 24.5
30.6 34.3
30.0
6.7
Oct Nov
Dec
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
2 2 United States
65.8
80.0
86.6
89.7 100.3 104.1 110.8 120.5 sa
6.4
8.7
10.5
6.1
10.6
7.9
8.6
8.5
6.5
3.5
7.4
6.6
8.1
3 3 Germany
53.0
74.4
78.1
85.9
83.6
91.4
93.3
76.3
2.1
-2.1
1.7
-2.7
-5.6
1.4
-0.6
3.4
3.0
3.1
5.6
-1.5
3.9
4 4 United Kingdom
39.9
62.4
55.7
56.7
57.0
58.5
63.2
63.5 sa
2.8
8.1
1.4
9.1
8.6 12.7
10.1
-0.6
1.3
3.1
5 6 France
22.6
31.8
38.5
44.6
40.0
43.0
48.7
38.4
13.3
-5.5
7.2 -14.5
9.9 20.1 12.5
9.4
7 7 Canada
8 14 Korea (ROK)
9 8 Italy
10 9 Australia
12 11 Singapore
13 12 Saudi Arabia
8.7
17.0
26.7
32.9
42.8
53.5
50.4
34.9
12.4
18.0
29.7
33.4
35.0
35.2
33.8
29.3
7.1
15.4
18.8
19.9
20.6
21.6
23.2
25.0
15.7
22.4
27.1
28.7
26.4
27.0
28.8
24.5
-5.7 -30.7
3.3
-7.9
-1.1
0.8
1.5
-0.3
-1.0
7.1
7.6
12.5
5.2
0.7 13.2 14.3 19.8
7.0
6.9
1.5
2.0
2.9
1.4
0.3
-0.3
2.3
3.6 17.3
3.6
5.1
3.7
12.6
8.1
1.6
9.4
5.5
-5.4
11.8
22.5
27.3
28.1
28.6
26.4
23.5
-1.3
6.9
1.8
0.0
1.7
-5.6
17.4
19.0
20.1
21.2
22.0
22.9
3.7
3.9
6.5
1.7
3.1
4.8
-2.5 13.7
5.7
-1.5
4.5
10.1
18.7
21.5
23.1
24.5
24.4
22.1
0.7
-1.8
-6.3
-3.4
1.0
1.8
7.0
-2.1
-1.9
36.6 -14.1
11.5 13.7 14.1 10.0 16.4
-6.0 -24.7
13.3
21.1
17.3
17.0
17.7
24.1
20.7
19.0
20.6
20.3
21.9
23.8
18.7
8.9
-5.8
-5.4
-3.0
-9.1
-3.8
12.2
13.8
19.2
20.7
19.8
20.4
21.4
18.2
4.8
2.0
2.4
5.2
1.0
-0.7
16 20 Spain
6.0
15.2
17.0
17.4
15.4
16.4
18.0
17.8
9.8 17.9
14.4 19.6
17 10 Brazil
3.9
4.7
16.0
20.8
22.0
25.0
25.6
17.4
2.2 -32.1
-31.0 18.9 -16.2 -17.0
-2.2
-5.8
10.5 10.8 10.9 10.3
15.4
15.6
17.6
18.5
16.9
10.6 12.1
13.7 10.4
12.9 11.3
27.2
27.9
21.8
19.3
16.0
-4.2
-5.3
-7.5
-5.7
-5.3
-2.6
20 21 Switzerland
5.4
8.8
11.2
13.7
15.2
16.2
17.1
16.0
4.7
-2.0
-3.0
-2.5
-1.2
-1.6
21 18 Norway
4.6
9.7
13.5
15.7
16.6
18.5
18.7
15.8
8.7
7.9
4.9
3.2
11.8 11.3
8.1
8.7
9.4
10.1
10.6
12.3
14.0
15.5
3.0
6.2
11.8
13.2
13.2
13.8
14.4
15.1
2.7
6.2
10.5
13.7
12.3
11.6
14.6
14.9
3.0
5.5
5.6
6.5
7.8
10.6
11.7
26 26 Kuwait
2.5
4.5
6.4
8.1
9.2
11.6
11.3
..
27 25 Malaysia
2.1
3.7
8.3
10.2
12.2
12.2
12.4
10.5
28 30 Mexico
5.5
7.6
7.3
7.8
8.4
9.1
9.6
10.1
23.9 19.1
1.9
1.1
-2.9
31.1
7.2
24.9
6.2
4.4
35.3 10.0
9.9
9.1
9.8 12.0 15.2
..
22.7 21.6
12.2
5.0
1.1
10.5
0.0
-1.5
-3.3
5.3
5.1
7.8
9.8
3.1
1.1
5.3
-0.3
3.1
-3.6
-3.4
9.2
-0.5
..
1.6
6.3
9.3
10.2
10.5
10.1
10.3
10.8
9.0
30 31 Iran
0.7
3.7
9.7
9.8
7.8
9.0
8.9
..
31 29 Denmark
4.7
6.9
9.0
10.0
9.8
10.1
10.2
8.7
1.0
2.3
4.0
0.8
2.9
32 33 Qatar
0.3
1.8
0.5
1.8
5.6
6.6
8.7
8.2
31.2
-5.9
-9.4
5.5
-6.3 -12.6
7.1
8.9
6.7
33 32 Poland
3.3
5.5
8.6
8.5
8.8
8.8
8.9
7.9
-0.1
34 35 Thailand
2.8
3.8
5.6
5.7
6.2
6.5
7.1
7.6
15.4 13.1
35 34 Indonesia
3.2
3.6
6.4
6.3
6.8
7.7
7.7
7.3
0.1
-5.0
-0.5
36 37 Argentina
4.4
2.8
4.9
5.5
5.9
5.6
5.4
5.9
-3.7 10.4
-8.3
0.6
0.2
5.6
6.7
6.2
5.9
5.3
5.6
38 36 Ireland
2.5
6.1
7.1
6.7
5.9
6.2
6.1
5.4
39 41 Turkey
1.7
3.1
5.2
4.9
4.1
4.8
5.1
5.4
14.9 17.3
6.4
-1.4
-5.1
5.9 10.4
-3.7
-3.0
-3.7
-6.2
-0.2
7.0
5.3
6.0
15.1 11.4
5.3
4.5
3.5 17.4 17.8 15.0
4.9
29 27 Austria
37 38 Nigeria
-1.3
4.7
-1.8
7.6 12.5
4.8
-10.5 -28.6 -41.1 -46.3 -52.7 -43.4 -42.3
13.1
1.6
5.8
4.9
5.4
27.9
25 28 Philippines
11.4
4.9
10.5
24 22 India
-4.7
4.4
27.3
13.8 10.7
-1.6
6.0 14.1 13.3
8.0
5.6
55.9 14.9 43.3 31.0

-4.6
18.5 18.2 21.7 17.1 15.4
31.9
40 43 Lebanon
0.1
0.5
2.7
6.4
9.1
19 17 Japan
-1.3
9.7
4.5
12.5
15.0
18 19 Sweden
4.2
-27.7 -30.7 -31.6 -32.5
..
15 16 Netherlands
-1.1
0.3
9.4
14 13 Belgium
-4.5
24.1 36.8 29.3 33.5
2.7
7.1 13.1
0.5
0.4
48.7 49.2 51.4
-5.8
7.8
7.2 12.2 12.4
2.7
0.9 11.4
7.3
8.1
9.9
3.7
1.1
4.5
1.4 10.9
-0.8
0.4
0.3
1.9
1.6
63.3 17.3 25.5 26.4
7.0
0.0
3.5
-5.7
5.9
8.4 12.1
10.3 22.4 14.2 14.9
-8.1
3.3 -12.9
-2.1
-4.6
6.1
2.6
20.3 44.6
1.8
-0.8
-1.9 -17.0
1.1
-10.1
5.5
-15.5 -42.6 130.0 53.7
59.1 41.2 -51.4 -59.0
-2.3
7.1
11.3
-12.3
3.2
-4.6
4.3
5.3
5.8
-5.8 10.0
13.8
9.4
-2.4
1.0
13.8
..
23.2 21.9 17.9
-4.1
..
2.9
4.9
4.2
4.2
4.4
5.0
..
1.3
2.4
4.3
4.8
4.5
4.6
5.1
4.9
42 46 Israel
2.9
3.1
3.7
3.8
3.8
4.0
4.2
4.8
43 39 Finland
1.9
3.1
4.3
4.9
4.9
5.3
5.3
4.7
44 42 Ukraine
0.5
2.8
3.7
4.5
5.1
5.8
5.1
4.4
-12.2 -12.2
17.6 12.2
$
7.0 13.3
-0.2
5.5
-13.8
1.8
7.1 10.4
20.9
1.2
6.1
4.2
7.5
6.2
9.8 16.5 14.3 29.5
-7.1
20.2 17.0
16.7
5.4
24.8
0.2
-6.0 21.9
-1.4 20.5
2.9
9.4
9.1
0.0
5.6
-1.2
-2.1
-21.2 -13.1
-9.4
-3.9
1.6
-9.2 -17.8 -21.3
45 44 Colombia
1.1
1.5
2.6
3.0
3.6
3.9
4.7
4.3
18.7
-7.6
4.5
1.4 -11.9 -19.6
46 45 Portugal
2.2
3.1
3.9
4.1
3.8
4.1
4.4
4.0
6.4
8.9
9.0
7.9
11.0
7.5
47 47 New Zealand
1.2
2.7
3.0
3.4
3.7
3.9
4.1
3.7
4.9
8.4
6.2 10.3
10.0
48 50 Egypt
1.1
1.6
2.2
2.2
2.6
3.0
3.1
3.4
4.2
9.6
15.0 11.2
-5.1
-1.9
6.6 19.1 28.3 18.7

6.3
8.7
7.5
4.3
7.2
6.0
7.7
6.5
7.2
2.9
3.3
7.0
-4.3 17.6
11.8
-5.8
-2.6 17.4
49 48 Luxembourg
1.3
3.0
3.5
3.8
3.6
3.8
3.9
3.3
1.9
2.4
3.0
2.4
2.2
2.3
-0.3
4.4
1.1
2.7
50 49 South Africa
2.1
3.4
5.6
5.2
4.1
3.4
3.2
3.0 sa
3.8 10.9
12.8
9.3
7.9 13.6
3.0
4.9
2.9
4.7

Annex12

International Tourism Expenditure (euro billion)
Full year (euro)
Rank
2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015*
'15 '14
14*/13 15*/14
(billion) Series
World
536
567
744
793
892
931
1 1 China
14.2
17.5
41.4
52.1
79.4
96.8 176.6 263.4
2015*
Q1
2014*
Q2
Q3
Q4
n/a 24.5
30.6 34.3
30.0
6.7
Oct Nov
Dec
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
8.1
975 1,110
$
2 2 United States
71.2
64.3
65.3
64.4
78.1
78.4
83.4 108.6 sa
6.4
8.7
10.5
6.1
10.6
7.9
8.6
8.5
6.5
3.5
7.4
6.6
3 3 Germany
57.4
59.8
58.9
61.7
65.1
68.8
70.3
68.8
2.1
-2.1
1.7
-2.7
-5.6
1.4
-0.6
3.4
3.0
3.1
5.6
-1.5
3.9
4 4 United Kingdom
43.2
50.1
42.0
40.7
44.4
44.0
47.6
57.2 sa
2.8
8.1
1.4
10.1
-1
1.3
3.1
5 6 France
24.5
25.6
29.0
32.0
31.1
32.4
36.7
34.6
13.3
-5.5
9.9 20.1 12.5
9.4
9.5
13.6
20.1
23.6
33.3
40.2
38.0
31.5
13.5
14.5
22.4
24.0
27.3
26.5
25.4
26.4
7.7
12.4
14.2
14.3
16.1
16.3
17.5
22.5
17.0
18.0
20.4
20.6
20.5
20.3
21.7
22.0
7 7 Canada
8 14 Korea (ROK)
9 8 Italy
10 9 Australia
12 11 Singapore
13 12 Saudi Arabia
-5.7 -30.7
3.3
7.2 -14.5
8.6 12.7
-7.9
-1.1
1.5
-0.3
-1.0
7.1
7.6
12.5
5.2
0.7 13.2 14.3 19.8
7.0
6.9
1.5
2.0
2.9
1.4
0.3
-0.3
-1.3
0.1
0.5
-6.0 -24.7
4.5
2.7
2.3
3.6 17.3
3.6
5.1
3.7
12.6
8.1
1.6
9.4
5.5
-5.4
6.9
9.4
17.0
19.6
21.8
21.6
19.8
21.2
-1.3
6.9
1.8
0.0
1.7
-5.6
10.7
13.1
13.7
15.6
16.0
16.6
20.6
3.7
3.9
6.5
1.7
3.1
4.8
-2.5 13.7
5.7
-1.5
4.9
8.1
14.1
15.4
18.0
18.5
18.3
19.9
0.7
-1.8
-6.3
-3.4
1.0
1.8
7.0
-2.1
-1.9
36.6 -14.1
11.5 13.7 14.1 10.0 16.4
9.7
13.5
..
7.3
15.9
12.4
13.2
13.3
18.2
18.7
12.0
14.3
14.8
15.8
16.5
17.9
16.9
8.9
-5.8
-5.4
-3.0
-9.1
-3.8
15 16 Netherlands
13.2
11.1
14.5
14.8
15.4
15.3
16.1
16.4
4.8
2.0
2.4
5.2
1.0
-0.7
16 20 Spain
6.5
12.2
12.8
12.5
12.0
12.4
13.6
16.0
9.8 17.9
14.4 19.6
17 10 Brazil
4.2
3.8
12.0
14.9
17.2
18.8
19.2
15.6
2.2 -32.1
-31.0 18.9 -16.2 -17.0
-2.2
-5.8
10.5 10.8 10.9 10.3
11.1
12.2
13.3
13.9
15.2
10.6 12.1
13.7 10.4
12.9 11.3
19.5
21.7
16.4
14.5
14.4
-4.2
-5.3
-7.5
-5.7
-5.3
-2.6
20 21 Switzerland
5.9
7.1
8.4
9.8
11.8
12.2
12.9
14.4
4.7
-2.0
-3.0
-2.5
-1.2
-1.6
21 18 Norway
5.0
7.8
10.2
11.3
12.9
13.9
14.1
14.3
8.7
7.9
4.9
3.2
11.8 11.3
8.8
7.0
7.1
7.3
8.3
9.3
10.5
14.0
3.3
5.0
8.9
9.5
10.3
10.4
10.9
13.6
24 22 India
2.9
5.0
7.9
9.8
9.6
8.7
11.0
13.4
25 28 Philippines
1.8
2.4
4.1
4.0
5.1
5.9
8.0
10.5
26 26 Kuwait
2.7
3.6
4.9
5.8
7.2
8.7
8.5
..
27 25 Malaysia
2.2
3.0
6.3
7.3
9.5
9.2
9.3
9.4
28 30 Mexico
6.0
6.1
5.5
5.6
6.6
6.9
7.2
9.1
23.9 19.1
1.9
1.1
-2.9
31.1
7.2
24.9
6.2
4.4
35.3 10.0
9.9
9.1
9.8 12.0 15.2
22.7 21.6
12.2
5.0
1.1
10.5
0.0
-1.5
-3.3
5.3
5.1
7.8
9.8
3.1
1.1
5.3
-0.3
3.1
-3.6
-3.4
9.2
-0.5
..
1.6
6.8
7.5
7.7
7.5
7.8
7.7
8.1
8.1
0.7
3.0
7.3
7.0
6.1
6.8
6.7
..
31 29 Denmark
5.1
5.5
6.8
7.2
7.6
7.6
7.7
7.8
1.0
2.3
4.0
0.8
2.9
32 33 Qatar
0.3
1.4
0.4
1.3
4.4
5.0
6.5
7.4
31
-6
-9.4
5.5
-6.3 -12.6
7.1
8.9
6.7
33 32 Poland
3.6
4.5
6.5
6.1
6.8
6.6
6.7
7.2
-0.1
3.0
3.1
4.2
4.1
4.9
4.9
5.3
6.8
15.4 13.1
35 34 Indonesia
3.5
2.9
4.8
4.5
5.3
5.8
5.8
6.6
0.1
-5.0
-0.5
36 37 Argentina
4.8
2.2
3.7
4.0
4.6
4.2
4.0
5.3
-3.7 10.4
-8.3
0.6
0.2
4.2
4.8
4.8
4.5
4.0
5.1
2.8
4.9
5.4
4.8
4.6
4.7
4.6
4.9
39 41 Turkey
1.9
2.5
3.9
3.5
3.2
3.6
3.8
4.8
14.9 17.3
6.4
-5.1
-3.7
-3.0
-3.7
-6.2
-0.2
7.0
5.3
6.0
15.1 11.4
5.3
4.5
24.1 36.8 29.3 33.5

7.1 13.1
48.7 49.2 51.4

7.8
34 35 Thailand
-1.4
5.9 10.4
3.5 17.4 17.8 15.0
4.9
30 31 Iran
38 36 Ireland
-1.3
4.7
29 27 Austria
37 38 Nigeria
7.6 12.5
4.8
-10.5 -28.6 -41.1 -46.3 -52.7 -43.4 -42.3
9.8
..
5.8
4.9
5.4
21.0
-1.8
11.4
4.9
8.5
-4.7
4.4
22.0
13.8 10.7
-1.6
6.0 14.1 13.3
8.7
5.6
55.9 14.9 43.3 31.0

-4.6
18.5 18.2 21.7 17.1 15.4
34.5
40 43 Lebanon
4.2
0.8
10.2
19 17 Japan
-1.1
0.3
14 13 Belgium
18 19 Sweden
-4.5
-27.7 -30.7 -31.6 -32.5
2.7
0.5
0.4
-5.8
7.2 12.2 12.4
2.7
0.9 11.4
7.3
8.1
9.9
3.7
1.1
4.5
1.4 10.9
-0.8
0.4
0.3
1.9
1.6
63.3 17.3 25.5 26.4
7.0
0.0
3.5
-5.7
5.9
8.4 12.1
10.3 22.4 14.2 14.9
-8.1
3.3 -12.9
-2.1
-4.6
6.1
2.6
20.3 44.6
1.8
-0.8
-1.9 -17.0
1.1
-10.1
5.5
-15.5 -42.6 130.0 53.7
59.1 41.2 -51.4 -59.0
-2.3
7.1
11.3
-12.3
3.2
-4.6
4.3
5.3
5.8
-5.8 10.0
13.8
9.4
-2.4
1.0
13.8
..
23.2 21.9 17.9
-4.1
..
2.3
3.7
3.0
3.3
3.3
3.8
..
1.4
1.9
3.2
3.4
3.5
3.5
3.9
4.4
42 46 Israel
3.1
2.5
2.8
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.2
4.3
43 39 Finland
2.0
2.5
3.3
3.5
3.8
4.0
4.0
4.2
44 42 Ukraine
0.5
2.3
2.8
3.2
4.0
4.3
3.8
4.0
-12.2 -12.2
17.6 12.2
$
7.0 13.3
-0.2
5.5
-13.8
1.8
7.1 10.4
20.9
1.2
6.1
4.2
7.5
6.2
9.8 16.5 14.3 29.5
-7.1
20.2 17.0
16.7
5.4
24.8
0.2
-6.0 21.9
-1.4 20.5
2.9
9.4
9.1
0.0
5.6
-1.2
-2.1
-21.2 -13.1
-9.4
-3.9
1.6
-9.2 -17.8 -21.3
45 44 Colombia
1.1
1.2
2.0
2.2
2.8
3.0
3.5
3.9
18.7
-7.6
4.5
1.4 -11.9 -19.6
46 45 Portugal
2.4
2.5
3.0
3.0
2.9
3.1
3.3
3.6
6.4
8.9
9.0
7.9
11.0
7.5
47 47 New Zealand
1.3
2.2
2.3
2.5
2.9
2.9
3.1
3.4
4.9
8.4
6.2 10.3
10.0
48 50 Egypt
1.2
1.3
1.7
1.6
2.0
2.3
2.4
3.1
4.2
9.6
15.0 11.2
-5.1
-1.9
6.6 19.1 28.3 18.7

6.3
8.7
7.5
4.3
7.2
6.0
7.7
6.5
7.2
2.9
3.3
7.0
-4.3 17.6
11.8
-5.8
-2.6 17.4
49 48 Luxembourg
1.4
2.4
2.7
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.9
3.0
1.9
2.4
3.0
2.4
2.2
2.3
-0.3
4.4
1.1
2.7
50 49 South Africa
2.3
2.7
4.2
3.8
3.2
2.6
2.4
2.7 sa
3.8 10.9
12.8
9.3
7.9 13.6
3.0
4.9
2.9
4.7

Annex13

share
(US$ billion)
(%)
2013 2014* 2015* 2015*
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
World
1 United States
2 Spain
4 Thailand
3 Macao (China)
5 Turkey
6 Italy
8 Greece
7 Hong Kong (China)
10 Austria
32 Japan
11 Portugal
12 Croatia
13 France
14 Mexico
9 Malaysia
20 India
17 Australia
18 Dominican Rep.
15 South Africa
21 New Zealand
19 Vietnam
16 Morocco
23 Hungary
25 Panama
29 Indonesia
1,236
172.9
62.6
41.8
43.0
28.0
43.9
16.1
38.9
20.2
15.1
12.3
9.5
56.6
13.9
21.5
18.4
31.3
5.1
9.2
7.4
7.3
6.8
5.4
3.5
9.1
1,295
177.2
65.1
38.4
42.6
29.6
45.5
17.8
38.4
20.8
18.9
13.8
9.9
57.4
16.2
22.6
19.7
31.9
5.6
9.3
8.4
7.3
7.1
5.9
3.7
10.3
1,232
178.3
56.5
44.6
31.3
26.6
39.7
15.7
35.9
18.3
25.0
12.6
8.8
45.9
17.5
17.6
21.0
29.4
6.2
8.2
8.9
7.3
6.0
5.3
4.2
10.7
100
14.5
4.6
3.6
2.5
2.2
3.2
1.3
2.9
1.5
2.0
1.0
0.7
3.7
1.4
1.4
1.7
2.4
0.5
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.9

Balance
share per capita
(US$ billion)
(%)
(US$)
(US$ billion)
2013 2014* 2015* 2015*
2015*
2013 2014* 2015*
169
554
1,219
647
47,002
342
653
1,450
4,904
2,139
197
1,211
2,093
714
137
568
16
1,225
616
150
1,916
80
179
542
1,048
42
1,236 1,295 1,232

104.1 110.8 120.5
16.4 18.0 17.8
6.5
7.1
7.6
1.7
1.8
..
4.8
5.1
5.4
27.0 28.8 24.5
2.4
2.8
2.3
21.2 22.0 22.9
10.3 10.8
9.0
21.8 19.3 16.0
4.1
4.4
4.0
0.9
0.8
0.8
43.0 48.7 38.4
9.1
9.6 10.1
12.2 12.4 10.5
11.6 14.6 14.9
28.6 26.4 23.5
0.4
0.4
0.5
3.4
3.2
3.0
3.9
4.1
3.7
2.1
2.2
..
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.9
2.0
1.8
0.9
0.9
0.8
7.7
7.7
7.3
100
9.8
1.4
0.6
..
0.4
2.0
0.2
1.9
0.7
1.3
0.3
0.1
3.1
0.8
0.9
1.2
1.9
0.0
0.2
0.3
..
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.6
169
375
383
110
..
69
402
209
3,130
1,053
126
385
179
598
80
338
12
978
45
54
805
..
41
186
197
29
0
68.8
46.2
35.3
41.3
23.2
16.9
13.7
17.7
10.0
-6.7
8.1
8.6
13.6
4.8
9.3
6.8
2.6
4.7
5.8
3.5
5.2
5.5
3.5
2.6
1.4
0
66.5
47.1
31.4
40.7
24.5
16.6
15.0
16.4
10.0
-0.4
9.4
9.0
8.7
6.6
10.2
5.1
5.6
5.2
6.2
4.3
5.2
5.7
3.9
2.8
2.6
0
57.8
38.8
37.0
..
21.2
15.2
13.4
13.0
9.3
9.0
8.6
8.1
7.5
7.4
7.1
6.1
5.9
5.7
5.2
5.2
..
4.6
3.5
3.4
3.4
0
180
836
537
..
273
250
1,240
1,774
1,086
71
826
1,914
117
58
230
5
247
570
95
1,112
..
138
356
851
13

200
per capita
(US$)
2015*
(US$ billion)
178
Receipts
175
Expenditure
150
Surplus
125
100
75
58 57
50
39 45 37 43 41
25
27 21
40
46
36
15 16 13
13 18 9
25
9 13 9 9
17
18
21
29
6
-25
-18
-50
-8
-2
-2
-5
-24
-23
-9
-16
-4
-1
-10
-38
-10
-15
5 9
6 8
6 6
-3
5 7
-4
5 6
-2
5 5
-1
4 4
-2
3
-1
11
-7
-23
-75
-100
-125
-120
Un
ite
dS
tat
es
Sp
a
Th in
Ma ail
ca and
o(
Ch
ina
)
Tu
rke
y
Ita
ly
Ho
G
ng
Ko reec
ng
e
(C
hin
a
Au )
str
ia
Ja
pa
Po n
rtu
ga
Cr l
oa
tia
Fr
an
ce
Me
xic
Ma o
lay
sia
I nd
ia
A
u
Do
mi stra
nic lia
an
So Rep
uth .
Ne Afri
c
w
Ze a
ala
n
Vi d
etn
a
Mo m
ro
cc
Hu o
ng
ar
Pa y
na
m
Ind a
on
es
ia
Rank
'15 '14
per capita
(US$)
2015*
Annex14
About receipts and expenditure data

For destination countries, receipts from international tourism count
as exports and cover all transactions related to the consumption by
international visitors of, for example, accommodation, food and
drink, fuel, domestic transport, entertainment, shopping, etc. They
include transactions generated by same-day as well as overnight
visitors. Receipts from same-day visitors can be substantial,
especially in the case of neighbouring countries where a lot of
shopping for goods and services is carried out by cross-border,
same-day visitors. However, the values reported as international
tourism receipts do not include receipts from international
passenger transport contracted from companies outside the
travellers countries of residence, which are reported in a separate
category.
With financial data measured in different currencies it is
complicated to accurately determine variations in relative terms, as
receipts have to be expressed in a common currency like the US
dollar or the euro and generally are also reported at current prices,
thus not taking account of exchange rate fluctuations and inflation.
Exchange rate changes can substantially influence the values
in US dollars reported from year to year. When the dollar
appreciates against for instance the euro, worldwide receipts
expressed in dollars relatively decrease, and vice versa in the case
the dollar depreciates.
In 2014, the US dollar and the euro maintained virtually the
same average exchange rate for the year, but both appreciated
against a range of other currencies. So expressed in US dollar
terms, values in euro were equal to the previous year.
In 2015, the US dollar (and pegged currencies such as from
some destinations in the Caribbean or the Middle East)
appreciated against the euro and virtually all other currencies.
Versus the euro the depreciation was 20% on average for the year
(see table below), so expressed in US dollar terms, values in euro
were some 20% lower than in the previous year.
Exchange rate US$ to euro and vice versa, average for the year
US$ to euro change (%)
euro to US$ change (%)
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
0.8038
0.7964
0.7297
0.6799
0.7169
0.7543
0.7184
0.7783
0.7530
0.7527
0.9013
-0.9
-8.4
-6.8
5.4
5.2
-4.8
8.3
-3.3
0.0
19.7
1.2441
1.2556
1.3705
1.4708
1.3948
1.3257
1.3920
1.2848
1.3281
1.3285
1.1095
0.9
9.2
7.3
-5.2
-5.0
5.0
-7.7
3.4
0.0
-16.5
In order to account for exchange rate changes and inflation,

international tourism receipts expressed in US dollar values (for
reason of comparison) were converted back to the local currencies
of each destination, weighted by the share in the total, and
deflated by the relevant rate of inflation. Although in this way data
are made comparable, care should nevertheless be taken in
interpreting the trends, as statistics, in most cases, are still
provisional and subject to revision. For the totals, estimates are
made by UNWTO for countries that have not yet reported results,
based on the previous years value and the trend for the
(sub)region. Unlike arrivals, where revisions generally more or less
balance out, receipts data tends to be revised upwards.
Annex15

International Tourist Arrivals by (sub)region and selected countries and territories of destination
Full year
Change
Monthly/quarterly data (% change over same period of the previous year)
Series
2005
2010
2014
2015* 14/13 15*/14 Series 2016*
(1000)
(%)
YTD
2015*
Q1
Jan
Feb
Mar
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Oct Nov
Dec
Europe
453,194
489,359
580,243
607,577
2.4
4.7
4.2
3.8
4.7
5.8
4.4
5.5
3.6
5.3
3.9
- of which EU-28
367,915
384,279
454,096
477,877
4.8
5.2
5.4
4.8
6.1
5.5
5.6
5.5
4.7
6.7
5.0
1.8
59,855
62,845
70,799
75,647
5.3
6.8
11.3
8.3
14.4
4.2
5.5
8.0
9.2
13.3
5.7
7.7
Northern Europe
Denmark
Finland
1.1
TF
9,178
8,744
10,267
..
20.0
..
TCE
14.0
8.9
19.0
10.6
2.6
4.5
6.2
6.5
3.4
8.3
TCE
2,080
2,319
2,731
2,620
-2.3
-4.1
TCE
12.1
8.2
16.5
-13.9
-6.6
0.2
2.9
0.5
-4.9
11.2
Iceland
TF
374
489
998
1,289
23.6
29.2
THS
41.1
41.1
28.3
49.8
41.8
32.2
29.6
29.4
50.7
53.4
43.4
55.1
Ireland
TF
7,333
7,134
8,813
..
6.7
..
TF*
16.6
16.6
16.8
27.4
9.0
14.1
10.3
13.5
17.8
15.7
30.8
9.2
Norway
TCE
3,824
4,767
4,855
..
1.6
..
TCE
11.1
3.7
17.4
-3.5
5.2
11.8
11.6
21.4
5.4
5.9
Sweden
TF
4,883
4,951
10,522
..
-4.2
..
TCE
10.6
7.3
12.4
18.1
20.4
16.9
16.6
United Kingdom
TF
VF
Western Europe
28,039
28,296
32,613
..
5.0
..
141,670
154,362
174,398
179,734
2.1
3.1
Austria
TCE
19,952
22,004
25,291
26,711
1.9
5.6
TCE
Belgium
TCE
6,742
7,186
7,887
8,033
2.6
1.8
TCE
France
7.2
6.2
8.3
1.0
4.7
4.7
5.2
12.0
-1.7
4.3
0.4
-0.2
0.9
4.1
3.7
5.0
-0.8
1.8
2.9
-6.8
4.7
5.8
8.3
-3.0
10.2
10.2
TF
74,988
77,648
83,700
84,460
0.1
0.9
TCE
-8.0
-8.0
Germany
TCE
21,499
26,875
33,006
34,971
4.6
6.0
TCE
5.2
4.9
Liechtenstein
TCE
50
64
61
57
2.7
-7.5
TCE
21.7
5.4
5.4
5.2
9.9
-0.9
-3.3
2.8
5.3
4.0
-5.7
5.9 -11.2 -14.8
2.9
2.4
3.3
-5.1
0.3
5.4
5.8
6.6
5.6
6.8
7.4
-3.6
-6.7 -10.0
-7.8
-9.1
-0.6 -12.6
Luxembourg
TCE
913
793
1,038
..
9.9
..
TCE
Monaco
THS
286
279
329
331
0.3
0.6
THS
Netherlands
TCE
10,012
10,883
13,926
15,007
9.0
7.8
TCE
13.2
13.2
Switzerland
THS
THS
-3.1
-4.9
-1.6
1.1
3.6
4.0
3.2
8.2
-4.0
1.8
7,229
8,628
9,158
9,305
2.1
1.6
95,253
98,895
120,197
127,144
-6.0
5.8
TF
319
687
1,204
1,192
11.3
-1.0
Armenia
Azerbaijan
TF
693
1,280
2,160
..
1.4
..
VF
Belarus
TCE
253
677
973
..
0.7
..
TCE
Bulgaria
TF
4,837
6,047
7,311
..
6.0
..
Czech Republic
TF
9,404
8,629
10,617
11,148
3.1
5.0
TCE
Estonia
TF
1,917
2,372
2,917
2,763
1.5
-5.3
TCE
4.8
Georgia
TF
..
1,067
2,229
2,279
7.9
2.2
VF
14.7
Hungary
TF
9,979
9,510
12,140
14,316
14.3
17.9
TF
Kazakhstan
TF
3,143
2,991
4,560
..
-7.4
..
VF
Kyrgyzstan
VF
319
855
2,849
..
-7.4
..
..
9.8
-1.3
7.6 -11.7 -13.9 -20.4
6.8
6.8
8.7
8.4
4.6
2.2
4.0
-2.8
5.1
7.7
3.9
0.4
-3.2
6.7
6.7
14.7
-0.8
4.2
9.7
5.9
3.7
4.3
22.9
16.7
3.6
0.8
2.6
5.5
2.0
7.6
7.8
-10.6
-5.9
0.9
1.8
5.5
-7.5
7.3
-2.1
8.2
10.5
7.6
7.3
8.4
7.0
14.0
20.2
21.0
14.3
2.4 -12.9
23.8
-3.1
1,843
2,024
20.0
9.8
TCE
2,063
..
2.5
..
TCE
TF
15,200
12,470
16,000
16,728
1.3
4.6
TF
3.3
5.9
5.4
3.2
67
64
94
94
-1.8
0.5
TCE
-6.9
4.1
1.9
0.8
15.3
17.0
21.4
11.1
16.0
2.2
3.3
-3.1
TCE
Romania
TCE
1,430
1,343
1,912
2,235
11.5
16.9
TCE
TF
19,940
20,262
29,848
31,346
5.3
5.0
VF
Slovakia
TF
6,184
5,415
..
..
..
..
Tajikistan
VF
..
160
213
414
2.5
94.0
TF
Ukraine
TF
17,631
21,203
12,712
12,428
-48.5
-2.2
TF
Uzbekistan
TF
242
975
..
..
..
..
TF
156,417
173,258
214,849
225,053
6.9
4.7
TF
628
2,191
3,341
3,784
16.9
13.3
TF
2,418
1,808
2,363
2,670
1.5
13.0
TF
12.9
217
365
536
678
1.5
26.5
TCE
7.8
19.5
25.0
5.9
TCE
Croatia
TCE
7,743
9,111
11,623
12,683
6.2
9.1
TCE
17.0
Cyprus
TF
2,470
2,173
2,441
2,659
1.5
8.9
TF
32.4
197
262
425
486
6.4
14.2
TCE
11.0
Greece
TF
14,765
15,007
22,033
23,599
23.0
7.1
TF
-11.0
Israel
TF
1,903
2,803
2,927
2,800
-1.2
-4.3
TF
0.5
Italy
TF
36,513
43,626
48,576
50,732
1.8
4.4
TF
5.7
Malta
TF
1,171
1,339
1,690
1,791
6.8
6.0
TF
12.9
1,088
1,350
1,560
2.0
15.5
TCE
11.8
9.7
TCE
6.3 -27.7
TCE
Montenegro
TCE
Portugal
TCE
5,956
6,832
9,277
10,176
San Marino
THS
50
60
75
54
Serbia
TCE
683
1,029
1,132
11.6
Slovenia
TCE
1,555
1,869
2,411
..
6.7
Spain
TF
55,914
52,677
64,939
68,215
7.0
5.0
Turkey
TF
24,193
31,364
39,811
..
5.3
..

Annex16
10.1
29.7
5.7
19.8
20.8
6.1
VF
Bosnia & Herzg.
TCE
19.2
-1.7
2.4
9.0
1,373
FYR Macedonia
4.5
-3.8
1,507
Andorra
-8.2
3.3
0.1
1,116
Albania
0.8
4.0
7.3
2,000
-0.6
4.2
TF
TCE
10.5
6.8
TF
Rep. Moldova
0.1
6.6
Lithuania
Russian Federation
2.0
11.8
-11.1 -11.1 -14.2 -14.2
Latvia
Poland
2.5
-12.2 -22.8
TF
VF
-0.6 -15.7
12.9
32.4
13.8
10.4
4.2
11.5
8.1
24.3
16.3
30.1
17.5
4.9
14.7
40.6
-7.8 -14.9
0.5
-1.6
2.3
0.7
5.7
12.9
14.2
9.7
6.3
4.2
8.0
15.3
11.3
18.8
14.2
1.0
4.7
3.6
1.6
3.5
-6.6
8.1
-0.9
0.9
5.1
2.1
2.3
-4.4
9.3
7.4
12.1
16.0
26.7
20.5
25.2
6.2
4.4
4.2
3.7
15.5
21.1
24.3
98.6
98.6
33.6
150
6.3
4.1
4.2
5.2
1.3
19.4
12.7
11.6
9.3
19.6
19.7
5.6
11.5
-3.8
7.7
30.3
30.1
31.3
11.6
11.6
9.6
13.9
24.4
6.8
10.1
3.0
0.1
4.6
14.3
16.2
3.6
9.0
16.9
7.1
32.7
37.8
14.0
10.6
19.9
8.8
1.8
12.2
18.9
45.6
15.0
2.6
-2.1
0.7
-4.0
-9.3
-15.9 -18.0
30.7
-0.4
5.0
-4.6
-3.1
5.7
4.0
6.6
2.0
6.1
9.7
1.1
7.3
4.2
4.5
10.1
10.5
9.8
9.6
16.7
10.8
17.1
10.6
4.6
11.5
25.5
10.1
8.9
9.5
11.0
12.2
7.0
13.3
-35.1 -34.9 -28.7
-6.1 -21.7
-5.5
17.3
TCE
18.5
18.5
22.5
25.3
10.6
11.8
14.0
9.6
5.0
2.0
0.5
12.8
.. TCE*
19.6
19.6
15.3
13.7
28.4
10.5
11.1
13.8
7.8
5.1
4.7
14.3
TF
13.9
13.9
11.2
13.7
16.1
4.7
3.6
3.4
9.4
9.7
10.7
7.6
TF*
-9.9
-9.9
-5.7
-9.8 -12.8
4.0
-5.1
0.8
-2.6
-2.0
-0.2
-6.3

International Tourism Receipts by (sub)region and selected countries and territories of destination
Full year (US$)
2005
2010
2012
2013
2014
2015*
13/12 14/13 15*/14 2016*
(million) Series
(%)
(%)
Europe
351,370
412,262
455,749
492,921
512,925
448,126
- of which EU-28
302,193
344,178
375,375
406,028
426,665
370,604
54,045
59,931
68,530
75,570
82,574
75,391
Denmark
5,278
5,853
6,542
7,028
7,632
6,623
4.2
8.5
4.0
Finland
2,186
3,051
3,881
4,050
3,594
2,780
0.9 -11.3
-7.4
Iceland
413
561
863
1,077
1,362
1,579
21.9
20.9 31.0
Northern Europe
YTD
2015*
Q1
Jan
Feb
Mar
Q1
Q2
4.2
Q3
Q4
4.1
3.1
4.6
-13.5 -14.9
-2.0
0.0
31.3
27.9
33.7
22.0
34.1
Ireland
4,806
4,118
3,883
4,476
4,857
4,793
11.5
8.5 18.2
9.9
18.5
19.2
Norway
3,495
4,707
5,442
5,642
5,639
4,952
4.7
7.2 12.4
7.9
14.2
15.7
9.7
Sweden
6,790
8,671
10,613
11,544
12,856
12,247
4.6
17.3 17.1
18.3
14.5
18.0
17.9
-3.4
12.1
-5.4 -12.1
United Kingdom
31,076
32,971
37,307
41,753
46,634
Western Europe
121,469
142,318
156,230
166,849
172,952
42,417 sa
13.1
6.1
-2.0
146,387
Austria
16,054
18,596
18,894
20,236
20,824
18,303
3.6
2.9
5.2
5.4
8.1
7.4
-0.4
Belgium
9,868
11,425
12,520
13,274
13,921
11,736
2.6
4.8
0.9
1.1
3.6
0.5
-1.3
France
44,021
47,013
53,640
56,572
57,438
45,920
2.0
1.5
-4.3
-0.3
-3.5
3.1
-9.6
-4.1
-4.0
0.1
Germany
29,173
34,679
38,136
41,279
43,321
36,867
4.7
4.9
1.9
-3.1
-7.0
1.5
5.4
3.4
1.1
-1.5
-7.1
Luxembourg
3,523
4,149
4,641
4,950
5,314
4,161
3.2
7.3
-6.2
-15.0
-2.2
-1.5
Netherlands
8,810
11,732
12,294
13,759
14,696
13,201
8.3
6.8
7.6
9.3
7.1
7.8
6.7
Switzerland
10,020
14,724
16,103
16,779
17,439
16,198
3.0
2.7
-2.4
-2.2
-2.4
-2.5
-2.6
32,844
48,314
57,209
60,973
58,233
50,337
223
646
817
880
966
936 $
7.7
9.7
-3.1
-6.4
-0.9
-1.3
-5.1
78
657
2,433
2,365
2,432
2,309 $
-2.8
2.8
-5.0
17.6 -21.5
734 $
15.6
9.6 -15.4
Armenia
Azerbaijan
13.7 -23.0
Belarus
253
440
685
791
868
Bulgaria
2,412
3,407
3,519
3,837
3,908
3,146
5.5
1.9
-3.6
3.9
-4.7
-5.8
1.8
Czech Republic
4,813
7,172
7,456
7,042
6,822
6,048
-5.6
2.9
4.9
3.0
7.9
5.3
3.5
Estonia
975
1,073
1,226
1,629
1,814
1,521
28.5
11.4
0.4
-5.8
-0.7
3.4
2.6
Georgia
241
659
1,411
1,720
1,787
1,936 $
21.9
3.9
8.3
-2.9
7.1
14.2
9.0
Hungary
4,101
5,628
5,061
5,366
5,884
5,344
5.4
14.0
9.1
10.1
4.9
14.4
5.4
701
1,005
1,347
1,522
1,467
1,625 $
-3.6 10.7
8.1
3.6
5.3
28.2
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
13.0
73
160
434
530
423
.. $
Latvia
343
642
747
864
956
895
11.9
Lithuania
923
967
1,322
1,375
1,384
1,147
0.6
0.6
6,307
9,576
10,985
11,344
11,234
9,728
0.2
Poland
Rep. Moldova
21.9 -20.2
-11.1 -15.5 -17.7 -15.9

5.9
-0.3
-1.6
-1.8
11.9
13.7
12.0
-0.7
5.9
-5.8
-1.5
2.1
-1.6
3.7
3.6
2.5
3.9
4.7
1.4
-8.3
-12.1 -11.2
-4.9
-6.4
39.7
1.1
3.8
19.2
103
163
198
226
229
210 $
13.6
1,061
1,140
1,468
1,590
1,832
1,705
4.8
15.2 11.5
-21.2
Russian Federation
5,870
8,831
10,759
11,988
11,759
8,465 $
11.4
-1.9 -28.0
-25.8 -25.8
Slovakia
1,210
2,233
2,299
2,556
2,578
2,363
7.6
Ukraine
3,125
3,788
4,842
5,083
1,612
1,082 $
5.0 -68.3 -32.9
28
121
..
..
..
..
176,011
143,013
161,699
173,780
189,529
199,166
Albania
854
1,613
1,464
1,473
1,705
Bosnia & Herzg.
521
594
619
686
707
1,500
656
0.8
-3.4
16.0
5.4
13.0
6.1
3.5
1.8
3.2 11.0
22.3
12.2
13.5
-1.6
7.2
8,675
9,524
9,865
8,833
5.0
2.8
7.6
2,599
2,893
2,846
2,479
7.7
-1.7
4.3
2.5
234
267
295
13,416
16,140
17,793
267
15,673
2.5
8.3
12.4
11.1 13.9
2.8
10.7
10.4
6.7
-5.6
-4.7
9.5
9.5
5.2
-3.9
-16.7 -15.7
13.0
2.0
-6.7
5,098
5,445
5,666
5,695
4.1
0.5
-5.8
6.4
1.3 12.5
41,185
43,912
45,488
39,681
3.1
3.6
4.5
3.8
4.5
755
1,079
1,270
1,404
1,522
1,368
6.9
8.4
7.6
Slovenia
10.3
5.5
38,786
276
732
826
884
906
902
3.5
7,712
10,077
11,056
12,284
13,808
12,606
7.5
12.4
9.3
3.4
308
798
906
1,053
1,139
11.9
9.0
9.5
20.4
1,048
6.5
11.2
10.5
3,312
Serbia
7.5
-8.1
10.2
35,398
Portugal
7.3
4.9
9.9
Italy
Montenegro
12.7
16.4
Israel
Malta
5,365 $
10.3
..
8,075
197
13.4
..
2,129
12,742
8.1
..
7,380
89
14.1
-26.5 -28.0 -28.4 -29.0

5.9
2,318
13,349
-21.2
11.3
-54.0 -26.7 -21.6 -27.6
Cyprus
Greece
15.9 22.9
9.7
Croatia
FYR Macedonia
8.5
..
10.6 12.2
Romania
Uzbekistan
3.8
3.0
2.5 19.1
5.2
6.0
4.3
1.9
9.2
12.0
7.7
0.6
18.7
13.7
12.1
20.7
9.5
14.7
10.6
8.2
6.2
22.3 18.2
3.9
5.3
12.8
12.6
-2.1
1,805
2,552
2,580
2,709
2,733
2,491
1.6
0.9
9.1
4.6
4.3
4.9
5.3
17.4
9.3
3.4
Spain
49,747
54,641
58,159
62,637
65,111
56,526
4.2
3.9
4.0
3.4
1.3
5.8
2.6
3.1
3.1
7.6
Turkey
19,191
22,585
25,345
27,997
29,552
26,616 $
10.5
5.6
-9.9
-15.7

Annex17
-15.9 -15.5
0.3 -15.9
-6.2 -15.5

Full year
Change
Series
2005
2010
2014
2015* 14/13 15*/14 Series 2016*

(1000)
153,990 205,505 264,278 278,622
North-East Asia
(%)
YTD
5.7
5.4
2015*
Q1
Jan
Feb
8.3
8.1
8.1
4.7
Mar
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Oct Nov
Dec
8.5
4.4
5.3
5.0
5.9
5.3
6.3
8.5
7.6
4.5
4.6
1.6
6.4
8.0
6.6
4.5
0.8
9.6
2.1
4.1
1.6
1.3
2.8
3.8
-2.5
-1.1
3.2
-1.0
-5.2
6.0
85,932 111,508 136,276 142,075
7.3
4.3
TF
46,809
55,665
-0.1
2.3
Hong Kong (China)
TF
14,773
20,085
27,770
26,686
8.2
-3.9
TF
-8.9
-3.5
-4.1
-6.7
Japan
VF
6,728
8,611
13,413
19,737
29.4 47.1
VF
39.3
39.3
52.0
36.4
31.7
43.7
48.0
53.7 42.8
Korea (ROK)
VF
6,023
8,798
14,202
13,232
16.6
-6.8
VF
12.1
12.1
17.5
7.2
12.2
12.1
-7.8 -28.3
3.7
5.0
2.9
Macao (China)
TF
9,014
11,926
14,566
14,308
2.1
-1.8
TF
9.0
9.0
5.3
7.9
14.1
-9.8
-3.4
5.9
3.3
0.4 14.2
-6.7
-3.7
5.4 -10.3
15.1
12.6
20.1
5.4
1.5
5.5
8.7
9.5
9.4
7.4
6.9
9.0
3.8
6.5
9.7
5.1
1.8
5.7
7.5
China
55,622
56,886
TF
-3.5 -14.2
Mongolia
TF
339
456
393
386
-6.0
-1.7
TF
-7.9
-7.9
VF
3,378
5,567
9,910
10,440
23.6
5.3
VF
16.0
16.0
48,971
70,473
97,263 104,236
3.0
7.2
South-East Asia
7.9
0.1
43.8 41.0 43.4

2.8
Brunei
TF
126
214
201
..
-10.6
..
TF
Cambodia
TF
1,333
2,508
4,503
4,775
7.0
6.1
TF
2.7
1.2
4.2
3.1
6.5
4.6
9.6
4.7
8.1 14.8
Indonesia
TF
5,002
7,003
9,435
10,407
7.2 10.3
TF
4.5
3.6
5.3
11.2
8.4
13.2
8.5
8.5
9.4
7.8
Laos
TF
672
1,670
3,164
..
15.4
10.9
17.0
7.5
4.7 15.0
3.0
Malaysia
TF
16,431
24,577
27,437
25,721
5.5
Myanmar
TF
660
792
3,081
4,681
Philippines
TF
2,623
3,520
4,833
5,361
3.2 10.9
TF
16.7
13.2
20.4
Singapore
TF
7,079
9,161
11,864
12,052
-0.3
1.6
VF
12.3
12.7
11.9
Thailand
TF
11,567
15,936
24,810
29,881
-6.5 20.4
TF
15.5
15.0
16.0
Timor-Leste
TF
..
40
60
..
Vietnam
VF
Oceania
17.2
..
VF
6.7
-6.3
TF
-8.6 -10.3
-3.8
-2.3
-7.3
-5.9
50.7 51.9
TF
16.8
7.8
16.0 14.1
8.8
7.7 25.2
6.3
9.3
17.3 11.3
14.9
5.5 13.4
-6.1
-0.5
5.8
4.5
3.6
5.2
4.7
22.8
36.9
24.9
3.7
1.0
5.1
4.7
8.7
5.2
2.5
-13.7
-8.5
7.3 23.4
15.2 39.3 15.8
8.5
5.6
6.7
6.8
-0.5
-0.1
-6.4
-24.3
..
VF
VF
3,478
5,050
7,874
7,944
4.0
0.9
10,919
11,387
13,243
14,182
6.0
7.1
3.8
..
TF
22.5
TF
24
23
22
..
Australia
VF
5,463
5,790
6,868
7,429
7.6
8.2
VF
11.7
Cook Islands
TF
88
104
121
125
0.3
3.0
TF
17.2
Fiji
TF
545
632
693
755
5.3
9.0
TF
French Polynesia
TF
208
154
181
184
9.9
1.8
Guam
TF
1,228
1,197
1,343
1,409
0.6
4.9
9.1
32.8
10.3
9.0
10.5
15.0
5.1
TF
0.0
0.0
TF
11.0
9.1
12.9
0.7
10.2 -12.3
TF
..
..
..
..
VF
TF
..
..
..
..
TF*
Micronesia FSM
TF
19
45
35
..
-15.8
..
TF
N.Mariana Islands
VF
507
379
460
479
4.7
4.1
VF
-0.4
New Caledonia
TF
101
99
107
114
-0.5
6.3
TF
5.2
New Zealand
TF
2,353
2,435
2,772
..
5.4
..
VF
13.2
Niue
TF
..
5.2
..
TF
34.0 15.0
TF
Palau
TF
81
86
141
162
Papua New Guinea
TF
69
140
182
..
Samoa
TF
102
122
120
133
Solomon Islands
TF
21
20
22
-17.9
7.3
TF
Tonga
TF
42
47
50
54
4.7
6.6
Tuvalu
TF
..
8.8
..
Vanuatu
TF
-1.2 -17.3
TF
TF
20.9
13.6
Marshall Islands
Bangladesh
14.9
12.0
15.4
24.2
Kiribati
South Asia
22.5
10.4
American Samoa
4.6
15.5
..
TF
4.1 10.8
VF
17.2
17.2
5.2
13.2
13.6
8.7
18.0
9.2
9.3
9.2
4.9
7.9
9.8
-2.8
3.0
2.6
7.6
11.9
7.4
9.7
9.9
8.4
7.1
7.4 10.9
-1.2
-0.5
7.7
0.5
0.1
7.1
3.2
0.6
4.5 11.1
-22.3 -15.9
-0.4
8.6
6.9 10.8 11.2

0.2
9.3
-5.3
8.0 14.7 10.5
-4.9
5.7
18.2
-4.7
-0.9
11.1
-3.2
-8.4
9.3
14.0
5.5
0.2
-1.2
-0.7
2.2
10.7
8.0
8.4 10.3
8.9 11.1 10.5
5.3 -11.7
5.2 -18.5 -18.6
62.9
-16.7 -16.7 -10.9 -20.5 -18.1
1.9
-1.0
5.3
-0.2
9.0
12.9
4.2 19.6
-2.8 38.7 26.6
TF
5.9
11.2
2.2
-1.4
1.8 15.7
TF
-78.4
-0.5 -20.7
-5.5 -26.9 -20.3 -13.5 -19.0
-9.0 -11.3
9.7
3.8
5.6
62
97
109
90
12,138
17,495
18,130
9.6
3.6
208
303
125
..
-15.5
..
TF
12.7
30.1
-5.4
-7.5
8,168
12.7
46.6
-8.3
10.4
11.0
6.3
7.7
4.0
12.3
1.3
-3.9
9.7
4.8
Bhutan
TF
14
41
133
..
14.9
..
TF*
-22.4
India
TF
3,919
5,776
7,679
8,016
10.2
4.4
TF
10.0
10.0
6.8
11.3
12.1
3.5
4.1
6.6
3.8
1.7
6.5
Iran
VF
1,889
2,938
4,967
..
4.2
..
VF
Maldives
TF
395
792
1,205
1,234
7.1
2.4
TF
4.3
4.3
11.7
0.1
2.4
2.6
-0.3
3.6
3.7
-4.4
0.5 15.0
Nepal
TF
375
603
790
539
Pakistan
TF
798
907
965
..
Sri Lanka
TF
549
654
1,527
1,798
22.1
22.1
24.3
19.4
22.8
13.6
14.8

(1) Air arrivals only
Annex18
-24.3 -21.6
3.4
6.7
47.4 -15.2 -46.2 -16.7 -14.4 -12.9 -26.8

3.1
-0.9 -31.8 VF(1)

70.8
..
TF
19.8 17.8
TF
27.9 14.9
8.8 20.4 15.4

Full year (US$)
2005
2010
2012
2013
2014
2015*
13/12 14/13 15*/14 2016*
(million) Series
140,699 275,682 358,001 396,637 420,074 418,909
North-East Asia
69,133 148,338 194,811 219,375 237,965 236,328
(%)
YTD
Q1
Jan
Feb
Q1
Q2
8.3
17.1
20.6
-6.6
-3.7
-3.4
-8.4 -10.6
64.0
53.6
58.2
15.8
-4.3 -34.4 -23.8
China
29,296
45,814
50,028
51,664 105,380 114,109 $
Hong Kong (China)
10,294
22,200
33,074
38,934
38,376
35,855
17.7
-1.5
6,630
13,199
14,576
15,131
18,853
24,983
27.0
35.3 51.4
39.4
53.7 27.3
8.9
21.9 -14.3
7.3
2.6 12.0
19.8
-1.1 -26.5
Japan
Korea (ROK)
5,806
10,328
13,429
14,629
17,836
15,285 $
Macao (China)
6,888
22,151
35,911
43,023
42,552
31,303
Mongolia
South-East Asia
177
244
442
189
173
4,977
8,721
11,770
12,323
14,614
35,002
68,547
Brunei
191
..
92
..
..
Cambodia
840
1,519
2,462
2,659
2,953
Indonesia
4,522
6,958
8,324
9,119
10,261
Laos
3.3 104.0
(%)
2015*
205 $ -57.2
14,406 $
4.7
-8.8 18.7
18.6
Mar
Q3
Q4
17.7 -12.1
34.8
-28.7 -30.7 -26.0 -19.1

32.7
43.7 20.9
-1.4
-5.4
12.8
19.1
45.0
-0.4
-3.4
-2.2
0.3
95,755 107,886 108,099 108,826
147
382
506
596
642
Malaysia
8,847
18,115
20,250
21,496
22,595
Myanmar
67
72
539
959
1,612
.. $
..
..
..
7.9
11.3
6.9
8.4
15.1
5.4
0.5
10,654 $
9.6
12.5
3.8
5.6
1.8
5.7
2.1
.. $
17.8
7.7
..
8.3
9.2
-7.1
-9.0
-9.6
-4.6
-5.0
.. $
77.9
68.2
..
77.3
5,276 $
3,134
17,597
Philippines
2,287
2,645
4,061
4,690
5,030
15.5
7.3
4.9
0.3
-2.5
31.1
-2.8
Singapore
6,209
14,178
18,796
19,209
19,134
16,743
2.3
0.9
-5.0
-12.1
-8.2
1.2
-0.7
Thailand
9,576
20,104
33,855
41,780
38,423
44,553
22.1
-2.7 22.0
22.1
40.6
25.4
7.8
..
31
21
29
35
51 $
36.9
22.0
45
70.4
64.4
41.6
13.1
2,300
4,450
6,850
7,250
7,330
7,301 $
5.8
1.1
-0.4
26,607
38,725
43,155
42,764
44,618
42,251
16,748
28,598
31,947
31,261
31,935
29,413
4.9
9.4 10.5
11.3
10.3
7.4
13.0
91
111
168
168
175
..
-1.2
3.0
Fiji
485
634
726
716
744
749
1.4
8.7
12.3
12.0
10.8
French Polynesia
530
406
435
458
510
..
1.9
28.4
31.5
36.2
11.6
8.2
-3.5
7.4
2.0
-3.4
-1.1 -15.6
-9.5
Timor-Leste
Vietnam
Oceania
Australia
Cook Islands
Kiribati
.. $
Marshall Islands
..
..
10.2
-3.2
..
4.7
27.2
..
16
24
22
24
25
..
7.3
5.5
..
New Caledonia
149
129
165
168
184
..
-1.7
9.3
..
6,473
6,522
7,128
7,396
8,424
8,910
2.5
12.6 25.8
60
73
105
113
127
7.9
12.3
..
..
75.7 -17.8
..
73
123
148
136
146
137
-7.1
8.0
3.1
44
54
61
55
47
11.3
-7.9
-8.1
Tonga
15
27
44
45
..
..
6.0
..
..
Tuvalu
..
..
..
..
..
18.9 -10.3
..
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Samoa
Solomon Islands
Vanuatu
South Asia
85
217
241
287
257
9,957
20,073
24,281
26,613
29,392
.. $
.. $
..
86
113
151
84
..
45.3 -42.5
..
Bangladesh
75
87
103
129
153
.. $
25.1
..
Bhutan
19
35
61
83
84
93 $
36.1
1.2 10.7
-23.1 -10.4
15.9 13.0 17.1 17.8
3.6
-1.7 11.3
2.0
-10.7 17.4
16.7
13.9
3.0
11.1
41.7 22.6
21.8
24.3 19.4
18.3
19.6
33.2
19.6
17,971
18,397
19,700
14.0
14.5
3.8
2,438
2,345
3,076
3,483
.. $
31.2
13.2
..
Maldives
826
1,713
1,958
2,335
2,696
2,645 $
19.3
15.4
-1.9
Nepal
132
343
352
438
478
480
36.1
16.6
3.7
Pakistan
182
305
339
288
283
315 $ -15.0
Sri Lanka
429
576
1,039
1,715
2,431
65.1
-9.2
15.9
14,490
2,981 $
4.8
-11.5 -17.9
791
Annex19
14.2
-16.1
7,493
21,013
19.2
Iran
14.2
31,503
Afghanistan
India
17.4 15.7
6.6 11.1
11.4
Micronesia FSM
New Zealand
16.5
..
49.8 -10.2 -12.3 -11.7
51.7
7.0
5.7
0.0
1.9 -12.1 -20.6

Full year
Change
Series
2005
2010
2014
2015* 14/13 15*/14 Series 2016*

(1000)
Americas
North America
(%)
YTD
2015*
Q1
Jan
Feb
Mar
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Oct Nov
Dec
133,317
150,195
181,857
190,998
8.5
5.0
6.6
5.8
7.4
7.9
4.4
4.1
4.5
5.5
4.6
3.5
89,891
99,520
120,904
126,161
9.7
4.3
5.1
4.5
5.8
5.1
5.6
3.7
3.2
3.8
2.8
3.1
7.2
7.5
5.2
9.0
9.1
12.8 10.3
14.4
9.0
8.8
Canada
TF
18,771
16,219
16,537
17,783
3.0
7.5
TF
13.5
10.3
16.5
7.0
8.3
Mexico
TF
21,915
23,290
29,346
32,145
21.5
9.5
TF
10.8
10.9
10.7
7.0
8.2
United States
TF
TF
3.9
4.0
7.2
6.9
7.5
7.5
7.0
8.4
7.4
9.7
6.7
6.6
TF
7.7
7.7
6.0
-2.0
9.0
0.9
27.1
-3.0
-3.0
0.7
9.3
11.4
8.6
8.5
17.7 13.5
7.8
Caribbean
Anguilla
TF
49,206
60,010
75,022
..
7.2
..
18,803
19,539
22,287
23,907
5.4
7.3
62
62
71
73
2.7
3.2
2.5
Antigua & Barbuda
TF
245
230
249
250
Aruba
TF
733
825
1,072
1,225
0.5
TF
13.5
9.5 14.3
TF
3.1
Bahamas
TF
1,608
1,370
1,427
1,472
Barbados
TF
548
532
521
592
Bermuda
TF
270
232
224
220
-5.1
4.5
3.1
TF
7.5
0.5
2.4 13.6
TF
15.0
13.4
14.9 11.3
16.5 15.2
TF
5.4
-1.8
-2.2
15.2
-5.7
-2.0
13.5
13.9
10.1
16.4
3.1
-6.4
0.3
20.2
12.2
12.6 12.7
5.7
-1.4
-3.6
-0.9
12.6
-6.7
3.8
-0.2
1.7
1.5
6.4 14.1
-7.6
-2.7
5.7
-3.2
-1.4
0.8
7.1
-1.7
24.3 15.6
TF
337
330
386
393
5.4
1.8
TF
Cayman Islands
TF
168
288
383
385
10.8
0.7
TF
-3.7
-4.7
-8.4
-1.9
6.5
Brit. Virgin Islands
1.2
1.8
0.2
Cuba
TF
2,261
2,507
2,970
3,491
5.0 17.5
VF
12.7
12.7
14.2
18.4
Curaao
TF
222
342
455
468
3.1
3.1
TF
-1.7
-1.7
11.6
-1.2
0.9
Dominica
TF
79
77
82
74
4.1
-8.6
TF
1.1
-2.2
-3.2 -29.3 -46.3 -15.8 -18.8
Dominican Rep.
TF
3,691
4,125
5,141
5,600
9.6
8.9
TF
11.6 10.2
Grenada
TF
99
110
134
141
14.7
5.4
TF
..
..
Guadeloupe
TCE
372
392
..
..
Haiti
TF
112
255
465
516
Jamaica
TF
1,479
1,922
2,080
2,123
Martinique
TF
484
476
490
Montserrat
TF
10
Puerto Rico
TF
3,686
3,186
3,246
..
1.4
..
Saint Lucia
TF
318
306
338
345
6.1
2.0
TF
TF
10.8 10.9
7.0
7.0
7.7
8.4
5.2
7.4
6.8
4.8
8.1
6.5
1.1
21.0 12.5 15.0

-1.3
-1.1
14.5
7.9
2.5
-9.6
2.5 13.1
TF
TF
10.4
24.7
4.2
6.9
11.9 11.7
1.1
1.7
4.2
5.0
1.1
1.0
1.1
-1.0
0.4
3.0
10.5
9.5
11.5
-4.6
-1.0
2.6
3.2
-3.1
3.7
6.5
-15.0
-15.0
-3.5
-4.1
19.3
-0.4
12.0 -12.3
0.4
3.1
8.3
4.5
7.7
7.2
8.2
7.8
-2.8
6.4
4.2
-1.5
-1.7
4.1
-4.1
-3.8
3.6
2.1
487
0.0
-0.4
TF
22.2
1.6
TF
-2.8
2.9
THS
St. Kitts & Nevis
TF
141
98
113
118
5.6
4.4
TF
468
443
500
505
7.1
1.1 TF(1)
7.3
1.0
3.1
5.8
5.9
5.2
6.2
-3.1
2.6
6.4
0.6
15.3
1.0
-7.8
St. Vincent & Gren.
TF
96
72
71
76
-1.4
7.3
TF
3.4
3.4
5.9
-2.7
9.8 15.8
Trinidad & Tobago
TF
463
388
413
440
-5.0
6.6
TF
13.2
13.2
11.3
7.1
4.5
3.4
0.1 11.3
Turks & Caicos
TF
176
281
357
386
22.9
8.1
TF
9.9
6.1
6.3
9.7
6.7
US Virgin Islands
TF
594
590
602
..
5.6
6,301
7,908
9,592
10,277
5.6
7.1
9.2
THS
St. Maarten
Central America
5.5
.. VF(1)
15.6 17.6 14.8

0.1
1.5 17.8
-0.2
0.3
-0.7
5.4
8.0
3.0
1.3
2.6
0.3
1.3
4.8
3.5
6.3
6.8
6.1
8.5
7.2
7.4
8.0
6.4
Belize
TF
237
242
321
341
9.2
6.2
TF
-0.2
-3.0
6.9 25.8
22.1 33.0 22.5
Costa Rica
TF
1,679
2,100
2,527
2,660
4.1
5.3
TF
1.1
2.5
6.1 13.0
11.1 14.1 13.3
El Salvador
TF
1,127
1,150
1,345
1,402
4.9
4.2
TF
4.0
3.2
6.0
Guatemala
TF
..
1,219
1,455
..
9.3
..
TF
5.5
4.9
Honduras
TF
673
863
868
914
0.6
5.2
TF
5.5
-6.3
Nicaragua
TF
712
1,011
1,330
1,386
8.2
4.3
TF
7.8
0.9
Panama
TF
702
1,324
1,745
2,109
5.2 20.9
TF
18,322
23,228
29,074
30,652
7.1
South America
5.4
4.4
6.3
-1.3 29.1
7.3
1.6
21.1
30.3
23.7 11.1
10.5 15.5
8.0
10.3
9.0
11.8
17.6
-4.3
1.4
9.9
9.0
1.7
5.6
-4.7
-9.0
18.6 22.9
-7.9
3,823
5,325
5,931
..
13.1
..
TF
TF
524
679
871
..
9.1
..
THS
Brazil
TF
5,358
5,161
6,430
6,306
10.6
-1.9
TF
Chile
TF
2,027
2,801
3,674
4,478
2.7 21.9
TF
35.0
Colombia
TF
933
2,385
2,565
2,978
12.1 16.1
TF
15.4
Ecuador
VF
860
1,047
1,557
1,542
14.1
-0.9
VF
French Guiana
TF
95
189
185
199
2.8
7.6
TF
Guyana
TF
117
152
206
207
2.9
0.5
TF
Paraguay
TF
341
465
649
1,215
6.4 87.2
TF
Peru
TF
1,571
2,299
3,215
3,456
1.6
7.5
TF
Suriname
TF
160
204
252
..
1.2
..
TF
Uruguay
TF
1,808
2,349
2,682
2,773
-0.1
3.4
TF
Venezuela
TF
706
526
857
..
-13.1
..
VF
Annex20
10.1
3.9
1.6
6.4
TF
(1) Non-resident air arrivals only
12.4 12.1
4.4
0.0
Argentina
6.8
3.0
Bolivia
3.7
56.0 -35.3 -28.7

35.0
6.0
13.7
30.3
38.6
16.3
14.5
2.2
13.7
12.4
37.7
9.9
13.7
16.1
6.2
-9.8
6.7
15.7
27.5
20.9 26.0
19.2 28.3 29.0
17.9
18.6
15.6 13.8
15.7 15.7 10.7
6.4
-0.9
-1.3
-7.6
-5.7
-4.7 -11.6
14.0
-6.0
-3.5
0.9
2.2
-0.2
21.6
31.9 214.9 76.3 146.7 20.1 71.1
8.3
7.4
7.6
-2.1
-1.7
-6.6
3.7
10.2
2.6
0.8
6.7
9.8
6.0
4.4
-0.8
-3.5
3.0
-1.3

Full year (US$)
2005
2010
2012
2013
2014
2015*
13/12 14/13 15*/14 2016*
(million) Series
Americas
(%)
(%)
YTD
2015*
Q1
Jan
Feb
Mar
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
165,011 214,934 249,160 264,342 274,014 277,237
North America
126,924 164,831 191,778 204,506 210,894 211,768
Canada
13,651
15,829
17,407
17,656
17,445
16,014
4.7
6.0
6.2
2.8
6.3
9.1
4.4
Mexico
11,803
11,992
12,739
13,949
16,208
17,457 $
9.5
16.2
7.7
6.8
6.6
7.1
9.0
9.0
6.2
6.4
101,470 137,010 161,632 172,901 177,241 178,297 sa
7.0
2.5
0.6
2.4
1.6
3.3
0.4
-0.9
1.9
1.0
-4.5
United States
Caribbean
Anguilla
20,883
22,805
24,327
25,372
26,787
28,437
86
99
113
121
123
127
7.4
1.7
2.8
5.8
-5.6
3.1
309
298
319
322
330
333
0.8
2.5
1.1
-5.1
1.0
1.0
9.4
Aruba
1,097
1,251
1,402
1,495
1,605
1,652
6.6
7.4
2.9
7.4
3.2
1.0
-0.5
Antigua & Barbuda

Bahamas
2,069
2,163
2,312
2,285
2,308
..
-1.2
1.0
..
8.1
0.1
-0.6
Barbados
896
1,034
918
964
950
..
5.0
-1.5
..
6.2
2.4
11.9
Bermuda
429
442
441
440
403
..
-2.9
-8.6
..
16.7
-1.4
-1.3
Brit. Virgin Islands
412
389
398
421
459
484 $
5.8
9.0
5.4
Cayman Islands
Cuba
Curaao
Dominica
Dominican Rep.
Grenada
Guadeloupe
Haiti
Jamaica
Martinique
Montserrat
356
485
489
500
565
..
2.2
13.0
..
2,322
2,187
2,326
2,325
2,367
..
0.0
1.8
..
-3.9
23.2
18.5
244
385
543
583
635
..
7.4
8.8
..
9.9
-1.8
-6.6
128
34.8
24.0
0.3
4.1
1.1
-1.0
-2.9
8.0
11.2
9.3
7.5
9.2
7.7
10.6
16.9
5.9
3.4
-2.7
57
94
76
103
127
3,518
4,163
4,687
5,064
5,630
71
112
122
119
128
137
-1.7
7.0
7.0
306
510
..
671
..
..
..
..
..
6,153 $
18.1
80
383
447
546
578
609 $
22.1
5.9
5.4
10.4
24.6
4.3
0.1
1,545
2,001
2,069
2,074
2,255
2,379 $
0.2
8.7
5.5
8.1
4.8
6.2
2.7
280
472
462
484
483
..
1.3
-0.2
..
-17.5
4.0
5.0
0.0
-1.1
23.0
-1.1
4.4
3.1
..
Puerto Rico
3,239
3,211
3,193
3,334
3,438
.. $
Saint Lucia
382
309
335
347
360
373
3.7
3.7
3.7
12.1
5.2
-5.5
-7.8
St. Kitts & Nevis
121
90
95
100
104
109
5.0
4.6
4.6
9.5
5.1
6.3
7.9
St. Maarten
659
674
842
857
914
..
1.9
6.6
..
104
3.0
3.7
3.7
3.1
-6.1
6.3
11.2
..
..
..
6.9
..
..
17.9
6.5
9.2
5.7
0.8
7.9
24.6
10.0
St. Vincent & Gren.
104
86
94
97
101
Trinidad & Tobago
453
450
..
..
..
US Virgin Islands
Central America
Belize
.. $
1,432
1,013
1,153
1,232
..
..
4,486
6,699
8,700
9,758
10,623
11,468
214
249
298
351
374
408
Costa Rica
1,671
1,999
2,313
2,786
3,061
3,284 $
20.5
9.8
7.3
7.0
8.8
3.3
El Salvador
361
390
558
621
822
817 $
11.3
32.3
-0.5
-0.6
-1.5
-2.7
2.6
Guatemala
791
1,378
1,419
1,481
1,564
1,580 $
4.4
5.6
1.0
2.7
4.7
-3.8
1.0
Honduras
463
626
679
608
630
650 $ -10.4
3.5
3.3
3.6
3.1
3.3
3.2
Nicaragua
206
313
421
417
445
529 $
-0.9
6.8 18.7
12.9
21.0
41.2
4.5
15.9
6.7 12.7
14.6
14.0
15.3
6.6
5.7 -10.1
-9.1
-9.6
-4.9 -29.8 -21.3
1.2
Panama
South America
Argentina
Bolivia
780
1,745
3,013
3,493
3,728
4,200
12,718
20,599
24,354
24,707
25,710
25,564
2,729
4,942
4,887
4,313
4,624
4,400 $ -11.7
7.2
-4.8
13.7
..
5.0
2.6
7.8
239
379
594
574
652
.. $
-3.4
Brazil
3,861
5,261
6,378
6,474
6,843
5,844 $
1.5
5.7 -14.6
Chile
1,109
1,645
2,150
2,181
2,259
2,408 $
1.4
3.6
6.6
5.2
11.8
3.0
7.4
Colombia
1,539
2,797
3,460
3,611
3,825
4,245 $
4.3
5.9 11.0
18.2
6.4
4.4
15.6
Ecuador
486
781
1,033
1,246
1,482
1,551 $
20.7
18.9
4.7
13.9
3.6
6.2
-4.3
Guyana
35
80
64
77
79
.. $
19.9
2.5
..
22.6 176.4
60.2
Paraguay
-7.1
14.7
14.4 15.0
78
217
265
273
288
484 $
3.1
1,308
2,008
2,443
3,009
3,077
3,320 $
23.2
2.3
7.9
8.0
8.0
8.7
Suriname
45
61
71
84
95
88 $
19.1
13.1
-8.0
0.0
1.4
-0.9 -35.1
Uruguay
594
1,509
2,076
1,921
1,757
1,777 $
-7.5
-8.6
1.1
7.6
9.0
Venezuela
650
831
844
858
643
.. $
1.7 -25.1
..
Peru

Annex21
5.7 67.9
15.8
22.3
-5.4
-5.4
0.6
-1.4 -22.4
-18.6 -15.1
6.9
3.6 -13.4
-7.4

Full year
Change
Series
2005
2010
2014
2015* 14/13 15*/14 Series 2016*
(1000)
(%)
2015*
Q1
Jan
Feb
Mar
Q1
Q2
-2.0
Q3
Q4
Oct Nov
Dec
Africa
34,780
50,447
54,902
53,286
-2.9
6.4
5.7
7.3
-5.0
-3.7
-2.0
-4.2
-1.2
-0.5
North Africa
Algeria
Morocco
Sudan
Tunisia
19,682
2,070
9,288
495
7,828
20,431
2,301
10,283
684
7,163
18,857
..
10,177
..
5,359
-1.4 -7.7
-15.8
..
2.4 -1.0
15.7
..
-2.6 -25.2
-5.9
-7.9
-3.7
-1.6 -10.4
-9.0
-7.8 -13.8
-5.8
-2.6
VF
TF
TF
TF
13,911
1,443
5,843
246
6,378
-1.5
-2.3
-0.8
-0.5
-4.7
-3.9
-2.5
-18.7 -18.7 -17.7 -10.0 -25.8
-14.2 -25.1 -32.5 -20.7 -30.4 -19.2
-9.8
30,765
425
199
1,973
274
142
569
336
54
71
15
194
252
81
51
84
468
..
91
931
12
1,470
414
196
746
169
935
1,718
984
74
1,555
421
504
8
900
175
39
8,074
868
754
202
946
815
2,239
34,470
595
242
..
191
..
..
494
..
122
..
373
471
..
..
..
770
..
156
1,093
33
1,261
..
222
..
168
1,039
1,661
1,320
135
..
406
926
..
836
233
44
9,549
..
1,113
282
1,266
947
1,880
34,429
..
..
..
..
..
..
520
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
35
1,114
..
..
..
..
1,152
..
..
135
..
..
..
..
..
276
24
8,904
..
..
..
..
..
2,057
1.4
-8.4
4.8
..
-12.4
..
..
-1.8
..
22.0
..
8.7
23.9
..
..
..
13.1
..
-8.9
10.0
-41.1
-12.0
..
13.2
..
18.3
4.6
-11.9
12.2
9.2
..
-2.5
7.2
..
-21.4
1.0
-46.2
0.1
..
4.7
-13.8
4.9
3.5
2.6
11.7
-2.1
-1.5
0.8
0.7
0.3
TF
TF
TF
THS
TF
TF
THS
TF
THS
TF
THS
VF
TF
TF
VF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
THS
TF
TF
VF
20,869
210
176
1,474
245
148
176
198
12
29
26
35
..
61
30
83
227
151
108
429
45
1,399
..
277
438
143
761
578
778
58
1,010
409
..
16
769
129
40
7,369
837
590
81
468
669
1,559
-1.2
4.6
15.8
5.2
Subsaharan Africa
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cabo Verde
Centr. African Rep.
Chad
Comoros
Congo
Cte d'Ivoire
Dem. Rep. Congo
Djibouti
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Kenya
Lesotho
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Reunion
Rwanda
So Tom & Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
South Africa
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
0.4
YTD
-0.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
5.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
6.1
-11.7
..
..
..
..
10.9
..
..
-0.1
..
..
..
..
..
18.7
-45.6
-6.8
..
..
..
..
..
9.4
VF
TF
TF
TF
11.3
TF
TF
TF
THS
TF
THS
THS
TF
THS
TF
THS
TF
TF
NHS
VF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
VF(1)
VF
TF
TF
TF
TF
12.5 12.5 14.3 10.5 12.5
THS
TF
TF
TF
TF
VF
TF
TF*
TF
10.4
7.7 12.4
TF 348.9 348.9 328.4 323.0 394.7
TF
16.5
15.4 18.0
VF
VF
THS
TF
TF
VF

(1) Visitor arrivals in the International Airports of Jomo Kenyatta (Nairobi) and Moi (Mombasa), as well as by cruise ships
Annex22
12.2
-4.8
3.4
-7.4
1.0
0.8
-4.4 -2.9
61.2 203.6 27.2 -47.4 -44.2 -54.9 -41.4
-30.8 -1.1 -13.4 0.2 23.0 4.6 -21.2
3.3
12.8
10.6
6.8
14.7 11.0
7.6 16.4
9.9
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
10.0
10.0
14.7 16.3
-79.4 -74.6
-5.9 -9.5
-2.2 -8.9
7.3
7.3
7.6
2.6 14.0
-0.1
27.7 16.5
13.6 98.3
-5.4 -6.4
-3.8 -5.9
8.5
8.5
-0.1
17.9 10.0 20.9

18.0 93.8 456
-8.8 -6.3 -4.5
8.6 -8.7 -14.1
8.5
8.5
8.5

Full year (US$)
2005
2010
2012
2013
2014
2015*
13/12 14/13 15*/14 2016*
(million) Series
Africa
22,286
31,183
34,913
35,560
36,169
33,183
7,037
9,662
9,919
10,063
10,640
8,553
184
220
217
250
258
4,621
6,703
6,703
6,849
7,056
Sudan
89
94
772
773
967
Tunisia
2,143
2,645
2,227
2,191
2,359
1,354
24,629
North Africa
Algeria
Morocco
Subsaharan Africa
.. $
5,998
949 $
(%)
(%)
15.1
3.3
..
-0.5
3.0
-1.3
0.2
25.1
-1.9
2.3
12.5 -33.7
15,249
21,521
24,994
25,497
25,529
Angola
88
719
706
1,234
1,589
Benin
103
149
170
189
151
..
Botswana
562
779
856
885
977
..
13.9
17.9
..
45
72
84
153
135
..
75.7 -11.8
..
Burkina Faso
Burundi
.. $
74.6
28.8
..
7.8 -20.1
..
..
70.4
78.8
..
Cameroon
175
159
349
576
..
..
59.5
..
..
Cabo Verde
123
278
414
462
405
351
7.9 -12.4
3.8
11
11
..
..
..
Centr. African Rep.
5.2
..
-49.6
..
..
Cte d'Ivoire
83
201
172
181
..
1.9
11
0.4
..
..
.. $
22.0 -95.8
..
-6.3
..
Djibouti
21
19
21
..
Ethiopia
168
522
607
621
351
394 $
Gambia
58
74
88
..
..
.. $
..
..
..
Ghana
836
620
914
853
897
.. $
Guinea
..
..
..
11.6
-6.7
5.1
..
..
..
..
..
153.2
19.6
..
17
21
..
881
811
702 $
-5.8
Lesotho
27
23
22
17
17
..
-19.8
.. $
67
12
..
..
91
..
..
..
307
559
574
..
..
40.6
66.6
..
29
31
31
28
31
..
33.5
10.8
..
148
205
142
178
212
..
21.9
18.8
..
..
..
48
41
36
.. $ -15.5 -10.5
..
Mauritius
871
1,282
1,477
1,321
1,447
-8.6
9.2 13.3
Mozambique
130
108
189
199
207
193 $
4.9
4.0
-6.7
Namibia
348
438
485
409
409
..
-0.9
12.4
..
Niger
43
105
50
58
90
..
12.2
55.0
..
Nigeria
54
576
559
542
543
404 $
-3.0
0.1 -25.6
Reunion
384
392
404
403
387
..
-3.5
-4.0
..
Rwanda
49
202
282
294
305
.. $
11
15
31
56
Mali
Mauritania
So Tom & Prncipe
1,432
4.2
3.8
..
.. $ 104.3
83.0
..
Senegal
248
453
407
439
423
..
4.3
-3.5
..
Seychelles
192
343
388
430
398
392 $
10.8
-7.5
-1.4
Sierra Leone
64
26
47
66
35
.. $
40.6 -47.4
..
South Africa
8,235 sa
7,508
9,070
9,994
9,238
9,348
Swaziland
77
51
30
13
15
Tanzania
824
1,255
1,713
1,880
2,010
Togo
8.7
13.7
3.6
.. $ -55.9
10.7
..
2,231 $
9.8
6.9 11.0
9.1
-0.1
20
66
111
125
125
..
Uganda
380
784
1,135
1,334
791
1,168 $
Zambia
447
492
518
552
642
.. $
6.5
16.3
..
99
634
749
856
827
.. $
14.3
-3.4
..
Zimbabwe

Annex23
-2.3
3.2 -11.1
..
183
Malawi
7.0
7.9 -10.9
-7.5 -19.7 -51.0 -40.6
2.3 -43.4 12.1
935
-6.8
-9.7
11.2
..
13
-7.2
10.2 -10.8
-8.4
..
..
800
Q4
-7.5 -15.6 -20.0
51
Q3
-0.6
48
38
579
Q2
-7.9 -13.4
42
73
Kenya
Q1
2.6
35
63
Madagascar
-4.8
Mar
180.8 -10.5 -16.7
24
Liberia
Feb
..
40
Guinea-Bissau
Jan
-4.6
..
Congo
..
-4.8
Q1
34.8
..
Comoros
Dem. Rep. Congo
YTD
2015*
15.6
7.8 25.4
9.7
3.1
-1.7
14.4
0.1
13.2
24.4
-9.1 -24.4
19.8 -12.4
47.7
38.8
35.7
-31.7 -21.2 -27.3 -22.1
-1.2 -10.6
-17.8
-4.3
10.9
10.0
12.5
-0.5
-1.9
4.5
24.5
21.2
7.6
-2.2
108.1 107.4
19.0
8.9
..
17.5 -40.7 47.7
Full year
Change
Series
2005
2010
2014
2015* 14/13 15*/14 Series 2016*
(1000)
Middle East
(%)
YTD
33,660
54,699
52,440
53,261
6.7
1.6
THS
1,237
995
838
..
-21.6
..
Egypt
TF
8,244
14,051
9,628
9,139
5.0
-5.1
VF
Iraq
VF
..
1,518
..
..
..
..
VF
-5.7
TF
Bahrain
Jordan
TF
2,987
4,207
3,990
3,761
1.1
Kuwait
THS
104
207
198
..
-35.4
Lebanon
TF
1,140
2,168
1,355
1,518
Oman
TF
891
1,441
1,519
..
Palestine
THS
88
522
556
432
2015*
Q1
Jan
Feb
Mar
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
-6.4 -11.0
-9.7
-8.9 -10.5
9.2
-4.3
4.6
-46.1
-46.3 -45.9
6.9
9.3
-5.0 -28.9
Oct Nov
-9.1
Dec
0.2
VF
-9.3 -37.8 -43.7
-9.5 -17.0
10.6
-7.2 -11.9
-7.5
-0.7
23.1
9.3
17.8
0.0
-1.3 12.2
-7.0
14.7
-1.4
45.6
5.8
-2.2
.. THS
6.3 12.1
TF
8.6
9.1
VF
9.6
..
8.6
4.1
14.4
6.8
12.4
7.8
1.9 -22.3 THS
-34.6 -33.7
2.7 16.4
18.7 -21.0 -19.8 -17.4 -27.1
Qatar
TF
913
1,700
2,826
2,930
8.2
3.7
TF
-2.2
-2.2
-2.4
-5.9
1.0
10.8
3.4
8.6
-7.9 -17.8
-3.4
Saudi Arabia
TF
8,037
10,850
18,260
17,994
15.8
-1.5
TF
-2.7
-2.7
-1.1
-1.7
-6.2
13.4 -15.3
0.8
-3.8 -30.1
-6.1 15.7
VF
Syria
TF
3,571
8,546
..
..
..
..
Utd Arab Emirates
THS
5,833
7,432
..
..
..
.. THS
Yemen
TF
336
1,025
..
..
..
..
-1.8
TF
(2) Dubai only
Full year (US$)
2005
2010
2012
2013
2014
2015*
13/12 14/13 15*/14 2016*
(million) Series
Middle East
Bahrain
Egypt
Iraq
26,599
52,150
48,118
46,562
51,523
920
1,362
1,051
1,165
1,197
6,851
12,528
9,940
6,047
7,208
(%)
(%)
2.7
..
YTD
2015*
Q1
Jan
Feb
Mar
Q1
Q2
..
10.8
6,065 $ -39.2
.. $
19.2 -15.9
-7.3
17.1 -17.5 -48.9
168
1,660
1,634
..
..
..
..
..
1,441
3,585
4,061
4,117
4,375
4,065
1.4
6.3
-7.1
Kuwait
164
290
425
298
369
..
-29.1
24.4
..
44.0
38.5
4.1
-2.8
5,532
7,995
6,836
6,492
6,523
-5.0
0.5
..
Libya
250
60
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Oman
429
780
1,095
1,295
1,352
..
18.3
4.4
..
.. $
Palestine
119
667
581
789
603
Qatar
760
584
2,857
3,456
4,591
5,035
21.0
4,622
6,712
7,432
7,651
8,238
10,130
2.9
Saudi Arabia
.. $
35.7 -23.6
Syria
1,944
6,190
..
..
..
..
..
Utd Arab Emirates
3,218
8,577
10,919
12,389
13,969
16,038
13.5
181
1,161
848
940
1,026
Yemen

Annex24
Q4
54,563
Jordan
Lebanon
Q3
.. $
10.8
32.8
-11.9 -18.9
-6.9
..
9.7
2.3
7.7 23.0
15.1
..
9.7
45.8
11.4
19.6
6.2
11.6 190.3 -39.0
..
12.7 14.8
9.2
..
IATA air passenger market detail, 2015

RPK
trillion share (%) world
Total Market
6.6
100
North America
1.6
24.7
Latin America
0.4
5.4
Europe
1.8
26.7
Asia and Pacific
2.1
31.5
Middle East
0.6
9.4
Africa
0.1
2.2
share (%) cat.
% change
6.5
4.3
6.8
5.1
8.7
10.1
3.1
ASK
% change
5.6
3.8
6.5
3.9
6.7
12.6
1.4
100
13.4
4.6
37.4
27.4
14.3
3.0
6.6
3.2
9.4
5.0
8.3
10.5
3.3
5.9
3.1
9.2
3.8
6.5
13.2
1.5
79.7
81.8
80.1
82.6
78.2
76.4
68.7
0.5
0.1
0.1
1.0
1.3
-1.8
1.2
Domestic (1)
2.4
36.4
100
6.4
United States
1.0
15.4
42.3
4.9
Brazil
0.1
1.4
3.8
0.9
Russian Federation
0.1
1.3
3.6
6.2
Australia
0.1
1.1
3.0
0.4
Japan
0.1
1.2
3.3
1.9
China P.R.
0.6
8.4
23.1
11.0
India
0.1
1.2
3.3
19.8
Other countries
0.4
6.4
17.6
Source: Compiled by UNWTO based on IATA Air passenger market analysis, January 2016
5.2
4.2
0.8
7.1
-0.2
0.1
9.4
10.2
81.5
85.4
80.0
74.5
76.7
67.2
81.3
83.2
0.9
0.6
0.1
-0.6
0.4
1.2
1.2
6.7
International
North America
Latin America
Europe
Asia and Pacific
Middle East
Africa
4.2
0.6
0.2
1.6
1.1
0.6
0.1
63.6
8.5
2.9
23.8
17.4
9.1
1.9
PLF
% change %p
80.4
0.6
84.0
0.4
79.9
0.2
81.7
0.9
78.6
1.4
76.7
-1.7
69.5
1.1
RPK: Revenue-Passenger-Kilometers; ASK: Available-Seat-Kilometers; PLF: Passenger-Load-Factor

Note: the total industry and regional growth rates are based on a constant sample of airlines combining reported data and estimates for missing
observations. Airline traffic is allocated according to the region in which the carrier is registered, it should not be considered as regional traffic.
(1) Note: the seven domestic passenger markets for which broken-down data are available account for 30% of global total RPKs
and approximately 82% of total domestic RPKs
System-wide global commercial airlines

EBIT margin, % revenues
2010
2011
2012
Global
4.9
3.1
2.6
Regions
North America
5.7
3.0
3.4
Latin America
5.1
2.0
1.5
Europe
2.4
0.8
0.7
Asia and Pacific
8.0
6.6
4.7
Middle East
3.7
3.1
3.0
Africa
1.7
0.6
-0.4
2013
3.5
2014*
5.5
2015f
7.7
2016f
8.2
6.8
2.2
2.0
2.9
0.9
-0.5
11.8
2.4
2.9
3.4
2.1
0.1
14.3
1.3
5.3
6.6
2.9
-1.7
14.2
3.2
6.4
6.9
3.2
-0.2
Net profits, US$ billion

2010
2011
2012
17.3
8.3
9.2
Source: Compiled by UNWTO based on data as reported by IATA in Economic performance of the airline industry
Note: Bankruptcy reorganization and large non-cash costs are excluded.
Annex25
4.2
1.0
1.9
9.2
0.9
0.1
1.7
0.2
0.3
5.0
1.0
0.0
2.3
-0.2
0.4
5.8
1.0
-0.1
2013
10.7
2014*
17.3
2015f
33.0
2016f
36.3
7.4
0.2
1.0
2.0
0.3
-0.1
11.2
0.2
2.9
2.1
0.9
0.0
19.4
-0.3
6.9
5.8
1.4
-0.3
19.2
0.4
8.5
6.6
1.7
-0.1
System-wide global commercial airlines (current prices)

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015F 2016F
Traffic volumes
Flights, million
Sched. passenger numbers, millions
Passenger growth, numbers, %
Passenger growth, rpk, %
23.8
24.9
25.5
26.7
26.5
25.9
27.8
30.1
31.2
32.0
33.0
34.4
36.5
1,975 2,135 2,254 2,452 2,489 2,479 2,681 2,858 2,989 3,143 3,327 3,545 3,782
8.1
5.6
8.8
1.5 -0.4
8.1
6.6
4.6
5.2
5.8
6.5
6.7
14.9
8.9
6.9
8.0
2.4 -1.2
8.0
6.3
5.3
5.7
6.0
6.7
6.9
Freight tonnes, millions

Cargo growth, ftk, %
36.2
11.6
36.5
2.3
38.8
6.3
41.1
4.7
39.8
-0.7
39.5
-8.8
47.0
19.4
48.1
0.4
47.4
-0.9
48.5
0.6
50.4
5.0
51.3
1.9
52.7
3.0
Revenues, US$ billion

% change
Passenger, US$ billion
Cargo, US$ billion
379
17.7
294
47
413
9.1
323
48
465
12.6
365
53
510
9.6
399
59
570 476
11.7 -16.5
444 374
63
48
564
18.4
445
66
642
14.0
512
67
706
9.8
531
64
720
2.1
539
61
758
5.2
557
63
710
-6.3
525
52
717
0.9
533
51
World economic growth, %

Passenger yield, %
Cargo yield %
4.0
2.8
3.9
3.5
1.0
0.5
4.0
6.6
4.4
4.0
1.7
5.6
1.5 -2.0
8.3 -13.7
7.0 -15.2
4.1
9.5
14.4
2.9
7.5
0.8
2.4
-1.4
-4.2
2.5
-3.9
-4.9
2.6
2.5
-2.5 -11.7
-2.0 -18.0
2.7
-5.0
-5.5
Expenses, US$ billion

% change (current prices)
376
16.2
409
8.9
450
10.1
490
8.8
571 474
16.5 -16.9
536
13.1
623
16.2
687
10.4
695
1.1
716
3.1
655
-8.5
658
0.5
Fuel, US$ billion

% of expenses
Crude oil price, Brent, US$/b
Jet kerosene price, US$/b
Fuel consumption, billion gallons
CO2 emissions, million tonnes
65
17.0
38
50
66
628
91
22.0
55
71
68
651
127
28.0
65
82
69
658
146
30.0
73
90
71
675
204
36.0
99
127
70
669
134
28.0
62
71
66
634
152
28.0
79
91
70
665
191
31.0
111
128
72
685
228
33.0
112
130
73
693
230
33.0
109
125
74
709
226
32.0
100
115
78
739
180
27.0
55
68
81
771
135
21.0
51
64
84
806
Non-fuel, US$ billion

Cents per atk (non-fuel unit cost)
% change
Capacity growth, atk, %
311
39
1.0
10.1
318
38
-3.4
6.1
324
37
-3.0
4.8
344
37
-0.3
6.6
367
38
3.9
2.7
340
37
-3.4
-4.2
384
40
9.1
3.7
431
42
5.8
6.0
460
44
3.5
3.0
465
43
-2.5
3.7
490
43
0.1
5.4
476
39
-8.3
5.8
523
41
3.2
6.5
Break-even weight load factor, %

Weight load factor achieved, %
Passenger load factor achieved, %
60.9
61.5
73.5
61.2
61.8
74.9
60.7
62.7
76.0
60.3
62.7
77.0
62.2
62.1
76.0
61.8
62.0
76.1
63.5
66.8
78.6
64.1
66.1
78.4
64.7
66.4
79.3
64.5
66.8
79.7
63.3
67.0
79.8
61.7
66.8
80.6
61.0
66.4
80.4
3.3
4.4
0.9
1.1
-5.6 -4.1
-1.5 -1.0
-2.82 -1.93
2.9
3.0
15.0
3.2
5.0
1.1
2.22
4.6
19.9 -1.1
1.9
3.9 -0.2
0.4
14.7 -26.1 -4.6
2.9 -4.6 -1.0
5.99 -10.49 -1.86
5.5
1.4
2.0
27.6
4.9
17.3
3.1
6.45
6.3
19.8
3.1
8.3
1.3
2.90
4.7
18.4
2.6
9.2
1.3
3.08
4.3
25.3
3.5
10.7
1.5
3.41
4.9
41.7
5.5
17.3
2.3
5.20
6.5
55.0
7.7
33.0
4.6
9.31
8.3
58.6
8.2
36.3
5.1
9.59
8.6
Operating profit, US$ billion

% margin
Net profit, US$ billion
% margin
Per departing passenger, US$
Return on invested capital, %
Source: Compiled by UNWTO based on IATA Economic Performance of the Airline Industry, Industry Forecast - December 2015, where
historic data to 2014 from ICAO, IATA Statistics, and other sources. IATA Economics forecasts 2015-2016 and estimates some 2014 items.
Note: Bankruptcy reorganization and large non-cash costs are excluded.
Annex26
Population
GDP
million
US$ bn
US$
2015
2015
2015
7,205
73,171
10,160
World (PPP weighted)
Per capita Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (% change over previous year)
Memorandum: at market exchange rates
Current projections
Trend
Average
2013 2014 2015 2016* 2017* 2018* 2019* 2020* 2021* 15-14 16*-15 17*-16* 1995-2015
3.3
3.4
3.1
3.2
3.5
3.6
3.8
3.8
3.9
3.8
2.4
2.7
2.4
2.5
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.1
3.1
2.7
of which:
Advanced economies
1,045
44,388
42,480
1.2
1.8
1.9
1.9
2.0
2.0
1.9
1.8
1.8
2.1
Emerging economies
6,160
28,783
4,670
4.9
4.6
4.0
4.1
4.6
4.8
5.0
5.1
5.1
5.5
Source: Compiled by UNWTO from International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/weorepts.htm)
Percentage points change to previous year: - - < -1 ; - [-1,-0.2] ; = [-0.2,0.2] ; + [0.2,1] ; ++ >1
Purchasing power parity
World
(%)
Emerging market and developing countries

6
4
'80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '06 '08 '10 '12 '14 '16 '18 '20
'80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '06 '08 '10 '12 '14 '16 '18 '20
Advanced economies
Crude Oil Spot Price Brent (daily)

(US$ per barrel)
(%)
160
140
120
100
80
60
0
'80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '06 '08 '10 '12 '14 '16 '18 '20
40
20
-2
Annex27
Source: US Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration
20
17
14
20
11
20
08
20
05
20
20
02
99
19
19
9
87
-4
93
-3
19
-1
19
90
-1
(%)
19
Overview of the economic growth projections by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Economic Outlook, April 2016
Overview of the economic growth projections by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Economic Outlook, April 2016
Population
GDP
million
US$ bn
US$
2015
2015
2015
By UNWTO regions:
Europe
European Union (28)
Euro area
Germany
France
Italy
Spain
Netherlands
Belgium
Austria
Greece
Finland
Portugal
Ireland
United Kingdom
Sweden
Denmark
Poland
Switzerland
Norway
Russian Federation
Turkey
Israel
Americas
United States
Canada
Latin America & Caribbean
Brazil
Mexico
Argentina
Venezuela
Colombia
Chile
Peru
913
507
332
82
64
61
46
17
11
9
11
5
10
5
65
10
6
38
8
5
146
78
8
977
322
36
619
204
127
43
31
48
18
32
20,244
16,220
11,540
3,358
2,422
1,816
1,200
738
455
374
195
230
199
238
2,849
493
295
475
665
389
1,325
734
296
24,653
17,947
1,552
5,154
1,773
1,144
586
240
293
240
192
22,170
31,970
34,740
41,000
37,670
29,870
25,860
43,600
40,110
43,730
18,070
41,970
19,120
51,360
43,770
49,870
52,110
12,500
80,680
74,830
9,050
9,440
35,340
25,240
55,810
43,330
8,320
8,670
9,010
13,590
7,740
6,080
13,340
6,020
0.9
0.3
-0.3
0.4
0.7
-1.7
-1.7
-0.5
0.0
0.3
-3.2
-0.8
-1.1
1.4
2.2
1.2
-0.2
1.3
1.8
1.0
1.3
4.2
3.3
2.0
1.5
2.2
3.0
3.0
1.3
2.9
1.3
4.9
4.0
5.9
1.5
1.4
0.9
1.6
0.2
-0.3
1.4
1.0
1.3
0.4
0.7
-0.7
0.9
5.2
2.9
2.3
1.3
3.3
1.9
2.2
0.7
2.9
2.6
2.0
2.4
2.5
1.3
0.1
2.3
0.5
-3.9
4.4
1.8
2.4
1.2
2.0
1.6
1.5
1.1
0.8
3.2
1.9
1.4
0.9
-0.2
0.4
1.5
7.8
2.2
4.1
1.2
3.6
0.9
1.6
-3.7
3.8
2.6
1.5
2.4
1.2
-0.1
-3.8
2.5
1.2
-5.7
3.1
2.1
3.3
1.4
1.8
1.5
1.5
1.1
1.0
2.6
1.8
1.2
1.2
-0.6
0.9
1.4
5.0
1.9
3.7
1.6
3.6
1.2
1.0
-1.8
3.8
2.8
1.4
2.4
1.5
-0.5
-3.8
2.4
-1.0
-8.0
2.5
1.5
3.7
1.9
1.9
1.6
1.6
1.3
1.2
2.3
1.9
1.4
1.4
2.7
1.1
1.3
3.6
2.2
2.8
1.8
3.6
1.5
1.5
0.8
3.4
3.0
2.1
2.5
1.9
1.5
0.0
2.6
2.8
-4.5
3.0
2.1
4.1
1.9
1.9
1.6
1.4
1.5
1.0
2.0
1.9
1.5
1.3
3.1
1.3
1.2
3.2
2.2
2.5
2.0
3.5
1.8
1.8
1.0
3.5
3.0
2.3
2.4
2.1
2.1
1.1
2.8
2.9
-3.0
3.7
2.7
3.6
2.0
1.9
1.6
1.3
1.7
1.1
1.9
1.9
1.5
1.1
2.8
1.5
1.2
2.8
2.1
2.3
2.1
3.5
1.8
2.1
1.5
3.5
2.9
2.3
2.1
2.0
2.6
2.0
2.9
2.8
-1.0 ..
4.1
3.0
3.5
2.0
1.8
1.5
1.3
1.8
0.9
1.8
2.0
1.5
1.1
2.4
1.6
1.2
2.7
2.1
2.2
2.1
3.5
1.8
2.1
1.5
3.5
2.9
2.2
2.0
2.0
2.7
2.0
3.1
2.8
4.3
3.2
3.5

Japan
Australia
Korea (ROK)
Hong Kong (China)
Singapore
Developing Asia
China
India
Indo./Malays./Phil./Thail.
Iran
Pakistan
4,057
127
24
51
23
7
6
3,516
1,375
1,293
457
79
186
24,316
4,123
1,224
1,377
524
310
293
15,571
10,983
2,091
1,842
388
270
5,990
32,490
50,960
27,200
22,290
42,390
52,890
4,430
7,990
1,620
4,030
4,880
1,450
5.5
1.4
2.0
2.9
2.2
3.1
4.7
6.9
7.7
6.6
5.0
-1.9
3.7
5.5
0.0
2.6
3.3
3.9
2.6
3.3
6.8
7.3
7.2
4.5
4.3
4.0
5.2
0.5
2.5
2.6
0.7
2.4
2.0
6.6
6.9
7.3
4.6
0.0
4.2
5.2
0.5
2.5
2.7
1.5
2.2
1.8
6.4
6.5
7.5
4.6
4.0
4.5
5.2
-0.1
3.0
2.9
2.2
2.4
2.2
6.3
6.2
7.5
4.9
3.7
4.7
5.3
0.4
3.0
3.1
2.4
2.6
2.5
6.3
6.0
7.6
5.1
3.8
5.0
5.4
0.7
2.9
3.1
2.8
2.8
2.7
6.3
6.0
7.7
5.2
4.1
5.2
Africa
Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia
Subsaharan Africa
South Africa
Nigeria
1,036
85
913
55
179
1,890
319
1,488
313
490
1,820
3,770
1,630
5,690
2,740
4.6
3.3
5.0
2.2
5.4
4.6
3.2
5.1
1.5
6.3
3.4
3.6
3.4
1.3
2.7
3.1
2.9
3.1
0.6
2.3
3.8
3.3
4.0
1.2
3.5
4.1
3.3
4.4
2.1
3.9
222
31
10
88
35
2
4
2,058
653
345
331
169
185
121
9,260
20,810
36,060
3,740
4,820
76,580
29,360
2.9
2.7
4.3
2.1
6.6
4.6
1.0
2.0
3.6
4.6
2.2
-2.1
4.0
0.0
2.7
3.4
3.9
4.2
2.4
3.3
0.9
2.6
1.2
2.4
3.3
7.2
3.4
2.4
3.2
1.9
2.6
4.3
3.3
3.4
2.6
3.3
2.3
3.1
4.5
4.2
2.9
2.6
Middle East
Saudi Arabia
Utd Arab Emirates
Egypt
Iraq
Qatar
Kuwait
Per capita Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (% change over previous year)
Current projections
Trend
2013 2014 2015 2016* 2017* 2018* 2019* 2020* 2021* 15-14 16*-15 17*-16* 1995-2015
2.0
1.8
1.5
1.2
1.9
0.9
1.6
2.1
1.4
1.1
1.5
1.6
1.2
2.7
2.1
2.1
2.1
3.5
1.8
2.1
1.5
3.5
2.9
2.3
2.0
2.0
2.8
2.0
3.1
2.9
4.0
3.4
3.5
+
+
=
+
++
++
+
=
+
++
+
++
++
=
+
-
-+
=
=
---+
+
--+
+
+
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
+
+
=
-
+
=
+
++
=
+
=
=
+
=
=
--
+
=
=
=
=
=
=
+
=
++
=
=
-+
=
=
+
+
++
=
+
=
+
++
++
=
++
++
+
+
+
2.2
1.8
1.4
1.3
1.5
0.5
2.1
1.9
1.8
1.8
0.8
2.1
1.1
4.8
2.1
2.4
1.3
4.0
1.9
2.1
3.1
4.1
3.8
2.6
2.4
2.5
3.0
2.6
2.9
3.2
1.8
3.4
4.0
4.6
5.5
0.7
2.8
3.1
2.8
3.0
2.8
6.3
6.0
7.7
5.4
4.1
5.5
5.5
0.7
2.8
3.0
2.9
3.1
2.8
6.4
6.0
7.8
5.4
4.1
5.5
+
=
-
-=
=
=
-+
=
=
=
=
+
=
=
++
+
+
=
+
+
+
=
=
+
5.7
0.7
3.2
4.3
4.2
3.4
5.3
7.5
9.3
6.9
4.2
3.4
4.2
4.3
3.5
4.5
2.4
3.7
4.3
3.8
4.5
2.4
3.9
4.7
3.9
5.0
2.4
4.0
-+
-
--
+
+
+
+
++
5.0
3.9
5.1
3.0
7.0
3.4
2.3
3.4
4.8
4.3
2.6
2.8
3.6
2.1
3.7
4.9
4.7
2.1
2.8
3.4
2.1
3.4
5.0
4.8
1.7
2.8
++
++
=
--
++
=
++
+
+
+
+
-=
=
4.7
3.3
4.7
4.6
8.1
10.9
3.7
..
Percentage points change to previous year: - - < -1 ; - [-1,-0.2] ; = [-0.2,0.2] ; + [0.2,1] ; ++ >1
Annex28
Average

Overview of the unemployment projections by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Economic Outlook, April 2016
Employment, mn persons
2014
Advanced economies
Europe
Euro area
Austria
Belgium
Cyprus
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Portugal
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Czech Republic
Denmark
Israel
Norway
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
Americas
United States
Canada
Australia
New Zealand
Japan
Korea (ROK)
Hong Kong (China)
Singapore
Unemployment rate (%)
Current projections (%)
1995 2000 2005 2010 2013 2014 2015
2016* 2017* 2019* 2021*
Average (%)
14-13 15-14 16*-15 17*-16* 18*-17* 1995-2013
480
7.1
6.0
6.2
8.3
7.9
7.3
6.7
6.3
6.2
6.0
5.9
++
++
6.8
140.0
3.5
4.6
0.4
0.6
2.4
24.8
39.8
3.5
1.9
22.3
0.9
1.3
0.4
0.2
8.2
4.6
2.2
0.9
17.3
5.0
2.7
3.6
2.6
4.8
4.9
30.7
10.7
3.9
9.7
2.6
9.6
15.4
10.5
8.2
10.0
14.1
11.2
7.0
0.0
3.0
4.9
7.1
7.2
13.7
7.0
22.9
4.0
6.8
6.9
4.9
10.4
4.2
8.6
9.0
3.9
6.9
4.8
14.6
9.8
9.2
8.0
11.4
4.3
10.1
14.3
16.4
2.4
6.8
3.1
3.9
18.9
6.7
13.9
8.8
4.3
10.9
3.4
6.3
1.8
5.5
9.1
5.7
8.4
5.3
8.0
8.4
8.9
11.0
10.0
4.4
7.7
10.1
8.3
4.1
6.9
5.9
7.6
16.4
6.5
9.2
7.9
4.8
11.2
4.6
7.6
3.8
4.8
10.2
4.8
8.2
6.3
16.7
8.4
9.3
6.9
12.7
13.9
8.3
19.5
17.8
5.9
6.9
5.0
10.8
14.5
7.3
19.9
7.3
7.5
8.3
3.6
8.6
3.5
7.9
12.0
5.3
8.4
15.9
8.6
8.1
10.3
5.2
27.5
13.0
12.1
11.9
11.8
6.9
6.4
7.3
16.2
14.3
10.1
26.1
7.0
7.0
6.3
3.5
8.0
3.2
7.6
11.6
5.6
8.5
16.1
7.4
8.7
10.3
5.0
26.5
11.3
12.6
10.8
10.7
7.1
5.8
7.4
13.9
13.2
9.7
24.5
6.1
6.5
6.0
3.5
7.9
3.2
6.2
10.9
5.7
8.3
15.3
6.8
9.3
10.4
4.6
25.0
9.4
11.9
9.9
9.1
6.9
5.3
6.9
12.4
11.5
9.1
22.1
5.0
6.2
5.3
4.4
7.4
3.3
5.4
10.3
6.2
8.3
14.2
6.5
9.3
10.1
4.6
25.0
8.3
11.4
9.5
8.6
6.4
5.4
6.4
11.6
10.4
7.9
19.7
4.7
6.0
5.3
4.6
6.8
3.5
5.0
9.9
6.4
8.2
13.0
6.5
9.0
10.0
4.8
23.4
7.5
10.9
9.1
8.5
6.3
5.3
6.2
11.1
9.6
7.6
18.3
4.6
5.8
5.3
4.4
7.0
3.3
5.0
9.2
6.2
8.0
10.4
5.3
8.0
9.6
4.9
20.2
6.7
10.1
8.5
8.2
6.1
5.3
5.7
10.2
9.2
7.0
16.4
4.9
5.7
5.3
3.9
7.2
3.2
5.3
8.7
6.2
7.6
8.4
5.1
7.1
9.1
4.8
18.0
6.7
9.3
8.0
8.0
6.0
5.3
5.1
9.3
9.0
6.5
15.7
5.0
5.7
5.3
3.8
7.2
3.1
5.3
++
-=
+
++
++
-++
++
++
++
++
+
++
++
+
+
=
=
=
++
++
=
+
++
++
-=
+
++
++
++
++
++
+
+
++
++
++
++
++
++
+
++
-++
++
++
=
++
+
=
+
=
=
++
+
+
++
+
=
+
++
++
++
++
+
+
=
++
+
++
=
+
=
++
++
+
+
+
+
=
+
+
++
+
++
=
+
=
+
+
=
+
=
=
++
++
+
+
=
++
+
+
+
+
=
=
+
+
+
+
++
=
=
=
+
=
=
9.6
4.7
8.1
5.4
10.3
9.5
9.3
8.3
12.3
8.4
9.2
12.9
9.6
4.0
6.6
4.9
8.0
14.7
6.8
16.1
6.7
5.5
9.7
3.7
7.8
3.3
6.4
146.3
17.8
5.6
9.5
4.0
6.8
5.1
6.8
9.6
8.0
7.4
7.1
6.2
6.9
5.3
6.9
4.9
7.3
4.8
7.4
4.9
7.3
5.0
7.0
++
+
++
=
=
=
6.0
7.6
11.5
2.3
63.5
25.6
11.1
3.7
3.2
8.5
6.5
3.2
2.1
1.8
3.2
1.8
6.3
6.2
4.7
4.4
3.0
4.9
2.7
5.0
3.8
4.4
3.7
4.1
5.6
3.1
5.2
6.6
5.1
3.7
5.2
4.3
2.2
5.6
6.3
4.0
3.1
4.2
3.4
1.9
6.1
5.8
3.6
3.5
4.0
3.3
2.0
6.1
5.8
3.4
3.6
3.8
3.3
1.9
5.9
5.9
3.3
3.5
3.8
3.2
2.0
5.8
5.8
3.3
3.3
3.9
3.1
2.0
5.7
5.7
3.3
3.3
3.8
3.0
2.0
5.5
5.5
3.3
3.3
3.8
3.0
2.0
+
+
+
+
=
=
=
+
=
+
=
=
=
+
=
=
=
=
=
=
+
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
6.1
5.7
4.4
3.7
3.9
4.7
2.5
percentage points change to previous year: ++ < -0.5; + [-0.5,-0.1]; = [-0.1,0.1]; - [0.1,0.5]; - - > 0.5
Annex29
Trend

Overview of the unemployment projections by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Economic Outlook, April 2016
Employment, mn persons
2014
Unemployment rate (%)
Current projections (%)
1995 2000 2005 2010 2013 2014 2015
2016* 2017* 2019* 2021*
Trend
Average (%)
14-13 15-14 16*-15 17*-16* 18*-17* 1995-2013
Emerging economies
Europe
Azerbaijan
Bulgaria
Croatia
Hungary
Kazakhstan
Poland
Romania
Russian Federation
Ukraine
Turkey
Americas
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Dominican Rep.
Mexico
Panama
Peru
Uruguay
Venezuela
China
Indonesia
Iran
Malaysia
Pakistan
Philippines
Thailand
Vietnam
Africa and Middle East
Algeria
Bahrain
Egypt
Jordan
Kuwait
Morocco
Nigeria
Saudi Arabia
Tunisia
South Africa
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
11.4
14.5
10.2
11.0
13.3
9.9
8.5
14.8
7.6
0.0
18.1
15.4
6.0
12.8
16.1
7.6
10.6
11.5
5.6
7.6
10.2
13.1
7.2
8.1
17.7
7.2
7.1
7.2
9.5
6.0
10.3
11.5
11.3
5.8
9.6
6.9
7.3
8.1
11.1
6.0
13.0
17.0
10.2
5.2
10.3
7.1
5.5
7.3
9.0
6.0
11.5
17.1
7.8
5.0
9.0
6.8
5.2
9.3
9.9
6.0
9.2
16.9
6.9
5.0
7.5
6.8
5.6
9.5
10.2
6.0
8.6
16.4
6.7
5.0
6.9
6.4
6.5
9.2
10.8
6.0
7.9
15.9
6.5
5.0
6.9
6.2
6.3
8.8
10.5
6.0
7.3
15.0
6.0
5.0
7.0
6.5
5.5
8.3
10.5
6.0
6.7
13.5
5.6
5.0
7.1
6.5
5.5
8.0
10.5
=
++
++
+
++
+
+
-
=
++
+
++
=
++
=
=
++
+
+
=
++
+
-+
=
++
+
+
=
=
+
+
+
+
=
+
+
+
=
=
=
+
+
=
4.0
12.0
12.8
8.2
9.0
13.1
7.4
8.2
10.0
7.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
18.9
4.7
7.4
5.6
5.2
7.3
6.2
14.0
7.1
10.3
0.0
17.1
7.1
9.7
13.3
5.2
6.3
2.2
13.5
7.8
13.4
14.0
11.6
9.8
9.3
11.8
6.6
6.4
3.5
9.8
9.6
12.1
12.2
7.8
6.8
8.2
11.8
7.3
5.0
5.3
6.5
7.9
7.0
8.6
7.1
5.4
5.9
9.7
8.3
7.0
4.9
4.1
7.5
6.5
7.8
7.3
4.8
6.4
9.1
8.2
6.4
4.8
4.8
6.0
6.6
7.2
6.5
6.8
6.2
8.9
8.3
5.9
4.3
5.1
6.0
7.6
7.4
7.8
9.2
6.8
9.8
8.2
5.3
4.0
5.1
6.0
7.8
17.4
7.4
10.2
7.5
9.4
8.1
5.4
3.9
5.1
6.0
7.6
20.7
6.6
10.2
7.0
8.9
7.6
5.4
3.8
5.1
6.0
7.2
26.3
6.4
10.0
6.3
8.8
7.6
5.4
3.8
5.1
6.0
7.2
29.2
=
+
++
=
++
+
-++
=
+
+
-+
+
=
+
+
----=
++
+
=
=
=
--
-+
+
=
+
=
=
=
--
+
+
+
=
=
=
=
+
--
17.1
8.8
8.2
11.4
6.4
6.3
4.0
9.7
8.3
13.1
8.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.9
7.4
10.0
3.1
4.8
9.5
0.0
5.8
3.1
6.1
16.0
3.1
5.9
11.2
0.0
6.4
4.2
11.2
12.1
3.6
7.7
11.4
1.9
5.3
4.1
7.1
13.5
3.3
5.5
7.3
1.1
4.3
4.1
6.3
10.4
3.1
6.1
7.1
0.7
2.8
4.1
5.9
10.6
2.9
6.2
6.8
0.8
2.1
4.1
6.2
10.8
3.2
6.0
6.3
0.9
2.4
4.1
5.9
11.3
3.2
6.1
6.0
0.8
2.4
4.1
5.7
11.6
3.2
6.1
5.9
0.7
2.4
4.1
5.5
11.3
3.2
6.2
5.7
0.7
2.4
4.1
5.5
11.0
3.2
6.4
5.6
0.7
2.4
=
+
+
=
++
+
+
=
=
+
=
=
+
+
=
=
+
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
3.8
7.6
12.2
3.2
6.4
9.1
1.1
5.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
28.1
0.0
11.2
15.4
1.5
16.0
0.0
0.0
16.2
16.5
29.5
0.0
9.0
13.7
0.8
13.4
0.0
4.6
15.7
23.0
17.7
0.0
10.5
14.7
1.4
10.8
0.0
5.8
14.2
25.2
11.3
3.7
8.7
12.7
1.7
9.6
0.0
5.2
12.4
22.5
10.0
4.0
10.4
12.9
2.1
8.9
6.0
5.8
18.9
24.8
11.0
3.9
12.4
12.2
2.1
9.0
10.6
5.5
16.7
24.9
9.8
4.3
13.0
12.6
2.1
9.2
10.0
5.6
15.3
24.7
10.6
4.1
13.4
11.9
2.1
9.9
7.8
5.5
15.3
25.1
11.3
0.0
12.9
0.0
2.1
9.8
9.9
0.0
15.0
25.4
12.1
0.0
12.4
0.0
2.1
9.6
0.0
0.0
13.0
26.7
13.4
0.0
10.7
0.0
2.1
9.4
0.0
0.0
12.0
27.0
-=
-+
=
=
-+
++
=
++
=
+
=
++
=
+
+
=
++
=
=
-
++
+
++
=
=
-++
+
-
=
=
=
=
=
++
=
+
-
27.1
0.0
9.1
14.3
1.1
13.6
0.0
2.8
15.6
24.7
percentage points change to previous year: ++ < -0.5; + [-0.5,-0.1]; = [-0.1,0.1]; - [0.1,0.5]; - - > 0.5
Annex30
Exchange rates
Currency units per US dollar
Average
14/13 15/14 2014
2014 2015
Currency units per euro

2015
year
J.-D. Average
ago
2015
year
J.-D.
ago
Dec
(%)
(%)
-16.5
1.23 1.12 1.09
-3.2
1.42 1.39 1.49
-0.2 17.87 17.35 18.55
-12.1 140.36 129.59 130.27
-16.9
9.64 8.79 8.50
-11.9 25.99 24.36 23.53
-5.1 10.53 10.15 11.92
18.6
3.25 3.49 4.21
-4.2
755 709 767
14.5 2902 2873 3543
-6.3
3.65 3.55 3.68
-11.8
4.8
3.8
-7.2
-11.8
-9.5
13.2
29.7
1.5
22.1
0.9
-3.0
7.6
6.9
0.5
-3.3
-3.4
17.4
20.6
8.1
23.3
3.8
14/13 15/14
(%)
(%)
Dec
Jun
Dec
(%)
(%)
7.1
4.0
11.1
-0.8
1.7
47.9
8.8
15.0
6.9
4.9
15.9
19.5
5.3
-0.5
5.5
13.7
42.0
14.7
37.1
12.2
1.15
14.49
113.82
7.82
21.08
8.54
2.64
613
2353
2.96
1.24
15.47
115.57
7.84
21.73
9.05
3.12
632
2563
3.16
1.37
17.05
119.77
7.82
21.63
10.96
3.87
705
3257
3.39
18.9
17.7
5.2
0.0
2.6
28.3
47.0
15.1
38.4
14.4
10.9
10.2
3.6
-0.3
-0.4
21.1
24.3
11.5
27.1
7.0
Euro
Danish krone
Swedish krona
Pound sterling
Czech koruna
Hungarian forint
Polish zloty
Croatian kuna
Norwegian krone
Swiss franc
Russian rouble
Turkish lira
Israeli new shekel
0.75 0.90 0.0 19.7 0.81 0.89 0.92

5.61 6.72 -0.1 19.8 6.03 6.65 6.86
6.85 8.43 5.1 23.1 7.63 8.27 8.50
0.61 0.65 -5.1 7.8 0.64 0.64 0.67
20.73 24.59 6.0 18.6 22.42 24.35 24.85
232 279 4.0 20.2 252 278 289
3.15 3.77 -0.3 19.7 3.42 3.71 3.94
5.75 6.86 0.7 19.4 6.22 6.75 7.02
6.29 8.07 7.0 28.3 7.28 7.81 8.70
0.91 0.96 -1.4 5.3 0.98 0.93 1.00
38.35 61.35 20.3 60.0 57.03 54.61 70.20
2.19 2.73 14.7 24.6 2.30 2.70 2.92
3.57 3.89 -1.0 8.8 3.93 3.82 3.88
13.4
13.7
11.4
4.4
10.8
14.7
15.4
12.9
19.5
2.1
23.1
27.4
-1.3
3.1
3.1
2.8
3.8
2.0
3.9
6.3
4.0
11.4
6.8
28.5
8.2
1.5
7.45 7.46 0.0 0.1

9.10 9.35 5.2 2.8
0.81 0.73 -5.1 -10.0
27.54 27.28 6.0 -0.9
309 310 4.0 0.4
4.18 4.18 -0.3 0.0
7.63 7.61 0.7 -0.3
8.35 8.95 7.0 7.1
1.21 1.07 -1.3 -12.1
50.95 68.07 20.3 33.6
2.91 3.03 14.7 4.1
4.75 4.31 -1.0 -9.2
7.44 7.46 7.46

9.40 9.27 9.25
0.79 0.72 0.73
27.64 27.31 27.03
311 312 314
4.22 4.16 4.29
7.67 7.57 7.64
8.98 8.76 9.46
1.20 1.05 1.08
70.33 61.24 76.36
2.83 3.03 3.18
4.85 4.28 4.22
0.3
-1.7
-7.9
-2.2
1.1
1.8
-0.4
5.4
-10.0
8.6
12.4
-13.0
0.0
-0.3
0.7
-1.0
0.8
3.2
0.9
8.1
3.6
24.7
5.0
-1.5
UAE dirham
Moroccan dirham
Tunisian dinar
South African rand
3.67 3.67 0.0 0.0 3.67 3.68 3.68

8.40 9.75 -0.1 16.1 8.93 9.70 9.91
1.69 1.96 4.2 15.8 1.86 1.94 2.03
10.84 12.77 12.2 17.8 11.48 12.30 15.01
0.1
10.9
9.3
30.7
0.0
2.1
4.5
22.0
4.88 4.08 0.0

11.16 10.82 0.0
2.25 2.18 4.3
14.40 14.17 12.2
-16.5
-3.1
-3.3
-1.6
4.53 4.12 4.00

11.01 10.88 10.78
2.29 2.18 2.21
14.16 13.80 16.32
-11.7
-2.1
-3.6
15.3
-3.0
-0.9
1.4
18.3
Chinese yuan renminbi

Hong Kong dollar
Taiwan dollar
Japanese yen
Korean won
Singapore dollar
Malaysian ringgit
Thai baht
Philippine peso
Indonesian rupiah
Vietnamese dong
Australian dollar
New-Zealand dollar
Fiji dollar
Indian rupee
Pakistan rupee
Sri Lanka rupee
6.16
7.75
30.30
106
1052
1.27
3.27
32.48
44.40
11855
21143
1.11
1.20
1.88
61.00
101
131
4.3
-0.1
4.7
2.0
6.5
7.1
23.2
9.4
5.6
11.4
5.3
14.0
15.2
8.4
6.1
3.9
9.5
4.0
0.0
6.2
-1.7
5.5
4.7
14.6
6.8
4.8
4.2
3.5
6.5
3.6
3.7
4.2
2.8
7.0
8.19
10.30
40.25
140
1398
1.68
4.34
43.15
58.98
15749
28089
1.47
1.60
2.49
81.04
134
174
-14.8
-16.5
-12.4
-4.3
-10.1
-9.3
-0.2
-11.9
-14.3
-5.6
-13.6
0.4
-0.4
-7.2
-12.1
-15.0
-13.0
7.63
9.56
38.67
147
1360
1.62
4.29
40.56
55.09
15351
26330
1.49
1.59
2.44
77.38
124
162
-8.0
-11.8
-7.7
-10.0
-6.1
-5.5
8.7
-3.5
-6.8
-1.7
-7.1
0.5
1.6
-4.4
-6.5
-8.3
-3.4
0.9
-3.0
3.1
-4.6
2.3
1.5
11.1
3.6
1.6
1.1
0.4
3.3
0.5
0.6
1.1
-0.3
3.8
US dollar
Canadian dollar
Mexican peso
Jamaican dollar
Guatemalan quetzal
Honduran lempira
Argentine peso
Brazilian real
Chilean peso
Colombian peso
Peruvian new sol
1.10
13.29
110.85
7.88
20.44
8.11
2.35
570
2000
2.84
1.28
15.88
116.71
7.84
21.56
9.22
3.34
654
2743
3.18
6.29 0.2 2.0 6.19

7.75 0.0 0.0 7.75
31.77 2.1 4.9 31.36
121 8.2 14.6 119
1133 -3.9 7.6 1103
1.37 1.2 8.6 1.31
3.91 3.8 19.5 3.48
34.27 5.6 5.5 32.90
45.54 4.5 2.6 44.68
13403 13.6 13.1 12449
21884 0.4 3.5 21352
1.33 6.8 20.2 1.21
1.44 -1.3 19.3 1.29
2.08 2.5 11.1 1.98
64.17 4.0 5.2 62.75
103 -0.6 1.7 101
136 1.1 4.1 131
6.21
7.75
30.90
124
1114
1.35
3.74
33.73
45.04
13305
21715
1.30
1.43
2.07
63.84
102
134
6.45
7.75
32.83
122
1175
1.41
4.29
36.00
47.20
13871
22481
1.38
1.48
2.14
66.55
105
144
2014 2015
1.33
1.47
17.66
147.26
10.46
27.16
10.78
3.12
758
2657
3.77
1.11
1.42
17.62
129.49
8.69
23.93
10.23
3.70
726
3044
3.53
6.97
8.60
35.25
134
1257
1.53
4.34
38.03
50.52
14870
24280
1.48
1.59
2.31
71.20
114
151
(%)
0.0
7.1
4.1
11.1
-0.7
1.7
48.0
8.8
15.0
7.0
4.9
0.3
0.0
2.1
8.2
-3.8
1.2
3.8
5.7
4.5
13.6
0.4
6.8
-1.3
2.5
4.0
-0.6
1.1
(%)
2014
Dec
Source: compiled by UNWTO based on data from De Nederlandse Bank (DNB)/European Central Bank (ECB) and the Bank of Canada (BoC)
Annex31
Jun
6.96
8.69
34.65
139
1249
1.51
4.19
37.82
50.51
14919
24349
1.45
1.60
2.32
71.59
114
150
7.02
8.43
35.71
132
1278
1.53
4.66
39.16
51.34
15087
24452
1.50
1.61
2.33
72.39
114
156

The UNWTO World Tourism Barometer and accompanying
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World: Inbound Tourism

International Tourism Receipts

International Tourism Receipts (real terms)

International Tourism, arrivals and receipts

International tourism receipts in destinations around the

as for the fourth consecutive year international tourism outgrew

Exports from international tourism

Source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)

Volume 14 May 2016

Volume 14 May 2016

Source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)

Alongside international tourism receipts (the travel item of

This issue of the UNWTO World Tourism Barometer and the

Volume 14 May 2016

The UNWTO World Tourism Barometer is a publication of the

The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) is the United

World Tourism Organization

Volume 14 May 2016

[Continuation from page 1]

World Inbound Tourism

many currencies, rendering receipts earned in these currencies

Unusually strong exchange rate fluctuations in 2015

World: Inbound Tourism

Asia and the

The United States, China, Spain and France remain the

The Caribbean, Central and South America show strong

Europe, 448 bn,

Even though it is common practice to use volume data such as arrivals

Volume 14 May 2016

International Tourism, World

435 674 809 928 892 950

994 1,040 1,088 1,134 1,184

Change, current prices (%)

95 101 105 109

Change, constant prices (%)

115 120 124

213 536 567 671 649 744

International Tourism Receipts (billion)

Index (2008=100, real terms)

Source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)

(Data as collected by UNWTO May 2016)

International Tourism by (Sub)region

International Tourist Arrivals

13/12 14/13 15*/14

Asia and the Pacific

Source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)

(Data as collected by UNWTO May 2016)

Volume 14 May 2016

A few leading source markets drive outbound tourism in

The detailed information in the continuation of the UNWTO World

Volume 14 May 2016

As of April 2016, a total of 122 countries and territories

Exchange rate euro to US dollar

According to visitor expenditure data reported by

International tourism receipts increase 4%

Source: De Nederlandse Bank

World: Inbound Tourism

International tourism receipts 2015

To account for the distortion caused by the exchange

Source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)

Strong exchange rate shift affected absolute growth in

Receipts in the Americas, Asia and the Pacific and the

national visitors to European destinations spent more in

Volume 14 May 2016