Signal & Systems: Review of EE 224 Concepts

Basic signals:

, sin

Fourier transform:

Fourier series (for periodic signals discrete spectrum = harmonics of fundamental)

/

LTI System

Impulse response vs. convolution:

Laplace transform (richer building blocks than F.T.:

Signal & Systems: Introduction

Signal: Function of time or space
Audio signal: Time Pressure
Video signal: Time * Space Light intensity

System: Function of signals (manipulates signals)

Input signal System output signal
Example system: Communication system (chapter 5)
Message transmitter channel receiver estimate of message
Message signal is either directly modulated onto a carrier wave (analog comm.) or
digitized and then modulated onto a carrier wave (digital comm.)
Analog modulation: AM, FM, PM; Digital modulation: ASK, FSK, PSK, MSK
A/D conversion: Sampling; Quantization; Coding (compression/error-correction)

Signal & Systems: Introduction

Example system: Control system (chapter 9)
input

Plant actual output

Controller

Controller works in conjunction with Plant so plant output tracks reference

input, and is robust against disturbance & noise.
Control needed for correct response, stability, robustness against uncertainty.
Control system are present virtually everywhere including airplane, automobile,
robots(pathfinder), space shuttle, machine tools, oil refineries, paper mills, power
plants, nuclear reactors, biology, etc.
Example System in Discrete Time: Mortgage computation system:
= loan balance at end of

month

= monthly interest rate

1
(

payment at end of

= Initial loan amount.

month)

Signal & Systems: Introduction

Example System: MEMS (Microelectronic Mechanical
Systems) accelerometer, that consists of moveable
capacitor plates, whose gaps change under motion,
causing capacitance to change.
It may be modeled as a mass-damper-string system,
reacts to external force

by producing displacement .

Signal & Systems: Introduction

Example System: A multi-path
communication system, and its blockdiagram model.