Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
BUSINESS & TECHNOLOGY FOR THE GLOBAL GENERATION INDUSTRY SINCE 1882
Vol. 160 No. 8 August 2016
ON THE COVER
August 2016
SPEAKING OF POWER
The Progress of Power Technology
GLOBAL MONITOR
Abolished Nuclear Tax Is Relief for Unprofitable Nuclear Operators
in Sweden
South Korea to Partially Liberalize Power Sector
Indian Water Crisis Shuts Down Multiple Power Plants
THE BIG PICTURE: Nuclear Retirements
Poland Shuns Wind, Doubles Down on Coal-Reliant Future
TenneT Proposes Central Island Hub for North Sea Electricity
Interconnection
POWER Digest
8
8
9
10
12
13
13
FOCUS ON O&M
TVA Uses Advanced Technology to Store and Monitor Coal Ash
All About Lubricant Additives
16
17
20
22
The quest to deliver the most efficient power plant is never-ending, and this
year the most efficient gas-fired combined cycle plant is earning its keep in
Germanys challenging market by also supplying district heating.
SPECIAL REPORTS
REINVENTION AWARD
Longview Power Plant Rehabilitation Results in Most Efficient U.S.
Coal Plant
26
A mobile onsite liquefied natural gas system at a coal plant? Thats just one
of the unique approaches this plants owners used to turn a new mine-mouth
plant with a host of problems into a record-setting one.
32
www.powermag.com
WATER AWARD
Huaneng Powers Changxing Station ZLD Project, China
35
FEATURES
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
New Best Practices for Power Project Planning and Construction
13
38
Just as technology and work practices have evolved within the plant, so too
have the tools and techniques used by companies responsible for construction at new and upgraded facilities.
GENERATION TRANSITIONS
Southern Company Bets Big
42
WIND POWER
Time to Catch the Sea Breeze? Offshore Wind Power Development
in China
42
46
China has been a leader in deploying massive amounts of solar and onshore
wind capacity, but even bigger prospects lie offshore. Several factors are
combining to suggest the country may be ready to launch a substantial offshore development program.
WATER
Prevent Purified Water from Putting a Damper on Your Next
Commissioning
50
Managing water during commissioning may be the last thing on your mind,
but its no place to cut corners. From testing to treatment to wastewater handling, heres what you should prepare for.
ELECTRICAL
Consider Busway When Replacing Electrical Cable and Conduit
54
Although cable and conduit has been the primary method to distribute power
in plants, busway can offer several advantages, including space savings and
easier reconfiguration.
54
COMMENTARY
Climate Change and Energy: We Need a Bigger Boat
60
Follow us on Twitter
@POWERmagazine
www.powermag.com
KIEWIT.COM
CIRCLE 2 ON READER SERVICE CARD
ADVERTISING SALES
Publisher:
Southeast, Central, & Western U.S./
Western Canada:
Eastern U.S./Eastern Canada/Latin America:
UK/Benelux/Scandinavia/Germany/
Switzerland/Austria/Eastern Europe:
Italy/France/Spain/Portugal:
China:
Japan:
India:
South Korea:
AUDIENCE DEVELOPMENT
CUSTOMER SERVICE
For subscriber service:
Electronic and Paper Reprints:
List Sales:
All Other Customer Service:
pwr@omeda.com, 847-763-9509
Wrights Media, sales@wrightsmedia.com, 877-652-5295
MeritDirect, Danielle Zaborski, dzaborski@meritdirect.com, 914-368-1090
713-343-1887
General mailing address: POWER, 11000 Richmond Avenue, Suite 690, Houston, TX 77042.
Copyright: 2016 Access Intelligence. All rights reserved.
BUSINESS OFFICE
Access Intelligence, 11000 Richmond Avenue, Suite 690, Houston, TX 77042
Senior Vice President & Group Publisher
Aerospace, Energy, Healthcare: Jennifer Schwartz
Vice President and Publisher: Michael Grossman, 713-343-1887, mgrossman@accessintel.com
www.powermag.com
Successfully proven in
commercial operation:
the H-class from Siemens.
siemens.com/gasturbines
Scan the
QR code
for a free
download.
SPEAKING OF POWER
No Risk, No Progress
Despite the challenges that even
award-winning projects face, it remains important for the industry to
keep striving to envision, design, and
develop cutting-edge power projects
because, as this months Commentary
author reminds us, we need more of
all the best low-carbon options we can
getas quickly as possible.
For example, the technology deployment breakthrough that we recognized
with last years Plant of the Year Award,
carbon capture and sequestration (CCS)
at an operating coal power plant, is central to prospects for the continued use
of coal as a fuel globally if international
commitments to a lower-carbon future
are to be met. (Incidentally, Im happy
to share that my August 2015 cover story
detailing SaskPowers CCS achievement
won an award of its own this June: Best
Scientific Writing or Technical Reporting,
from the Specialty Information Publishers Association.)
6
Modeling Excellence
Each of the award winners we profile this
year offers at least one technology or development approach thats ripe for picking
by future projects. Heres one that stands
out for me this month: the building envelope design for our Plant of the Year,
Lausward Power Plants Fortuna unit in
Dsseldorf.
As shown on our cover and in the article, the Fortuna unit is housed in an
attractive, intriguing structure. You may
argue that good design is more important
for a plant like this one because it sits
in an urban environment, but good design
doesnt necessarily have to cost more than
www.powermag.com
ugly design. Power plants may be a practical necessity, but so are phones. It took
Apples Steve Jobs to realize that a mobile phone can offer enhanced functionality (power) in a design-savvy package
that people want to be seen with. Power
generators, who are increasingly aware of
their public image, might also do well to
think about the visual statements their
facilities make.
Profiles in Practicality
One way to assess trends in any industry is to look at its award winners. Based
on the nominations we received for this
years award categories, and the other
projects the editorial team threw into
the pool for consideration, the past year
in power project execution has been one
of largely incremental improvement. Although that may be less obviously exciting than a year in which brand new
technologies are introducedconcentrating solar power or carbon capture
or fusion (no, were not there yet)it
should inspire everyone to achieve excellence. After all, few have the stomach
to be the first to adopt a new technologywhich has repeatedly proven risky,
as youll see from the story of this years
Reinvention Award winnerbut most
generators are looking for ways to deploy
the latest best practices.
This years award winners do include
projects where the first of a new turbine
model, or a new process, or new digital
tools were used, but the stories are as
much about owners and developers solving problems creatively to deliver exemplary new generation or make cleaner
power from existing plants. Some award
winner profiles present aspirational projects that may be feasible only for a few;
other project successes are clearly achievable for many. They all demonstrate some
sort of edge that merits recognition. We
hope you will enjoy reading about this
years winners.
Gail Reitenbach, PhD is POWERs
editor.
18 Stack
BEST SUITED
FOR GAS
TURBINES UP
TO 120+MW.
5 H.P. Evaporator
4 H.P. Superheater
2 Duct Burner
1 Distribution Grid
3 Observation Port
6 C.O. Catalyst
9 H.P. Evaporator
7 Injection Grid
10 H.P. Economizer
DA. Pre-Heater 12
8 S.C.R.
11 L.P. Superheater
L.P. Evaporator 13
Call 918.274.0023
FOLLOW A LEADER
VICTORYENERGY.COM
www.powermag.com
www.powermag.com
MONT.
VT.
MINN.
ORE.
S.D.
IDAHO
N.Y.
WIS.
N.J.
PA.
IOWA
NEV.
ILL.
UTAH
COLO.
OHIO
IND.
K
KAN.
MO.
MD.
W.VA.
J
TENN.
ALA.
MISS.
GA.
Retirement
announced
Under
construction
California (CAISO)
SPP
Markets that
foster
New England (ISO-NE) competition
Texas (ERCOT)
LA.
TEXAS
Traditional markets,
typically with
vertically integrated
utilities
MISO
S.C.
ARK.
Retired
Northwest
Southeast
KY.
OKLA.
N.M.
DEL.
N.C.
ARIZ.
VA.
G. November 2013South Carolina Electric and Gas and Santee Cooper start
construction of two AP1000 PWR units at the V.C. Summer Nuclear Station.
The units are estimated to be completed in August 2019 and August 2020.
10
MASS.
CONN.
NEB.
N CALIF.
MICH.
WYO.
FN.H.
www.powermag.com
2. Dry descent. The first phase of the Tehri Dam on Indias Bhagirathi River, a headstream
of the Ganges, was completed in 2005 after more than 25 years of construction. The dam has
a height of 260 meters and is the fifth tallest in the world. Yet a severe drought gripping parts
of India has severely reduced the dams generation capacity. Courtesy: India Water Resources
Information System
3. When a giant falls. During a prolonged heat wave in August 2015 that lowered
water levels in rivers and lakes, some conventional power units in Poland were forced to
shut down or operate at reduced loads due
to cooling problems. The power system reserves of the isolated grid were dangerously
stretched by the abrupt shutdown of the nations largest power plant, the lignite-fired
Bechatw Power Station, shown here, after
a technical failure. Courtesy: Wikimedia Commons/Morgre
4. An island transmission hub. Dutch power grid operator TenneTs hub and spoke
proposal unveiled this June foresees the installation of a modular island, about six square kilometers in sizewhich can be expandedthat will connect countries on the North Sea via
a number of international electricity highways. The direct current cable interconnections between those countries energy markets would also connect numerous offshore wind farms.
Courtesy: TenneT
POWER Digest
Court Forces Bulgaria to Pay for One of
Two Canceled Reactors at Belene. Bulgarias National Electricity Co. (NEK)
should pay Russias Atomstroyexport
nearly $620 million in compensation for
its canceled two-unit Belene nuclear plant,
an international arbitration court in Gene-
www.powermag.com
13
Beginning in 2017, the French government, which owns over 85% of AREVA, will
inject another 5 billion into the firm to
increase the capital for both AREVA and
NEW CO, though that increase will be
subject to approvals from the European
Commission. It means that after this
transaction, the French government will
hold, directly or indirectly, a minimum of
two-thirds of NEW COs equity. AREVA SA
will also retain the contract for the Olkiluoto 3 EPR, whose construction in Finland
is now nine years behind schedule and
three times over budget.
South Korea to Shut Down Aging Coal
Plants. The Ministry of Energy of South
Korea in July announced that it would
force 10 coal-fired power plants that
are more than 40 years of age to close
by 2025 in an effort to limit air pollution and particulate matter emissions.
It has also introduced stricter rules for
operation and maintenance at existing
coal-fired power plants and projects under construction. The country depends
on coal for more than 40% of its power,
and at least 20 new coal plants are in the
development pipeline. Fifteen of those
are already under construction, and all
are anticipated to come online by 2020.
State-run utilities are expected to spend
$8.68 billion on closures and upgrades by
2030 to meet new rules.
Joint Venture Bags Key Contract to
Develop ITER Fusion Reactor. Momentum, a joint venture comprising Amec
Foster Wheeler, Assystem, and Korea
Electric Power Corp. Engineering and
Construction, has won a 10-year, $194
million contract to manage and coordinate the assembly and installation of
more than a million components for the
ITER fusion reactor project in France.
ITER is an international collaboration between China, the EU, India, Japan, South
Korea, Russia, and the U.S. to explore
and demonstrate the scientific and technological feasibility of commercial fusion
reactors. Project developers are expected
to announce its full scope, schedule, and
cost in November 2016.
Momentum will work on the worlds
largest tokamak, a toroidal electromagnet that will contain the plasma where
the fusion reactions occur. The scope of
services includes contract management,
configuration management, project
management, construction preparation,
site coordination, works supervision,
and activities leading up to mechanical completion, but the contract does
not cover design or fabrication of components (which are being provided by
www.powermag.com
@amec_fw
https://www.linkedin.com/company/amecfw
www.youtube.com/user/amecfw
https://www.facebook.com/amecfw
16
2. Good vibrations. Coal ash is laid down and heavy rolling machines drive over it to
compact it. Courtesy: Tennessee Valley Authority
www.powermag.com
Table 1. Whats in your grease? This table shows characteristics of some common
grease additives. Source: Nye Lubricants Inc.
Additive
Key characteristics
Anticorrosion
Antioxidant
Antirust
Antiwear
Color/ultraviolet dye
Conductive agent
Extreme pressure
Solids burnish into surface under pressure, forming a protective layer to prevent
seizure and severe damage
Friction modifier
High-temperature enhancer
Tackifier
Viscosity modifiers
4. Breaking the cycle. Primary antioxidants (AOs) react with the very reactive radicals, slowing the degradation by breaking the self-propagating radical chains. Secondary AOs react with reactive peroxides that are present to break the oxidation cycle. Courtesy: Nye Lubricants Inc.
Reactive
radicals
Phase 3:
Branching and
termination
O2
Lubricant
Phase 2:
Propagation
Secondary AOs
Very
reactive
radical
Reactive
peroxides
Phase 1:
Initiation
Very reactive
radicals
Primary AOs
Antioxidants
Many synthetic lubricants, especially
hydrocarbon-based lubricating oils, are
susceptible to oxygen degradation. This
oxidation process, which is initiated by
the formation of reactive free radicals and
peroxides, is the major cause of oil thickening and the formation of sludge and
varnish in many applications.
Destructive oxidation of oil can be described as a cyclical process involving initiation, propagation, and branching and
termination (Figure 4). Unless the cycle is
broken or terminated, oxidation will continue to occur until the oil or grease is no
longer usable.
Antioxidants are additives designed to
prolong the life of a lubricant by increasing the oxidative resistance of the base
www.powermag.com
www.powermag.com
6. Copper corrosion test. This corrosion test requires a copper strip to be submerged
in grease and placed in an oven for 24 hours at either 100C or 150C. The strip is then compared
to a standard, like the one shown here, and rated. Courtesy: Nye Lubricants Inc.
Lubricant Testing
There are several test methods used to
measure the effectiveness of additive
packages. To determine oxidative resistance, a pressure differential scanning calorimeter is most commonly used. The test
measures the ability of an oil or grease
to resist oxidation in a very demanding
high-pressure oxygen-rich environment at
elevated temperatures. The longer it takes
for an exothermic reaction to occur, the
better the oxidative stability.
A common technique for measuring friction and wear is the four-ball wear test. In
this test, a steel ball is rotated against
three stationary, lubricated balls (Figure
5). Results are presented as wear scars on
the stationary balls, which are measured
and averaged, along with the coefficient
of friction.
Another way to measure friction and
wear is using a schwingung (oscillating),
reibung (friction), verschlei (wear) instrument. The method measures the physical interactions between a lubricant and
two or more solid surfaces in either rotational or linear oscillatory motion.
The ability of a grease to prevent corrosion is most commonly tested using
the copper corrosion test. In this test, a
copper strip is submerged in grease and
placed in an oven for 24 hours. The strip
is then visually compared to a corrosion
CIRCLE 9 ON READER SERVICE CARD
www.powermag.com
19
s the effects of climate change have increased and renewable energy is becoming cost-competitive with conventional forms of energy generation, more and more towns,
cities, and counties are pushing their local utilities to increase
the amount of renewables in their energy portfolios. While many
utilities are embracing this shift to renewable energy, others are
slow to change due to significant investments in conventional
generation resources and a concern that over-reliance on intermittent renewable generators such as solar photovoltaic and
wind could jeopardize reliability.
Historically, if a town was not satisfied with the mix of energy
that the local utility was providing, it didnt have many options.
The town could try to leave the utility, form its own municipal
utility, and assume responsibility for customer service, power
procurement, and grid operations and maintenance. However,
forming a municipal utility is a major stepwith significant
costs and risksthat is just not practical for most small towns
and cities.
www.powermag.com
standup2cancer.org
#reasons2standup
#su2c
ASTRAZENECA, CANADIAN BREAST CANCER FOUNDATION, CANADIAN IMPERIAL BANK OF COMMERCE, CANADIAN INSTITUTES OF HEALTH RESEARCH,
CANCER STEM CELL CONSORTIUM, LILLY ONCOLOGY, FARRAH FAWCETT FOUNDATION, GENOME CANADA, LAURA ZISKIN FAMILY TRUST,
NATIONAL OVARIAN CANCER COALITION, ONTARIO INSTITUTE FOR CANCER RESEARCH, OVARIAN CANCER RESEARCH FUND ALLIANCE,
THE PARKER FOUNDATION, ST. BALDRICKS FOUNDATION, VAN ANDEL RESEARCH INSTITUTE
STAND UP TO CANCER IS A PROGRAM OF THE ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY FOUNDATION (EIF), A 501(C)(3) CHARITABLE ORGANIZATION. IMAGES FROM THE STAND UP TO CANCER 2012 AND 2014 SHOWS.
THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER RESEARCH (AACR) IS STAND UP TO CANCERS SCIENTIFIC PARTNER.
Dsseldorfs new Block Fortuna at the Lausward Power Plant, owned by municipal utility Stadtwerke Dsseldorf, is setting records and giving Germanys
coal-fired power plants some much-needed competition for backing up the
nations large percentage of variable renewable power.
Lee Buchsbaum
Key Players
As the turnkey provider, Siemens manufactured and provided all of Fortunas major
components, including its gas turbine, steam
turbine, generator, and heat recovery steam
generator (HRSG). The company also installed its SPPA-T3000 instrumentation and
control system, the plants main transformers, and will perform plant maintenance services. Including long-term maintenance for
its equipment, the Siemens contract was reportedly valued at about $562 million.
Several subcontractors constructed the
steel work and faade of the facility and
contributed other components and materials.
nate it at night. This shot was taken on official commissioning day, May 22, 2016. Courtesy: Siemens
Record-Setting Plant
The Latin word fortuna means luck or
destiny, and when officially commissioned
on May 22 this year, Fortuna represented both
the current technological apex of gas turbine
development and pointed the way forward for
how natural gaspowered plants can compete
with and eventually potentially replace coal
in Germany and in other locations around the
world while continuing to drive down CO2
emissions (see sidebar Never-ending Competition for Greater Efficiency).
Dsseldorfs development strategy was
to economically meet its ambitious climate
goals of achieving carbon neutrality by the
year 2050, which for this city in western
Never-ending Competition
for Greater Efficiency
Since commissioning of Unit 4 at the
Irsching Power Plant, Siemens has sold
nearly 80 other H-class turbines. Including the new Fortuna unit in Dsseldorf,
19 H-class turbines are now in commercial operation worldwide. Additionally,
combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) plants
are increasingly in demand, particularly
as global gas supplies increase. According to Siemens, combined, the companys
H-class turbines have delivered over
230,000 equivalent hours of operation
as of June 2016, fleet reliability is over
99%, and availability tops 96%.
However, as this story goes to press,
two of Fortunas records have already
been broken. In mid-June, General Electric, which recently purchased Alstom,
announced in combination with French
energy provider EDF that it had set a new
efficiency record of up to 62.22% at the
Bouchain, France, combined cycle power
plant. GEs high-performance HA turbine
was able to generate 605 MW, also surpassing Fortunas capacity.
The Bouchain plant is also designed for
quick starts and stops so it can ramp up as
renewables slow down. Ramp times however, are a little slower than at Fortuna.
Bouchain requires an additional 5 minutes
to fully power up. The technology vendor
battles continue as GE has pledged to surpass the 65% efficiency mark in coming
years as generators increasingly look to
CCGT plants to replace coal, reduce emissions, and ensure grid stability.
in combined heat and power (CHP) or cogeneration modeincreases overall efficiency
of the plant to around 85% and reduces CO2
emissions to 230 grams (g)/kWh. By way
23
Selected milestone
Completion of important
foundations
Sept. 1, 2014
Apr. 4, 2015
Official commissioning
POWER POINTS
Winning Attributes
Combined cycle gas turbine
power plant generation
efficiency record of 61.5% when
commissioned.
Electrical output record of 603.8
MW in single-shaft combined
cycle operation.
Highest thermal energy, 300
MW, extracted for district heating
anywhere in the world from a
single unit.
Visually attractive industrial
facility faade to integrate with
urban setting.
REINVENTION AWARD
Weve all probably purchased a lemonan item that didnt work as advertisedbut when that lemon is a $2.1 billion power plant, you cant just
return it. For Longview Powers management team, taking a belts-andsuspenders approach to problem-solving allowed them to identify root
causes, make changes, and convert their lemon into lemonade.
Aaron Larson
REINVENTION AWARD
1. Wholesale replacement. Installing tubes made of T22 with an Inconel overlay solved
the material problems in the boiler nose arch, shown here. Courtesy: Longview Power
2. A big job. More than 1,000 tubes were replaced during the rehabilitation project, some
of which were in the boiler front wall, shown here. Courtesy: Longview Power
REINVENTION AWARD
Table 1. Primary vendors involved in the rehabilitation project. Source:
Longview Power
Vendor
Equipment
Supercritical boiler, bottom ash system, and air quality control system
Howden
Siemens
Turbine generator
MTO250
Transformer Ohmmeter
The MTO250 makes it faster and easier to find resistance in your transformer
windings. Its superior user interface and high current output allows you to
test large transformers up to 10 times faster than a traditional 10 A model.
Encounter resistance...and power on.
us.megger.com/mto250
CIRCLE 10 ON READER SERVICE CARD
28
www.powermag.com
REINVENTION AWARD
4. More bags needed. Longviews pulse jet fabric filter required expansion because the
original design was based on the wrong fuel specification. Courtesy: Longview Power
POWER POINTS
Winning Attributes
Best net unit heat rate (highest
efficiency) in the U.S. coal fleet:
8,999 Btu/kWh.
Completed rehabilitation project
addressing major design errors in
only 18 months.
Equivalent availability factor of
98.5% since project completion.
more typical of a new machine, and hydrogen leakage is well under limits.
The steam turbine generator is a great Siemens machine that is extremely efficient and
reliable, said Chad Hufnagel, Longviews
reliability and performance manager. It is a
significant contributor to our extremely low
heat rate.
Adding Autonomy
Although Longview is a coal-fired plant, the
unit starts up using natural gas. That fact has
also allowed the plant to capitalize on the
low price of natural gas. Earlier this year, the
plant cofired up to 20% of its heat input using
natural gas simply because it was cheaper.
The surprising thing about that is that
Longview is a mine-mouth facility. The
plant is fully integrated with Mepco LLC,
29
REINVENTION AWARD
5. Ready to fire on demand. To ensure natural gas pipeline
curtailments wouldnt prevent the plant from operating, Longview installed the worlds largest mobile liquefied natural gas system. Courtesy: Longview Power
heating load on the natural gas system is high. Nelson noted that
the gas pipeline to the plant is subject to a lot of curtailments. So
Longview again took matters into its own hands; the plant installed
the worlds largest mobile liquefied natural gas (LNG) system (Figure 5).
We have a set of mobile LNG tanks that come to the plant loaded,
and we have vaporizers and infrastructure that allow us to complete
two full starts on LNG, said Nelson. That feature is imperative in
light of PJM Interconnection capacity performance requirements.
Efficiency Leader
its source of fuel, and is designed to utilize run-of-mine coal, avoiding the added cost and environmental impacts of fuel preparation.
Mepco transports coal from its underground mines to Longview using a 4.5-mile-long conveyor that minimizes transportation costs and
avoids the environmental and local traffic impacts that trucking or rail
delivery would invite. Yet, even with that arrangement, natural gas
was the more economic choice this spring.
However, starting up on gas can pose problems in the winter when
A Model of Excellence
Get me a Check-All !
Manufactured in
West Des Moines, Iowa, USA
515-224-2301
www.checkall.com sales@checkall.com
The $120 million spent on improvements by Longview and its contractors has turned the facility into the most efficient coal-fired power
plant in the U.S. According to U.S. Energy Information Administration
data, Longviews net unit heat ratea common performance metric
that represents the energy input required to produce a plants electrical outputwas 8,999 Btu/kWh during the first three months of 2016.
For comparison, American Electric Powers John W. Turk Jr.
Power Plant (a former POWER Plant of the Year, see AEPs John
W. Turk, Jr. Power Plant Earns POWERs Highest Honor in the
August 2013 issue and at powermag.com), which has an ultrasupercritical boiler and is assumed by many people to be the most efficient
plant in the country because of its design, had a net unit heat rate
of 9,234 Btu/kWh during the same period, more than 2.5% higher
than Longviews. The average net unit heat rate for the U.S. coal
fleet during the time was 10,525 Btu/kWh, nearly 17% higher than
Longviews.
The data from 2015 were also consistent with these results, so
Longviews recent performance is no flash in the pan. Operating a
more efficient plant means costs and emissions are reduced. Nelson
said Longview has the lowest dispatch cost of all coal-fired units in
the PJM market.
Were cheap. Were down with wind and hydro on our dispatch
costs, he said.
And being a low-cost electricity generator also means the plants
equivalent availability factor (EAF) has been positively affected. Before Longview went through its rehabilitation, tube leaks and other
problems caused the plants capacity factor to be in the low 70s
EAF was driving a poor capacity factor. Since all the modifications
were completed, Longviews EAF has been 98.5% and capacity factor is now being driven by the market.
West Virginia is the heart of coal country, so Longview has had a lot
of public support. Both of the states U.S. senators and several other
lawmakers, as well as public service commission members, have visited the site. Many left with the impression that the technology utilized at Longview could be the future of coal generation.
Look at Germany, Nelson said. They went through their renewables build-out and decided to close their nukes. For baseload power,
theyve been building coal plants recently, and the coal plants that
theyre building are like Longview.
Although Longviews early operation may not have been as stellar as
hoped for, in the end, things have worked out pretty well. Having the right
expertise, committing to continuous improvement, working tirelessly on
solutions, and developing effective implementation plans have all helped
the Longview team successfully overcome the challenges faced.
I cant say enough about how the whole team came together, said
Nelson. We planned the work and we worked the plan.
For the teams effort and the exceptional end result, Longview
Power Plant is a worthy recipient of POWERs 2016 Reinvention
Award.
www.powermag.com
OCTOBER 46
KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA
SHANGRI-LA HOTEL
www.coalpowerasia.com
28225
The governments of Ireland and Northern Ireland have big ambitions for their
unified electricity market, including a wind-heavy 40% renewable generation target by 2020. Making that happen while delivering safe, reliable
electricity to customers across the island means a sea change in how the
grid is operated. One of the first big steps is installation of the largest battery storage system in the UK and Ireland.
Thomas W. Overton, JD
coal and oil boilers and 140 MW of gas turbines. The third, the 400-MW Coolkeeragh
combined cycle plant, is in the regions west,
near Derry/Londonderry.
The Kilroot station began construction
in 1974 as an asset of the state-run utility
Northern Ireland Electricity (NIE). Originally intended as a four-unit, 1,200-MW oilfired plant, it was scaled back to two units
in the early 1980s as a result of government
budget cuts. Commercial operations began
in 1981, with the second unit coming online
the following year. When oil prices rose later
in the decade, the decision was made to add
dual-fuel capability, and the conversion was
completed in 1989. Since then, the plant has
burned mostly coal.
When NIE was privatized in 1991, it
moved to sell all of its power plants. AES
Corp. and Belgian firm Tractebel purchased
Kilroot in a 50/50 joint venture. Tractebel
would later sell its share to AES, leaving
AES as the sole owner. (AES would also purchase Ballylumford.)
POWER POINTS
Winning Attributes
Largest battery storage system
in the UK and Ireland and first
system operating at grid scale
Serving as key test bed for
studying effects and benefits of
battery storage for the islandwide Single Electricity Market
First phase in planned 100MW battery array that will help
Northern Ireland and the Republic
of Ireland meet their 40%-by2020 renewable energy target
Over its 35-year history, Kilroot has supported its responsibility as a critical leg of
the regions generation through repeated upgrades in its technology and environmental
controls. A flue gas desulfurization system
and selective non-catalytic reduction technology were added in the 2000s. A variety
of other improvements have helped boost the
plants heat rate and efficiency. And while
the installation of two 42-MW gas turbines
in 2009 gave Kilroot additional peaking capacity, the islands ever-increasing renewable
generation meant more than that was needed.
icies, and tools. Energy storage was identified early on as a critical element of system
performance.
AES is one of the world leaders in large
battery integration, and AES Energy Storage has deployed and operates the worlds
largest fleet of grid-connected batteries,
with 136 MW in operation and another 258
MW under construction or in late-stage development around the world. AES began
exploring possibilities for energy storage in
Northern Ireland even before DS3 was formally launched, as the market signalsin
particular, growing curtailment payments
to the islands wind farms as a result of the
grids inability to accept all the electricity
they were generatingmade storage economically promising.
John Zahurancik, president of AES Energy Storage, explained to POWER, Northern
Ireland is installing a significant amount of
renewable energy and is a leader in creating a
market-based mechanism that pays resources
for their performance and the value they deliver. That meant a market opportunity for
first movers.
In November 2014, AES co-hosted an energy storage seminar in the Northern Ireland Assembly with the All-Party Group on Science
and Technology to boost understanding of the
different types of energy storage, their applications, and capabilities. Among the speakers
was Mike Kormos, executive vice president
of operations at PJM, which oversees more
grid-connected storage than any other system
operator in the U.S. Kormos stressed that electricity storage was becoming an increasingly
important tool in grid management.
www.powermag.com
Kilroot already had a Harmonised Ancillary Services (HAS) contract in place with
SONI. AES in late 2014 proposed to install a
10-MW battery storage system at Kilroot using its Advancion 4 technology (which won
the Edison Electric Institutes International
Edison Award in Junesee 2016 Edison
Award Winners Announced at powermag.
com). The proposed Kilroot Array would
provide up to 9.9 MW of Primary Operating
Reserve, Secondary Operating Reserve and
Tertiary Operating Reserve 1 system services
at the existing regulated tariff rates under a
modified HAS contract.
Aggressive Start
Because of the impending changes under DS3,
AES set ambitious deadlines for installation of
the array to ensure that key stakeholders had
sufficient time to become familiar with the
technology. With DS3 releasing interim tariffs
in Q4 2016, AES set a January 1, 2016, target
for completion to ensure its partners could gain
experience with an operating system as the new
market structures were being developed. This
meant a mere six months from project kick-off
to commercial operation.
The battery array was not simply installed next to the existing plant. Rather, it
was built inside it and integrated into the
existing infrastructure. The vacant hall built
for the never-installed turbine 4 was chosen
for the site of the array to allow it to interconnect through the existing distribution
boards and transformers of the operational
Unit 2 (Figure 1). The presence of asbestos
in the area meant that some remediation efforts were necessary.
AES supplied the fourth generation of its
Advancion energy storage technology. Batteries were supplied by LG Chem and the inverters by Parker-Hannifin, with construction
and balance of plant components by Scotts
33
Looking Forward
3. Narrow band. The Kilroot Array provides mostly frequency regulation services. Because Northern Ireland grid operator SONI wants to learn more about the potential of large
grid-connected storage, it operates inside a narrower, more aggressive band than conventional
generation, kicking in any time system frequency strays more than 1% outside nominal. Courtesy: AES UK & Ireland
Full power discharge
49.9 Hz
Dead band
recharge zone
Frequency
50.5 Hz
49.5 Hz
50.1 Hz
WATER AWARD
To satisfy Chinas more stringent water use and air pollution rules, developers of
the new 1.3-GW ultrasupercritical coal-fired Changxing Power Plant used a
novel forward osmosisbased brine concentration and water reuse process
to treat flue gas desulfurization wastewater for zero liquid discharge (ZLD).
It is the worlds first commercial application of this technology.
Sonal Patel
WATER AWARD
1. Designed for flexibility. The Changxing zero liquid discharge (ZLD) flue gas desulfurization (FGD) water treatment process is designed for flexibility. Blowdown water from the FGD
scrubber is pretreated via contact clarifier with rapid mixing of soda ash and lime to remove the
typical 8,000 to 15,000 milligrams per liter of hardness (as calcium carbonate). The softened
wastewater is then filtered and polished using weak acid cation ion exchange (CAC IX) beds
to reduce hardness to single-digit levels. Reverse osmosis (RO) then concentrates the stream
from approximately 20,000 parts per million (ppm) of total dissolved solids to 60,000 ppm. The
membrane brine concentration (MBC) forward osmosis system used for brine concentration is
designed as three parallel trains supported by a single draw solution recovery system. This allows flexibility to handle a flow range of 30% to 110% of design flow, while the system provides
consistent quality of feed to the final ZLD step of crystallization. Source: Oasys Water
Media filters WAC IX polisher
POWER POINTS
Winning Attributes
The coal-fired power plants
novel forward osmosisbased
zero liquid discharge system
desalinates its wastewater from
flue gas desulfurization for reuse
in the boiler feedwater loop.
Raw water
RO polishing Preconcentration
Chemical softening
Pretreatment system
Three-train
design
Thermal draw
recovery system
ClearFlo MBC system
MBC product
brine
Solids
Crystallizer
Crystallizer
signed to use forward osmosis (FO) technology as the brine concentration technology for
the ZLD train.
Complete softening of the FGD wastewater was required due to the high concentration factor required for ZLD, in order
to minimize opportunities for scaling in
the pre-concentrating RO system and for
premature saturation of minerals in the
crystallizer. Stoichiometric softening in a
contact clarifier was combined with weak
acid cation ion exchange polishing.
MBC process flexibility was maximized
so that the wide range of feed flow and
water quality could be managed. To accomplish this, the team defined four design cases for flow and incoming TDS.
The RO and FO components of the MBC
were then designed to produce stable brine
TDS, allowing flow and overall recovery
to float as necessary.
To maximize turndown ratio, the FO component of the MBC was split into three
parallel trains (Figure 1), a configuration
that allows operation of the MBC at flows
from 60% to 110% of design maximum.
WATER AWARD
2. The new skid on the block. The membrane brine concentrator systems forward
osmosis skids at the Changxing plant. Courtesy: Oasys Water
stage crystallizer at a target TDS concentration of 220,000 mg/l or higher. Currently, the
crystallizer processes 2.5 m3/hour of brine,
operates at pH 8.08.5, and concentrates the
brine to saturation. A pusher centrifuge and
hot air dryer system then remove remaining
water to less than 0.5%. Finally, produced
mixed salt crystals of more than 95% (NaCl
+ Na2SO4) are bagged and palletized for sale
to chemical manufacturers in the region.
Lessons Learned
Design basis
15.026.4
m3/h
Actual conditions
27.030.0 m3/h
25,00040,000 mg/l
8,6009,500 mg/l
>220,000 mg/l
>220,000 mg/l
<100 mg/l
3550 mg/l
79%88%
93%97%
How It Works
The FO trains are driven by an osmotic pressure gradient created across a semi-permeable membrane to achieve spontaneous and
preferential diffusion of water molecules
from a saline feed into a proprietary draw solution. As water crosses the FO membrane, it
dilutes the draw solution. At the draw solution exit of the FO array (Figure 2), it has extracted the prescribed amount of clean water
from the wastewater stream and a separation
process must be performed to reconcentrate
the draw solution and to separate the clean
water stream for reuse.
To reconcentrate the draw solution, it must
be heated to between 45C and 65C above
37
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
ny power generation company involved in new construction or an upgrade or retrofit project hopes it will
see completion safely, without exceeding
schedule or budget. But whether the project
involves first-of-a-kind or familiar technology, it seems there are frequently projectspecific complications to overcome. To learn
what new tools and techniques construction
firms are using to deliver successful projects,
POWER reached out to half a dozen companies. Two, Kiewit and Fluor, responded. Both
work on projects involving all fuel types,
from fossil to nuclear to renewables.
1. New responsibilities. Late last year, Fluor was brought in to replace the previous
contractor for construction of two new nuclear projects, Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4 in Georgia
and V.C. Summer Units 3 and 4 in South Carolina. Here a containment vessel ring is placed at
V.C. Summer Unit 3 in April 2016. Courtesy: South Carolina Electric & Gas
www.powermag.com
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Throughout all phases of the project,
productivity is key. With careful analysis
using cutting-edge technology we can significantly level manpower curves by trade,
he said. Additionally, we use manpower and
field density tools to ensure that work is sequenced as effectively as possible.
ization on a project, reducing plot plan, onsite labor, and material requirements, Penley
said. On one oil and gas project, we were
able to reduce the plot plan requirements by
40% versus a traditional design approach.
On another project, use of 3rd Gen Modular
Execution helped reduce the projects capital
costs by 30% from initial estimates.
Kiewits Flickinger said, In our experience, off-site modular construction has not
proved to be cost effective. We have performed countless studies on various projects
and have yet to find an opportunity where
it makes sense. However, he added, we
have utilized on-site modularization that has
proved effective. Specifically, we have been
able to better streamline the use of specialty
craftsmen and, in many cases, reduced the
amount of rework in the field.
www.powermag.com
39
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
2. Eyes in the sky. Drone technology was used to plan and arrange site materials on the
confined site of the new Woodbridge Energy Center in New Jersey. Courtesy: Kiewit
EXPLOSION SAFETY
and
PRESSURE RELIEF
for Power Plants
Inc.
3809 Beam Road Suite K | Charlotte, NC 28217, USA
T +1 704 716 7022 | F +1 704 716 7025
info@rembe.us | www.rembe.us
Workforce Training
A firm can have the latest, coolest technologies and processes, but without people, even
automated solutions cant get a project
built, so its no surprise that both firms dedicate significant resources to their workforce.
Our people are what separate us in our industry, Flickinger said, and weve worked
hard to retain our employees through up and
down cycles. While every company in our
sector has experienced some workforce challenges, weve generally been able to hold our
workforce number steady and add strong talent when needed.
Flickinger attributes his companys retention success to the significant investments made in training and development
of staff and craft employees: Kiewit spends
nearly $80 million on training and development annuallywell above the national
average per employee. That includes ongoing efforts on projects and through Kiewit
University, a long-standing training center
that provides more than 100,000 hours of
training each year through a wide range of
technical, leadership, and professional development curriculum. Construction on a new
62,000-square-foot Kiewit University building is under way in Omaha. The company
also provides hands-on skilled training at
its new center in Denver to support ongoing
craft and staff employee needs.
Fluor is focused on training as well. To
develop our skilled craft workforce, Penley said, we offer training at every stage of
a workers career, including free, entry-level
training in four trades, after-hours skills upgrade training at our jobsites, welder upgrade
training, and supervisory training. At the
recently completed Dominion Brunswick
County Power Station project in Virginia, Fluor offered tuition-free, after-hours skills training to craft professionals. In 2015 alone, the
company provided more than 12,000 hours
of training at that site, in disciplines ranging
from carpentry to pipefitting and welding.
Fluor also focuses on development of construction management professionals, placing new graduate employees immediately in
field assignments. Through this intensive
rotational process, employees train under
experienced superintendents and management, accelerating their understanding of our
industry and ability to effectively manage
work, Penley explained.
However, development alone will not
solve all of the labor challenges, he added,
which is why we are increasingly using techniques such as AWP and modularization to
improve project efficiency. For example, with
modularization, we can reduce onsite craft labor requirements. Fluor has fabrication yards
located at five locations across the globeby
using these yards, we can fabricate modules
where there is available labor and create cost
and schedule advantages for our clients.
www.powermag.com
GENERATION TRANSITIONS
1. Troubled road. Southern Co. rolled the dice on cutting-edge technology with its Kemper
County integrated gasification combined cycle plant in Mississippi, but the results have not
been favorable. When completepossibly this yearthe coal-fired plant will capture much of
its CO2 emissions with a first-of-its-kind system. Problems with the gasification and carbon
capture technology have caused the project to run years behind schedule and see dramatic
cost overruns that have ballooned the total price tag to more than twice the original estimate.
Courtesy: Southern Co.
Financial Clouds
Despite Fannings overall ebullience, Southern Co.s financial results have been showing
some strain. The impact of the companys
drive to adapt 20th-century generating technologies to the 21st century showed up in its
first-quarter (Q1) 2016 earnings. The company reported $485 million in Q1 earnings
(53/share) on $3.97 billion in revenues,
www.powermag.com
41
GENERATION TRANSITIONS
Southerns other large conventional investment is the addition of two new 1,000-MW
Westinghouse pressurized water reactors at
the existing, two-unit Vogtle station (Figure
2). That project has also seen major cost
overruns and project delays. Vogtle Units
3 and 4 are the product of the much-hyped
but little-realized nuclear renaissance the
nuclear industry envisioned late in the administration of President George W. Bush. It
was cut short by the major recession of 2008,
along with falling natural gas prices as a result of the success of hydraulic fracturing.
The Vogtle project got an $8 billion federal loan guarantee under the terms of 2007
energy legislation. It won Nuclear Regulatory Commission approval for a combined
construction and operating license in 2012.
At the time, Southern said the two units
would be commercial in 2016 and 2017, at a
cost to the company of $6 billion. Today, the
best estimate is that the two units could be
commercial around 2020 at a cost of nearly
$10 billion. Those figures are from the companyother assessments put Southerns
share of the project at around $14 billion.
The Georgia Public Service Commission
(PSC) in May began hearings on whether
the investments in Vogtle were prudent, a
term of utility law that allows the company
to recover its investments from customers,
even as they have escalated. Its unlikely that
state regulators will rule against the utility.
Commissioner Stan Wise indicated at a Platts
nuclear conference earlier this year (see The
Global Nuclear Power Industry Faces Localized Outlooks in the April 2016 issue or online at powermag.com) that he believes the
cost overruns and schedule delays have been
prudent.
But veteran energy journalist Dennis
Wamsted, writing for The Energy Collective,
recently argued that the state regulators have
been asleep at the wheel on Vogtle. He wrote,
The real question though isnt whether
George Power has spent customers money
(and believe you me it is customers, not the
utility, that are paying for this long-delayed,
much over-budget project) prudently, but
where in the hell the adults were when the
decision was made to go ahead with construction in the first place.
GENERATION TRANSITIONS
2. Nuclear redux. When Southern Co.s two-unit expansion at Plant Vogtle in Georgia began construction in 2012, it was the first new nuclear reactor project to break ground in the U.S.
in decades. But the project has seen repeated delays that have pushed its in-service date back
to at least 2020. Courtesy: Southern Co.
A Long History
Southern Co.s roots reach back into the late
19th century. Thomas Edisons Pearl Street
station in Manhattan, the nations first central station generation unit, started in 1882
(the same year that POWER was launched).
In 1883 in Atlanta, the Georgia Electric
Light Co. organized and began building its
first generating station. At the same time,
Savannah, Ga., and Montgomery, Ala., in-
GENERATION TRANSITIONS
the second-largest United States utility, with
about nine million customers. The largest is
Chicago-based Exelon.
The AGL deal has encountered little resistance from the myriad state and federal
agencies that had a piece of the regulation
action. It is expected to close this summer.
Nasdaq observed, Once merged, the companies would operate close to 200,000 miles
of electric transmission and distribution lines
and would also integrate more than 80,000
miles of gas pipelines.
Yet there could be a few dark clouds on
the horizon, beyond the inevitable problems
of merging two large companies into an
even larger, coordinated entity (about half
of mergers of publicly traded companies
turn out to be failures, according to government statistics).
Southern tried to get into gas distribution
in 2002, according to the companys website,
launching Southern Company GAS with
200,000 retail customers. That didnt work,
and three years later, the company sold the
gas distribution business to Cobb EMC, a rural electric cooperative based in Marietta, Ga.
Cobb formed an Atlanta-based subsidiary,
Gas South, to run the gas distribution business serving some 280,000 retail customers.
Gas South is currently doing well.
wer
The Digital Po k:
o
Plant Guidebo
Focus on
ols,
Advanced Contr
Data Science,
and Analytics
44
www.powermag.com
WIND POWER
Status Quo
In the past decade, wind power has achieved
rapid development in China. Installed capacity
jumped from less than 75 MW in 2004 to 145
GW in 2015. Wind powers share of total installed capacity has exceeded 7%, which means
wind power has become the third-largest power
source, behind thermal power and hydropower.
After many years of preparation and development of policy and industry, Chinas
offshore wind power sector is expected to
accelerate, beginning in 2016. Specifically,
offshore wind power may start to move into
actual business operation at the end of this
year. According to the 12th Five Year Plan
of Wind Power presented by the National
Energy Administration of China, 5 GW
of offshore wind power was planned to be
operational by the end of 2015, increasing
to 30 GW by the end of 2020. However, as
Figure 1 shows, the 2015 target was missed
by 4 GW.
sources at sea, and offshore turbines have greater unit capacity and higher utilization hours.
Meanwhile, offshore wind farms are closer to
load centers, which makes wind curtailment
less likely. Therefore, offshore wind power is a
certain direction for future development.
According to surveying and mapping by
China Meteorological Administration, the
amount of wind energy resources that can
be developed technically in China is about
500 GW in the range of 5 to 50 meters water
depth, as shown in Table 1 (areas for waterways, fisheries, and other purposes, as well
as areas where strong and super typhoons
passed three times or more historically, are
excluded). Although the exploitable wind resources offshore are only one-fifth of those
onshore, when you consider the rate of devel-
opable/developed resources and the exploitable resources per unit area, the potential of
offshore wind power is greater. Consequently, the average annual growth rate is also expected to be greater for offshore than onshore
development in the future.
Considering the advantages and the potential of offshore wind power (Figure 2), both
the government and companies have started
to attach importance to its development and
construction.
Development and construction of offshore wind facilities in China was relatively
slow in 2014 and 2015. The main reasons
included these:
Pre-approval of projects is complex due to
multiple management responsibilities be-
1. Chinas offshore wind capacity. The 12th Five Year Plan of Wind Power planned
for 5 GW of offshore wind power by the end of 2015, but that goal was not reached. Source:
Chinese Wind Energy Association, www.cwea.org.cn
New installed capacity Total installed capacity
1,200
1,000
800
MW
ffshore wind power has a very important role to play in easing power
shortages in coastal areas of China
and in responding to climate change effectively. Chinas abundant offshore wind energy resources, coupled with todays improved
technology and the support of national policies, indicate that offshore wind farms will
become a rapidly growing energy market.
At the same time, the offshore wind power
equipment industry will become a significant
economic growth sector.
In 2016, Chinas offshore wind power
development is expected to accelerate after years of preparations in both policy and
industry levels. This article analyzes the
current situation of offshore wind power development in China as well as its development potential and driving forces.
600
400
200
0
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Table 1. Wind energy resources in China. Source: China Meteorological Administration, www.cma.gov.cn
Area
Onshore: height of 70 meters
Offshore: height of 100 meters,
depth of 550 meters
www.powermag.com
Resource area (x
10,000 km2)
Developed
amount (GW)
~960
2,600
124.00
39.4
500
0.82
45
WIND POWER
2. Wind power resource. Annual average wind power density distribution of 5 to
20 meters water depth and 100 meters height
in coastal waters of China. Source: China
Wind Power Development Roadmap to 2050
Offshore wind turbine manufacturing develops toward large scale and specialization.
Increasing competition in links on the industrial supply chain.
Experience is accumulated with optimized
installation methods and new types of
foundation support.
Achieving economies of scale in manufacturing.
Driving Forces
There are several driving forces for offshore
wind power development in China.
Cost Reductions Are Driven by Technology Progress and Optimization of
the Industrial Supply Chain. The offshore
wind power sector is new, which means components and equipment used in China are
mostly adapted from other industries. Therefore, the industrial supply chain for offshore
wind power is immature and imperfect. Also,
there is tremendous room for progress in
technology and installation methods.
With increased research and investment
in related fields, cost reductions may be realized. For example, as is forecasted by the
Crown Estate, the levelized cost of electricity
(LCOE) of offshore power in England can, in
a variety of ways, drop by 39% compared to
2011 by the year 2020. That would be a drop
from 140/MWh in 2011 to 85.4 /MWh in
2020.
46
If YES popped into your head while reading this list, we want to
hear from you!
Deadline for submission is August 12, 2016go online today and
submit your abstract for consideration!
Visit www.electricpowerexpo.com
for more details
www.electricpowerexpo.com
www.powermag.com
WIND POWER
3. First launch. Chinas first offshore
wind farm demonstration project was put into
operation in 2010. Shanghai Donghai Bridge
100-MW offshore wind farm project was also
the first large-scale offshore wind farm in Asia
and provides power for 400,000 households.
Courtesy: Baidu
5. Offshore wind power capacity planning of coastal provinces in China. Source: Shanghai Geotechnical Investigations and Design Institute, www.sgidi.com
Hebei (2020)
Hebei
(2020)
(5,600 M W)
(5,600
MW)
Heilongji ang
J ili n
L i aoning
X inJ i ang
Beij ing
T i anj in
I nner M ongoli a
Shandong
(2020)
Shandong ( 2020
)
W)
(7(7,000
,000MMW)
Jiangsu
J iangsu(2020)
(2020)
(9,450MW)
M W)
(9,450
Hebei
Ningxi a
Shanxi
Shandong
Qinghai
J iangsu
G ansu
Henan
Shaanxi
T i bet
Si chuan
Shanghai
A nhui
Hubei
Zhej iang
C hongqing
J iangxi
G uizhou
F uj ian
Y unnan
G uangxi
Z hejiang(2020)
(2020)
Zhejiang
(3,700 M W)
(3,700
MW)
FujFuj
i an
i an(2020)
(2020)
( 1,100
MW )
(1,100
MW)
G uangdong
GGuangdong
uangdong(2030)
(10,710 M W)
Hainan
Hunan
Shanghai
Shanghai
(1,750 M
W)
(1,750
MW)
(2030)
(10,710 MW)
WIND POWER
6. Joint venture. Shanghai Electric Wind Energy Ltd. and Siemens Wind Power Equipment
(Shanghai) Co., Ltd. are two joint ventures between Shanghai Electric and Siemens. Shanghai
Electric is holding 51% of the shares in both companies, while Siemens is holding 49%. By the
end of 2015, these two companies had taken more than 300 MW of offshore wind turbine orders.
Its said in the annual report of Shanghai Electric Wind that both companies will start bidding for
offshore wind power investment and operation projects in 2016. Courtesy: Baidu
A Promising Outlook
Offshore wind power technology has been
greatly improved after nearly 20 years of development. However, its main problem lies in
Together,
We Can.
One size does not always fit all your challenges are unique and
your solution should be too.
U.S. Water works as a member of your team to
understand your unique operating challenges
and dynamics. By combining our innovative
equipment and sustainable chemical programs,
we are able to offer integrated water treatment
solutions designed to prevent unscheduled
downtime, improve system reliability
and support your environmental goals.
www.uswaterservices.com
(866) 663-7633
CIRCLE 14 ON READER SERVICE CARD
48
www.powermag.com
WATER
All of these measures play a role in designing a purification process, and all are
important for designing a cost-effective temporary treatment system.
Turbidity is expressed in NTU, or nephelometric turbidity units, using a turbidimeter,
which measures the intensity of light scattered at 90 degrees as a beam passes through
the water sample.
If the feedwater contains iron, manganese,
or especially high levels of organics, then a
total suspended solids (TSS) analysis is highly recommended. TSS can provide a more
accurate assessment of purity because iron,
manganese, and organics can impart color to
the feedwater. This can create a false sense of
how much material is suspended in the water
and cause engineers to use more purification
equipment than necessary.
TSS is a measure of the dry weight of the
suspended particles. A measured volume of
feedwater is poured through a pre-weighed
filter, which is dried and re-weighed. TSS is
often measured in milligrams per liter from
the volume of water filtered. TSS can then be
correlated with turbidity, and turbidity can be
easily and quickly measured with a handheld
device in the field.
Sources of suspended solids, which are
common in surface water, include decaying
tree branches and leaves; sediments from
storm water runoff; storm water pollution
from paved surfaces such as roads, bridges,
and parking lots; and colloidal rock particles
from quarrying, mining, and coal recovery.
If not reduced to required levels, this organic
www.powermag.com
WATER
1. Exchange services. Demineralization removes dissolved inorganics through the use of
an ion-exchange process. Feedwater is passed through tanks containing specially manufactured
resin beads, which attract and remove the dissolved minerals. Courtesy: MPW Industrial Services
For example, does the plant have any analytics on the feedwater based on the operations
of its permanent system on site? These can
shed light on seasonal variations, which can
be helpful if the commissioning takes longer
Platts World
Electric Power
Plants Database
Need a global inventory of electric power generating
units? Platts World Electric Power Plants Database
contains design speci cations for more than
200,000 plants of all sizes, technologies, fuels
and operating status owned and/or operated by
regulated utilities, private power companies, and
industrial autoproducers.
Visit www.udidata.com for more information.
50
www.powermag.com
WATER
2. Reverse approach. Reverse osmosis technology, which passes feedwater through a
semipermeable membrane under pressure, can lower total dissolved solids by 98% or more.
Courtesy: MPW Industrial Services
One of the least-appreciated aspects of supplying water for hydrotesting and steam
blows is addressing the wastewater generated
www.powermag.com
ELECTRICAL
A Busway Primer
Busway is a highly efficient method for distributing electrical power throughout a facilityparticularly when it comes to loading
or extending power from an existing distribution system. It comes in various shapes,
sizes, and forms (Figure 1), but in general, all
busway solutions feature the same core elements (Figure 2).
52
Feeder busway: Available in a wide variety of configurations, these are the main
building blocks of a busway system and
include both straight lengths as well as fittings, such as elbows, tees, and offsets.
Plug-in busway: Available in straight
lengths only, these pieces feature the added
ability to support one or more bus plugs at
fixed positions. Bus plugs allow for power
to be tapped off the busway system through
overcurrent devices (such as breakers or
fuses) to feed downstream loads easily.
ELECTRICAL
2. Sized to meet application needs. Busway components are constructed with
a lightweight and durable, two-piece, aluminum-extruded housing. The nonventilated design
prevents moisture and dust penetration. Courtesy: Eaton Corp.
Most busway manufacturers require facilities and contractors to connect other products like group metering and panelboards via
cable runs between bus plugs and distribution
equipment. The most sophisticated busway
www.powermag.com
Reflect on Options
Though cable and conduit has been the default choice for distributing power to electrical equipment for many years, busway offers
an extensive list of practical and financial advantages for power facility operators. Those
plants looking to simplify power distribution
and increase agility while saving money and
conserving space should take a close look at
carefully designed and equipped busway solutions with the features, support, and capabilities to meet their unique and evolving needs.
ADVERTISERS INDEX
Enter reader service numbers on the FREE Product Information Source card in this issue.
Page
3M Industrial
Reader
Service
Number
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cover 2 . . . . . 1
Reader
Service
Page Number
Kiewit Power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . . . 2
www.3m.com/liqui-cel
www.kiewit.com
www.amecfw.com
www.mcwhirtersteel.com
Megger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 . . . . . . . .10
www.appliedbolting.com
www.megger.com
Rembe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 . . . . . . . .13
www.babcock.com
www.rembe.us
Siemens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 . . . . . . . . 3
www.checkall.com
CIRCOR
www.siemens.com/gasturbines
................................................... 9 ........ 5
www.circorenergy.com
www.uswaterservices.com
Victory Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 . . . . . . . . 4
www.grisley.com
www.victoryenergy.com
Winsted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 . . . . . . . . 8
www.hilliardcorp.com
www.winsted.com
POWER
FromtheeditorsofPOWER:Thee-newsletterdevotedto
thecoal-firedpowergenerationindustry
Technicalarticles,coalpowernews,blogs,opinion,
andinformation.
Easyretrievalofarchived COALPOWE R features.
Instantaccesstoouradvertisersformoreinformation
abouttheirproducts.
Theabilitytocommentonstoriesandshareyourknowledge
withthecoal-burningpowerplantcommunity.
54
www.powermag.com
POWER PLANT
BUYERS MART
POWER PROFESSIONALS
Visit us at:
Respected. Responsive.
www.PowerIndustryCareers.com
Results - dRiven.
PRODUCT
Showcase
Respected.
Responsive.
GAS TURBINES
Results - FOR SALE
dRiven.
LM2500
LM6000
FT4
FRAME 9E
OTHERS
FRAME 5
50/60Hz, nat gas or liq fuel,
installation and service available
Available for Immediate Shipment
Respected. Responsive.
Results - dRiven.
FOR SALE/RENT
24 / 7 EMERGENCY SERVICE
BOILERS
20,000 - 400,000 #/Hr.
Respected.
www.ethosenergygroup.com/gasturbines
Responsive.
Tel:
+1 713.812.2305
Results - dRiven.
turbinesales@ethosenergygroup.com
ctrdh.com
Layup Desiccant Dehumidification &
Filtration Units for long term corrosion
control during long or short term layup of
power generation equipment.
For over 35 years of drying solutions contact:
Tom Haarala
612-202-0765
thaarala@ctrdh.com
Todd Bradley
810-229-7900
tbradley@ctrdh.com
25 - 4000 HP
847-541-5600
FAX: 847-541-1279
WEB SITE: www.wabashpower.com
wabash
POWER
EQUIPMENT CO.
Turbine Controls
Woodward, GE, MHC
Parts and Service
TurboGen (610) 631-3480
info@turbogen.net
READER SERVICE NUMBER 206
To Advertise in
POWER Classifieds
CONTACT:
Diane Burleson
PHONE:
512-337-7890
FAX:
512-213-4855
dianeb@powermag.com
READER SERVICE NUMBER 204
www.powermag.com
55
COMMENTARY
www.powermag.com
www.powermag.com