Class

Index Number

Name

Preliminary Examination I (2016)

Secondary Four Normal Academic
Social Studies
Time: 11 00 - 12 45

3 May 2016
1 hour 45 min

Additional materials:
Nil

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

This paper consists of 2 sections.
Section A: You must answer all parts of Question 1.
Section B: Answer one question.
All answers are to be written on the writing paper provided.
INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

This question paper consists of 6 printed pages, including the cover page.

Section A (Source-Based
HAI SING CATHOLIC 2016

Case Study)
[Turn over]

Question 1 is compulsory for all candidates.

Study the Background Information and the sources carefully, and then answer all the
questions.
You may use any of the sources to help you answer the questions, in addition to
those sources you are told to use. In answering the questions you should use your
knowledge of the topic to help you interpret and evaluate the sources.
1

(a)

Study Source A.
Why did the cartoonist portray ASEAN and Myanmar in such a manner?
Explain your answer, using details from the source.
[6]

(b)

Study Sources B and C.

How far does Source B agree with Source C? Explain your answer.

[7]

Study Source D.
How useful is the source in showing that ASEAN is an effective
organisation? Explain your answer.

[7]

Study Source E.
To what extent can you believe what the source says about regional
co-operation in ASEAN? Explain your answer.

[7]

Study Source F.
Are you surprised by this source? Explain your answer.

[8]

(c)

(d)

(e)

Is there regional cooperation in ASEAN?

BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Read this carefully. It may help you to answer some of the questions.
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was formed in 1967 to
maintain political stability and foster economic growth among countries in the region.
Today, ASEAN comprises Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, the Philippines,
Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam and Myanmar.
Through political dialogues and meetings, no tension has escalated into armed
confrontation among ASEAN Member countries since its establishment. ASEAN
practises a policy of non-interference, where government leaders refrained from
openly interfering in the internal affairs of member countries. Such a policy has also
caused ASEAN to be criticised for not helping during Myanmars political struggle to
reinstall democracy.
Study the following sources to determine if there is regional co-operation in ASEAN.

Source A:

A political cartoon posted on an online blog in March 2008.

* Note: "Burma" is the former name of Myanmar. Some people still refer to this country as
Burma.

Source B:

A comment published in the Brunei Times Newspaper in June 2014

As a citizen of one an ASEAN member country, I can't see any significant benefit
for us apart from the fact that membership of ASEAN automatically allows the
ASEAN countries to participate in the SEA (South East Asian) games. Not to
forget, ASEAN also provides opportunities for foreign ministers to gather and play
golf with each other.

Source C:

A comment by Dr. Surin Pitsuwan, Secretary-General of ASEAN,

published in the Brunei Times Newspaper in July 2014

ASEAN is a body to tackle any disputes among member countries. With ASEAN,
we don't have to go to war. We have an uninterrupted period of peace and
stability which allows us to concentrate on promoting rapid and sustained
economic growth and modernisation in the region. All of this would not have been
possible without a strong habit of co-operation and consensus building among its
members.

Source D:

A comment on ASEAN made by a Singapore blogger in July 2007

Without ASEAN, do you think other bigger trading partners will care to look at
small countries like us individually? As a group, ASEAN is able to talk with US,
EU, Japan and China. Do you think without ASEAN, we can invite those big guys
to our negotiating table? I think ASEAN is a great organization.

Source E:

An excerpt of the Opening Address by Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong

at the 48th ASEAN Ministerial Meeting, 21 July 2015.

ASEAN countries recognise the need to work together as a group. ASEAN is not
just a "talk-shop", but a maturing community of nations prepared to act for its
collective interests. Today, ASEAN is not only a well-functioning, indispensable
reality in the region. It is a real force to be reckoned with far beyond the region. It is
also a trusted partner of the United Nations in the field of development.

Source F:

A cartoon published in The Irrawaddy, a paper from Myanmar entitled

'ASEAN Ministers working hand in hand'

____________________________________________________________
Copyright Acknowledgements
Source A : http://www.irrawaddy.com/cartoon/burma/asean/relations.html
Source B: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/talking_point/848789.stm
Source C : http://www.rsis.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Keynote-Address-by-Dr-Surin-Pitsuwan-Secretary-GeneralASEAN.pdf
Source D : http://www.cjc.edu.sg/cjc/news/asean-day-2015
Source E : http://www.mfa.gov.sg/content/dam/mfa/images/om/washington/newsletter/JunJul2008.pdf
Source F : https://democracyforburma.wordpress.com/2009/02/23/asean-ministers-working-hand-in-hand-cartoon-harnlay/

Section B (Structured-Essay Questions)

Answer one question.
2

Ethnic Diversity in Singapore

(a)

Explain how the Ethnic Integration Policy helps to foster social cohesion in
Singapore.
[5]

(b)

Explain how two other policies help to foster social cohesion in Singapore.
[10]

Managing Peace and Security

(a)

Explain how regional relations benefit Singapore.

(b)

Explain how two other ways of maintaining good diplomatic ties with other
countries benefit Singapore.
[10]

The Development of Globalisation

(a)

Explain how the growth of Transnational Corporations has been a key

driving force of globalisation.

(b)

Explain two other key driving forces of globalisation.

--End of Paper--

[5]

[5]
[10]

Marking Scheme
Section A (Source-Based Case Study) 35 marks
1

(a)

Study Source A.
Why did the cartoonist portray ASEAN and Myanmar in such a manner?
Explain your answer, using details from the source.
[6]

L1

Describes source
e.g. The cartoon shows ASEAN represented by a man and Myanmar
represented by a dog.

L2

Answers based on message, unsupported

Award 2 marks for 1 inference, 3 marks for 2 inferences

[1]

[2-3]

e.g. ASEAN is anxious about its dealings with Myanmar.

e.g. ASEAN is clueless as to how to handle Myanmar.
e.g. ASEAN does not wish to work with Myanmar and would rather conduct
herself in whatever she pleases.
L3

Answers based on message, supported

Award 4 marks for 1 inference, and 5 marks for 2 inferences.

[4-5]

e.g. ASEAN is anxious about its dealings with Myanmar. This can be seen by
the man representing ASEAN perspiring and looking baffled/anxious while
he attempts to get the dog represented by Myanmar to jump through the
fire hoop.
e.g. ASEAN is clueless as to how to handle Myanmar. This is evident in the
question and exclamation marks above the man's head, and him looking
baffled/anxious.
e.g. Myanmar does not wish to work with ASEAN and would rather conduct
herself in whatever she pleases. This is seen in the cartoon where despite
being offered a bone as an incentive, the dog representing Myanmar is
ignoring the man representing ASEAN and even urinated on his shoes.
L4

L3 + Purpose

[6]

e.g. The purpose of the cartoonist is to criticise ASEAN for being ineffective in
controlling its member country and to pressure ASEAN into taking swift
actions or taking a stronger stand towards Myanmar.

(b)

Study Sources B and C.

How far does Source B agree with Source C? Explain your answer.

[7]

L1

False Matching or Agree based on Provenance

[1]
e.g. Source B does not agree with Source C as B talks about SEA games
but C does not.
e.g. Both agree with one another as they are published in the Brunei Times
Newspaper.

L2

Agree based on topic

[2]

e.g. They agree with each other as they are both about ASEAN.
L3

Disagree based on content, unsupported.

[3]

e.g. Both sources disagree on the relevance of ASEAN. Source B says that
ASEAN is only relevant for unimportant issues whereas Source C says that
ASEAN is relevant as it has allowed disputes in the region to be resolved
without war for the past 40 years.
L4

Disagree based on content, supported.

[4]

e.g. Both sources disagree on the relevance of ASEAN. Source B says that
ASEAN is only relevant for unimportant issues whereas Source C says that
ASEAN is relevant as it has allowed disputes in the region to be resolved
without war for the past 40 years. Evidence from B is I can't see any significant
benefit for any individual country apart from the fact that a membership of
ASEAN automatically allows the ASEAN to participate in the SEA games or
foreign ministers playing golf. Evidence from C is ASEAN is a body to tackle
any disputes among member countries. With ASEAN, we don't have to go to
war.
L5

Disagree based on tone.

[5-6]
Award 5 marks for detecting difference in tone and 7 marks for support from
both sources.
Source B has a critical view of ASEAN and is mocking ASEAN for being
important only for the SEA games and ministers playing golf. On the other
hand, Source C has a more optimistic outlook/affirmative tone of ASEAN,
saying that ASEAN is able to solve disputes peacefully and promote economic
growth in the region.

L6

Disagree based on purpose.

[7]

Source B criticises ASEAN for being relevant for non-important issues so that
ASEAN would be pressured to take actions to improve its functions. On the
other hand, the purpose of C is to refute criticisms from Source B so that
citizens of ASEAN member countries would continue to support ASEAN and its
policies.
(c)

Study Source D.

How useful is the source in showing that ASEAN is an effective

organisation? Explain your answer.
[7]
L1

Useful / Not useful based on provenance

[1]

e.g. Yes, it is useful as it comes from a Singaporean who is a citizen of

ASEANs member countries.
L2

Useful / Not useful based on typicality

[2]
e.g. No, it is not useful as it is only a comment by one person which is not able
to represent the views of everyone.

L3

Useful / Not useful based on content

Award 3 marks for unsupported, 4 marks for supported

[3-4]

e.g. It is useful as it shows that ASEAN has been able to link member countries
up with much bigger countries, which would be more difficult if only based on
individual effort.
L4

L3 + Useful / Not useful based on cross-reference

Award 5 marks for unsupported, 6 marks for supported

[5-6]

e.g. D is supported by Source C which shows that ASEAN is effective as it has

been able to settle disputes in the region without war. Evidence from C is
ASEAN is a body to tackle any disputes among member countries. With
ASEAN, we don't have to go to war.
e.g. D is challenged by Source A which shows that
ASEAN is ineffective in controlling its member country, Myanmar, as it refuses
to cooperate with ASEAN.
L5

L3 + Useful & Not useful based on cross-reference

(d)

Study Source E.

[7]

10

To what extent can you believe what the source says about regional
co-operation in ASEAN? Explain your answer.

[7]

L1

Believe / Do not believe based on provenance

e.g. I can believe as E is said by Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong.

[1]

L2

Believe / Do not believe based on typicality

[2]
e.g. E cannot be believed as it is only one source which might not give a full
picture of the real situation.

L3

Believe / Do not believe based on content

Award 3 marks for unsupported, 4 marks for supported

[3-4]

e.g. I can believe Source E which says that there is strong regional
co-operation among member countries in ASEAN. This is supported by
'ASEAN countries recognise the need to work together as a group.' a maturing
community of nations prepared to act to advance its collective interests.'
L4

L3 + Believe / Do not believe based on cross-reference

Award 5 marks for unsupported, 6 marks for supported

[5-6]

e.g. E is supported by C which mentions that ASEAN member countries work

closely together as seen in 'All of this would not have been possible without a
strong habit of co-operation and consensus building among its members.'
e.g. E is challenged by F which shows that ASEAN lack regional co-operation
as leaders are only pretending to collaborate with one another. This is evident
in the source which shows the leaders connected through knots tied using the
sleeves of their suit jackets but not through joining hands.
L5

L3 + Do not believe based on purpose

[7]

As E is a speech by Prime Minister, his purpose is to convince citizens of

member countries of the benefits of being in ASEAN so that they will continue
to support and not criticize ASEANs policies.

(e)

Study Source F

11

Are you surprised by this source?

Explain your answer.

[8]

L1

Uses source details, but no statement of surprise

[1]
e.g. The source shows ASEAN leaders being connected through knots tied
with the sleeves of their suit jackets.

L2

Identities things which are/are not surprising, unexplained

e.g. Yes, I am surprised that the source suggests ASEAN leaders are only
pretending to collaborate with one another.

[2]

L3

Surprised/Not surprised, unexplained provenance

e.g. No, I am not surprised as it is a cartoon drawn by a Myanmarese.

[3]

L4

Explains surprised/not surprised

Award the higher mark in the level for more fully developed answers.

[4-5]

e.g. Yes, I am surprised that the source suggests that ASEAN leaders are only
pretending to collaborate with one another as the source shows the leaders
connected through knots tied using the sleeves of their suit jackets but not
through joining hands. The leaders all have a blank look each, instead of
looking enthusiastic and concerned. There is a mocking tone underlying this
cartoon. I am surprised as ASEAN being a reputable regional organisation is
ineffective as it has leaders who do not work hand in hand.
e.g. No I am not surprised as there is global criticism of ASEAN's unity in
handling challenges together.
L5

L4 + Cross Reference
Award the higher mark in the level for more fully developed answers.

[6-7]

e.g. Yes I am surprised as this is contradicted by Source C which assert

that ASEAN leaders have nurtured a strong habit of co-operation and
consensus building among its members.
e.g. No I am not surprised as this is supported by Source A which shows that
ASEAN is ineffective in controlling its member country, Myanmar, as it refuses
to work with ASEAN. This will show that the member countries are not working
together to include Myanmar in ASEAN.
L6

Not surprised that the cartoonist would want to publish this, explained.
[8]

e.g. It is not at all surprising that the cartoonist would present a biased
viewpoint of ASEAN as being ineffective and even hypocritical. As the
cartoonist is from Myanmar, he is probably aware of ASEAN's policy of noninterference in Myanmar's internal political struggles, and he is unhappy that
ASEAN is not helping the Myanmar people to reinstall democracy as
mentioned
in BI. For this reason, the cartoonist might be disillusioned by ASEAN and
therefore used mockery to show his dissatisfaction towards ASEAN.
Section B: Structured-Essay Questions

12

2
(a)

L1

Explain how the Ethnic Integration Policy helps to foster social cohesion in
Singapore
[5]
Writes about social cohesion in Singapore
i.e. with no description/explanation of the Ethnic Integration Policy.

[1]

The Ethnic Integration Policy brings about social cohesion in Singapore

L2

Describes the Ethnic Integration Policy.

Award the higher mark in the level for more fully developed answers.

[2-3]

In the 1980s, there were too many people from the same racial groups living
in the same housing estate or block. This affected social bonding among the
various races. In 1989, the ethnic integration policy was introduced. It puts the
limit on the proportion of races in every neighbourhood and block.
L3

Explains how the Ethnic Integration Policy helps to foster social

cohesion in Singapore
[4-5]
i.e. shows link between the Ethnic Integration Policy and social cohesion.
Award the higher mark in the level for more fully developed answers.
L2 + This would bring people of different races together in the same HDB
block which promotes inter-ethnic interaction. Otherwise, if different races are
physically separated from one another, it will hinder the development. This
ensures that there is an even distribution of the different races in all housing
estates.

(b)

Explain how two other policies help to foster social cohesion in Singapore.
[10]

L1

Identifies other policies of fostering social cohesion

[1-2]
Award 1 mark for identifying one policy and 2 marks for identifying another
policy.
Two other polices which help to foster social cohesion in Singapore would be
bilingualism and minority representation.

L2

Describes other policies of fostering social cohesion

[3-5]
Award 3 marks for describing one factor and an additional mark for any
supporting detail. Award 5 marks for describing another factor.
The policy of bilingualism was introduced in schools in 1966. Students were
expected to learn English and their own Mother Tongue. With bilingualism,
English is used as the language linking the different ethnic groups. Mother
Tongue language is used to impart moral values and cultural traditions of
each race.

13

Minority representation means giving minority groups a say in governance,

through the PCMR and the GRC. The Presidential Council of Minority Rights
(PCMR) consists of members from different minority racial and religious
groups. It discusses bills before they become laws so it ensures that no racial
or religious groups is disadvantaged as a result of a law that is passed in
parliament. The GRC ( Group Representation Constituency) ensures that at
least one of the candidates in the team contesting in the General Election is
from the minority racial communities such as Malay, Indian or Eurasian. The
GRC system ensures that the minority groups are represented in Parliament.
L3

Explains one other policy of fostering social cohesion

[6-8]
i.e. shows link between policy and fostering social cohesion.
Award 6 marks for an explanation of one other policy and additional marks for
supporting details up to a maximum of 8.
With bilingualism, no one has an advantage over others as English is a nonnative language for all ethnic groups. The common language, English also
helped improve communication and reduced misunderstandings among
Singaporeans. This leads to greater common understanding and unity among
races which fosters social cohesion.

L4

L3 + Explains another policy of fostering social cohesion

[9-10]
i.e. shows link between policy and fostering social cohesion.
Award 9 marks for an explanation of a second policy and an additional mark
for supporting details.
With minority representation in Parliament, the concerns and needs of each
minority group are made known to the government. When the minority groups
are assured that their needs and concerns are taken care of, they will feel a
strong sense of identity and belonging to the country.

14

3
(a)

Explain how regional relations benefit Singapore.

[5]

L1

Writes about Singapore's diplomatic ties

i.e. with no description/explanation of regional relations.

[1]

Regional relations help Singapore to maintain good diplomatic ties.

L2

Describes regional relations.

Award the higher mark in the level for more fully developed answers.

[2-3]

A Regional relation was formed when Singapore joined ASEAN in 1965.

ASEAN provided Singapore with a voice which ensure Singapore's opinion is
heard by the rest of the world via the UN. Singapore gained economically by
being a part of ASEAN because through ASEAN Free Trade Area ( AFTA),
taxes are removed when trading takes place among the ASEAN countries.
Singapore also enjoys defence diplomacy through FPDA ( Five Power
Defence Agreement). Singapore contributed to ASEAN by giving technical
knowledge and education to the rest of the member countries and giving
students from the region scholarship.
L3

Explains how regional relations benefit Singapore

i.e. shows link between regional relations and benefits.
Award the higher mark in the level for more fully developed answers.

[4-5]

Being part of ASEAN ensures stability in the economy of these countries, this
also helped Singapore grow economically, by ensuring steady trade partners.
Singapore's contribution to ASEAN also boosts our reputation as a regional
hub for education and our standing in ASEAN also improves as we help the
rest of the member countries.
(b)

Explain how two other ways of maintaining good diplomatic ties with other
countries benefit Singapore.
[10]

L1

Identifies other factors of maintaining good diplomatic ties with other

countries
[1-2]
Award 1 mark for identifying one factor and 2 marks for identifying another
factor.
Singapore also maintains good diplomatic relations through bilateral and
international relations.

L2

Describes other factors of maintaining good diplomatic ties with other

countries
[3-5]
Award 3 marks for describing one factor and an additional mark for any
supporting detail. Award 5 marks for describing another factor.
Bilateral relations are formed when Singapore establish diplomatic relations

15

with another country. Singapore has been involved in bilateral relations with
other countries. Among these are Japan, USA and Germany. Singapore
benefitted through such bilateral relationships because we were able to
acquire advanced technological skills from these countries. Through bilateral
relationship with Malaysia and Indonesia, Singapore was also able to have
cultural exchanges and boost economic ties and political ties.
International relationship is formed when ties are formed between countries
throughout the world. When Singapore joined the UN, it gain recognition as a
sovereign state and our economy had the help of Dr Winsemius who gave us
valuable help during our nations economic formative years.
L3

Explains how one other factor of maintaining good diplomatic ties with
other countries benefit Singapore
[6-8]
i.e. shows link between factor and benefit to Singapore.
Award 6 marks for an explanation of one other factor and additional marks for
supporting details up to a maximum of 8.
Through bilateral relations, Singapore could be more cosmopolitan and speed
up its economy and social development. Singapore's involvement in
providing humanitarian aid in the region also allowed her to gain recognition
and respect from the world.

L4

L3 + Explains another factor of maintaining good diplomatic ties with

other countries
[9-10]
i.e. shows link between factor and good diplomatic ties.
Award 9 marks for an explanation of a second factor and an additional mark
for supporting details.
Without joining UN, Singapore might not be able to progress as quickly to be
what we are today. Apart from economic gains, we also benefited from the
UN because we are able to forge friendship with many other countries
beyond the region and gain valuable information from them. This is especially
important in the face of terrorism, where international cooperation is crucial to
fighting global terrorism.

16

4
(a)
L1

Explain how the growth of Transnational Corporations has been a key

driving force of globalisation.
Writes about globalisation
i.e. with no description/explanation of Transnational Corporations

[5]
[1]

The growth of Transnational Corporations is a key driving force of

globalization.
L2

Describes growth of Transnational Corporations

Award the higher mark in the level for more fully developed answers.

[2-3]

Transnational Corporations are large global firms that set up a few companies
in different regions and have production or service facilities outside the
country of their region. An example would be Microsoft Corporation. TNCs set
up their operations in a number of countries as they want to look for lower
costs of productions and open new markets.
L3

Explains how the growth of Transnational Corporations has been a key

driving force of globalisation
[4-5]
Award the higher mark in the level for more fully developed answers.
TNCs allow economies around the world to be more integrated, linking them
together because the various countries have to work together to produce an
item. Therefore, the grow of TNCs is a key driving force of globalization.

(b)

Explain two other key driving forces of globalisation.

[10]

L1

Identifies other key driving force(s) of globalisation

[1-2]
Award 1 mark for identifying one key driving force, and 2 marks for identifying
two key driving forces.
Two other key driving forces of globalisation would be developments in
transportation and advances in communications technologies.

L2

Describes other key driving force(s)

[3-5]
Award 3 marks for describing one key driving force and an additional mark for
any supporting detail. Award 5 marks for describing another key driving force.
Developments in transportation include the usage of commercial jets, large
ocean going vessels and containers that greatly speed up the movement of
goods and people from one country to another. This has shortened the time
taken to get from one place to another.
Advances in communications technologies have allowed people to
communicate with each other efficiently and quickly. This is due to the

17

invention of fibre optics as large amount of information can be transmitted at

very fast speed. The satellite technology also allows messages to be
transmitted and received from different parts of the world almost
instantaneously.
L3

Explains one other key driving force

i.e. shows link between driving force and globalisation.
Award 6 marks for an explanation of one other key driving force and
additional
marks for supporting details up to a maximum of 8.

[6-8]

Developments in transportation is a key driving force of globalisation as it has

brought everybody around the world together as people could travel from one
country to another since all the countries in the world are now made
accessible and interconnected.
L4

L3 + Explains another key driving force

i.e. shows link between driving force and globalisation.
Award 9 marks for an explanation of another key driving force and an
additional mark for supporting details.

[9-10]

With communication, people all over the world are brought together and
exchange of ideas can take place almost immediately. This has also led to
people knowing about others culture as everyone can share them on the
internet. People from all over the world are able to communicate due to the
advancement in communication technologies.