Kartuli Khelnaweri Albomi

qarTuli xelnaweri wigni
xelnawerTa erovnuli centri

NATIONAL CENTRE OF MANUSCRIPTS
Tbilisi 2010 TBILISI
GEORGIAN
qarTuli
MANUSCRIPT BOOK
xelnaweri wigni
5th-19th centuries
V-XIX ss.
ON-LINE ALBUM
eleqtronuli albomi
Prepared by Maia Karanadze, Lela Shatirishvili, Nestan Chkhikvadze
Seadgines maia karanaZem, lela SaTiriSvilma, nestan CxikvaZem,
with participation Tamar Abuladze
Tamar abulaZis monawileobiT
Editor: Nestan Chkhikvadze
nestan CxikvaZis redaqciiT
aRniSnuli proeqti ganxorcielda ssip qarTvelologiis, humanitarul

da socialur mecnierebaTa fondSi (rusTavelis fondi), amJamad
SoTa rusTavelis erovnul samecniero fondSi, mopovebuli grantis
meSveobiT (granti N016-08). winamdebare publikaciaSi gamoTqmuli
nebismieri azri ekuTvniT avtorebs da, SesaZloa, ar asaxavdes ssip
rusTavelis erovnuli samecniero fondis Sexedulebebs.
Current project was executed and accomplished by the financial support of

the Foundation of Georgian Studies, Humanitiess and Siocial Sciences (Rustaveli
foundation) at present Rustaveli National Science Foundation (Grant N016-08).
Any idea in this publication belongs to the author and may not represent
the opinion of the Rustaveli National Science Foundation itself.
albomis dizaini
viola tuRuSi
fotoebi
mirian kilaZe
albomSi gamoqveynebuli fotomasalisa da TiToeuli monakveTis raime formiT

(eleqtronuli, beWduri) gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia mxolod saavtoro uflebis
mflobelis werilobiTi nebarTvis safuZvelze.
winamdebare AalbomSi warmodgenilia xelnawerTa erovnuli centris

fondebSi (A, H, S, Q) daculi V-XIX ss-is qarTuli xelnaweri wignebi
da ucxoeTis (sinis mTAa, ierusalimis berZnuli sapatriarqo) qarTuli
koleqciebis is fotoaslebi, romelTa gamoyenebis uflebasac flobs
xelnawerTa erovnuli centri. albomSi Sesuli adiSis oTxTavis mxatvruli
asli Sesrulebulia avtorTa mier Sedgenili aRwerilobisa da miTiTebebis
safuZvelze. yvela es xelnaweri TvalnaTliv asaxavs wignis, rogorc
kulturul-istoriuli fenomenis, warmoSobisa da ganviTarebis istorias.
Aalbomi Sedgeba oTxi Tavisgan. masSi Tavmoyril masalas axlavs zogadi
Sinaarsis sainformacio teqsti da saTanado fotonimuSebi anotaciebis
TanxlebiT. alboms erTvis zogadi bibliografia.
albomi gamiznulia qarTuli werilobiTi kulturis istoriiT
dainteresebuli mkiTxvelebisTvis.
An on-line album of Georgian manuscript book was created within the Grant project
Georgian Manuscript Book (including website) financed by Rustaveli research fund.
N. Chkhikvadze (scientific research manager), M. Karanadze, L. Shatirishvili were
working on this project with participation of T.Abuladze.
In the album there are represented 5th-19th cent. Georgian manuscript books preserved
in the fonds of National Centre of Manuscripts (A, H, S, Q) as well as some items
belonging to foreign funds and National Manuscript Centre has the legal right of using
photo copies of them.
Artistic copy of Adishi gospel is accomplished on the bases of authors descriptions and
instructions. All this manuscripts show the origin and the development of the book as
a cultural-historical phenomenon.
Album consists of four chapters. Common informational texts and photos
with annotation come with every collected material, as well as main bibliography.
ISBN 978-9941-0-3093-2

n. CxikvaZe, l. SaTiriSvili, m. karanaZe
This album will be helpful for readers who are interested in written culture.
qarTuli werilobiTi kulturis saTaveebi.

damwerlobis warmoSoba
qarTul xelnawerTa Seqmnisa da gadanacvlebis ruka (V-XVII ss.)
qarTuli xelnaweri tradicia 16-saukunovan istorias iTvlis. misi uZvelesi nimuSebi V saukuniT TariRdeba. es adreuli furclebic ki savsebiT naTel warmodgenas
gviqmnian
Tanadrouli
epoqis
inteleqtualuri
cxovrebis, mxatvruli azrovnebisa da materialuri kulturis ganviTarebis Sesaxeb. qarTuli xelnaweri ar Seqmnila Caketil da msoflio civilizaciisagan mowyvetil
garemoSi. mis warmoSobasa da ganviTarebas, erTi mxriv,
xeli Seuwyo saqarTvelos kulturulma da politikurma orientaciam da, meore mxriv, saxelmwifoebriobisa
da kulturuli identurobis dacvis aucileblobam. am
identurbis erT-erT mniSvnelovan elements ki qarTuli damwerlobis warmoSoba Seadgenda.
rodis da ra viTarebaSi Seiqmna qarTuli damwerloba? am kiTxvis pasuxs mecniereba xangrZlivi drois
ganmavlobaSi eZebs. qarTuli anbanis Zirebs ukavSireben
finikiur, arameul, berZnul damwerlobebs. azrTa sxva
dasxvaobas iwvevs misi warmoSobis droc. mkvlevarTa
nawili qarTul anbans preqristianuli epoqis movlenad
miiCnevs, xolo nawili qristianobis Semdgom Camoyalibebul sistemad. azrTa aseT sxvadasxvaobas xels uw
yobs antikuri xanis saqarTvelos Sesaxeb arsebuli ber-
naTel magaliTs warmoadgens armazis xevSi aRmoCenili
Znuli wyaroebi (apolonios rodoseli, Zv. w. 295-215;
ax. w. II s-iT daTariRebuli orenovani epitafia, romelic
svidas leqsikoni, X s.), romelTa Tanaxmad, jer kidev
samecniero literaturaSi armazis bilingvis saxeliTaa
argonavtebis epoqis kolxeTSi arsebobda tyavze naweri
cnobili. sayuradReboa erTi garemoeba: bilingvis ar-
wignebi. qarTveli mematiane leonti mroveli (XI s.) ki
ameuli anbani Crdilo mesopotamiuri arameulis da-
qarTuli damwerlobis warmoSobas ukavSirebs qarTlis
moukidebel Stos e. w. armazul damwerlobas warmoad-
mefe farnavazs (Zv. w. III s.): èse farnavaz iyo pirveli
gens. rogorc Cans, swored igi unda yofiliyo qarTlis
mefe qarTlsa Sina qarTlosisa naTesavTagani. aman ga-
saxelmwifo-sakancelario enaca da anbanic. rac Seexeba
navrco ena qarTuli da arRara iZraxeboda sxua ena
ebrauls, igi qarTlSi kompaqturad dasaxlebuli ebrau-
qarTlsa Sina Tnier qarTulisa da aman Seqmna mwigno-
li eTnosis damwerlobas warmoadgenda.
broba qarTuli~. magram qarTuli damwerlobis uZvele-
am anbanuri sistemebis gamoyenebas arc literatu-
si nimuSebi, rogorc zemoTac aRvniSneT, mxolod V sau-
ruli da, Sesabamisad, arc xelnaweri tradicia ar war-
kunidan dasturdeba. maS, ra safuZveli hqonda mematianes
mouSvia. Tumca armazuli damwerlobis arseboba ukve
werilobiTi kulturis dasawyisi CvenSi Zv.w. III saukuniT
migvaniSnebs, rom qarTul saxelmwifo da sazogadoebriv
daeTariRebina? am kiTxvas erTgvarad exmianeba saqarT-
azrovnebas erTi biZgiRa sWirdeboda sakuTari anbanuri
velos teritoriaze mopovebuli arqeologiuri masala,
sistemisa da samwerlobo-dokumenturi kulturis Camo-
romelzec dadasturebulia Zv. w. III ax. w. III sauku-
sayalibeblad. amgvari biZgi qristianoba iyo.
neebiT daTariRebuli berZnuli, arameuli da ebrauli

warwerebi.
es
warwerebi
gvxvdeba
rogorc
qristianoba CvenSi aRmosavleTidan movida. isto-
sakulto-
riuli gadmocemis Tanaxmad, moZRvreba qarTvelTa So-
saritualo, aseve sayofacxovrebo nivTebze samkaule-
ris I saukuneSi gaavrceles svimeon kananelma da andria
bze, sabeWdavebze, Tixis, minisa da vercxlis WurWelze,
pirvelwodebulma. unda vifiqroT, mociqulTa Semosvlam
saflavis qvebsa Tu stelebze. es faqtebi savsebiT bune-
Tavdapirvelad Camoayaliba mxolod mcire qristianuli
briv movlenad unda miviCnioT, vinaidan saqarTvelos
Temi, romelic jer kidev ver gansazRvravda qveynis kul-
samxreT kavkasiis qveyanas uZvelesi mWidro kulturuli
turulsa da inteleqtualur cxovrebas, magram, uTuod,
da savaWro-ekonomikuri urTierTobebi hqonda rogorc
amzadebda didi cvlilebis niadags. axali moZRvrebis
antikur saberZneTTan, aseve mcire da axlo aRmosav-
SeTviseba axali codnis safuZvelic unda gamxdariyo.
leTis qveynebTan. am urTierTobaTa safuZvelze, garda
Zlier warmarTul miTologiur zepir mexsierebas unda
materialuri kulturis nimuSebisa, CvenSi Semodioda am
dapirispireboda wignieri, werilobiTi tradicia. albaT,
kulturuli sivrcisTvis damaxasiaTebeli codna da ga-
amitomac iyo, rom adreulma qristianobam swored weri-
mocdileba. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imasac, rom zogadad
lobiT daafiqsira ieso qristes gankacebisa da amqveyn-
damwerlobaTa ganviTarebis istoriaSi xmelTaSuazRvis
iur cxovrebasTan dakavSirebuli yvela istoria, yvela
auzis qveynebs gansakuTrebuli roli ekisrebaT, gasak-
qristianul TemSi daculi Txroba, romelTagan zogierTi
viric ar iqneba, rom maTTan mWidrod dakavSirebul
bibliis kanonikur kodeqsSi Sevida da zogi ki gaformda
saqarTvelosac adreve mieRo da gaeTvaliswinebina es
rogorc bibliuri wignebis paralelurad arsebuli e. w.
gamocdileba, gamoeyenebina ukve arsebuli anbanuri sis-
apokrifuli literatura, romelmac kargad asaxa pirvel
temebi. rogorc arqeologiuri masalidan Cans, Zv. w. III
qristianTa religiuri warmodgenebi da amitomac dRes
ax. w. III saukuneebSi saqarTveloSi berZnuli da ar-
qristianobis istoriis kvlevaSi mas mniSvnelovani ad-
ameuli damwerlobebi paralelurad gamoiyeneboda; amis
gili ukavia. bunebrivia, saqarTveloSi Camoyalibebuli
pirveli qristianuli Temic Seqmnida imgvar apokriful
ukavSirdeba sityva `nusxas~, romelic qarTveli mwerli-
Txrobas, romelSic aisaxeboda qarTvelobis, rogorc
sa da leqsikografis, sulxan-saba orbelianis, ganmarte-
erT-erTi
sarwmunoebrivi
biT, `Cqarad aRwerils~ niSnavs. da marTlac, Tu Tvals
da kulturuli identuroba axal msoflmxedvelobriv
gavadevnebT X-XI ss-is mTavruliT gadaweril qarTul
samyarosTan. da marTlac, gadmocema jvarcmuli ieso
xelnawerebs, SevniSnavT, Tu rogor yalibdeba calkeuli
qristes kvarTis saqarTveloSi Camotanisa da dacvis
swrafad moxazuli asodan misi kuTxovani grafika.
adregaqristianebuli
eris,
Sesaxeb migviTiTebs swored pirveli qristianuli Temis
xelnaweri tradiciis mixedviT, X-XI saukunidan ki am
istoriaze. es zepiri gadmocema qarTvelebma sakuTari
ori anbanis paralelurad viTardeba mxedruli anu Ta-
moqcevisa da saxelmwifoebrivi istoriis qvakuTxedad
namedrove qarTuli anbani. saxelwodeba mxedruli da-
miiCnies.
werilobam imis safuZvelze miiRo, rom igi upiratesad
saerTod unda iTqvas, rom qristianobam didi roli
gamoiyeneboda saero Sinaarsis ZeglebSi, maSasadame, ukve
Seasrula qarTvelTa istoriaSi. igi iqca maTi kultu

ruli da inteleqtualuri cxovrebis, erTiani saxelmwifoebrivi azrovnebis sayrdenad.
sveticxoveli
ieso qristes kvarTis gansasvenebeli; saqarTvelos mTavari
qarTuli anbani. 326 wels saqarTvelom aRiara

qristianoba, rogorc saxelmwifo religia. mas Semdgom
salocavi; sapatriarqo taZari; pirveli eklesia aigo IV s-Si

qarTvelTa ganmanaTleblis, wm. ninos rCeviT; V s-is
II naxevarSi pirveli eklesiis dangrevis Semdgom mefe
qarTulma kulturam uari Tqva misTvis ukve kargad cno
vaxtang gorgasalma aago bazilika; 1010-1033 ww-Si kaTalikos
bili anbanuri sistemebis gamoyenebaze da Tavad Seqmna
melqisedekis iniciativiT aigo jvargumbaTovani taZari.
sakuTari anbanuri damwerloba, romlis prototipadac

berZnuli anbani ivaraudeba.
qarTuli anbani erT-erTi srulyofili weriTi sistemaa, vinaidan masSi grafikul simboloTa (asoTa) raodenoba zustad Seesatyviseba qarTuli enis fonemuri erTeulebis (sametyvelo bgerebis) ricxvs. qarTulma anbanma, kerZod, misma grafikulma moxazulobam, ganviTarebis
sami safexuri ganvlo; mis uZveles saxeobas asoTmTavru-
li (igive mTavruli) anu mrgvlovani anbani warmoadgens.

am anbaniTaa Sesrulebuli V-IX saukunis epigrafikuli
da xelnaweri teqstebi.
X saukunidan mTavrulis paralelurad gvxvdeba kuTxovani anu nusxuri, igive xucuri daweriloba; nusxu-
riT gadaweril teqstebSi saTaurebi da sazedao asoebi

naweria mTavruliT, romelic erTgvar dekoratiul funqciasac iTavsebda da gabmul teqstSi saaqcento monakveTebis gamosayofad gamoiyeneboda. albaT, amitomac ewoda mrgvlovan anbans mTavruli. rac Seexaba saxelwodeba
nusxurs, romelic kuTxovani anbanisTvis ixmareba, igi

10
11
sasuliero xelnawerebi
saamSeneblo warwera
bolnisis sioni, 492/3-502 ww., samnaviani bazilikis tipis nageboba. samxreT-aRmosavleT saqarTvelo.
X saukuneSi ganviTarebulia qarTuli damwerlobis samive saxeoba. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom qarTuli anbanis es
sami grafikuli forma warmoiqmna weris teqnikis ganvi-
qarTuli xelnaweri tradicia sasuliero wignebis
Tarebis safuZvelze da ar warmoadgens qarTuli anbanis
TargmniTa da gadaweriT iwyeba. igi fexdafex misde-
sistemuri cvlis Sedegs.
vs qarTvelTa mier qristianuli kulturis SeTvisebis,
da bolos, Tu erTxel kidev gavixsenebT uZveles,
axali codnis miRebisa da gamyarebis process. wignierma
V-VI ss-is mTavruliT Sesrulebul qarTul werilobiT
qristianobam saqarTveloSi moitana rogorc samyaros
Zeglebs, naTeli gaxdeba qarTuli damwerlobis warmoSo-
axaleburi xedva, miswrafeba misi sulieri wvdomisken,
bis mTavari safuZveli. epigrafikuli Zeglebis paraleRvTismSoblis miZinebis
lurad arsebuli V-VIII ss-is palimfsesturi furclebi,
taZris freskuli fragmenti.
romlebzec dasturdeba rogorc bibliuri, aseve apokri-
uSguli.
fuli da agiografiuli teqstebi, aSkarad migvaniSneben,

rom qarTuli damwerloba imTaviTve Camoyalibda ara
rogorc sakancelario, aramed rogorc samwignobro anbani. uZvelesi qarTuli palimfsestebis, romlebic dRes
12
aseve yoveldRiuri cxovrebis, materialuri yofis radikaluri cvlilebebi; man bunebrivad gamoiwvia eris
SemoqmedebiTi SesaZleblobebis gafarToveba.
qarTuli werilobiTi kulturis ganviTarebis iniciativa eklesiis wiaRidan iRebs saTaves. Tavisi arsebobis dasawyisSi ki qarTul eklesias metad rTuli winaaRmdegobis gadalaxvam mouwia, erTi mxriv, jer kidev
SemorCenil warmarTul mexsierebasa da, meore mxriv,
daculia rogorc saqarTveloSi, xelnawerTa erovnul
mazdeanur
centrsa (4000-mde furceli) da mestiis mxareTmcod-
sparseTis politikuri zewolis Sedegad ikidebda fexs.
neobis muzeumSi, aseve oqsfordSi, kembrijSi, venis na-
am winaaRmdegobaTa daZlevis erT-erT yvelaze Zlier
cionalur biblioTekaSi, asoTa grafikuli daxvewiloba,
iaraRs ki swored werilobiTi kultura warmoadgenda.
naweri striqonebis proporciuli ganlagebisa da Sesru-
amitomac Tavdapirvelad qarTuli xelnaweri tradi-
lebis manera, maTze daculi teqstebis repertuari sav-
ciis yuradReba mimarTuli iyo iseTi literaturuli
sebiT araorazrovnad migviTiTebs, rom V-VI saukuneebSi
Zeglebisken, romelTac safuZveli unda SeeqmnaT qris-
arsebobda ukve myari werilobiTi kultura.
tianobis realuri istoriis Seswavlis, sarwmunoebrivi
ideologiasTan
dapirispirebaSi,
romelic
13
dabadeba
xanmeti oTxTavi
Zveli aRTqmis wignTa erT-erTi pirveli qarTuli Targmani.
saxarebis uZvelesi xanmeturi redaqcia, daculia palimfsestis qveda fenaze.
Sesrulebulia xanmeturi V-VI ss-is enobrivi normiT. warmoadgens
teqsti dayofilia muxlebad; axlavs gankveTilobis niSnebi: wertili, ori
bibliis teqstis uZveles redaqcias. palimfsesti sxvadasxva drois
wertili. zeda fenaze ikiTxeba iovane oqropiris `maTes Tavis Targmaneba~.
teqstebis nakrebia. zeda fenaze daculia fsalmuni.

VI-VII, XI ss.
V-VI, XIII-XIV ss.
etrati, 439 f., zoma: 2,527,5 sm.
etrati, 99 f., gadakecili furclis zoma: 15,211,5 sm.
A 89
H 999
moralis Semecnebisa da saeklesio-saRvTismsaxuro pra-
dan fsalmunma, dabadebam da winaswarmetyvelTa (iere-
qtikis, anu liturgiis ganviTarebisaTvis.
mia, esaia, ezra) wignebma. maT paralelurad iTargmna
qristianobis gavrcelebisa da qarTuli xelnaweri
da gadaiwera zogierTi adreuli apokrifi. mazdianur
tradiciis dasawyisSi qarTuli liturgia samrevlo-
iranTan mwvave dapirispirebis pirobebSi ganviTarda
kaTedraluri xasiaTisa iyo da, Sesabamisad, saRvTis-
originaluri agiografiuli mwerloba, gaCnda amave Jan-
msaxuro praqtika, upirvelesad, mowodebuli iyo mre-
ris pirveli qarTuli Targmanebi. 476-482 wlebiT daTa-
vlis ganaTlebisa da RvTismsaxurebaSi misi wignieri
riRebuli originaluri Txzulebis, `SuSanikis wamebis~,
CarTvisaken. amitomac qarTuli eklesiis wiaRSi moRva-
Tanaxmad, V s-is 70-ian wlebSi saqarTveloSi ukve ar-
we xelnawerTa Semqmnelebis gansakuTrebuli yuradReba
sebobda saxarebis, pavles epistoleebis, fsalmunisa da
miipyro bibliam, upirvelesad, axali aRTqmis wignebi-
wminda mowameTa, anu agiografiuli wignebi.
dan saxarebam da samociqulom, xilo Zveli aRTqmi14
15
saxareba erT-erTi pirveli bibliuri wignia, romelic qarTvelebma qristianobis miRebisTanave Targmnes.
misi uZvelesi Targmanebi gvxvdeba V-VII ss-iT daTariRebul palimfsestur fulrcelbze. es pirveli teqstebi gadawerilia mTavruli anbaniT, maTSi dasturdeba
aRniSnuli epoqis enobrivi Tavisebureba zmnis subieqturi da obieqturi pirebisa da xarisxis formebis `xan~ prefiqsiT warmoeba. Aamitomac aseT teqstebs
xanmet redaqciebs uwodeben. palimfsestur furclebze
gadawerili oTxTavebi jer kidev ar aris gaformebuli sazedao asoebiTa da sxva ornamentuli elementebiT. amgvar wignebSi xanmeti dekoris funqcias muxlis
dasawyisSi gamoyenebuli monumentuli sazedao asoebi
asrulebs. saxrebebis mxatvruli elementebiT Semkoba
mogvianebiT X-XI ss-dan daiwyo.
calkeuli Zeglebis Targmnis paralelurad Sedga
saRvTismsaxuro-liturgikuli daniSnulenis krebulebi:
leqcionari samrevlo da samonastro msaxurebaSi

sxvadasxva dResaswaulisTvis dadgenili wesgangeba, romelic moicavs Zveli da axali aRTqmis teqstebs. unda
aRiniSnos, rom am saxis krebulis uZvelesi VII saukunis
nimuSi, romelic Tavis droze sinas mTis wm. ekaterines
monastris wignsacavis sakuTreba iyo, amjerad danawevrebuli saxiT inaxeba gracis universitetSi (avstria,
27 fueceli), birmingemsa (britaneTi, 2 furceli) da
safrangeTis nacionalur biblioTekaSi (parizi, 1 furceli). es aris erTaderTi adreuli xelnaweri, romlis
furclebic xelaxla ar gamouyenebiaT sawer masalad.
leqcionarma, rogorc liturgikulma krebulma, aqtiuri pozicia X s-is dasasrulamde SeinarCuna, Tumca ki
SemorCenilia XI s-iT daTariRebuli erTi wignis fragmentic.
iadgari mTeli wlis saRvTismsaxuro teqstebi,
fsalmunisa da bibliis sxva wignebidan Sesabamisi sakiTxavis erTobliobiT. iadgarebi arsebobas inarCunebs
X s-is dasasrulamde. Semdgom epoqaSi isini saTaves
udeben sxvadasxva Sinaarsis saRvTismsaxuro krebulebs: Tvenebi, marxvani, paraklitonebi da a.S. iadgarebis
uZvelesi nimuSebi daculia sinis mTis wm. ekaterines
monastris wignsacavSi.
16
ierusalimuri leqcionari
daculia palimfsestis qveda fenaze; asaxavs RvTismsaxurebis adreul, ierusalimur wess.
Sesrulebulia VIII s-is enobrivi haemeturi normiT. am wignis berZnuli pirvelwyaro
dakargulia. xelnawerma fragmentulad moaRwia. misi meore, Semavsebeli nawili daculia
sxava (Q 333) xelnawerSi. zeda fenaze warmodgenilia gviandeli saRvTismsaxuro krebuli
paraklitoni.
VIII, XIII-XIV ss.
etrati, 51 f., zoma: 1612,5 sm.
H 1329
17
leqcionari
leqcionaris erT-erTi gviandeli nusxa,
gadawerili imgvar samonastro centrSi,
romelic XI saukuneSic inarCunebda
tradiciuli saRvTismsaxuro
wignebisadmi interess. Sesrulebulia
mTavruliTa da nusxuriT, muqi
yavisferi melniT, saTaurebi
gamoyofilia singuriT. moixsenieba
XI saukunis cnobili feodali liparit
baRvaSi.
1049 w.
etrati, 43 f., zoma: 30,522,8 sm.
gadamweri miqael inCuxi
Q 1376
18
19
tbeTis (svanuri) mravalTavi

samonastro daniSnulebis
krebuli. Seicavs
homiletikuri, agiografiuli,
egzegetikuri da apokrifuli
74 Txzulebis adreuli,
palestinuri teqstebis
Targmanebs. Mmomgeblebi
arian mamfali mtbevari
iovane da mama Teodore.
xelnaweris ZiriTadi nawili
Sesrulebulia mrgvlovaniT,
nusxuriT gadawerilia
1 Tavi. teqstis samkaulad
gamoyenebulia teqstis
melniTa da singuriT
Sesrulebuli sazedao asoebi;
calkeuli gverdebis aSiebze
mixatulia sxvadasxva figura.
X s.
Mmomgeblebi: mamfali mtbevari
iovane da mama Teodore.
gadaweris adgili: taoklarjeTi
A 19
mravalTavi RvTismsaxurebis damxmare krebuli.

aerTianebs saeklesio kalendarze gawyobil wm. mamaTa
qadagebebs, agiografiul Txzulebebsa da apokrifebs.
bizantiur mwerlobaSi mravalTavis analogs warmoadgens panegirikoni. mravalTavebi adreuli krebulebia.
maTi Sedgena ukavSirdeba calkeuli sauflo dResaswaulis Camoyalibebis periods, razec mianiSnebs xelnaweris aSiaze dResaswaulTa sagangebo aqcentirebisaTvis
darTuli miTiTebi. dRemde cnobilia IX-XI saukunis
rogorc klarjul-palestinuri, aseve aTonuri warmomavlobis qarTuli mravalTavebi.
20
parxlis mravalTavi.
krebulis saxelwodebac warmodgeba xelnaweris damzadebis adgilis mixedviT. igi
qarTul xelnawer wignTa Soris gamorCeulia Tavisi sididiT. Sesrulebulia maRali
xarisxis etratze, teqsti naweria lamazi, mkafio nusxuriT, yavisferi melniT. samkauli
teqsts TiTqmis ara aqvs, sazedao asoebis umetesoba naweria yavisferi melniT,
singuriT sakmaod cota. Seicavs naTargmn da originalur Txzulebebs. Aam xelnaweriT
moaRwia Cvenamde `SuSanikis wamebisa~ da àbos wamebis~ teqstebma.
X s.
etrati, 658 f., zoma: 45,533,5 sm.
Ggadamweri: gabriel patarai
gadaweris adgili: parxlis monasteri
A 95
21
red monastrebi warmoadgendnen mTavar skriptoriumebs, romelTa saqmianoba Tanamedrove qristianul samyarosTan mWidro kulturul-sarwmunoebrivi kontaqtebis
safuZvelze viTardeboda. qarTuli saxelmwifoca da,
bunebrivia, werilobiTi kulturac mudam gaxsnili iyo
mravalerovani qristianuli sivrcis inteleqtualuri
da kulturuli gamocdilebis misaRebad. amgvari kontaqtebi ki qarTul eklesias hqonda rogorc sakuTriv
saqarTveloSi Camosuli moRvaweebis, aseve uSualod
qarTveli ber-monazvnebis qristianobis wiaRTan siria, palestinasTan mWidro urTierTobis wyalobiT,
rasac jer kidev V-VI ss-Si Caeyara safuZveli, rodesac
qarTvelma moweseebma mimarTes rogorc palestiniaSi
arsebul sabawmidis lavras, aseve Crd. siriaSi, antioqiis maxloblad mdebare svimeon mesvetis monasters.
gasakviri arc isaa, rom VI saukuneSi saqarTveloSi Sua
mdinareTidan Semovidnen da damkvidrdnen asureli mafsalmuni
mebi (qarTuli tradicia maT camet asurel mamad moi-
cnobilia `mcxeTis daviTnis~ saxeliT. savaraudod, warmoadgens fsalmunis adreul, aleqsandriul
xseniebs), romelTa gamocdilebam sagrZnoblad Seuwyo
redaqcias. gadawerilia asomTavruliT; ZiriTadi teqstis garda, wignSi Setanilia fsalmunTan
xeli samonastro cxovrebis organizaciasa da xelnawe-
dakavSirebuli sxva Txzulebebi. xelnawers boloSi dekoris funqciiT darTuli aqvs savaraudod
stilizebuli albanuri anbani (246r-v).
ri tradiciis ganviTarebas saqarTveloSi, gansakuTrebiT ki mis aRmosavleT regionebSi, sadac qarTuli xelnaweri tradicia, rogorc aRvniSneT, jer mazdeanuri
X, XI ss.
etrati, 261 f., zoma: 19,815,3 sm.
A 38
mravalTavebSi
gaerTianebuli
Txzulebebi
ume-
tes SemTxvevaSi dReisaTvis daculia mxolod qarTul

Targmanebis saxiT. isini warmoadgenen adreqristianul
teqstebs, romelTac sagangebo mniSvneloba eniWebaT
qristianuli mwerlobis istoriis kvlevaSi. mravalTavi
arsebobas inarCunebs X-XI saukeneTa mijnamde. Semdeg
igi gardaiqmneba Sereuli saxis krebulad, romelsac ar
axlavs miTiTeba saeklesio kalendarze da warmoadgens
ara saRvTismsaxuro praqtikisaTvis gankuTvnil, aramed
samrevlo-samonastro ganaTlebisaTvis gankuTvnil sakiTxav wigns.
qarTuli eklesiis wiaRSi Casaxuli xelnaweri tra-
22
Sio MmRvimeli, asureli mama
diciis ganviTareba, ra Tqma unda, mWidrod daukavSirda
XVIII s-is miniatiura
CvenSi samonastro cxovrebis organizaciis faqts. swo-
S 3269
23
daviT garejeli
saeklesio-samonastro centrebSi. iq moRvawe qarTvel-
ma berma ioane-zosimem Seadgina umniSvnelovanesi en-
S 3269
ciklopediuri xasiaTis liturgikuli krebuli Sin. geo.

O.34 da Targmna erT-erTi uZvelesi astrologiuri
traqtati ezra winaswarmetyvelis `kalanda~. swored
iovane-zosimes mier Seqmnil xelnawerSi vxvdebiT erovnuli msoflmxedvelobis erT-erT qvakuTxedad cnobil
Txzulebas `qaba da dideba qarTulisa enisa~. dRes es
Wil-etratis iadgari
gansakuTrebul yuradRebas imsaxurebs, upirvelesad, saweri
masalis TvalsazrisiT, vinaidan masSi erTdrouladaa
gamoyenebuli Wilisa (papirusis) da etratis furclebi.
teqsti asaxavs VII-VIII saukuneebis ierusalimur praqtikas; misi
berZnuli modeli dRes dakargulia. gadawerilia A kuTxovani
mrglovaniT, axlavs marginaluri niSnebi. erT-erT minawerSi
moixsenieba iovane, savaraudod, gadamweri.
X s.
etrati, papurusi, 313 f., zoma: 11,210 sm.
gadamweri: iovane
gadaweris adgili: sabawmidis monasteri
H 2123
iranisa da Semdgom ki muslim arabTa mZime zewolis pirobebSi viTardeboda.

aRniSnuli periodis qarTuli werilobiTi kulturis ganviTarebaSi sagangebo roli daekisraT palestinis kerebSi, gansakuTrebiT ki sabawmidis monasterSi,
moRvawe qarTvel ber-monazvnobas, romelic iq intensiur samwignobro saqmianobas eweoda X-is 70-80-ian wlebamde.
sabawmiduri qarTuli xelnawerebi TviT am lavris
samwignobro tradiciis saukeTeso sabuTs warmoadgenen.
swored aq Seiqmna oTxTavis, samonastro wesgangebis,
anu tipikonisa da saRvTismsaxuro krebulebis sabawmiduri redaqciebi, romlebic gavrcelda saqarTvelos
24
25
xelnawerebi inaxeba sinis mTis wm. ekaterines monastris

sacavSi, vinaidan X s-is dasasrulidan, sabawmidaze muslim arabTa momZlavrebis Semdgom, qarTulma koloniam
sinis mTaze gadainacvla da iq gaagrZela moRvaweoba.
wm. ekaterines monastris sacavSi 239 qarTuli xelnaweri da fragmenti inaxeba. es erT-erTi uZvelesi da
umdidresi koleqciaa.
unda aRiniSnos isic, rom klarjuli da sinur-palestinuri qarTuli xelnawerebi kargad asaxaven adreuli
xanis qristianul mwerlobasa da zogadad werilobiT
kulturaSi ara mxolod berZnuli, aramed qristianuli arabuli da siriuli kulturebis did rols. am periodis mwerloba Tavisufalia romelime konkretuli
centris diqtatisagan. igi Tanabrad iRebs da areklavs
qristianul arealSi gaerTianebuli tradiciuli kulturebis mxatvruli da simbolur-alegoriuli azrovnebis umniSvnelovanes tendenciebs.
VIII-X saukuneebSi garda sabawmidis lavrisa, qarTvelebi palestinaSi moRvaweoben xaritonis lavraSi, imave
palavraSi.
VIII s-dan saqarTvelos politikurma da kulturul
ma
centrma
qveynis
tao-klarjeTSi,
samxreT-dasavleTiT,
gadainacvla.
am
istoriul
periodidan
qarTu-
li werilobiTi tradiciis udides kerad iqca swored

tao-klarjeTis samonastro centrebi, romelTac mWidro kavSiri hqondaT sabawmidis lavrasTan. tao-klarjeTis samonastro kolonizaciis sulisCamdgmeli mama
grigoli xancTis monastris wesgangebis Sedgenisas sabawmidur tipikonsac iTvaliswinebda. xelnaweri wignis
repertuari gafarTovda. man moicva sasuliero mwerlobis yvela dargi. Tu adreuli xanis qarTul xelna-
ìovane oqropiris cxovreba~

giorgi aleqsandrieliseuli teqstis qarTuli Targmani,
Sesrulebuli palestinaSi tao-klarjeTidan wasuli moRvaweebis mier.
ganekuTvneba sagangebod gadaweril wigns. naweria kaligrafiuli
nusxuriT, yavisferi melniT, saTauri mTavruliTa da singuriT.
werebSi vxvdebiT Zveli aRTqmis calkeul wignebs, swo-
rveulebrivi saTvalavisTvis gamoyenebuli qarTuli da berZnuli
red tao-klarjeTis erT-erT lavraSi, oSkSi, gadaiwera
asoebi Savi da wiTeli melniTaa dekorirebuli. teqsts uZRvis ioane
moses xuTwigneulis qarTuli redaqciis sruli teqsti.
oqropiris miniatiura.
himnografiul da agiografiul krebulebSi Targmnili

Zeglebis paralelurad Tavi moiyara originalurma qar-
968 w.
etrati, 257 f., zoma: 1512 sm.
Tulma mwerlobam. TandaTanobiT Sedga Sereuli tipis,
gadamweri iovane safareli; momgebeli miqael fanaskerTeli
SemecnebiT-saganmanaTleblo
gadaweris adgili xaritonis lavra
xasiaTis
krebulebi.
Ca-
moyalibda rogorc xelnaweris mxatvrul-dekoratiuli
H 2124
gaformebis, aseve marginaluri da liturgikuli daniS-
26
27
nulebis niSanTa sistemebi. qarTuli xelnaweri wignis
drnic rwmenis WeSmaritebiT utoldebian berZnebs; isini
iluminirebuli, anu moxatuli egzemplarebis arseboba
Tanasworni arian, rogorc marTa da mariami. X sauku-
ganapiroba wignis Seqmnis materialuri, anu finansuri
neSi, rogorc zemoTac aRvniSneT, iqmneba qarTuli enis
SesaZleblobebis zrdam. swored tao-klarjeTSi Caeya-
saxotbo nawarmoebi `qeba da dideba qarTulisa enisa~,
ra safuZveli samefo dinastiisa da didi feodaluri
xolo X s-is 70-ian wlebSi xelnawer tradiciaSi ukve
saxlebis mzrunvelobas.
mwognobarTa materialuri uzrunvelyofis saqmeSi.
grigol xanZTelisaTvis didaznaur gabriel dafanCulis mier naTqvami sityvebi - àw Cuen Tana ars orcieli keTili da Tquen Tana ars sulieri keTili, da ese
SevzavneT urTierTas~ Tavisi gamovlineba ara marto
`moqceva qarTlisa~. naweria mTavruliTa da nusxuriT, yavisferi melniT, saTaurebi

singuriT. ar axlavs samkaulebi. teqstis dasawyisis mimaniSnebeli ramdenime striqonis
xelovnebam ganviTarebis aRmavali gziT iwyo svla. bi-
an zogjer naxevari gverdis gaswvriv CamogrZelebuli aso `qanis~ anu qanwilisa da
zantiur sivrceSi arsebuli mxatvruli motivebis aTvi-
varskvlavis formis niSnebi.
sazedao
dekorirebuli;
X s.
gansakuTrebuli
yuradReba daeTmo oTxTavebis moxatulobas. Seiqmna
gadamwerebi: iovane-bera, ori anonimi
feradovani, mravalfiguriani kompoziciis mdidruli
gadaweris adgili: Satberdi
miniatiurebiT Semkuli sagangebo `sazeimo~ wignebi,
S 1141
xolo samonastro daniSnulebis egzemplarebi Seimko

dekorirebuli ornamentuli sawinamZRvre jvrebiT.
amave dros, aq, am wiaRSi safuZveli Caeyara qarTuli
qarTuli eklesiis cnobili mama

tao-klarjeTis samonastro
saeklesio-samonastro
mSeneblobis iniciatori
wesisken orientacias. es procesi, ra Tqma unda, TviT
S 3269
pirveli Sereuli krebuli, romelSic Sesulia qarTvelTa gaqristianebis istoria
nis saqmeSic pova. IX-X ss-dan qarTuli xelnaweri wignis
teqstis
sasuliero mwerlobis mniSvnelovan TzxulebaTa Semcveli saganmanaTleblo funqciis
saeklesio-samonastro mSeneblobis, aramed wignis Seqm-
sebisa da gadamuSavebis Sedegad daixvewa.
grigol xancTeli
Satberdis krebuli
tradiciis
konstantinepoluri
qarTuli saxelmwofos politikuri orientaciis Tanmdevi movlena iyo. VIII saukuneSi saqarTvelos samxreTdasavleTiT Camoyalibebulma tao-klarjeTis samefom
X s-is 80-ian wlebSi samefo-samTavroTa gaerTianebis
gziT safuZveli Cauyara erTian qarTul saxelmwifos.
saxelmwifoebriv erTianobas eklesiuri erTobis ganmtkicebac mohyva. xalifatis orsaukunovanma dapyrobiTma
politikam da muslimuri ideologiis Zlierma zewolam
gamokveTa qarTuli werilobiTi kulturis erovnuli
tendenciebi,
gaRviveba
daiwyo
mesianisturma
ideam.
VIII saukunis agiografiuli Txzulebis, àbos wamebis~,

avtori ioane sabanisZe qadagebs qarTlis, rogorc muslimuri samyarosagan qristianobis damcavi jebirisa da
wminda mowameTa mSobeli qveynis Sesaxeb, romlis mkvi-
28
29
miqael modrekilis iadgari

X s. sagangeboda Sedgenili adrebizantiuri xanis
himnografiuli krebuli, romelmac Semoinaxa X saukuneSi
qarTul enaze arsebuli yvela sagalobeli, rogorc
originaluri, aseve Targmnili. teqstSi, striqonebis zemoT da
qvemoT singuriT miwerilia Zveli sanoto niSnebi nevmebi,
rac musikis istoriisTvis mniSvnelovani movlenaa. xelnaweri
gadawerilia klasikuri nusxuriT, sityvaTa Semoklebis,
anu daqaragmebis tradiciuli wesis gareSe, Savi melniTa
da singuriT; gaformebulia feradi sazedao asoebiTa da
sworxazovani ornamentirebuli TavsamkaulebiT.
978-988 ww.
gadamwerebi: miqael modrekili da ori anonimi
S 425
Cndeba qarTvelTa gaqristianebis qronika: `moqceva qarTlisa~. paralelurad savsebiT naTeli xdeba Zlieri
qristiani
mokavSiris
arsebobis
aucilebloba.
aseTi
mokavSire ki bizantiis imperia iyo, romelmac, Tavis

mxriv, miaRwia aRmavlobasa da hegemonias aRmosavleTis
qristianul samyaroSi.
X s-is 80-iani wlebidan qarTuli kultura da masTan erTad xelnaweri tradiciac aRmavlobas ganicdis.
saRvTismsaxuro-samonastro
paralelurad
viTardeba
originaluri,
aseve
daniSnulebis
sxvadasxva
naTargmni
mwerlobis
Janris
rogorc
literatura,
kerZod,
sasuliero poezia, ganmartebiTi anu egzegetikuri Zeg

lebi, dgeba saeklesio samarTlis wignebi, yalibdeba
dogmaturi literaturis gamaerTianebeli krebuli
dogmatikoni. XII s-dan saqarTveloSi Zlierdeba samwignobro-saganmanaTleblo centrebi gelaTisa da iyalTos akademiebi; iqmneba maTTan arsebuli wignsacavebi,
romlebSic Tavs iyris sxvadasxva samonastro centrSi
gadawerili xelnawerebi; farTovdeba xelnaweri wignis
SemecnebiTi funqcia; dgeba Sereuli saxis krebulebi,
romlebSic sasuliero mwerlobis Zeglebis paralelu-
30
31
sZlispirni da RvTismSoblisani
parxlis oTxTavi
himnografiuli krebuli, romelSic mkveTradaa aRniSnuli
samonastro daniSnulebis wigni. ar aris ilustrirebuli.
sadeklamacio-liturgikuli niSnebi, Tanamedrove
gadawerilia SatberdSi da Sewirulia iovane naTlismcemlis
TvalsazrisiT, sanoto sistemis adreuli eqvivalenti.
saxelze axalaSenebuli parxlis monastrisaTvis. teqsti
xelnawerebSi dadasturebuli amgvari niSnebi miuTiTebs
gadawerilia mTavruliT, yavisferi melniT; sazedao asoebi da
X s-is saeklesio musikis ganviTarebis myar sistemaze. Nnaweria
saTaurebi singuriT. xelnawers uxvad moepoveba minawerebi,
nusxuriT, dasawyisi asoebi, saTaurebi, ZlispirTa garkveuli
romelTa meSveobiTac iqmneba misi Semdgomi gadanacvlebis
jgufis saxelwodebebi singuriT.
naTeli suraTi. XVIII saukuneSi xelnaweri ganaaxla da nakluli

adgilebi qaRaldze gadawerili teqstiT Seavso qarTlis
EX s.
etrati, 229 f., zoma: 17,211,3 sm.
gadamweri: iordane
A 603
mefe vaxtang VI-is qaliSvilis, anuka batoniSvilis vaJma,

mTavardiakvanma, nikoloz abaSiZem.
973 w.
Eetrati, qaRaldi. 260 f. (238 f. etrati, 22 f. qaRaldi),
zoma: 22,919,9 sm.
gadamweri: iovane bera, aRmdgeneli nikoloz abaSiZe
A 1453
32
33
jruWis I oTxTavi
qarTuli oTxTavis uZvelesi redaqcia, erTerTi pirveli klasikurad ilustrirebuli
xelnaweri. naweria mTavruliT, Savi melniT,
saTaurebi da sazedao asoebi singuriT.
maTesa da markozis saxarebaTa daboloebi,
romlebic miniatiurebian furclebze gadadis,
mxatvars daumTavrebia. am epoqis erTaderTi
xelnaweria, romelSic moxseniebulia mxatvari
Tevdore kamaraTmwerali. xelnaweris
wyarosTavis I oTxTavi
taoklarjuli saliteraturo skolis erT-erTi
gamorCeuli wigni. oTxTavis teqsti Zveli
opizuri redaqciisaa. xelnaweri Semkulia
kamariani kanonebiTa da miniatiurebiT,
romlebic Sesrulebulia e. w. xalxuri
xelweriT. msgavs grafikul formas vxvdebiT
svaneTSi dacul adreul xatebze. xelnaweris
gadamweria gabriel patara.
Semkulobas warmoadgens jvrebi, kamarebi, 8
X s-is miwuruli
kanoni da amdenive ilustracia. win uZRvis
kvadrifoliumis moyvanilobis sawinamZRvre
gadamweri: gabriel patara
jvari. TaRovan CarCoSi Casmuli RvTismSobeli
dagaweris adgili: tao-klarjeTi
yrmiTurT, maxareblebisa da kurnebis scenebi.
A 98
936-940 ww.
etrati, 297 f. zoma: 2621 sm.
gadamweri gabrieli, momxatveli Tevdore,
momgebeli grigol mirdatis Ze
H 1660
34
35
rad gaerTianebulia astrologiuri Sinaarsis Txzule-
metoqeobis gancdam ganawyo qarTuli wignieri sazoga-
bebi. werilobiTi kultura saxelmwifo zrunvis sagnad
doeba dainteresebuliyo da safuZvlianad aeTvisebina
iqca.
bizantiuri kultura. axla ukve mTavari yuradreba mii-
xelaxla iTargmneba da berZnul dedans uaxlovde-
pyro imperiis centrSi arsebulma samonastro centre-
ba sasuliero mwerlobis adre Targmnili Txzulebebi.
bma. swored IXs-dan daiwyes aq moRvaweoba qarTvelebma
am periodSi gansakuTrebiT gamoikveTa qarTuli sasu-
jer berZnul, xolo Semdgom sakuTriv qarTul monas-
liero mwerlobis erovnuli Sinaarsi; gaCnda berZnul
trebSi.
samyarosTan erTgvari metoqeobis tendenciac, rac ga-
Tavdapirvelad qarTvelTa yuradreba miipyro ulu
napiroba konstantinepolis diqtatma qristianuli aR-
mbos anu olimpis mTam, romelzec IX saukunis 60-ian
mosavleTisa da maT Soris saqarTvelos mimarT. swored
wlebSi daemkvidra cnobili qarTveli moRvawe ilario-
gelaTis biblia
uwodeben katenebian
bibliasac, radganac teqsts
axlavs katenebi anu Bbibliuri
teqstisBganmartebani.
Sesrulebulia mxedrulze
gardamavali nusxuriT, baci
yavisferi melniT. sawer
masalad gamoyenebulia
maRali xarisxis aRmosavluri
qaRaldi. xelnaweri,
savaraudod, gadawerilia
gelaTis monasterSi,
romelSic XII s-Si gaaqtiurda
saRvTismetyvelo saqmianoba
da daarsda gelaTis akademia.
XII s.
qaRaldi, 302 f.
zoma: 3727,6 sm.
A 1108
36
37
ni. man sxva monazvnebic miizida da safuZveli Cauyara

qarTvelTa kolonizacias. olimpze qarTvelebi moRvaweobdnen ramdenime savaneSi: RvTismSoblis eklesiaSi
`quabsa sayofelsa qarTvelTasa~, lavra kraniaSi, `sayofelsa wmidaTa kozman-damianesaTa~.
ilarin qarTvelis mowafeebma imperator basilis
winadadebiT 876 wels konstantinepolis maxloblad,
bosforis srutis evropuli sanapiros centrSi daaarses romanas (hromanas) monasteri. saqarTvelos samefo
karis, kerZod, Tamar mefisa da Semdgom erekle II-is sagangebo zrunvis sagans warmoadgenda kunZul kviprosze
arsebuli Jaliis imave Raliis qarTuli monasteri.
980-983 wlebSi daarsda qarTuli werilibiTi kulturis istoriaSi erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi samonasdaviT IV aRmaSenebeli
tro centri aTonis iverTa monasteri, romelSic Ca-
1089-1125
moyalibda gansakuTrebuli samwignobro-mTargmnelobi-
gelaTis freska
Ti da kaligrafiuli skola. swored am skolam, misma

mesveurebma eqvTime da giorgi aTonelebma da maT
irgvliv Sekrebilma mwignobar berTa jgufma iovane
grZelisZem, arsen ninowmindelma, iovane xaxulelma da
sxvebma X-XI saukuneebSi warmarTes qarTuli sasuliero
mwerlobis farTo saganmanaTleblo-SemecnebiTi mimarTuleba; maT Semoitanes da daamkvidres dasavluri-bi-
Sereuli krebuli
pirveli TariRiani qaRaldze daculi xelnaweri wigni, romelic yuradRebas
ipyrobs Tavisi SedgenilobiT. saeklesio cxovrebisaTvis mniSvnelovani
zantiuri kulturis yvela mniSvnelovani monapovari da
teqstebis paralelurad masSi CarTulia arabulidan Targmnili
amave dros SeinarCunes da ganaviTares qarTuli lite-
astrologiuri Txzuleba, romelic ilustrirebulia. Lilustraciebi
raturis erovnuli Sinaarsi. aTonelebis periodis qar-
diskoSi Caxatuli mTvare fazebiTurT, varskvlavTa sidide-simciris
Tuli sasuliero xelnaweri gamoirCeva Janrobrivi mra-
amsaxveli diagrama, zodiaqoTa gamosaxulebebi darTulia teqstze ara
valferovnebiT, saeklesio-samonastro cxovrebis axleburi reglamentaciiT, samecniero codnis damkvidrebis

tendenciiT. ar darCenila sasuliero mwerlobis arc
erTi dargi, romelsac ar Sexeboda eqvTime da giorgi
misi mxatvruli Semkobis mizniT, aramed astrologiuri codnisaTvis

saWiro TvalsaCinoebis Sesaqmnelad. zodiaqoebs ornamentis saxiT win uzis
mxatvruli gemovnebiT Sesrulebuli qufuri Srifti, xelnawerSi aseve
warmodgenilia jvarcmis kompozicia. wigni ekuTvnoda qarTlis mefe
vaxtang VI-s.
aTonelebis xeli. maT saxelebs ukavSirdeba oTxTavis

axali, berZnulTan Sedarebis gziT Seqmnili redaqciebis Camoyalibeba, qarTuli eklesiis saRvTismsaxuro
cxovrebis ganaxlebis anu konstantinepolur wesze ga-
1188-1210 ww.
qaRaldi, 214 f., zoma: 2330.5 sm.
erTi nawilis gadamweri: esaia
A 65
dasvlis procesi. eqvTime aTonelis iniciativiT dgeba

enciklopediuri xasiaTis saganmanaTleblo krebulebi.
dRes aTonis ivironis wignsacavSi 86 qarTuli xelnaweria daculi.
38
39
martvilis oTxTvi
martvilis oTxTavi, gadawerili WyondidSi (martvilSi).
damkveTi ivane farjaniani. xelnawers amkobs ornamentirebuli
sazedao asoebi da maTesa da markoz maxareblebis miniatiurebi.
teqsti naweria yavisferi melniT, saTaurebi da mniSvnelovani
adgilebi singuriT. hyavs ori gadamweri. mwared codvili
1050 w.
gadamwerebi: ioane mesvete da arseni eSisZe.
gadaweris adgili: martvili
S 391
arseni eSisZe da ioane mesvete.
40
41
oTxTavi
jruWis II oTxTavi
gadawerili kaligrafiuli mTavruliT, maRali xarisxis etratze, yavisferi melniT,
cnobilia axali jruWis saxelwodebiT. XII-XIII ss-Si unda iyos rogorc mxatvruli stilis
sazedao asoebi singuriT. wigni Semkulia kamarebiT, feradovani sazedao asoebiTa da
TaviseburebebiT, aseve miniatiurebis siuxviT qarTul ilustrirebul oTxTavTa Soris erT-erTi
TavsamkaulebiT. Bbolosamkaulad gamoyenebulia moxatuli jvari berZnuli warweriT.
gamorCeuli wigni. 334 miniatiura da wignis dekoratiuli sistemis sxva elementebi originaluri
axlavs markozisa da lukas gamosaxulebebi.
qarTuli samxatvro tradiciis sawyisebze dgas. kompoziciebi warmodgenilia or an sam iarusad,
moxatuloba savaraudod Sesrulebulia
Savi mTis saliteraturo skolisTvis damaxasiaTebeli xelweriT.

1054 w.
an darRveulia miniatiurebis CarCoTi SemosazRvruli sivrce da figurebi teqstSia SeWrili.

cnobilia xelnaweris momxatveli miqaeli, romelic imavdriulad wignis gadamweria.
Eetrati, 266 f. zoma: 14,5911,4 sm.
XII s.
Ggadamweri: miqaeli
Eetrati, 278 f., zoma: 24,518,6 sm.
S 962
Ggadamweri da momxatveli: miqaeli

H-1667
42
43
jruWis II oTxTavi
44
jruWis II oTxTavi
45
Mmaqsime aRmsarebeli, RvTismSoblis cxovreba
`gamocxadeba wmidisa maxareblisa da RvTismetyvelisa iovanesi~,
RvTismSoblis cxovrebis amsaxveli yvelaze sruli Txzuleba, romlis berZnuli an sxvaenovani
andria kesaria-kapadukielis Targmaneba
analogi cnobili ara aris. ukavSirdeba uZveles qristianul Zegls iakobis pirvelsaxarebas.
apokalipsis pirveli qarTuli Targmani. vinaidan axali aRTqmis es wigni yvelaze gvian Seitanes
MTxzuleba iTargmna aTonis mTis qarTul skriptoriumSi; mTargmnelia eqvTime MmTawmideli.
saxarebaSi, qarTul tradiciaSi iTargmna X s-Si. Targmani Seasrula aTonis skolis damaarsebelma
gadawerilia etratze kaligrafiuli nusxuriT, saTaurebi da sazedao asoebi mTavruliT,
eqvTime mTawmidelma. wigni imiTacaa saintereso, rom nusxuriT gadaweril xelnawerTa Soris
oqromelniT. Semkulia ornamentuli wnuliT, teqsts uZRvis lukasa da iovane maxareblebis
igi yvelaze adreuli TariRiani krebulia. xelnaweris anderZSi daculia cnoba basili da
miniatiura.
konstantine keisrebis winaaRmdeg barda skliarosis amboxebis Sesaxeb.
X-XI ss.
978 w.
eEtrati, 332 f., zoma: 16,511,4 sm.
etrati, 210 f., zoma: 17,512,5 sm.
Ggadamweri: mowese benediqte
gadamweri: saba kuti
gadaweris adgili: aTonis mTa
gadaweris adgili: olimpi, lavra krania.
A 40
H 1346
46
47
mcire svinaqsari
krebuli. 400 furcliani wignidan amJamad SemorCenilia
am krebulma safuZveli Cauyara qarTul eklesiaSi axali,
144 f. Semkulia 72 miniatiuriT, romlebzedac gamosaxulia
konstantinepoluri tipikonisa da kalendaruli sistemis SemoRebas,
rogorc siuJetebi saxarebidan, aseve wmindanebi. wignis Seqmna
moZravi ciklis axali gegmisa da Sedgenilobis gansazRvras. mcire
finansurad uzrunvelyo banas episkoposma zaqariam.
svinaqsarma warmoSva saRvTismsaxuro-himnografiuli krebulebis axali

saxeobebi Tveni, marxvan-zatikni, paraklitoni. xelnaweri Sesrulebulia
etratze nusxuriT, yavisferi melniT, sazedao asoebi da saTaurebi
singuriT. is aris yvelaze farTod ilustrirebuli saRvTismsaxuro
48
1030 w.
gadaweris adgili: konstantinepoli, xoras monasteri
A 648
49
vanis oTxTavi
wignis xelovnebis gamorCeuli
nimuSi gansakuTrebul
Rirebulebas iZens, vinaidan
igi Seiqmna mefe TamarisTvis
misive dakveTiT. gaformebis
xarisxiTa da SesrulebiT
erT-erTi upirvelesTagania
`sazeimo~ xelnawerebs Soris.
Ggadawerilia maRali xarisxis
TeTr etratze, nusxuriT,
uxvadaa gamoiyenebuli
oqromelani. Semkulia
mdidruli kamarebiT,
TavsamkulebiT, saxarebaTa
Tavebis dasawyisSi
warmodgenilia oriarusiani
miniatiurebi. xelnaweris
Seqmnis organizatori da
gadamweria konstantinepolis
romanas monasterSi moRvawe
iovane, momxatveli
bizantieli miqael koreseli.
XII-XIII ss.
etrati, 274 f.,
zoma: 29,121 sm.
gadamweri: iovane
mxatvari: miqael koreseli
gadaweris adgili: romanas
monasteri
A 1335
50
51
mcire sjulis kanoni

eqvTime aTonelis Targmani, es aris saeklesio samarTlis pirveli qarTuli
Targmani, Sesrulebuli avtokefaluri qarTuli eklesiis aRmavlobis periodSi.
aerTianebs sxvadasxva kanonikuri xelnaweri wignis masalas, maT Soris
qarTulsac. gadawerilia cnobili kaligrafis, basilis, mier. wignis Seqmnis
iniciatoria banas episkoposi zaqaria.
didi svinaqsari
saeklesio kalendarze gawyobili es saRvTismsaxuro wigni aerTianebs msoflio da qarTuli
eklesiebis wmindanTa mokle cxovrebebsa da wamebebs. Mmisi meSveobiT vecnobiT sofiawmidis,
stodielTa savanisa da aTonis iverTa monastris liturgikul praqtikas. Ddidi svinaqsari
1036 wels berZnulidan Targmna da qarTuli masaliT Seavso giorgiM mTawmidelma. es
xelnaweri dafinansebuli da gadawerilia Sav mTaze XI s-Si moRvawe cnobili kaligrafebis,
daviT da iovane jibisZeebis, mier. naweria nusxuriT, yavisferi melniT, saTaurebi
asomTavruliTa da singuriT. Semkulia sworxazovani TavsamkaulebiTa da sazedao asoebiT.
1031 w.
gadamweri: basili
S 143
X s.
gadamwerebi da damfinansebelebi iovane da daviT jibisZeebi
gadaweris adgili Savi mTa, romanwminda
H 2211
52
53
sagangebo yuradRebas imsaxurebs antioqiis maxloblad Sav mTaze arsebul qarTvelTa samonastro kolonizacia, romelic XI s-is 30-iani wlebidan intensiurad
amoqmedda.
qarTvelebi moRvaweobdnen svimeonwmindis, kaliposis, kastanas, barlaamwmindis, romanas, lerwmisxevis,
ezrasa da TualTas monastrebSi. qarTvelTa samwignobro saqmianobas warmarTavdnen XI s-is cnobili mTargmnel redaqtorebi: giorgi aToneli, giorgi Seyenebuli,
giorgi mcire, efrem mcire, kaligrafebi: ioane da miqael dvalebi. qarTvel mwignobrebs metad mWidro kontaqti hqondaT adgilobriv berZnul-asurul-arabul wreebTan. isini sargeblobdnen Teodore patriarqis mier
svimeonwmidaSi daarsebuli mdidari biblioTekiT. swored Savi mTis qarTul xelnawerebSi Camoyalibda teqstebis Teologiuri da samecniero komentirebis principebi. amave xelnawerebSi konstantinepoluri tradiciis
paralelurad aisaxa uZvelesi siriuli kulturis kvalic.
amave
periodSi
bizantiis
karTan
daaxlovebulma
taoelma didebulma grigol bakurianisZem bulgareTSi daaarsa qarTvelTa monasteri petriwoni seminariiTurT. aq ioane petriwis TaosnobiT Camoyalibda umniSvnelovanesi filosofiur-Teologiuri skola.
XI saukunidan qarTvelTa yuradReba kvlav miipyro
palestinam, romelSic axali ZaliT ifeTqa qarTulma
samonastro-samwignobro saqmianobam. am saqmianobis saTaveSi idga qarTvelTa jvris monasteri da misi damaarsebeli giorgi proxore, romelic zrunavda axali xelnaweri krebulebis Sedgenagamravlebaze; swored misi
TaosnobiT Sedga palestinis gamoCenil moRvaweTa `cxovrebebis~ krebuli, romelic palestinis paterikis saxeliTaa cnobili. DdRes es krebuli londonSi britaneTis
muzeumSia daculi, Addit 1181; jvris wignsacavi swrafad
ivseboda saqarTveloSi moRvawe mwignobarTa monawileobiTac, amave dros iq gadawerili xelnawerebi igzav-
alaverdis oTxTavi
neboda sxva qarTul samonastro centrebSi. monasteri

qarTuli samefo karisa da feodaluri aristokratiis
sagangebo yuradRebas imsaxurebda; saqarTveloSi Seiqmna jvris metoqi anu Tanamdgomi saeklesio centrebi,
54
55
alaverdis oTxTavi
56
57
alaverdis oTxTavi
gvxvdeba macxovris tiloze aRbeWdili xelTuqmneli xatis, anu
klasikuri xanis qarTuli xelnaweri wignis erT-erTi gamorCeuli
mandilionis gamosaxuleba. Ees sagangebo wigni bagrat IV-isadmi
egzemplari. Seqmnilia Savi mTis kaliposis lavraSi. ganekuTvneba im
morCilebis niSnad 1054 wels saqarTveloSi Camoitana liparit
iSviaT oTxTavTa ricxvs, romlebsac erTviT macxovris xelTuqmneli
baRvaSis Zem ivanem.
xatis Txroba àvgarozis epistole~. wigni gadawerilia maRali

xarisxis etratze nusxuriTa da mTavruliT XI s-is cnobili
kaligrafebis mier. Semkulia ornamentuli sazedao asoebiT,
sawinamZRvre jvriT da kanonebiT, furclovan oqroze Sesrulebuli
cxra miniatiuriT. es aris erTaderTi qarTuli xelnaweri, romelSic
58
1054 w.
gadamwerebi: giorgi da ioane dvali
gadaweris adgili: Savi mTis kaliposis RvTismSoblis lavra
A 484
59
grigol RvTismetyvelis Txzulebani
marginaluri niSnebiTa da mxatvruli kompoziciebiT. XVIII s-Si
filosofiur-Teologiuri krebuli. Seicavs 19 teqsts. qarTuli
ekuTvnoda erekle II-is SviliSvils, daviT batoniSvils.
Targmani ekuTvnis efrem mcires. Ees aris komentirebuli

xelnaweris erT-erTi saukeTeso ilustrirebuli egzemplari.
gadawerilia qaRaldze, nusxuriT, yavisferi melaniT, saTaurebi da
dasawyisebi singuriT, Semkulia ornamentuli sazedao asoebiT,
60
XII s.
qaRaldi, 280 f., zoma: 42,531 sm.
gadamweri da gadaweris adgili ucnobia.
A 109
61
62
63
gelaTis oTxTavi
64
65
gelaTis oTxTavi
XII saukunis wignis xelovnebis unikaluri nimuSi, sazeimo oTxTavi; gadawerilia
sagangebod damuSavebul etratze nusxuriT, yavisferi melniT, singuriTa da
oqromelniT. gamoirCeva rogorc mxatvruli SesrulebiT, aseve SedgenilobiT.
saxarebis teqsts erTvis sadeklamacio-liturgukul niSanTa ganmartebebi
berZnul da qarTul enebze da àvgarozis epistole~. Semkulia svetovani
kamarebiT, 254 miniatiuriT, natifi oqromelniT Sesrulebuli sazedao asoebiT.
TiToeuli miniatiuris fonad furclovani oqroa gamoyenebuli. TiToeul Tavs
uZRvis maxareblebis portretebi. saxarebis oTxive Tavis saTauri Casmulia
xaliCiseburi ornamentiT Semkul CarCoSi. saxareba giorgi mTawmideliseuli
Targmanis Semcveli pirveli nimuSia.
XII s.
etrati, III, 293 f., zoma: 2618,8 sm.
Q 908
66
67
wyarosTavis II saxareba
biWvinTis oTxTavi
xelnaweri wigni gadawerilia Tamar mefis zeobis dros. naweria etratze klasikuri
xelnaweri Seiqmna XII s-Si, dasavleT saqarTveloSi, mogvianebiT ganekuTvna
nusxuriT, yavisferi melniTa da singuriT. mis Semkulobas warmoadgens maxarebelTa
biWvinTis RmrTismSoblis eklesias. Ggadawerilia etratze, nusxuriT. saxarebis
4 portreti. ioane safareli-mtbevari episkoposis dakveTiT wigni gadauweria or pirs.
teqsti naweria yavisferi melniT, xolo asomTavruliT Sesrulebuli saTaurebi
wignis ydis ostatia beqa opizari.
oqromelniTa da singuriT. xelnawerSi SemorCenili wm. Mmaxareblebis markozisa

da lukas ori miniatiura. wignis moxatuloba metyvelebs qarTuli miniatiuruli
1195 w.
gadamwerebi: ioane fukaralisZe, giorgi seTasZe.
Q 907
mxatvrobis TviTmyofad xasiaTze.

XII s.
Eetrati, 230 f., zoma: 3123 sm.
Gadaweris adgili: dasavleTi saqarTvelo
H 2120
68
69
romlebic Ffinansurad uzrunvelyofdnen sazRvargareT

arsebul qarTul monasters. qarTvelebi moRvaweobdnen aseve golgoTa uflis saflavi aRdgomis, kappaTas, derTufas, dertavis dedaTa, geTsamaniis, Ralias, basilis, Teodores, nikolozis, samoelis, Sehanis
monastrebSi.
dRes cnobilia ierusalimuri qarTuli koleqsiis
161 xelnaweri.
paralelurad qarTuli xelnaweri wigni iqmneba saqarTveloSi arsebul eklesia-monastrebSi. samwignobro
saqmianobam moicva rogorc saqarTvelos didi samonastro centrebi, aseve calkeuli eklesia-monastrebi.
Mmdidrulad moxatuli da SinaarsiT mravalferovani
wignis floba rogorc sasuliero, aseve saero wodebis
Rirsebad iqca.
XIII-XVI ss-is qarTuli xelnaweri mihyveba ganviTarebis tradiciul gzas, romlis dacvac am periodis werilobiT kulturas iseve, rogorc qarTul saxelmwifos,
monRolebis, osmaleTisa da iranis politukuri zewolis pirobebSi uwevs.
XVII-XVIII ss-idan gafarTovda qarTvelTa kulturuli urTierTobis wre. qarTulma werilobiTma kulturam
yuradReba mimarTa evropuli codnisa da gamocdilebisaken, rasac xels uwyobda am epoqis politikuri urTierTobebi. erTi mxriv, kaTolike misionerebis gamoCena saqarTveloSi da, meore mxriv, ruseTTan politikuri kavSiris damyarebis mcdelobas bunebrivad mohyva am
sivrceebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli samwignobro gamocdilebis Semosvla CvenSi. gadaiwera kaTolikuri Sinaarsis
wignebi, rusulidan iTargmna sasuliero mwerlobisa da
oTxTavi
ierusalimSi, geTsemaniis monasterSi (eklesiaSi) gadawerili samonastro
daniSnulebis wigni. naweria etratze nusxuriT, yavisferi melniT, saTaurebi da
dasawyisebi singuriT; xelnaweris bolo nawili palimfsestia. gadamweria mwiri
saeklesio istoriis laTinur samyaroSi gavrcelebuli
miqaeli, warmoSobiT mcxeTeli, romelmac aRniSnuli samuSao Seasrula stefane
Zeglebi, daarsda pirveli stamba. qarTuli xelnaweri
xucesis, palavrelis, SekveTiT.; wigns erTvis XII s-Si mxedruliT jvarosnebis
wignis Sedgenisa da gaformebis tradiciam Tavdapir-
tamplierTa ordenis wevrebis mosaxsenebeli warwerebi.
velad nabeWd wignSi gadainacvla. beWduri produqciis

momZlavrebam ki erTgvarad Seaviwrova qarTuli xelna-
1048 w.
etrati; 243 f., zoma: 2216,5 sm.
weris gavrcelebis areali, romelic piradi sakuTrebis
gadamweri: miqaeli
mcire formis wignebiT SemoisazRvra.
gadaweris adgili ierusalimi, geTsemania
met-naklebi
intensivobiT
qarTulma
xelnawerma
H 1741
wignma XX s-is dasawyisamde SeinarCuna arseboba.
70
71
ioane sineli, klemaqsi
arSiebze uamravi sqolioa, romelTa striqonebis ganlageba figurebs qmnis. wignis
`klemaqsis~ anu `saTnoebaTa kibis~ eqvTime mTawmideliseuli Targmani,
gaformebaSi Tavs iCens xalxuri nakadi. teqsti dawerilia nusxurad, Savi da
gadawerili XII-XIII ss-Si ori kaligrafis mier: erTis vinaoba ucnobia, meorea
yavisferi melniT, sazedao asoebi teqstis melniT an singuriT.
nikras. Mmisi naweri gamoirCeva teqstis sadeklamacio niSnebisa da mxatvruli

ornamentebis mravalferovnebiT: sityvebs Soris dasmulia gankveTilobis
niSnebi, mZimeebi, striqonebs zemoT da qvemoT talRovani xazebi. sazedao
asoebi SeWrilia teqstSi, Semkulia foTlovani ornamentiT, zogSi adamianTa
saxeebia Caxatuli, zogSi ki mTeli sityvaa Cawerili. teqstis farTo
72
XII-XIII ss.
Ggadamwerebi: ucnobi da nikra
H 1669
73
oTxTavi
varZiis oTxTavi
klasikuri periodidan gviandeli tradiciisaken gardamavali periodis xelnaweri wignis
maRali xarisxis TeTr etratze Sesrulebuli xelnaweri wigni yuradRebas iqcevs mdidruli,
saintereso nimuSi. Ggadaweris konkretuli adgili ucnobia, magram wigni Seqmnilia
natifi originaluri morTulobiTa da klasikuri kaligrafiuli nusxuriT, saTaurebi singuriTa
saqarTveloSi erT-erTi feodaluri ojaxis glonisTavisZeebis dakveTiT. wignis mxatvrul-
da mTavruliT. sazedao asoebi da teqstis mniSvnelovani adgilebi naweria oqromelniTa da
dekoratiuli sistema Seqmnilia klasikuri xanis qarTuli wignis nimuSebis mibaZviT, Tumca
feradebiT. maxareblebis gamosaxulebani teqstian furclebzea Sesrulebuli da mcire adgils
gansxvavebuli ferTa palitriT, konkretulad, mWaxe wiTeli saRebavis gamoyenebiT.
ikavebs. miniatiurebi Semkulia originaluri ornamentebiT. varZiis oTxTavi sazeimo xasiaTis

xelnaweria, romelic savaraudod Tamar mefes ekuTvnoda. XVI saukunemde wigni varZiaSi inaxeboda,
XII-XIII ss.
gadamweri: iakobi
A 516
sparselebis mier varZiis Zarcvis Semdgom igi gamousyidia leon kaxTa mefis vaJs da kvlav
varZiisaTvis Seuwiravs. wigns hqonia vercxlis yda RvTismSoblis minanqriani xatiT, romelic
SemouZarcvavT.
XII-XIII ss.
Q 899
74
75
oTxTavi
oTxTavi
XIII s-Si gadawerili da moxatuli wigni. erT-erTi im mcirericxovan saxarebaTagani,
XIII s-is erT-erTi saukeTeso kaligrafiuli nimuSia da Sesrulebuli unda iyos sagangebod
romelTac axlavs àvgarozis epistolis~ teqsti gvianbizantiuri xanis elinofiluri
didgvarovani feodaluri wris warmomadenlisTvis. naweria nusxuriT, saTaurebi wiTel
tradiciis Targmani, sadeklamacio-liturgikuli niSnebis TanxlebiTurT. oTxTavi
fonze oqromelniT. oTxTavis Semkulobas warmoadgens ornamentuli morTulobis calkeuli
moxatulia. yoveli Tavis dasawyiss amSvenebs maxareblebis gamosaxulebani oqros
elementebi, kamarebi, sazedao asoebi, oqromelniT Sesrulebuli miniatiurebi markozisa da lukas
fonze, romelTac sacavad gakeTebuli aqvs qsovilis safari. teqsti Semkulia
gamosaxulebebiT, xarebis, Sobis, ierusalimSi Sesvlis kompoziciebiT.
saucxood gaformebuli TavsamkauliTa da sazedao asoebiT. Mmxatvari maTe (3r)

mtkiced inarCunebs individualuri, TviTmyofadi qarTuli wignis xelovnebisaTvis
damaxasiaTebel erovnul tradiciebs. mogvianebiT wigni ganuaxlebia da cxaotis Tavis
RmrTismSoblisaTvis Seuwiravs qsnis erisTavis meuRles, rodams (3r).
XIII s.
etrati, 268 f., 23,517,5 sm.
gadamweri: nikoloz katarawisZe
A 26
XIII s.
A 496
76
77
moqvis oTxTavi
wigni warmoadgens qarTul
oTxTavTa Soris erT-erT bolo
ilustrirebul wigns, romelSic
gamovlenilia qristianuli xelovnebis
paleologosuri xanis (1261-1361 ww.)
bizantiuri xatwerisa da
winarenesansuli evropuli mxatvrobis
elementebi. sazeimo xasiaTis
es wigni gadawerilia dasavleT
saqarTveloSi afxazeTSi, moqvis
monasterSi. misi damkveTia moqvis
eparqiis mTavarepiskoposi danieli.
gadamweri da mxatvari efremi. naweria
etratze mxsvili nusxuriT, yavisferi
melniT. warmodgenilia 10 kamara,
152 siuJeturi miniatiura, romelTa
Soris interess iwvevs Cviledi
RvTismSoblis winaSe vedrebis pozaSi
mdgomi moqveli mTavarepiskoposi
danieli. xelnawerSi ikiTxeba 531
sazedao aso.
1300 w.
gadamweri da momxatveli: efremi
damkveTi: moqvis eparqiis
mTavarepiskoposi danieli
gadaweris adgili: moqvi
Q 902
asli
78
79
ioane oqropiris Jamiswirva,

XIII-XIV ss. gragnili, Semdgari
sami erTmaneTze gadakerebuli
etratis furclis, anu
kefisagan. naweria nusxuriT,
yavisferi melniT. saTauri
feradi saRebavebiT, lamazad
moxatuli sazedao asoebi
mTavruliT. adgilebi
gacxovelebulia Savi melniT.
xelnaweris gadamweri yofila
gabrieli, romelsac nusxuriT
Seusrulebia teqsti. gragnili
naweria orive mxareze.
ioane oqropiris Jamiswirva,
anu kondaki daxveulia xis
joxze, anu kondakze. teqstis
dasawyisSi moTavsebulia ioane
oqropiris gamosaxuleba,
romelic Casmulia wnuli
ornamentiT Semkul CarCoSi.
XIII-XIV ss.
etrati, 3 kefi,
zomebi: 64,520,8 sm.; 7420,8 sm.;
70,521,1 sm.
gadamweri: gabrieli
A 922.
kurTxevani
krebulSi gaerTianebulia sxvadasxva tipis locvebi, maT Soris bevria samkurnalo Sinaarsisa.
Zvel qarTul krebulTa Soris aRniSnuli wigni unda mivakuTvnoT e. w. gardamavali tipis
krebuls, romelic farTo sociumisaTvis moiazreba. gadamweri da gadaweris adgili ucnobia,
magram, savaraudod, Zalze Zveli dednis asls warmoadgens. teqstebi uaxlovdeba klarjul
Targmanebs. naweria aRmosavlur qaRaldze. teqsti dawerilia nusxuriT, saTaurebi da sazedao
asoebi singuriT.
xelnawerSi uxvadaa feradebiT Sesrulebuli Tavbolokazmulobebi,
adamianis, frinvelTa, cxovelTa
da yvavilovan-mcenareuli gamosaxulebebi, mxatvrulad
gaformebuli sazedao asoebi da vardulebi.

XIV-XV ss.
F118 f., aqedan qaRaldi 116 f., etrati 2 f.; zoma: 24,520,5 sm.
A 1110
80
81
largvisis zatiki, XV s.
zatiki liturgikuli wignia da aRdgomis periodis sagaloblebs
niSnavs. naweria nusxuriT, saTaurebi singuriT. moxatulia
TavsamkauliT, sazedao asoebiTa da miniatiurebiT, romlebzec
gamosaxulia scenebi sauflo dResaswaulebidan.
EXV s.
etrati, f. 175, 25,620,2 sm.
gadamweri: barnaba, damkveTi: Salva erisTavi
A 25
82
83
fsalmuni
gadawerilia samcxeSi aTabagTa feodaluri saxlis Taosanis yvaryvaresa da misi vaJis
mzeWabuk II-is sagangebo dakveTiT. momcro zomis xelnaweri saojaxo biblioTekisTvisaa
Seqmnili. naweria etratze nusxuriT, sazedao asoebisaTvis gamoyenebulia asomTavruli,
gaformebulia oqromelniT. Mfsalmunebs win uZRvis feradebiT Sesrulebuli miniatiura daviT
winaswarmetyvelisa, romelic qnarze ukravs, xolo teqstis dasawyiss amkobs Tavsamkauli
originaluri ornamentiT.
A1494 w.
etrati, 168 f., zoma: 9,87,6 sm.
gadaweris adgili: samcxe, samxreTi saqarTvelo
A 351
fsalmuni
mdidrulad gaformebuli es xelnaweri wigni sagangebod maRali aristokratuli ojaxisaTvis
unda yofiliyo dakveTili. Seicavs giorgi mTawmideliseul redaqciis teqsts. uZRvis daviT
winaswarmetyvelis gamosaxuleba, darTuli aqvs teqstze adreuli maRalmxatvruli miniatiurebi.
suraTebi, romlebic ufro adreulia, vidre teqsti. gadamweris mxedrulad Sesrulebuli
anderZiT irkveva, rom xelnaweri daukveTavs zilixan batoniSvils.
XVII s.
H 1665
84
85
fsalmuni
XVI s.
wigni gadaiwera dasavleT saqarTveloSi, sof. RvaraSi TeTrosanis
qaRaldi, 144 f., 2317,5 sm.
saxelwodebiT cnobil eklesiaSi qaixosro gurielisa da misi

dedis, dedofal aTabagis qal Tamaris dakveTiTa da finansuri
uzruvelyofiT. Ggadawerilia aRmosavlur qaRaldze nusxuriT.
gadamweri: germanozi
gadaweris adgili: Rvaras TeTrosnis eklesia
H 75
Semkulia 55 teqstze adreuli miniatiuriT.
86
87
biblia
samoTxis kari
wigni, romelsac `mcxeTur xelnawers~ uwodeben, bibliis yvelaze srulyofili qarTuli
sulxan-saba orbelianis `samoTxis kari~ kiTxva-migebiT dawerili moZRvrebaa. igi avtograful
xelnaweria. Zegli naTlad metyvelebs XVII-XVIII ss. mijnaze qarTvelTa
nusxas warmoadgens da 1701 wliT TariRdeba. am xelnawerSi, romelic avtoris ubis wignaki unda
mniSvnelovan codnasa da
gamocdilebaze bibliologiisa Tu samecniero-filologiuri saqmianobis Sesaxeb. biblia naweria
yofiliyo misive xeliT Setanilia sxva masala, romelic Seicavs locvebs, RvTismsaxurebasTan
qaRaldze Savi melniT, nusxuriT. gairCeva ramdenime xeli. saTaurebi Sesrulebulia mTavruliT,
dakavSirebul sakiTxavebs. wigni naweria qaRaldze mxedruliT. teqsti adgil-adgil avtoris mier
zogjer wiTeli melniT. redaqtirebulia mxedruliT da axlavs amave xeliT Sesrulebuli
unda iyos nasworebi, rasac mowmobs qaRaldis viwro naWrebi, romlebic wignakSia Cakruli.
saZieblebi, romlebic ekuTvnis redaqtors, sulxan-saba orbelians. xelnawerSi CarTulia vaxtang

VI-is stambaSi dabeWdili teqsti `winaswarmetyvelTa wignebi~.
1701 w.
XVII-XVIII ss.
gadamweri: sulxan-saba orbeliani

A 303
gadamwerebi: sulxan-saba orbeliani, lazare

A 51
88
89
qarTuli saero xelnawerebi
Sua saukuneebis qarTul saero xelnawerebSi war

modgenilia Janrobrivad da Sinaarsobrivad mravalfe
rovani mwerlobis nimuSebi, mxatvruli da samecniero
Sinaarsis Txzulebebi. es xelnawerebi TavianTi Sedge
nilobiTa Tu mxatvruli gaformebiT imdroindeli sa
zogadoebis sulieri interesebisa da moTxovnebis Sesabamisad
iqmneboda
da
asaxavda
axloaRmosavleTis
saerTo kulturuli arealis ZiriTad tendenciebsa da

mimarTulebebs. misi mxatvruli saxe da Seqmnis teqnika
emyareboda Zveli qarTuli xelnaweri wignis tradiciebs,
romlebic sasuliero wreebSi, qarTul da ucxour skriptoriumebSi yalibdeboda.
Ggulani
SedgenilobiT originaluri qarTuli krebulia, romelSic Tavmoyrilia saRvTismsaxuro yvela
wigni: saxareba, saqme mociqulTa, pavleni, Tveni, Jamni, daviTni, marxvani, zatiki, svinaqsari.
eklesiaSi is ikiTxeboda mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi. Ees gulani daukveTavs kaTalikos nikoloz
amilaxvriSvils 1681 wels. Nnaweria qaRaldze nusxuriT, yavisferi melniT. sazedao asoebi da
qarTuli werilobiTi kulturis saero xelnawerebis

saxis Camoyalibeba damoukidebeli da Zlieri feodaluri monarqiis, politikurad da ekonomikurad mowinave
qarTuli saxelmwifosa da brwyinvale samefo karis ar
saTaurebi mTavruliTa da singuriT. xelnaweri moxatulia, teqstsa da xelnaweris kideebze
sebobis pirobebSi daiwyo. Semdgom ki, erTiani saqar
uxvad gvxvdeba wmindanTa gamosaxulebebi, aseve scenebi sauflo dResaswaulebidan. F
Tvelos daSlisa da politikuri Znelbedobis Jams, qar

Tuli samonastro kerebis Sesustebis periodSi, swored
1681 w.
qaRaldi, 345 f., zoma: 3524 sm.
saero xelnawerma itvirTa wignis SemecnebiTi arealis
gadamwerebi: miqaeli, saba, abeli
gafarTovebisa
A 30
vrcelebis funqcia. Tumca aqve unda aRiniSnos isic, rom
90
da
progresuli
codnis
Semotana-ga-
91
SoTa rusTaveli,
`vefxistyaosni~
cnobilia begTabegiseuli
nusxis saxelwodebiT.
gadawerilia mxedruliT;
xelnaweri gamoirCeva
Tavisi SemkulobiT
teqstis TiToeuli gverdi
Casmulia CarCoSi, xolo
kideebi ornamentiTaa
moxatuli.
momgebeli: mefe giorgi XI
1680 w.
qaRaldi, 263 f.,
zoma: 44,530 sm.
gadamweri: mdivani
begTabegi
H 54
92
93
SoTa rusTaveli, `vefxistyaosani~
sami siuJeturi miniatiura. mxatvrobaSi ikveTeba sparsuli saminiatiuro
àvaliSviliseuli~ nusxa; gadawerilia kaligrafiuli mxedruliT,
xelovnebis kvali.
Savi melniT; yoveli furclis aSia mdidruladaa Semkuli. taepebis

dasawyisi sityvebi oqroTia naweri; aSiebi gaformebulia zoomorfuli
elementebiT, peizaJiT, sxvadasxva saxis kompoziciiT. teqsts axlavs
94
XVI-XVII ss.
H 2074
95
saero xelnaweris Sinaarsobrivi ganviTarebis safuZveli

sasuliero wignebSia saZiebeli. droTa viTarebaSi qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalurobisa Tu erovnul wmindanTa panTeonis Seqnis mizniT Camoyalibebulma Zeglebma
saTave daudes saistorio mwerlobis Txzulebebs da
arasamonastro kuTvnilebis wignebs Soris daimkvidres
adgili. farTo politikurma Tu kulturulma urTierTobebma, samonastro wiaRSi gadawerili Sereuli krebulebis Tematurma mravalferovnebam, qarTuli mwerlobisa da wignis Seqmnis saqmeSi saero aristokratiis
aqtiurma CarTvam biZgi misca rogorc saero Sinaarsis
calkeuli Txzulebebis, aseve anTologiuri krebulebis
warmoSobas.
saero krebulebis qronologiaze dakvirveba erT
metad mniSvnelovan garemoebas gamokveTs maTi umetesoba gviani Sua saukuneebiT TariRdeba. rogorc Cans,
saxotbo Tu sagmiro-saraindo Temaze Seqmnili Zeglebi,
romlebic saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi asazrdoebdnen qarTvel mkiTxvels, mainc piradi sakuTrebis, saojaxo reliqviebad miCneul xelnawerebSi iyrida Tavs, rac, garkveuli TvalsazrisiT, maTi daculobis areals aviwroebda.
Aamgvar wignebze zrunva saojaxo interesis sferos ar
scildeboda. Mmuslimur garemosTan mwvave politikuri
dapirispirebis pirobebSi qarTuli saxelmwifos, ekle
siisa Tu sazogadoebis mTeli yuradReba sasuliero Sinaarsis xelnawerebis dacvisken iyo mimarTuli. AalbaT

`wereTliseuli~ nusxa; gadawerilia mxedruliT, Savi melniT;
saTaurebi da strofebis dasawyisebi singuriTaa naweri;
xelnaweri dasuraTebulia ori ostatis mier. MminiatiuraTa
nawili Sesrulebulia iranuli isfahanuri saminiatiuro
mxatvrobis gavleniT, nawili ki asaxavs erovnul qarTul
tendenciebs.
XVIII s.
S 5006
96
97
98
99
amitomacaa, rom XII-XIII ss-Si Seqmnilma qarTuli saero

mwerlobis unikalurma nimuSebma gviandeli xelnaweri
wignebis saxiT moaRwia Cvenamde. magaliTisaTvis movi
yvanT saxotbo poeziis maRalmxatvrul nimuSebs `Tamariansa~ da àbdulmesias~, romlebic gviani xanis nusxebiTaa
Semonaxuli da warmodgenilia aRorZinebis periodis poetur nimuSebTan erTad.
klasikuri xanis poeturi Sedevri `vefxistyaosnis~
100-ze met xelnawerSia daculi. Zegli zogadkulturuli fenomenia, sxvadasxva epoqiTa da kulturiTn nasazrdoebi, rac am xelnawerebis gamorCeuli nimuSebis
mxatvrul gaformebaSic vlindeba. sagangebo dakveTiTa
da finansuri uzrunvelyofiT Seqmnili, samefo ojaxebisa Tu did feodalTa mzrunvelobiT gadawerili nusxebi
warmogvidgens rogorc `xalxuri~ mimarTulebis, ise islamuri xelovnebis uSualo gavleniT Seqmnil dekoratiul da saminiatiuro mxatvrobas.
aRorZinebis
dis
xanisa
xelnawerebiTaa
da
ufro
Semonaxuli
gviandeli
perio-
àmirandarejanianic~
- qarTuli saero mwerlobis erT-erTi adreuli da

mravalmxriv sayuradRebo Zegli. calkeul moTxrobaTa
krebuli TxzulebaSi Zlevamosili gmiris amiran darejanis Zis TavgadasavliTaa gaerTianebuli. Txzulebis
zogierTi nusxis moxatuloba xalxuri niSniTaa aRbeWdili; maTSi xazgasmulia am periodis saqarTveloSi
erTgvar kultad qceuli fizikuri Zala da safalavno
atributebi.

`TavaqaraSviliseuli~ nusxa; gadawerilia mxedruliT, Savi melniT; saTaurebi
singuriTaa naweri. teqsti warmoadgens poemis
e. w. `vrcel redaqcias~. nusxis
moxatuloba qarTuli erovnuli Semoqmedebis nimuSadaa miCneuli. erTvis

gadamwerisa da momxatvelis, mamuka TavaqaraSvilis, avtoportreti. wigni
Seqmnilia samegrelos mTavar levan II dadianis iniciativiT
1646 w.
gadamweri da momxatveli: mamuka TavaqaraSvili
H 599
100
101
SoTa rusTaveli, `vefxistyaosni~
102
SoTa rusTaveli, `vefxistyaosni~
103
Aamave periods ganekuTvneba ucxoobaSi gadaxvewili

qarTveli poetis, daviT guramiSvilis, monumenturi qmni
leba `daviTiani~ poetis pirmSo, XVIII s-is saqarTvelosa
da misi bedkruli Svilis SfoTiani cxovrebis poeturi
matiane, romelic erTaderTi avtografuli xelnaweriTaa Semonaxuli.

SuasaukuneebSi
saqarTvelos
Rrma
kavSiri
aqvs
rogorc elinur-bizantiur, ise islamur aRmosavleT-
daviT
àmirandarejaniani~
gadawerilia mxedruliT,
aqvs Tavkazmuloba; erTvis
saWurvlis nusxa 33
dasaxelebiT da tabula
saWurvlis gamosaxulebebiT,
agreTve ilustraciebi,
romlebsac axlavs
ganmartebebi.
guramiSvili,
`daviTiani~
avtografuli xelnaweri;
naweria mxedruliT, saTaurebi
da striqonTa dasawyisebi
singuriT. teqsts erTvis
guramiSvilis avtoportreti,
sarwyavisa da wisqvilis
gegma. mis Tavze axtirkis
RvTismSoblis xatis nabeWdi
suraTia Cakruli.
1824 w.
qaRaldi, 113 f.,
1787 w.
zoma: 32,520 sm.
qaRaldi, 155 f.,
gadamweri: daviT Tumanovi
zoma: 32,519,5 sm.
gadaweris adgili: Tbilisi
gadawerilis adgili: ukraina
H 384
104
S 1598
105
Tan, ramac civilizaciaTa gasayarze myof qveyanas saSualeba misca SeeTvisebina da gardaesaxa am kulturaTa
sulieri monapovari. qarTuli xelnaweri wigni asaxavs am
gavlenebs rogorc Sinaarsobrivi, ise wignis mxatvruli
gaformebis TvalsazrisiT.
XI s-idan gansakuTrebiT intensiuri gaxda urTierToba Cvens kulturul mezobelTan iranTan. Ppolitikuri da erovnul-sarwmunoebrivi antagonizmis miuxedavad,
sparsuli originalebidan Sesrulebuli Targmanebi da
gadamuSavebebi organulad erwymoda qarTul mwerlobas, rasac ganapirobebda am Zeglebis maRali mxatvruli
done da monaTesave motivTa arseboba qarTul mxatvrul
azrovnebaSi.
klasikuri sparsuli mwerlobis erT-erTi brwyinvale
Zegli `vis o ramini~ swored am periodSi iTargmna qarTulad. igi zedmiwevniTi sizustiT mihyveba originals da
Tavisi maRalmxatvruli RirebulebiT qarTuli mwerlobis SesaniSnav nimuSs warmoadgens. Zegli iseve, rogorc
sagmiro-safalavno da romantikul-samijnuro TxzulebaTa sxva Targman-gadamuSavebebi, gviandeli xelnawerebiTaa Semonaxuli.
XV saukunidan iqmneba iranuli sagmiro-safalano
eposis, sparsuli klasikuri poeziis sworupovari nimuSis `Sah-names~ rogorc proziTi, ise poeturi qarTuli
versiebi. qarTuli xelnaweri memkvidreoba asaxavs am
versiaTa Camoyalibebis mTel process da amasTan qar-
`visramiani~
xelnaweri warmogvidgens sparsuli `vis o raminis~ beiTur sistemas
da uaRresad
mniSvnelovania sparsuli teqstis dadgena-dazustebisaTvis. damsuraTebeli mihyveba

muslimur-aRmosavlur tradicias da xelnawers amkobs am gavlenis Sedegad Seqmnili
mairanizebeli miniatiurebiT.
gadwerilia mxedruliT, Savi melniT; saTaurebi da abzacebis dasawyisebi singuriTaa
naweri.
1729 w.
S 3702
106
107
Tuli saero xelnaweris dasuraTebis, saero miniatiuris
gansakuTrebuli gavlena iqonia agreTve e. w. xalxurma
ganviTarebis imdroindel tendenciebs.
nakadmac, Tumca Aam jgufis qarTuli xelnawerebi Ziri-
saero xelnaweris moxatuloba erTian mimarTulebad
Tadad mainc sparsuli xelnaweri wignis dasuraTebis
swored am periodSi, XVI s-dan, yalibdeba. igi efuZneba
gavlenis areSia moqceuli, rac qveynis politikuri da
samonastro
kulturuli orientirebiTaa ganpirobebuli.
wiaRSi
Seqmnili
sasuliero
wignisa
da
freskuli mxatvrobis gamocdilebas. mis ganviTarebaze
`rostomiani~
firdousis `Sah-names~
(`mefeTa wignis~) nawili.
gadawerilia mxedruliT,
Savi melniT; saTaurebi
da abzacebis dasawyisebi
singuriTaa naweri; aqvs
Tavkazmuloba; zogierTi
qaRaldi WvirniSniania.
xelnaweris meore
nawili dasuraTebulia
miniatiurebiT.
XVII s.
qaRaldi, F487 f.,
zoma: 39,525,5 sm.
S 1580
108
109
ùTruTian-saamiani~
1647 w.
gadawerilia mxedruliT, Savi melniT; xelnaweri Semkulia
miniatiurebiT, romelTa avtoria mamuka TavaqaraSvilia. ilustraciebi

devebi, bataluri scenebi, saWurveli da sxv. qarTuli xalxuri
saxvis maneriTaa Sesrulebuli. wigni Seiqmna samegrelos mTavar levan II
gadamweri da momxatveli: mamuka TavaqaraSvili

gadaweris adgili: samegrelo
S 1594
dadianis iniciativiT.
110
111
aRniSnuli tendencia TvalsaCiod aisaxeba sagange-
garda mxatvruli literaturisa, saero xelnawerma
bo dakveTiT Seqmnili `vefxistyaosnis~ xelnawerebSi,
gansakuTrebuli yuradReba miapyro istoriuli Sinaar-
agreTve popularul aRmosavlur samijnuro-romantikul
sis Txzulebebs; samefo ojaxebisa Tu feodaluri sax-
siuJetebze
(`leil-
lebis warmomadgenelTa dakveTiT gadaiwera rogorc
`Sami-farvanianis~,
saqarTvelos, aseve calkeuli gvaris istoriis amsaxveli
majnunianis~,
agebuli
Semcvel nusxebSi.
xelnaweri warmoadgens
kompilaciis
safuZvelze Sekrul
wigns, masSi daculia
poemis I versia.
igi mdidruladaa
moxatuli. nusxaSi
12 miniatiuraa,
romelTagan zogierTs
dauyveba mcenareuli
an geometriuli
ornamenti. nusxis
miniatiurebi,
romlebic adreuli
isfahanuri skolisa da
Sirazuli miniatiuris
112
Txzulebebis
`vard-bulbulianis~,
ìoseb-zilixanianis~)
ìosebzilixaniani~
sparsuli
literaturuli
gadamuSavebebis
wignebi. A gansakuTrebulad Rirebuli iyo qarTvelTaTvis

saistorio mwerlobis unikaluri Zegli - `qarTlis cx-
nimuSebTan avlens
msgavsebas,
sxva
xelnaweridanaa
amoRebuli da Cakruli
nusxis ufro didi
zomis, teqstisagan
Tavisufal
furclebze.
teqsti gadawerilia
mxedruliT, Savi
melniT; saTaurebi da
taepTa dasawyisebi
singuriTaa naweri.
XVI-XVII ss.
qaRaldi, 120 f.,
zoma: 21,515,5 sm.
113
`qarTlis cxovreba~
mariamiseuli nusxa. Seicavs
Zeglis uZveles teqsts.
gadawerilia mxedruliT, Savi
melniT, saTaurebi singuriTaa
naweri;
aqvs WvirniSnebi
sxvadasxva gamosaxulebiT.
ikiTxeba vaxtang VI-is
minawerebi. wigni Seiqmna
qarTlis mefe rostomis
meuRlis, dedofal mariamis
dakveTiT.
1633-1646 ww.
qaRaldi; 470 f.,
zoma: 32,523 sm.
S 30
114
115
ovreba~, romelic moicavs qarTveli eris istorias uZ-
XVII-XVIII ss-is saero xelnawerTa Soris mravlad
velesi droidan XVIII s-mde. Zegli aerTianebs leonti
moipoveba qarTuli samarTlis wignebi, romlebic mwigno-
mrovelis, juanSeris, JamTaaRmwerlis, Tamarisa da da-
barTa Rrma mecnieruli Sromis, wyaroebis Seswavla-Se-
viTis istorikosTa da sxvaTa Sromebs. dReisaTvis arse-
jerebis safuZvelze Seqmnili Zeglebia. `sjulmdeblad~
buli nusxebi (16 nusxa) asaxavs Taobebis mier sxvadasxva
wodebuli vaxtang VI-is samarTlis wignTa krebulma
epoqaSi krebulis Sesworeba-ganaxlebis, mateba-Sevsebis
gaaerTiana bibliuri, kaTalikosTa, berZnuli da somxuri
process.
samarTali, moicva beqa-aRbuRasa da giorgi brwyinvalis

wignebi, Tavad mis mier Sedgenili muxlebi da Seqmna samarTlis wignTa krebuli, romelic asaxavs Tanadroul
iuridiul yofasa da erovnul marTlSegnebas, warmoaCens Zeglis avtoris farTo erudicias da erovnul mizanswrafvas.
gviani Suasaukuneebis qarTvelma moRvaweebma didi
Rvawli dasdes samecniero Sinaarsis wignebis Seqmna-gavrcelebas. gadaiwera leqsikografiuli, enciklopediuri, samarTlis, samogzauro, geografiul-kartografiuli, astronomiul-astrologiuri, samedicino Sinaarsis
araerTi wigni.
am TvalsazrisiT unda gamoiyos XVII-XVIII ss-Ta ganmanaTleblisa da politikuri moRvawis sulxan-saba orbelianis `sityvis kona~ qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi
leqsikoni, gansakuTrebuli movlena qarTuli kulturis, enisa Tu samecniero azrovnebis istoriaSi. masSi
qsnis erisTvianT istoria
dafiqsirebulia Zveli qarTuli samwerlo enis leqsika,
xelnaweris Tavdapirveli
gamokrebili Zveli qarTuli teqstebidan, misi Taname-
varianti erT-erTi
drove enis monacemebi, maT Soris zepirsityvierebidan
feodaluri gvaris piradi
momdinare, agreTve `sxvaTa sityvebi~. qarTul xelnaw-
biblioTekisaTvis unda
erTa fondebSi daculia leqsikonis ramdenime redaq-
yofiliyo Sedgenili.
cia. `leqsikoni qarTuli~ moRweulia 50 xelnaweriT,
nusxis anderZis mixedviT,

es istoria upoviaT da
xelaxla gadauweriaT XIX s-Si.
romelTagan 9 avtografulia.
qarTuli sazogadoebis nawilis swrafva kaTolikuri
xelnaweri gadawerilia
evropisaken, rac ganpirobebuli iyo muslimobis moZale
mxedruliT, Savi melniT.
biTa da qveynis mZime politikuri viTarebiT, afarTo
wignSi warmodgenilia
ebda diplomatiuri urTierTobis areals da qmnida ev-
primitiuli mxatvrobis nimuSi.
ropul kulturasTan meti daaxloebis SesaZleblobas.

Aamis naTeli magaliTia sulxan-sabas mogzauroba itali-
1828 w.
qaRladi, 8 f., zoma: 3523 sm.
asa da safrangeTSi, rac sainteresod da originaluradaa
gadamwerebi: kneina mariam
asaxuli misi memuaruli Janris TxzulebaSi `mogzauroba
erisTavi da qsnis erisTavis Ze
evropaSi~. swored am Zeglma Cauyara safuZveli evro-
giorgi
pul saganmanaTleblo-samwignobro tradiciaSi cnobili
H 2496
116
117
vaxtang VI, samarTlis wignTa

krebuli
Sedgenilia vaxtang VI-is
mier; win uZRvis maRalaZis
xeliT gadawerili, grafebSi
Casmuli muxlobrivi saZiebeli
da meored mosvlis feradi
miniatiura; gadawerilia
mxedruliT, Savi melniT,
saTaurebi-singuriT
1708 w.
qaRaldi; 336 f., zoma: 3021 sm.
S 3683
118
119
sulxan-saba orbeliani, `leqsikoni qarTuli~
sulaxan-saba orbeliani, leqsikoni qarTuli
avtografuli nusxa. xelnawerSi Sesulia avtoris mier
xelnawers uZRvis: ànbanni saswavlo yrmaTa mier, saqcevni
Sesrulebuli naxazebi da sqemebi, erTvis avtoriseuli anderZi.
xuTTa asoTa, aTormetTa zodiaqTa saxelebi~ da sxv. Nnusxas

erTvis beris (savaraudod, sabas) miniatiuruli gamosaxuleba
1716 w.
gadaweris adgili: konstantinopoli
1730 w.
Ggadamweri: mxatvris Ze aleqsi
H 1658

S 4847
120
121
samogzauro-memuaruli Janris qarTul xelnawerTa Seqmnas.

Tu sulxan-sabasTvis mniSvnelovani iyo Seekriba da
mkiTxvelisaTvis miewodebina informacia evropis Sesaxeb,
Aam JanrSi moRvawe XIX saukunis orma avtorma timoTe
gabaSvilma da giorgi avaliSvilma yuradReba Cveni istoriuli warsulis umniSvnelovanes sivrces - qristianul
aRmosavleTs miapyres. maT mier Seqmnili Txzulebebi warmoadgens im mniSvnelovan wyaroebs, romlebic
mogviTxroben qarTvelTa moRvaweobisa da maTi kulturul-politikuri kavSirebis Sesaxeb aRmosavleTSi.
qarTuli xelnaweri memkvidreoba asaxavs saerTo
kulturuli arealis Tanadroul mecnierul codnasa
da saerTo tendenciebs. am mxriv sagangebo yuradRebas
imsaxurebs qarTuli sabunebismetyvelo Sinaarsis samecniero Txzulebebi rogorc originaluri, ise naTargmni da gadmokeTebuli, romlebic warmoaCens qarTveli
moazrovneebis,
mTargmnelebisa da
`gardamTqmelebis~
rols Suasaukuneebis mecnieruli azris formirebaSi da

maT saganmanaTleblo mizandasaxulobas.
erT-erTi aseTi adreuli da mravalmxriv sayuradRebo
nusxaa xelnawerTa erovnuli centris xelnaweri A-65,
Sereuli krebuli, romelic Seicavs sxvadasxva saxis
sasuliero Txzulebebs, agreTve astrologiuri Sinaarsis Zegls ètlTa da SvidTa mnaTobTaTvis~. igi aRmosavlurenovani (arabul-sparsuli) wyarodanaa gadmokeTebuli da exeba ciur etlTa daxasiaTebas, mTvaris moZraobas,
moZRvrebas Svidi mnaTobis Sesaxeb. Zegli warmoadgens am
tipis erT-erT yvelaze Zvel daTariRebul Txzulebas
(1188-1210 ww.) TviT aRmosavlur tradiciaSic. xelnaweri
uaRresad sayuradReboa moxatulobis TvalsazrisiTac
da did msgavsebas iCens sparsul saminiatiuro xelovnebasTan. aRorZinebis xanaSi (XVII-XVIII ss.). igi qarTvel
ganmanaTlebelTa - qarTlis mefis vaxtang VI-is da mefe
arCilis yuradRebis saganic iyo.
xelnawerTa erovnul centrSi daculia samecniero
Txzulebebis Semcveli mravalricxovani xelnawerebi. es
Txzulebebi Semdeg dargebs ganekuTvneba: astronomiaastrologia, kalendaruli masala da kosmogonia, mineralogia, qimia, maTematika, medicina. am ZeglTa Targ-
122
timoTe gabaSvili, moxilva wmidaTa da sxvaTa aRmosavleTis adgilTa

nusxaSi CarTulia aTonis monastris tuSiT Sesrulebuli ilustracia. xelnawerSi Sedis
timoTe gabaSvilis mier dawerili wigni `msgavsi ebistolisa~, romelic mTawmidis
monastrebisA istorias mogviTxrobs; nusxaSi Setanilia sityva `huriaTaTvis gangdebisa da
warmarTva wodebisaTvis~ da avtoris kidev erTi Txzuleba (`rameTu axso moSiSTa misTa
macxovareba misi...~).
XVIII s.
H 842
123
giorgi avaliSvili,
vaxuSti bagrationi,
`mogzauroba~
geografia
avtografuli nusxa; Txzuleba
xelnaweri avtografuli
dawerilia dRiuris saxiT,
nusxiTaa Semonaxuli; igi
moicavs periods 1819 wlis
moicavs msoflios geografiis
6 ivlisidan 1820 wlis 17
sakiTxebs da warmoadgens
ivlisamde; iyofa 2 nawilad:
evropuli geografiul-
mgzavroba Tbilisidan
kartografiuli codnis
ierusalimamde da piruku
Semotanis cdas. naweria
ierusalimidan Tbilisamde.
mxedruliT, Savi melniT.
Nnaweria nusxuriT da wvrili

kaligrafiuli mxedruliT,
Savi melniT. axlavs
mogzaurobis ruka, nagebobaTa
gegmebi, graviurebisa da
naxatebis feradi pirebi.
1752 w.
evropuli qaRaldi, 144 f.,
zoma: 5022 sm.
gadaweris adgili: ruseTi
A 717
1819-1820 ww.
S 450
124
125
vaxuSti bagrationi, geografia
126
127
etlTa da SvidTa mnaTobTaTvis
mnaSi, Sedgenasa Tu gadamuSavebaSi gamorCeuli roli
Txzuleba Sedis Sereul krebulSi. xelnaweris dasawyisSi qufuri warweraa
Seasrules qarTvelma moRvaweebma, upirvelesad ki didma
moxatuli sparsuli xelnawerebis dasaTaurebis analogiiT. mTvaris fazebis,
kulturulma moRvawem, vaxtang VI-m. mis mier Targmnil-
misi amosvlisa da Casvlis gamosaxulebis da diagramis Semdeg warmodgenilia
`gardaTqmuli~ zogierTi Zegli brwyinvale qarTuli
zodiaqos niSanTa daxasiaTeba, romelTac
erTvis daxvewili, mkafio, moqnili
da faqizi konturiT, bewvis kalmiT Sesrulebuli miniatiura. moxatuloba did

msgavsebas iCens sparsul saminiatiuro xelovnebis nimuSebTan. naweria nusxuriT
da mxedruliT, moyavisfro melniT, saTaurebi-singuriT
xelnaweriTaa
Semonaxuli,
romelsac
xSirad
erTvis
samecniero aparati saZieblebi, terminTa ganmartebebi,

specialuri leqsikonebi da sxv., rac am Zeglebs farTo
sazogadoebisaTvis gasagebsa da misawvdoms xdida.
1188-1210 ww.
xelnaweris erTi nawilis gadamweri: esaia
A 65
erovnul fondSi daculia uZvelesi samedicino Sinaarsis mdidari koleqcia, romelic Seicavs qarTul
sazogadoebaSi
saukuneebis
ganmavlobaSi
popularul
samedicino-saxmar wignebs, maT Soris ùsworo karabadinis~, e. TayaiSvilis mier ènciklopediur samedicino
128
129
ziji varskvlavTa katalogi
leqsikonebi. gadawerilia mxedruliT, saTaurebi da abzacis
Zegli warmogvidgens Suasaukuneebis cnobili astronomis
dasawyisebi singuriT
uluRbegis (XV s.) vaxtang VI-is mier Sesrulebul Targmans.

uluRbegis naSromi didi mniSvnelobis faqtia astronomiuli
azrovnebis ganviTarebaSi; igi saukeTesodaa miCneuli tixo de
brahes katalogamde (XVI s.). vaxtangma Txzuleba iranSi yofnisas
Targmna. teqsts erTvis cxrilebi da vaxtangiseuli didi da mcire
130
1735-1737 ww.
qaRaldi (WvirniSniani), 557 f., zoma: 30,521 sm.
S 161
131
varskvlavTa wigni
xelnawerSi daculi Txzuleba
warmoadgens cnobili
astronomis muhamed aSSirazis Sromis `hidaiaiT
al-nujumis~ vaxtang VIis mier sparsulidan
Sesrulebul Targmans.
mnaTobTa astrologiur
gaazrebasTan erTad ZeglSi
warmodgenilia praqtikuli
miTiTebani mnaTobTa
gasarkvevad, aRwerilia maTi
urTierTqmedebiT gamowveuli
movlenebi mzisa da mTvaris
dabneleba, varskvlavTa
gauCinareba da sxv. ydis sacav
furcelze ikiTxeba vaxtang
VI-is avtografi; naweria
mxedruliT, Savi melniT;
saTaurebi da zogierTi
adgili specialur cxrilebSi
singuriT
1735 w.
umaRlesi xarisxis evropuli
qaRaldi (WvirniSniani), 91 f.,
zoma: 1421 sm.
Q 1493
naSromad~ wodebul `wigni saaqimois~, daviT bagrationis
vaxtang VI, `qimiis wigni~
mier Sedgenil ìadigar daudis~ nusxebs. es kompilaciu-
vaxtang VI-is mier Sedgenil ZeglSi asaxulia sparsuli da rusuli wyaroebis
ri naSromebia, romlebic emyareba imdroisaTvis cnobil
kvali; amasTanve masSi warmodgenilia originaluri paragrafebic, romlebsac
qarTul da aRmosavlur samedicino Sromebs (zaqaria ar-
maRal Sefasebas aZleven qarTveli mecnierebi. xelnaweri
razis, avicenas Txzulebebs).

veterinaruli xelnaweri wignebi saqarTveloSi XVII
gadawerilia vaxuSti
bagrationis xeliT; mis miervea Sesrulebuli specialuri, fizikisa da qimiis

xelsawyoTa, naxazebi. gadawerilia mxedruliT, Savi melniT, saTaurebi singuriT
saukunidan gvxvdeba. maT SeqmnaSi, Targmna-gadmokeTebaSi
XVIII s-is 40-iani wlebi
didi wvlili miuZRvis vaxtang VI-s, giorgi XII-is Svilebs
ioane da bagrat batoniSvilebs. cxenis, ZaRlis da
gadamweri: vaxuSti batoniSvili (bagrationi)
frinvelTa karabadinebis Semcveli zogierTi xelnaweri
S 3721
qarTuli kaligrafiisa da, zogadad, wignis kulturis

TvalsaCino nimuSebad SeiZleba CaiTvalos.
132
133
saweri masala
avgarozi
warmoadgens erTi mTliani qaRaldisgan gamoWril, erTmaneTTan dakavSirebul 24
mrgval
naWers, romelTagan pirvel orze feradebiT daxatulia qristes saxe. danarCeni 22 naWeri
uWiravs teqsts, romelic Cawerilia mrgvalad moxazul ferad wreebSi da devs sagangebod
qarTul xelnawer tradiciaze saubrisas wignisa Tu

dokumentis Sinaarsis, formisa da mxatvruli mravalferovnebis paralelurad unda SevCerdeT sawer masala-
moqargul Zvelebur boRCaSi, romlis zomaa 67. gamokruli aqvs abreSumis sarCuli, boxCa
ze. swored igi warmoadgens wignis xangrZlivobis, misi
warmoadgens moqargulobis sayuradRebo nimuSs. xelnaweri Semowirulia cnobili qarTveli
mxatvruli iersaxis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanes safuZv-
meyvavilis mixeil mamulaSvilis mier.
els. rogorc ukve aRiniSna, qarTuli mwignobroba erTdroulad daiwyo rogorc saqarTveloSi, aseve mis farg-
XIX s.
qaRaldi, zoma: 3523 sm.
lebs gareT qristianul aRmosavleTSi. sazRvargareTis
Q 283
qristianuli centrebisaken qarTveli mwignobari berebis

ltolvas, upirveles yovlisa, ganapirobebda erTian
sarwmunoebrivsa da kulturul sivrcesTan Tanaarseboda bolos, unda aRvniSnoT saero xelnawerTa Soris
TavianTi daniSnulebiTa da iersaxiT gamorCeuli e. w.
saxalxo, saojaxo moxmarebis, Tilismis funqciis mqone
mcire wignebi àvgarozebi~, romelTagan zogierTi Seicavda avgarozis epistoles, wminda giorgis locvebs da
saxarebis monakveTebs.
bis survili. swored am survilma aaTvisebinaT maT istoriuli siria-palestinisa da bizantiis kulturuli
gamocdileba da, amasTanave, xeli Seuwyo xelosnobis
erovnuli, tradiciuli, dargebis Semdgom ganviTarebas.
radgan wignis Seqmna warmoebiTi procesia, bunebrivia,
qarTul xelnawer kulturas unda mieRo ukve arsebuli
da aprobirebuli samwignobro gamocdileba. miuxedavad
imisa, rom qarTuli xelnaweri tradiciis dasawyisisTvis (V s.) qristianul aRmosavleTSi gavrcelebuli iyo
saweri masalis ori saxeoba papirusi da etrati, qa-
134
135
rTulma mwignobrobam upiratesoba tyavis masalas, anu
naweria farTod, gaSlilad, furclis dauzogavad, rac
etarats mianiWa. amgvar arCevans, bunebrivia, ekonomi-
kidev erTxel adasturebs, rom saqarTveloSi tyavis
kuri safuZvelic hqonda. saweri masalis papirusis
saweri masalas warmoebam saTanado simaRles miaRwia.
ucxoeTidan Semotana dakavSirebuli unda yofiliyo
sxvagvar viTarebas vxvdebiT sazRvargareTis samo-
finansur danaxarjebTan maSin, rodesac tyavis warmoe-
nastro centrebSi Seqmnil qarTul wignebSi. maTi gad-
ba da damuSaveba saqarTveloSi xelosnobis tradiciul
amwerebi ekonomiurad iyeneben tyavis furcels, xSirad
dargs ganekuTvneboda. amis dasturad Tundac is faqtic
teqstebs iweren CamonaWer gverdebzec ki. amgvar ekono-
kmara, rom aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi, kaxeTSi, saduRa-
mias ganapirobebda is garemoeba, rom ucxoeTSi moRvawe
ras velis arqeologiur masalaSi aRmoCnda jer kidev
qarTveli ber-monazvnebi iZulebul iyvnen SeesyidaT
Sua brinjaos xanis tyavis samkuTxa tvifruli droSebi.
saweri masala an esargeblaT skriptoriumSi arsebuli
Tumca, aqve unda iTqvas, rom tyavis nedleulis sawer ma-
maragiT, romelic gankuTvnili iyo ara mxolod qarTuli
salad gardaqmnis tradicia qarTul kulturas qristian-
xelnaweri wignisaTvis.
uli xmelTaSua zRvis auzis samwignobro sivrcidan unda
qarTvel mwignobar berTa iZulebiT mdgomareobas
SeeTvisebina. swored amaze migvaniSnebs rogorc termini
SeesyidaT an esargeblaT saweri masalis skripto
ètrati~, romelic momdinareobs berZnuli tetradion-idan
riumSi arsebul maragiT unda vumadlodeT Wilze
da Tavdapirveli mniSvnelobiT oTxi furclisagan Sedgenil rveuls aRniSnavs, aseve berZnuli kharte-s analo-
etrati. palimfsesti.
giiT Semotanili furclis aRmniSvneli `qarta~. sxvaTa
qveda fena. V-VII ss.
Soris, qristianobis gavrcelebam da wignieri cxovrebis
H 1329
dasawyisma biZgi misca etratis warmoebas saqarTveloSi. mwerlobis dasawyisaTvis saweri masalis warmoebis
teqnologiuri procesi balnisa da xorciani nawilis
mosacileblad tyavis kirian wyalSi dalboba, basri airaRiT gafxeka, gluvi zedapiris misaRebad tyavis kvlav
kirnarev wyalSi moTavseba, gadaWimva-gaSroba-galesva,
furclis gaTeTrebis mizniT kvlav kiriTa da carciT
misi damuSaveba srulad iyo aTvisebuli, radganac V-VI
saukuneebis qarTuli palimfsestebi gadawerilia kargad
damuSavebul maRali xarisxis etratis farTo furclebze, teqsti naweria gaSlilad, furclis ekonomiis gareSe, rac cxadyofs, rom Zvel saqarTveloSi tyavis saweri
masalis mopoveba gasaWirs ar warmoadgenda. furclis
dakabadonebis, anu teqstis masze ganawilebis, farTe
aSiebis gamoyofis adreuli wesi ar Secvlila arc wignis
repertuaris gafarTovebisa da misi moculobis zrdis
Semdgom. IX-X saukuneebSi saqarTveloSi maRali xarisxis
etratze gadawerili yoveldRiuri daniSnulebis samonastro Tu sagangebo mniSvnelobis xelnaweri wignebi
136
137
etrati. X s.
Wili, anu papirusi. X s.
A 38
H 2123
gadawerili orad ori qarTuli xelnaweris arseboba-
gadamwerma isargebla monastris skriptoriumis maragiT
sac. es aris X saukuneSi palestinaSi Seqmnili wignebi
da iZulebuli gaxda rig SemTxvevaSi gamoeyenebina ukve
mTeli wlis sadResaswaulo sagalobelTa krebuli
erTxel naweri da Semdgom gadarecxili etrati. swored
iadgari da fsalmunis fragmenti. dRes meore maTgani
amitomac Wil-etratis ramdenime furceli palimfses-
daculia
tia, amaTgan zogis pirveli fena qarTulia, zogisa ki
peterburgis
saltikov-SCedrinis
saxelobis
bibloTekaSi, xolo pirveli sabawmidaSi gadawerili
138
berZnuli.
xelnaweri xelnawerTa erovnul centrSi. sainteresoa,
sazogadod unda iTqvas, rom sazRvargareTis skrip-
rom am wignSi sawer masalad gamoyenebulia ara mxolod
toriumebSi qarTveli berebis samwignobro moRvaweobas
papurusi, aramed etratic. swored amitomac es krebuli
xSir SemTxvevaSi finansurad uzrunvelyofdnen qarTveli
Wil-etratis iadgaris saxelwodebiTaa cnobili. am ori
mefe-didebulebi da saqarTvelos eklesia. mwignobrebi
masalis erTdrouli, Sereuli gamoyeneba gvafiqrebinebs,
Semowirulobas iRebdnen zogjer fuladi da zogjer ki
rom ukve X saukuneebisaTvis TviT palestinaSi Wili war-
wignisTvis saWiro masalis saxiT. amgvari Sewirulobebi
moadgenda iSviaT da, SesaZloa, Zvirad Rirebul masalas.
gansakuTrebiT Tavs iCenda e. w. sazeimo wignebis gadawer-
139
xarisxobrivad sxvaobs erTmaneTisgan. rogorc Cans, aq

gadamwyveti mniSvneloba eniWeboda nedleulad gamoyenebuli cxovelis tyavis (Txa, cxvari, xbo) faqturasa
da, raRa Tqma unda, uSualod wignis Seqmnis procesSi
furclis sawerad damuSavebas, rac ukve samonastrosamwignobro centrebSi arsebuli saxelosnoebisa Tu am
xelobas dauflebuli pirebis movaleobas warmoadgenda.
Sesabamisad, mwignobrulma saqmianobam ber-monazvnebs
calkeuli xelobebi aaTvisebina. gadamweri kaligrafebis
gverdiT iyvnen uSualod is pirebi, romlebic daostatebulni iyvnen furclis sawerad gamzadebaSi. am xelobas
anderZ-minawerebSi specialuri Sesityveba `Seqmna
etratisa~ an `kazmva etratisa~ aRniSnavs. XIV saukunis kaligrafi avgaroz bandaisZe gvamcnobs, rom `Seqmna
etratisa~ wignis warmoebasTan dakavSirebuli erT-erTi
xelobaa. igi imdenad mniSvnelovania, rom etratis ostatebsac moixsenieben wignis anderZ-monawerebSi. aTonis mTis qarTuli koleqciis erT-erT minawerSi vkiTxulobT: `Seiwyalen RmerTman Cueni xucesi xristodule
oqromelani. bunebrivi mineralebisgan
ZiriTadi teqsti yavisferi melniT,
damzadebuli melan-saRebavebi. 1054 w.
mniSvnelovani adgilebi singuriT. 1054 w.
A 484
A 484
ebraelyofili, uRirssa Tana sulsa codvilsa, romel

amis wignisa etrati yoveli mas ukazmavs.~
unda aRiniSnos, rom qarTvel ber-monazonTa Soris
iyvnen iseTebic, romlebic ramdenime xelobas flobdnen.
isa da sagangebo dakveTis dros. am SemTxvevaSi gadam-
magaliTad, X saukunis qarTveli mwignobari, sabawmi-
werebi Tavs uflebas aZlevdnen Tavisuflad gamoeyenebi-
dasa da Semdgom sinis mTaze moRvawe iovane-zosime ara
naT maT xelT arsebuli saweri masala, SeerCiaT rogorc
mxolod redaqtori da gadamweri iyo, aramed ydis os-
maRali xarisxis furceli, aseve sxvadasxva Seferilobis,
tatic. sainteresoa isic, rom XI saukuneSi konstanti-
zogjer ki oqroTi damzadebuli melani. magaliTad, 1008
aRdgenis mizniT gakerili

etrati
wels aTonis qarTvelTa monasterSi ivironSi eqvTime

aTonelis mier Targmnili ioane oqropiris `maTes Tavis
Targmanebis~ Semcveli wignis SeqmnisaTvis saWiro masala Sewirulobis saxiT gaiRes amave periodis cnobilma
mwignobrebma giorgim da miqaelma, alaverdis oTxTavis
mooqruli vercxlis erTian Wedur ydaSi Casma finansurad uzrunvelyo XI saukunis baRvaSTa didi feodaluri
saxlis warmomadgenelma ivane liparitis Zem. amgvari
magaliTebis moxmoba Sors wagviyvans.
da mainc, miuxedavad teqnologiuri procesis erTianobisa, sxvadasxva xelnawerSi gamoyenebuli etrati
140
XII s-is. I meoTxedi. S 4999
978-988 ww. S 425
141
nopolTan axlos mdebare xoras monasterSi moRvawe

erT-erT cnobil qarTvel kaligrafs, basili maluSis
Zes, zedwodebad miuRia ètratai~. 1031 wels gadaweril
didi sjulis kanonSi igi ase moixseniebs sakuTar Tavs:
`basili etratai maluSis Zisa~.
etratis sawerad momzadeba gulisxmobda darbilebis
mizniT etratis dafarvas kvercxis cilisagan miRebuli
emulsiiT, Semdgom mis daxazvas saxazaviT, furclis dakabadonebas (`kabadoni~ ewodeboda nawer gverds, xolo or
svetad naweri gverdis naxevars anu erT svets `gverdi~), striqonTa Soris Tanabari intervalebisa da teqstis gverdiTa Tavisufali sivrcis aSiebis simetriul
gamoyofas. unda aRiniSnos, rom etratis xarisxi da misi
ostatis daxelovneba imaSic mJRavndeboda, Tu mkiTxvelisaTvis raoden SeumCvevlad avlebda igi striqonetratis dazianebuli
Ta sisworisaTvis gankuTvnil xazebs. qarTul xelnawer
furclebi. X s.
wignebSi amgvari daxazva mkveTrad Cans siZvelisagan
H 2065
gauferulebul furclebze.
moqnili da rbili saweri masala etrati gamoiye
neboda ara mxolod wignebis, aramed gragnilebisaTvisac.
etrati. gragnili. XIII s.

Ad 933
etratze Sesrulebuli
dazianebuli
miniatiurebi. XII s.
Q 84
142
143
swored aq eniWeboda gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba mis
amowura sakuTari arseboba da igi calkeuli individis
xarisxs, Tanabrad moWrili kefebis gadabmisa da maTi
saqmianobis sferoTi Semoifargla.
dacalkevebis SemTxvevaSi gragnilis mTlianobis aRdge-
X-XI saukunidan etrats TandaTanobiT metoqeobas uw-
nis ostatobas. es saqmianobac, rogorc Cans, gadamweris
evs qaRaldi. am masalaze gadawerili pirveli qarTuli
movaleobas Seadgenda.
xelnaweri wignebi Seqmnilia qristianuli aRmosavleTis
etratma sakmaod didxans gaZlo qarTul tradiciaSi.
centrebSi sinis mTasa (Sin. 34) da Sav mTaze Q (Q 37);
igi wamyvan pozicias inarCunebs XIV saukunemde, magram
aRniSnuli epoqidan es saweri masala TandaTanobiT
Semdgomac, XVII-XVIII saukeneebSi, etratze iwereba kerZo
ikavebs adgils qarTuli xelnaweris Seqmnis saqmeSi. XI-XII
mflobelobisaTvis gankuTvnili wignebi. unda vifiqroT,
saukuneebis mijnaze igi Cndeba ara mxolod sazRvarga-
rom amgvari faqtebi tradiciisadmi erTgulebiTaa nakar-
reTis centrebSi, aramed saqarTveloSi gadaweril xel-
naxevi. am wignebSi gamoyenebuli saweri masalis xarisxi
nawerebSic.
sagrZnoblad ecema. rogorc Cans, etratis warmoebam
am saweri masalis saqarTveloSi Semotanis istoria

kargad asaxavs im savaWro da kulturul-politikur
urTierTobebs, romelTa fonzec viTardeboda qarTuli
samwignobro tradicia. Tavdapirvelad qaRaldi CvenSi
aRmosavleTidan, uSualod arabuli sivrcidan Semovida,
razec metyvelebs misi saxelwodebac. `qaRadi~//`qaRaldi~
arabuli `qaRid//qaRadis~ Sesatyvisi terminebia. cnobebi
saqarTveloSi qaRaldis warmoebis Sesaxeb ar gvaqvs. viciT mxolod, rom igi Semodioda naxevarfabrikatis saxiT.
sawer furclad misi damzadeba anu saxamebliTa da kver-
WvirniSani. evropuli qaRaldi.

1735 w.
Q 1493
cxis cilisagan miRebuli emulsiiT dafarva, sales ficarze moTavseba da gluvi sagniT an cxovelis eSviTa Tu
kbiliT galesva evaleboda wignis SeqmnaSi monawile am
xelobis mcodne pirs. saweri qaRaldis momzadebis procesSi mas Tavdapirveli masalis faqturis mixedviT unda
ganesazRvra gaxamebis xarisxi, melansaRebavis Semadgenloba da Taviseburebebi, weris teqnikac ki. saweri
masalis xarisxi swored mis ostatobaze iyo damokidebuli. xSirad gadamweri qaRalds mza produqciis saxiT
iRebda da zogjer Cioda kidec misi dabali xarisxis
gamo: `glaxa qaRadi aseTsa hqan...aqa ganvlo melanman.~
zogjer gadamweri iZulebuli iyo xelaxla gaeaxamebina
da gaelesa masala: `va, ra WirSi vyevar qaRaldsa. gavaxamo, melans ar moikidebs, Tu ara Sig gavardebis. gebralebode, keTil muSakno, RvTisaTs nu mwyevT.~
arabuli qaRaldi.
1188-1210 ww.
A 65
144
qaRaldis gaxamebagalesvis, kvercxis cilis emulsiisa da saRebavebis damzadebis Sesaxeb arsebulma codnam Tavi moiyara XVIII saukuneSi vaxtang VI-is mier Sedge
145
saweri iaraRebis gamosaxuleba
samelnec. saqarTveloSi XVIII saukunis dasasrulamde
miniatiurebze. 1054 w.
etratsa
A 484
da
qaRaldze
werisaTvis
mxolod
lerwmis
kalmebi gamoiyeneboda.
XVIII saukunidan TandaTanobiT Semovida frTis kalmebi. calke unda gamoiyos liTonis saweri saSualebebic,
romlebsac XVIII saukunemde liTonisave zedapirze werisaTvis iyenebdnen.
rac Seexeba melans, ZiriTadad gvxvdeba Savi, yavisferi, wiTeli, mwvane, iSviaTad lurji saRebavnarevi melani da oqromelani. berZnuli to melan (Savi sawer-saRebavi) gavleniT Semosul termin `melanis~ paralelurad
qarTulSi dadasturebulia `Semgbari~ da wamali~, rac
duRilis Sedegad miRebul sawer siTxes gulisxmobs.
muqi melnis aRsaniSnavi terminia `Savi~, xolo wiTeli
melnisa `wiTeli~ da `singuri~.
melnis gamZleoba da feri damokidebuli iyo mis
nil qimiis wignSi. pirveli stambis damaarsebeli da beWduri sawmianobis moTave mefe am SromaSi Tavs uyris
wignis warmoebasTan dakavSirebul tradiciulsa da mis
Tanamedrove evropul sivrceSi arsebul codnas.
mogvianebiT Semodis sparsuli (XV-XVI ss. mijna,
XVII s. dasawyisi), italiuri (XV s.), e. w. aRmosavluri,
romlis warmomavlobac daudgenelia (XV-XVI ss.), franguli (XVIII s.) da rusuli feradi (XVIII s. dasasrulidan)
qaRaldi, maT Soris WvirniSniani.
oriode sityva unda iTqvas sawer saSualebebsa da
melanze. sawer iaraRs Zvel qarTul tradiciaSi àRsawerelni wignisani~ ewodeboda. marTalia, Tavdapirvelad, V-VI ss-Si, termini `sawereli~ cvilovan tabulebze
werisaTvis saWiro grifelis mniSvnelobiT ixmareboda,
Semadgenel mineralebsa da qimiur naerTebze, misi warmoebisa da sawer furcelze damagrebis teqnologiaze.
melnis Sedgenilobis Sesaxeb cnobilia, rom V-VI ss-is
qarTul palimfsestebSi gamoyenebuli melani rkinas Seicavda. mis dasamzadeblad gamoiyeneboda samelne kaklebi
anu muxis danamatebi, Savi kiparozi da gumiarabiki akaciis zogierTi jiSisagan miRebuli myari, gumfisuri nivTiereba. rac Seexeba singurs, mas orgvari Sedgeniloba
hqonda: bunebrivi mineraluri da xelovnuri gogirdisa da vercxliswylis urTierTzemoqmedebiT SeZenili.
`wiTeli~ da `singuri~ gamoiyeneboda sazedao asoebis,
saTaurebisa da dasawyisebis gamosayofad. xSirad gansxvavebuli Seferilobis Sesaqmnelad singuri gvxvdeba
oqromelnis qveda fenaSi.
magram Semdgom man ganzogadebuli Sinaarsi SeiZina da

melnisa da kalmis Senaxva-dacvisaTvis saWiro mTel
kompleqts gulisxmobda. XVII-XVIII saukuneebis mziTvis
wignebis mixedviT am kompleqtSi Sedioda saweri iara
Ris Tevzis kbilisa an sadafisagan damzadebuli, zog
jer movercxlili sacavi yuTi, lerwmis ramdenime kal-
alaverdis oTxTavis yda.
ami, `yalamTarSi~ (sparsuli `yalamdanidan~) anu kalmis
liTonze kawvris nimuSi.
saTleli basri dana da makratelic ki. masSive Sedioda
XVII s.
A 484
146
147
yda
wignis kulturul-istoriuli Rirebulebis Sefasebisas sagangebo mniSvneloba eniWeba ydas. wignis Semadgeneli yvela komponentidan (saweri masala da melani,
teqstobriv-redaqciuli Taviseburebebi da mxatvrulcalke unda gamoiyos furclovani oqrosagan damza-
dekoratiuli sistema) igi yvelaze nakleb uZlebs drosa
debuli oqromelani, romelic gamoiyeneboda rogorc
da saWiroebs ganaxlebas. uZveles xelnawerebs ar Semor-
weris, aseve moxatva-Semkobis dros. oqros fxvnilis we-
CaT Tavdapirveli ydebi ara mxolod wignebis gadanacv-
bovan nivTierebasTan Serevis Sedegad moRebuli es mel-
lebis, aramed maTi xSiri gamoyenebis gamoc. droTa vi-
ani ZiriTadad gvxvdeba sagangebod gadawerilsa da Sem-
TarebaSi, SesaZloa, erTi egzemplari ramdenjermec ki
kul xelnawerebSi sazedao asoebis, saTaurebis, zogan
aikinZuliyo da Casmuliyo ydaSi. Sesabamisad, swored
minawerebisa da mxatvrul-dekoratiuli elementebisaT-
yda asaxavs wignis mxatvrul-esTetikuri Taviseburebe-
vis. gviandel tradiciaSi oqromelani aRar gamoiyeneba.
bis ganviTarebis vrcel periods calkeuli egzempla-
furclovani oqro. 1054 w.

A 484
ris Seqmnidan dawyebuli misi ganaxlebis bolo etapis

CaTvliT. dRes Cven xelT arsebuli tyavis ydebis didi
umravlesoba XVII-XIX ss-iT TariRdeba.
adreuli ydebis warmoebis teqnologiuri procesebis, mxatvruli Taviseburebebisa Tu ostatebis Sesaxeb
saubari dRes Zalze rTulia. Ggarkveul informacias,
ostatis vinaobasa da mwir istoriul cnobebs gvawvdis
Tavad xelnawerze darTuli anderZ-minawerebi. maT safuZvelze Tamamad SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom wigns qmnidnen
148
149
xelosnur jgufebad dayofili mwignobrebi, romelTa

Sorisac iyvnen ydis ostatebi. es imdenad myari profesia iyo, rom arsebobda ydis xelobasTan dakavSirebuli
specialuri terminebic ki `mosva~, `kazmva~, `Sekvra~.
Tavad procesi ki gulisxmobda rogorc wignis kinZvas,
misi tyavis zedapiris mxatvruli elementebiT Semkobas,
aseve dazianebuli ydis ganaxlebas. M ydis Seqmnisa da
misi xelovnebis Sesaxeb mxolod anderZ-minawerebis safuZvelze agebuli msjeloba marto Teoriuli gansjisa
da varaudis farglebs ar gascdeboda, rom, sabednierod, ar SemogvrCenoda adreuli, IX-X saukuneebis ydebi.
tyavisa da metalis kombinirebuli yda; sqeli, sworad moWrili xis dafebi, romelzec
Ria yavisferi tyagadakruli yda; xis masiuri dafebi moWrilia xelnaweris furclebis pirze.
SeimCneva tyavis sami Ffena: pirveli Sre (IX s.) fragmentuili, amoutvifravia; meore Sre
ydis zedapirze gamosaxulia wresa da kvadratSi Caxatuli stilizebuli tolgverda jvari.
(X s.) SenarCunebulia mxolod zeda frTis centralur nawilSi. Zlier dazianebul tyavze
gamoyenebulia xazovani tvifris teqnika. kidesTan miuyveba erTmagi aSia, romelsac CarCod akravs
amotvifrulia wreSi Caxazuli jvris stilizebuli forma rombiseburi wnuli ornamentiebi
sam-sami xazi. Kkonturebs aformebs mcire zomis dekoratiuli burTulebi. aseve gamoyenebulia
Caxveuli boloebiT, romelic gaformebulia mcire zomis dekoratiuli samsWvalebiT, Semavsebeli
oTxkuTxedi formis D Semavsebeli dekoratiuli tvifri.
tvifrebiT. amotvifrul tyavis zedapirze damagrebulia gravirebuli, saSualo zomis tolferda

jvari (XIV s). vercxlze amokveTili naxatis saxes foTlovan-yvavilivani ornamenti qmnis. mesame,
sqeli tyavis Sre (XVI s.), romelic amJamad moxeulia, SemorCenilia yuis mxares.
Lliturgikuli krebuli. IX-X ss.

Yyda: X s., zoma: 1314,5 sm.
Yydis ostati: iovane-zosime
Sin. Geo. N. 26; xelnawerTa erovnul centrSi daculi fotoasli
adiSis oTxTavi. 897 w.

yda: IX-X, XIV-XVI ss., zoma: 3027 sm.
IX s-is ydias ostati: miqaeli
daculia svaneTis istoriul-eTnografiul muzeumSi
2008 wlis Mmxatvruli asli: m. ebraliZe
bolo dromde cnobili iyo adreuli ydis samiode nimuSi da isic daculi sinis mTis wm. ekaterines monastris
II tvifruli fena
III fena
wignsacavSi. 2008 wels svaneTis istoriul-eTnografiul
metalis jvari
muzeumSi or mniSvnelovan xelnawerze adiSis oTxTavsa

da adiSis iadgarze gamovlinda IX-X s-is ydebis fragmentebi. dRes Tamamad SegviZlia visaubroT IX-X saukunis
pirveli fena
Camomtvreuli
xis dafa
ydis warmoebis teqnologiursa Tu mxatvrul aspeqtebze. A adreuli tipis qarTuli xelnaweris tyavis ydebis
ornamenti aRmosavluri tolferda jvris stilizaciis
safuZvelze igeba. ydebs tvifravdnen svel tyavze Cxvle
tis meTodiT. tyavze farglisa da specialuri wverwamaxilebuli xelsawyos meSveobiT gamosaxavdnen wreSi Caxazul jvrebs, rombisebur wnul ornamentebs Caxveuli
boloebiT, sxvadasxva formis Semavsebel da sabordiure
150
151
tvifrebs, gamoiyeneboda xazovani tvifris teqnika. damRebis mcire raodenobis gamo xSirad mravalsaxovnebisTvis sabordiure tvifrebiT amkobdnen ydis Sida sivrces, an PpiriqiT Semavsebel tvifrebs iyenebdnen aSiebis
a. kaptalis mimagreba rveulebad akinZul wignis blokze

b. masiuri, sworad moTlili xis dafa
g. sworad moTlili xis dafebi, moWrili xelnaweris
furclebis pirze
gasaformleblad.
ydis istoriaSi sagangebo yuradReba eqceva wignis
korpusis Seqmnas, rac gulisxmobs rveulebad dakecili
qarTuli xelnaweri wignis ydis ostatebi dafebis
mimagrebas.
dasamagreblad rveulebis dakecil kideebs V formis
swored am sawarmoo procesSi vlindeba qarTuli wignis
CanaWdevs ukeTebdnen, rac saSualebas iZleoda Semkvreli
ydis ostatebis originaluri Semoqmedeba. Aam teqnikas V
Zafi ar gamokveTiliyo yuaze da ar daezianebina tyavi.
s-Sive eyreba safuZveli, rasac mowmobs V-VIII ss-iT daTa-
Aam teqnikiT akinZuli wignis yua gluvia. `grekaJis~
riRebul palimfsestur furclebze SemorCenili rveu-
saxelwodebiT cnobili es meTodi tipuria bizantiuri
lebrivi aRricxvis kvali.
wris adreuli xelnaweri wignis kinZvisaTvis. ydis xis
naweri
furclebis
kinZvas,
xis
dafebis
dafebs, romlebzedac mogvianebiT gadaikvreba tyavis

zedapiri, dahyveba horizontaluri Rarebi, romlebSic
jdeba
Tokebi.
Rarebi
Seesabameba
`grekaJis~
dones.
mxolod qarTuli xelnawerebisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli

Sekervis kombinirebuli teqnia.
`jaWvuri kerva~, romelic miiReba erTi nemsisi teqnikiT

Ria yavisferi tyagadakruli tvifruli yda; sqeli, sworad moTlili xis dafebi emTxveva
adreuli
qarTuli
xelnaweri
wignis
xis
dafebi
masiuria da CamoWrilia xelnaweris furclebis pirze,

romlebsac
samive
mxares,
kideebmze
mouyveba
Rari.
wigni ikvreba kombinirebuli teqnikiT, rac gulisxmobda
xelnaweris CamonaWers; aqvs tyavis ori Tasma; ydis zedapirs kravs sami xazisagan Semdgari
arSia. Sida sivrcis are uWiravs samkuTxed postamentze Semdgar jvars. rogorc jvari, aseve
postamentic Sesrulebulia xazovani tvifriT. ydis zedapirze Tavisufal adgilebs avsebs
rogorc diagonaluri xazebi, aseve mcire zomis samsWvalis tipis Semavsebeli tvifrebi.
erTdroulad rveulebis jaWvisebur akinZvasa da xis
wyarosTavis oTxTavi. X s.
dafebis mimagrebas.
Yyda 1070 w., zoma: 22,519 sm.

Yydis ostati: iovane
restavrirebuli xelnawerTa erovnul centrSi
A 98
152
153
yavisferi tyavgadakruli tvifruli yda. sqeli,

sworad moTlili xis dafebi; kideebze miuyveba
Rarebi. gvxvdeba meoradi akinZvis kvali.
gamoyenebulia mimagrebis sworxazovani teqnika.
tyavis zedapirze tvifris saxe TiTqmis waSlilia:
aSiaze ikiTxeba dekoratiuli burTulebis kvali,
mcire zomis jvrebi, ovaluri formis Semavsebeli
tvifrebi. yua momrgvalebuli, amoutvifravi.
SemorCenilia Wreli kaptalis mcire fragmenti.
forzacebi dakargulia.
basili didi, Targmaneba fsalmunTa. 1035 w.
yda: XI-XIII ss., zoma: 2013,5 sm.
XI s-is ydis ostati: daviT jibisZe
A 135
muqi yavisferi tyavgadakruli tvifruli yda; xis dafebi odnav gaTxelebulia; ydis zedapirs
mTlianad avsebs saSualo zomis marTkuTxa formis dekoratiuli sabordiure tvifri; yuaze
reliefurad ikveTeba Sekervis sami adgili XVIII s.-is restavraciic kvali. gamoyenebulia
gansxvavebuli ferisa da xarisxis tyavi. SeimCneva yviTeli Zafebisagan gakeTebuli kaptali.
Yydis Sida zedapirze dakrulia zolebiani gaxunebuli qsovili. ydas unda hqonoda sami
Sesakravi, dResdReisobiT dakargulia. xelnaweri ekuTvnoda sulxan-saba orbelians.
sjuliskanoni. 1031 w.
Yyda: XVI s., restavrirebulia XVIII s-Si
zoma: 2116,5 sm.
muqi yavisferi tyavgadakruli yda; gamoyenebulia
A 96
ormagi xis dafebis mimagrebis teqnika. moWedilobis

fragmenti SemorCenilia ydis qveda frTaze; Zlier
dazianebuli xelnaweris zedapirze dakrulia
liTonis burTulebi, samsWalebi. xelnaweri
akinZulia `grekaJis~ teqnikiT. SeimCneva wignis
meoradi akinZvis kvali. SemorCenilia daSlili
kaptalis fragmenti. zeda frTaze SemorCenilia
rogorc vxedavT, xelnawerebze gvxvdeba wignis Sekv

ris adreuli meTodebi, kerZod sworxazovani, romlis
drosac xis dafebze Rarebi CaWrilia vertikalorad.
ormagi xis dafebi mimagrebulia akinZuli wignis blokze am
liTonis masiuri wawvetebuli, solis magvari
dros akinZvis Sedegad datovebuli Tokebi ifareba xis
Sesakravebi; Tasmebi dReisaTvis dakargulia
dafebSi. miuxedavad xelnaweri wignebis xelaxali Sekazmvisa, ydaze mainc gvxvdeba akinZvis adreuli elementebi,
oTxTavi. 1048 w.
yda: XIII-XIV ss., zoma: 21,513,5 sm.
H 1741
rac imiT unda avxsnaT, rom ydis damuSavebis tradicia

teqnika, iaraRebi, dekori ucvleli darCa.
xis dafebze, Sida (ukana) mxares SeiZleba dakruli
iyos abreSumis naWeri, etrati an qaRaldi. forzacs,
garda praqtikuli daniSnulebisa, wminda esTetikuri
mxarec aqvs. igi faravs yvela im defeqts, romelsac
xelnaweris ydaSi Casmisas tovebda mkazmveli. forzacis
154
155
erTi furceli ikinZeboda xelnawerTan erTad, meore ki

ekvroda xis dafebs. forzacad gamoyenebul qsovils,
etrats Tu qaRalds didi mniSvneloba eniWeba wignis
ydis Seswavlisa da daTariRebis saqmeSi. xelnaweri wigni
ikvreboda liTonisTaviani ori an sami tyavis TasmiT,
romlebsac `Rilo-kiloni~ ewodeboda. ydaze Sesakravebis
raodenoba damokidebuli iyo TviT xelnaweris formatze.
iyo wignis iseTi ydebic, romlebsac ar hqondaT `Rilokiloni~ da Tavebgaxvretili tyavis Tasmebi pirdapir
magrdeboda, solis magvar metalis Camosacmelebze.
garkveuli cvlilebebi SeimCneva XVII s. xelnawerTa ydebze: tyavgadakruli xis dafebi, moyvanilobisa
da mxatvruli gaformebis mxriv, XVI s. ydebis msgavsia,
yavisferi tyavgadakruli tvifruli xis yda. xis dafebi emTxveva furclebis CamonaWers, odnav
momrgvalebulia; ydis zedapirs kveTs diagonaluri xazebi, gaformebulia saSualo zomis
mxolod yuaze Cndeba Sekervis reliefuri adgilebi, ar
vardulebiTa da ovaluri formis dekoratiuli Semavsebeli tvifrebiT. aseve gvxvdeba samyuras
gamoiyeneba `grekaJis~ teqnika, SeiZleba yuaze Segvxvdes
tipis foTlovani onamentis Semcveli tvifri. qveda frTa mcired gansxvavdeba zedasagan. yua
`grekaJis~ CaRrmaveba, magram is usaTuod zedapirulia.
morRveulia, Cans `grekaJis~ teqnika da jaWvuri akinZvis kvali. sayuradReboa is faqti, rom
XVII s. Yydebi qarTuli wignis ydis istoriaSi gardamaval
reliefur adgilebze dayolebulia winaswar specialurad momzadebuli TokiviT dagrexili tilos
safexurs warmoadgenen adreul (X-XVI ss.) da gviandel

(XVIII-XIX ss.) ydebs Soris.
naWrebi. mkazmvels xelovnurad Seuvsia `grekaJis~ Sedegad miRebuli CaRrmavebebi. Yyua Zveli
restavrirebulia. kaptali dazianebulia. ydaze Sida mxridan gamokrulia moCiTuli qsovili.
Sesakravebi
dakargulia.
Satberdis krebuli. 973-976 ww.

yda XVI-XVII ss., restavrirebuli XVIII s-Si
zoma: 28,323 sm.
S 1141
tyavgadakruli tvifruli yda; sworad moTlili

xis dafebi; Casmulia oqroTi movarayebul,
inkustrirebul aRmosavlur tyavis tyavSi. aseve
gaformebulia aRmosavlur stiliT rogorc zeda,
ise qveda frTis Sida mxarec. gamoyenebulia nazi
156
muqi Sindisferi tyavgadakruli xis yda; xelnaweris
mcenareuli ornamentis Semcveli marTkuTxedis
furclebis pirze sworad moTlili dafebi odnav
formis mozrdili centraluri tvifri. aSiebad
Txelia; ydis zedapirze arSiad gamoyenebulia
miuyveba ovaluri moyvanilobis sabordiure da
marTkuTxedis formis badiseburi naxatis Semcveli
kuTxis tvifrebi. Sida arSia inkustrirebulia.
sabordiure tvifrebi. centrSi gamosaxulia jvari,
gamoyenebulia sxvadasxva feris tyavi. yda
romelic Sedgeba patara marTkuTxedis moyvanilobis
gakeTebuli unda iyos aRmosavleTis romelime
sabordiure tvifrebisagan. yuaze reliefurad
qveyanaSi. restavrirebulia xelnawerTa erovnul
ikveTeba Sekervis sami adgili.
centrSi.
Qkrebuli. 1669 w.
`vefxistyaosani~. XVI-XVII ss.
yda: XVII s., zoma: 2115 sm.
Yyda: XVII s., zoma: 37,224 sm.
A 179.
H 2074
157
xelnaweri wignis SeqmnaSi saero aristokratiis CarTvis Semdgom iqmneba mdidrulad Semkuli Weduri ydebi.
es procesi saTaves iRebs XI saukunidan. am epoqis Weduri ydis mqone Sav mTaze, kaliposis lavraSi, gadawerili
xelnaweri amJamad inaxeba moskovis sajaro biblioTekis SCukinis koleqciaSi. samwuxarod, ver moaRwia 1054
wels amave samonastro centrSi gadawerilma, baRvaSTa
feodaluri saxlis dafinansebiT moWedili alaverdis
oTxTavis Wedurma ydam, romlis zust aRwerilobasac
vecnobiT Tavad xelnawerze 1059 wels darTuli anderZidan. swored am anderZis safuZvelze XVII saukuneSi xelnaweri wignis ydis restavracia iTava samegrelo-odiSis
mTavarma levan dadianma, romelmac wigni tyavisa da
mooqruli vercxlis kombinirebul ydaSi Caasmevina.
qarTuli Weduri ydis unikaluri nimuSebi Seiqmna
XII saukuneSi.
Cvenamde moaRwia XII-XIII ss-is berTis, tbeTisa da wyarosTavis saxarebebis Wedurma ydebma. sagangebod dakveTili am ydebis avtorebi arian beqa da beSqen
opizrebi. Aam ydebzeQ tradiciulad gvxvdeba jvarcmisa da
vedrebis kompoziciebi. am mxriv sainteresoa XII s. gadawerili gelaTis oTxTavis Weduri yda, romlis qveda
frTaze gamosaxulia aRdgomis siuJeti. gelaTis ydis
Mmooqruli vercxlis moWedili yda; dazianebuli; ydis zeda frTis centrSi

gamosaxulia jvarcma, tradiciulad RvTismSoblis, ioane maxareblisa da angelozebis
fonze; qveda frTaze vedreba RvTismSoblisa da ioane naTlismcelis TanxlebiT.
gvxvdeba ganmartebiTi warwerebi; Wedurobis centraluri nawili garSemovlebulia
wvrili, grexili ornamentis CarCoTi. kuTxeebi gaformebulia foTlovan-yvavilovani
reliefuri ornamentebiT. erT-erTi warwera zeda frTas aSiad akravs, romelSic
ixseniebian: iovane mTavaraZe, giorgi da dekanozi miqael krkaZe; qveda frTis
warwerebSi ixseniebian momgeblebi oqropiri da misi Ze demetre. yda Semkulia
naxevradZvirfasi qvebiT. qristes saydris qvemoT ikiTxeba: `moiWeda eliTa beSqen
opizarisaTa~. yua dakargulia, SemorCenolia tilos qsovili; wigni ikvreboda 4
SesakraviT; SemorCenilia fragmentebis saxiT.
berTis oTxTavi. XII s.
yda: XII s., zoma: Y2417 sm.
Yydis ostati: beSqen opizari
Q 906
158
159
vercxlis mooqruli yda. zeda frTis centrSi gvxvdeba jvarcma RvTismSoblis,
yavisferi tyavis yua gaformebulia mcire zomis vercxlis
ioane maxareblisa da angelozebis fonze; qveda frTaze vedreba RvTismSoblisa
dekoratiuli firfitebiT. maTi umetesi nawili dakargulia.
da naTlismcemlis TanxlebiT. Ggvxvdeba ganmartebiTi warwerebi. Wedurobis
wigni ikvreboda 4 SesakraviT, romlebic SemorCenilia fragmentebis
centraluri nawili garSemovlebulia wvrili, grexiliT; kuTxeebi gaformebulia
saxiT.
foTlovan-yvavilovani reliefuri ornamentebiT; ydis qveda frTaze ikiTxeba
160
warwerebi, romlebSic ixsenieba momgebeli iovane mtbevari. yda Semkulia
wyarosTavis oTxTavi. 1195 w.
naxevradZvirfasi qvebiT; uflis saydris marcxena mxares, vertikalurad, odnav
yda: XII s., zoma: 24,516,6 sm.
momcro asomTavruliTiT: `q[rist]e, S[eiwyal]e oqromW[e]deli beqa opizari~.
Yydis ostati: beqa opizari
Q 907
161
Weduri ydis fragmentebi dakrulia gviani periodis oqrotvifrul ydaze. tyavi Ria yavisferia.
vercxliT moWedili yda; Wedurobis qveS tvifruli tyavi. masiuri xis dafebi. aSiad
xis dafebi iribadaa moTlili, gadmodis da faravs mTliani xelnaweris korpuss. yua
gamoyenebulia yvavilovani ornamentis Semcveli sabordiure marTkuTxedi, ovaluri mcire
oqrotvifrulia, reliefuria Sekervis oTxi adgili. ydis zeda frTaze dakrul moWedilobaze
zomis tvifrebi. zeda frTa gadatexilia, Weduroba dazianebulia. qvedaze gamosaxulia
gamosaxulia jvarcma, tradiciulad RvTismSoblis, ioane maxareblisa da angelozebis fonze;
jvarcma. jvarTan ikiTxeba: èse ars meufe huriaTa~. RvTismSoblisa da wminda ioane maxareblis
qveda frTaze gvxvdeba medalionSi Casmuli qristes gamosaxuleba, mavedrebeli petre da pavle;
gamosaxulebebs axlavs berZnuli warwerebi. zeda registrSi mTavarangelozebis miqaelisa da
kideebsa da Sida sivrces avsebs foTlovan-yvavilovani ornamenti; qveda frTaze moTavsebul
gabrielis gamosaxulebebia. moWedil ydaze aSiad miuyveba mcenareuli ornamenti. ydis zeda
erT-erT warweraSi ixsenieba momgebeli ioavane mtbevari. moWedili yda gakeTebuli unda iyos
da qveda frTaze ikiTxeba asomTavruli warwera. metalis yda aRadgines XVII-XVIII ss.; moWedil
beqa opizaris mier; tyavis fenaze fragmentebi dakrulia XVIII s-is restavraciis Sedegad. yda
ydas aqvs oTxi Sesakravi: ori wina kideze, TiTo gverdiTa kideebze. xelnawers erTvis gviandeli
ganaxlebulia solomon I-is meuRlis, mariam dedoflis, iniciativiT.
restavratoris anderZi.
tbeTis oTxTavi. XII s.
oTxTavi. XII-XIII ss.
yda: XII, XVIII ss., zoma: 2820,5 sm.
yda: XIV, XVII-XVIII ss., zoma: 2417 sm.
Weduri ydis ostati: beqa opizari
A 516
Q 929
162
163
vercxliT moWedili tyavis yda; dazianebuli; ydis zeda frTaze
bajaRlos oqros bude Semkulia Zvirfasi TvlebiT (zurmuxti, safironi
gamosaxulia jvarcma, tradiciulad, RvTismSoblis, ioane maxareblisa
da lali). zeda frTaze gamosaxulia macxovari, qvedaze ki wm. giorgi.
da angelozebis fonze; qveda frTaze gvxvdeba aRdgomis siuJeti; yuaze
zeda frTis kideze miuyveba zurmuxtebisa da rTuli yvavilovan-
gvxvdeba oTxi maxarebeli; ikvreba ori metalis masiuri SesakraviT,
mcenareuli ornamentebisagan Semdgari aSiebis uwyveti mwkrivi, aseve yuasa
romlebzec angelozebia gamosaxuli; aSiad akravs yvavilovani naxatis
da qveda frTis aSiaze gamoyenebulia foTlovan-yvavilovani ornamentebi.
Semcveli ornamenti, romelic gaformebulia Zvirfasi TvlebiT.
wignis wina mxare dafarulia moWedili metaliT; moWedilobis qveS

Cans xeze gadakruli yavisferi tyavi. xis dafebze Signidan gamokrulia
gelaTis oTxTavi. XII s.

yda XVI s., zoma 26,818,5 sm.
Q 908
Sindisferi abreSumis qsovili; aqvs saniSne, Semkuli FfiruziTa da

margalitebiT.
oTxTavi. XVI s.
yda: XVI-XVII ss., zoma: 12,59,5 sm.
A 482
164
165
vercxlis moWedili yda; zeda frTaze gamosaxulia jvarcma,
vercxliT moWedili tyavis yda. furclebis CamonaWeric (samive mxridan)
qveda frTaze RvTismSobeli yrmiT, kuTxeebSi oTxi maxarebeli;
dafarulia vercxlisave firfitebiT da ikvreba kbilanebiT. ydis
ikiTxeba mTavruliT Sesrulebuli warwerebi.
zedapirze gvxvdeba tradiciuli Tema jvarcmis kompozicia. qristes

zemoT asomTavruliT amokveTilia ganmartebiTi warwera: `meufeo, Zeo~.
oTxTavi. 1543 w.
yda: XVII s., zoma: 20,515 sm.
H 2806
qveda frTaze jojoxeTis wartyvevna, foTlovani ornamentebiT. mooqrul

vercxlis ydaze XIX s. 20-ian wlebSi amoukveTavT warwera, romelSic
ixseniebian zurab wereTeli, misi meuRle, dadaianis asuli Tamari da Ze
maTi grigoli, meuRliT, ZiT da asuliT.
oTxTavi. 1687 w.
yda: XVII s., zoma: 15,510,6 sm.
Q 911
166
167
vercxlis moWedili yda; zedaze jvarcma, qarTuli ganmartebiTi warweriT
oqros moWedili yda, Semkulia tixruli
(ì~n m~i~: iesu nazareveli, meufe iudevelTa). RvTismSoblisa da ioane
minanqriT; zeda frTaze aRdgomis
maxareblis TanxlebiT: qvedaze ki jojoxeTis wartyvevna. siuJeti palmis totebis
siuJeti, kuTxeebSi oTxi maxarebli,
fonzea; ydas gaaCnia qarTulad Sesrulebuli ganmartebiTi warwerebi; CarCod
qvedaze ki gvxvdeba medalioni jvarcmis
gamoyenebulia jaWvuri ornamenti. yuaze ki foTlovan-yvavilovani aqcentebi;
gamosaxulebiT, kuTxeebSi oTxi
SemorCenilia metalis erTi Sesakravi. Wedurobis qveS Cans Txeli, tyavgadakruli
winaswarmetyvelis. Mmetalis ydas gaaCnia
xis dafebi, forzacad gamoyenebulia xelnaweris qaRaldi.
ganmartebiTi warwerebi; xelnaweri inaxeba

Zvirfasi mZivebiT naqarg qisaSi.
oTxTavi. XVII-XVIII ss.

yda: XVII-XVIII ss., zoma: 65 sm.
oTxTavi. XVIII s.
H 2266
yda: XVIII s., zoma: 64,5 sm

H 1693
168
169
vercxlis mooqruli luskuma. centrSi

gamosaxulia vedrebis kompozicia,
medalionis zemoT gvxvdeba Ggvirgvini
kuTxeebSi maxarebelTa reliefuri
gamosaxulebebiT. qvemoT ki jvarcma, aseve
maxarebelTa gamosaxulebebiT, romelTac
aqvT rusuli ganmartebiTi warwerebi:
petre, pavle, iakobi, andria; wina kideze
amokveTilia warwera, daTariRebuli 1776
weliT. Lluskuma ikvreba vercxlis ori
SesakraviT. tipuri rusuli yda. xelnaweri
solomon I-is kuTvnileba iyo.
vercxliT moWedili, TvlebiT Semkuli
oTxTavi. XVII-XVIII ss.
farCagadakruli yda. zeda frTa
yda: 1776 w. zoma: 8,513 sm.
gaformebulia zurmuxtisa da lalis
Q 901
TvlebiT, romlebic ydis zedapirze

ganulagebiaT baRCebad, qveda frTaze
gvxvdeba jvarcma, RvTismSoblisa da
menelsacxeble dedis gamosaxulebiT;
yua gaformebulia metalze amokveTili
vardulebiTa da foTlovani aqcentebiT;
aqvs Ria feris Zafebisagan dawnuli
kaptalebi, dafarulia metaliT. Signidan
ydaze dakrulia cisferi qsovili;
furclebis CamonaWeri oqrotvifrulia.
xelnaweris momgebelia domenti
vercxlis mooqruli yda. zeda frTaze
kaTalikosi.
centrSi aRdgomis siuJeti, kuTxeebSi
oTxTavi. 1714 w.
yda: XVIII s., zoma: 6,54,5 sm.
A 1097
maxarebelTa gamosaxulebebi. ydaze

gamoyenebulia ferweruli minanqris
teqnika. qveda frTaze gvxvdeba jvarcmis
kompozicia sevadiT Sesrulebuli;
vercxlis budes aqvs Sesakravi wminda
petresa da pavles gamosaxulebebiT; yuaze
gvxvdeba bibliuri simboloebi. kaptals
faravs angelozebis gamosaxulebebi;
kideebis CamonaWeri oqrotvifrulia;
metalis yda gakeTebulia ruseTSi.
oTxTavi. 1792 w.
yda: XIX s., zoma: 96 sm.
H 1689
170
171
mooqruli vercxlis moWedili

yda; ydis zeda frTaze gvxvdeba
jojoxeTis wartyvevna, qveda frTaze
ki jvarcma. moWedil budes axlavs
tvifruli tyavis fragmenti (tvifris
saxe TiTqmis waSlilia), Zlier
dazianebuli. tyavi muqi yavisferia.
yuaze SemorCenilia akinZvis Sedegad
datovebuli Sekervis kvali. aseve
SemorCenilia oqromkednarevi farCis
fragmenti. furclebis CamonaWeri
samive mxridan dafarulia mooqruli
metaliT, romelzec gamosaxulia
foTlovan-yvavilovani ornamenti.
oTxTavis moWediloba. XIX s.
yda: XIX s., zoma: 8,55,5 sm.
Q 926
firuzebiT Semkuli, mooqruli vercxlis yda; Weduri ydis orive mxare Semkulia
zedapirze warmodgenilia aRdgomis gansxvavebuli inter-
ornamentebiTa da figuruli gamosaxulebebiT. gamoirCeva zeda frTis centralur
pretacia, romelzec asaxulia ara jojoxeTidan gamosv-
nawilSi warmodgenili sxvadasxva formisa da zomis firuzebisagan Sedgenili
la, aramed, konkretulad, macxovris saflavidan aRdgo-
jvari; ydis zeda da qveda mxares miuyveba foTlovan-yvavilovani ornamentisagan
ma (ydas XVI s. aTariReben). warmodgenili siuJeti gviani
Semdgari aSia; Sida sivrcis oTxive kuTxeSi ki medalionebSi Casmuli angelozebis
xanis xelnawerTa Weduri ydebisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli.
gamosaxulebebia. isini jvris formisgan gamoyofilia samsWvalebiT damagrebuli

patara firuzis Tvlebis talRovani rigiT. zurgis mxares saSualo zomis qristes
mooqruli gamosaxulebaa. mis zemoT damagrebulia firuzis xuTi Tvlisagan
Sedgenili jvari. furclebis CamonaWerzec aqa-iq SeimCneva oqrovarayi; qveda
rac Seexeba tyavis zedapiris Weduri elementebiT

Semkobas, amgvari tradicia Tavs iCens XIV saukunidan:
oTxTavi A-499, jruWi pirveli H-1660; gansakuTrebuli
frTaze ikiTxeba mxedruliT amokveTili warwera, daTariRebuli 1873 wliT.
sixSiriT igi Cndeba XVI-XVII ss-Si, rodesac feodaluri
xelnaweri ekuTvnoda dadianebis ojaxs. Yyda ganicdis evropul gavlenas.
saxlebis warmomadgenlebi aqtiurad erTvebian sagangebod moxatuli Zveli xelnaweri wignebis dacva-restavra-
pirvelnabeWdi saxareba. 1709 w.

yda: 1873 w., zoma: 27,520 sm.
RAR 57 (Zv.#Q Q 912)
172
ciis saqmeSi; sxvaTa Soris, swored am xelaxla moWedil

ydebs, rig SemTxvevaSi, amkobdnen Zveli elementebiTac.
173
tyavisa da metalis kombinirebuli yda; wina kideze aqvs muqi
metalisa da tyavis kombinirebuli tvifruli yda. ydis zeda frTaze gamosaxulia
yavisferi tvifrebiT gaformebuli sarqveli, Wreli kaptali. yuaze
postamentze aRmarTuli jvari. ganirCeva wnuli ornamentiT Sesrulebuli
amotvifrulia xazebi. aqvs `grekaJis~ teqnika, SeimCneva Sekervis
sabordiure da oTxkuTxedi Semavsebeli tvifri. qveda frTaze Sida sivrces
reliefuri adgilebi. ikvreba ori wiTeli kustarulad gakeTebuli
avsebs ramdenime saxis sabordiure tvifri. zeda frTaze, ydis ganaxlebis mizniT
TasmiT, Tanadrouli dakargulia.
daukravT vercxlis samsWvalebiT Sedgenili jvari, gamouyenebiaT naxevradZvirfasi

Zowis Tvlebi (SemorCenilia mxolod erTi qva). aseve dakrulia ori saSualo zomis

yda: XIV-XV ss., zoma: 2015 sm.
A 499
jvari, metalis detalebi. yua amotvifrulia, kaptali gacveTili. xis dafebze

(Sida mxares) dakrulia vardisfri qsovili.
jruWis I oTxTavi. 936 w.
yda: XVI s. (ganaxlebulia XVII s-Si), zoma: 25,520 sm.
H 1660
174
175
yavisferi tyavgadakruli tvifruli yda (xis dafebi Txelia, romlebic
tyavisa da metalis kombinirebuli yda. zeda frTaze qristes ferweruli
CamoWrilia xelnaweris furclis pirze); wina kide dafarulia amotvifruli
gamosaxuleba Casmulia vercxlis Wedur, Zvirfasi TvlebiT Semkul CarCoSi.
tyavis sarqveliT; ydis zedapirze gamoyenebulia wnuli naxatis Semcveli
zeda frTaze Casmulia wm. Ggiorgis XI-XII ss-is tixruli minanqriT Sesrulebuli
oTkuTxedi Semavsebeli tvifri, aseve yvavilovan naxats qmnis dekoratiuli
gamosaxuleba. ydis zeda mxareze amokveTilia asomTavruli warwera saxarebidan; qveda
burTulebisa da ovaluri moyvanilobis tvifrebis kombinacia; yua
frTaze Ggamosaxulia RvTismSobeli yrmiT. ferweruli gamosaxuleba TiTqmis waSlilia
amotvifrulia, gluvi; forzacad gamoyenebulia TeTri qaRaldi; tyavis
(aqa-iq SemorCenilia oqrovarayi); ydas aqvs sarqveli; yvela niSnis mixedviT TariRdeba
amotvifrul ydaze mogvianebiT daukravT (XVII s.) metalis xatebi, jvrebi,
XVII s-iT, mihyveba levan dadianis saxelosnoSi Sesrulebuli xatebis xelweras.
firfitebi, hkidia mcire zomis zanzalakebi da xelis mtevnis moyvanilobis

firfitebi.
oTxTavi (alaverdis). 1054 w.
oTxTavi. XVI s.
A 484
yda: XVII s., zoma: 24,518,5 sm.
yda: XVI s. (ganaxlebulia XVII s-Si), zoma: 20,515 sm.

A 502
176
177
swored aseT SemTxvevasTan gvaqvs saqme XVII s-Si moWedil

alaverdis oTxTavis ydaze, romelic unda Seqmniliyo samegrelos mTavar levan dadianis uzrunvelyofiT missave saxelosnoSi. ydis erT-erT samkaulad gamoyenebulia
XI s-is minanqruli gamosaxuleba.
XVIII-XIX ss. 30-ian wlebSi gadawerili xelnaweri wignebis ydebi ganviTarebis mxriv sruliad gansxvavdebian
adreuli (X-XVI ss.) da gardamavali (XVII s.) periodis ydebisagan.
XVIII s-Si wignis ydis garegnuli mxare mTlianad
icvleba. xis dafebis daTxelebam da kideebis iribad
moTlam Yyda ufro natifi gaxada. Yam droisaTvis yua
ufro reliefuri xdeba da, erTgvarad, samkaulis daniS
nulebasac iZens wignis sxva elementebTan erTad (kaptali,
forzaci, saniSne, tvifrebi). aris SemTxvevebi rodesac
tvifrze ikiTxeba mkazmvelis saxeli. asoebi, Tavis mxriv,
ornamentis daniSnulebasac asruleben. Mmedalionze ga
mosaxuli ornamentebisa da qarTuli asoebis Serwyma
metyvelebs imaze, rom tvifri damzadebulia saqarT
veloSi da misi avtori qarTveli gravioria. cnobilia
CaCikaSvilebis ovaluri medalioni. Aam periodis qar
Tuli xelnaweri da ZvelnabeWdi wignebisTvisac, damaxa
siaTebelia ydis zedapiris sada gaformeba. rogorc wesi,
qarTuli wignis ydis gaformebisas yuradReba eqceva
ydis centralur ares, kuTxeebs, kideebs, xolo ydis
Sida sivrcis didi nawili (tyavi) ki rCeba Tavisufali,
romelzec
aqa-iq
SeiZleba
Segvxvdes
`Semavsebeli~
tvifrebis sada, zogjer `kombinirebuli~ saxec ki, magram
Ria yavisferi tyavgadakruli tvifruli xis yda (xis dafebi iribadaa moTlili); zeda
mkzmveli, yvela SemTxvevaSi, cdilobs ar gadatvirTos
frTa msgavsia qvedasi. gamoyenebulia dekoratiuli rkali, foTlovan-yvavilovani
tyavis ydis zedapiri. aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac ydaze
da waisruli formis mcenareuli ornamentisagan Semdgari centraluri tvifri; aqvs
gamoyenebulia ori an sami tvifris kombinacia, magram
ori metalis Sesakravi; furclebis kideebis CamonaWeri SeRebilia wiTlad. yuaze
mkazmveli axerxebs ise ganalagos tvifrebi ydis zeda

pirze, rom mnaxvels uCndeba mravalsaxovnebis gancda. es
gamoyenebulia cisferi qaRaldi. aqvs dawnuli kaptali.
cvlilebebi qarTul wignebis ydebze moitana drom, rac
Jamni. 1738 w.
gamowveulia qarTul kulturaze evropuli xelovnebis
yda: XVIII s., zoma: 1611 sm.
gavleniT.
178
reliefuria Sekervis adgilebi, amotvifrulia yvavilovani aqcentebi. forzacad
H 15
179
Savi feris tyavgadakruli tvifruli yda; iribad moTlili xis dafebi
Savi feris oqrotvifruli xis yda (xis dafebi iribadaa moTlili); ydis
dafarulia tyaviT: miuyveba ormagi aSia (mcenareuli da dekoratiuli
zedapirs aSiad miuyveba calmagi dekoratiuli naxevarrkali; centrSi macxovris
rkalis Semcveli), zedaze frTis centrSi gvxvdeba jvarcma, qvedaze ki
gamosaxulebaa, kuTxeebSi oTxi maxarebeli; Tavisufal adgils avsebs folovan-
RvTismSobeli yrmiT. kuTxeebSi gamosaxuli arian maxareblebi.
yvavilovani da varduli tipis tvifrebi. furclebis CamonaWeri mooqrovilia.
yuaze reliefuria Sekervis adgilebi, gaformebuli foTlovani aqcentebiTa da
wigni ikvreboda ori metalisTaviani SesakraviT; xelnawerze darTul anderZidan
ovaluri damRiT, ikiTxeba SHI; gaaCnia Wreli Zafebisagan dawnuli kaptali;
vigebT, rom wigni XVIII s-mde orgzis CausvamT YydaSi.
forzacad gamoyenebulia TeTri WvirniSniani qaRaldi; xelnaweris momgebelia

giorgi batoniSvili.
ioane oqropiri, ioanes saxarebis Targmaneba. 1768 w.
Q 883
yda: XVIII s-is 60-iani ww., zoma: 25,418,8 sm.
yda: XVIII s., zoma: 32,522,3 sm.

H 3
180
181
muqi yavisferi oqrotvifruli yda (xis

dafebi Txelia, iribadaa moTlili); ydis
zedapirze gamoyenebulia foTlovanyvavilovani ornamentebi; qveda frTis
centrSi amotvifrulia varduli tipis
medalioni, romelzec mxedruliT ikiTxeba:
`zosime~; yuaze reliefuria Sekervis
4 adgili, amotvifruli; Zafebisagan
dawnul kaptalebs faravs yuidan
gadmosuli tyavi.
oTxTavi. XVII s. Y
yda: XVIII s., zoma: 128,5 sm.
H 2127
yavisferi tyavgadakruli muyaos
TeTri feris tyavgadakruli oqrotvifruli yda (xis dafebi iribadaa
oqrotvifruli yda; karg mdgomareobaSi;
moTlili); aSiad miuyveba maqmanis magvari nazi ornamenti. zeda frTis
zeda frTaze amotvifrulia ovalur
centrSi gvxvdeba jvarcmis siuJeti, qvedaze ki RvTismSobeli ymiT; Yyuaze
medalionSi Casmuli jvarcma, qvedaze
reliefuria Sekervis adgilebi, romelTa Soris amotvifrulia mcire zomis
ki ovalur medalionSi gamosaxulia
mcenareuli ornamentis Semcveli rombisa da kuTxis tvifrebi Y(ikiTxeba
ori adamianis figura mdgomare pozaSi,
ganmartebiTi warwera laTinuri asoebiT); aqvs zolebiani qsovilis kaptali,
erT-erTi maTgani nimbosania. kuTxeebSi
forzacebad gamoyenebulia XIX s-is marmarilos qaRaldi; wigni ikvreba ori
amotvifrulia qerubimebi. kaptali ar
metalisTaviani tyavis TasmiT; Kkideebis CamonaWeri oqrotvifrulia.
aqvs. furclebis CamonaWeri daWrelebulia;

mcire zomis wigni Cadebulia farCisgan
oTxTavi. 1719 w.
damzadebul budeSi; yda ganicdis evropul
yda: XIX s-is II nax., zoma: 14,510 sm.
gavlenas.
Q 85
daujdomeli. 1747 w.
yda: XIX s., zoma: 53,5 sm.
Q 369
182
183
Ria feris oqrotvifruli xis yda.

zeda frTaze amotvifrulia jvari,
qvedaze barZimi. yuaze gvxvdeba
laTinuri asoebiT amitvifruli
ganmartebiTi warwera.
sagalobelTa krebuli.
Wil-etrati. IX s.
H 2123
wiTeli feris tyavgadakruli

oqrotvifruli muyaos yda; ydis
zedapirs kideze miuyveba ormagi
aSia: I. Mcenareuli ornamentis uwyvet
mwkrivs warmoadgens, II. Mmaqmanis
msgavss. kuTxeebSi gamoyenebulia
dekoratiuli Semavsebeli tvifrebi,
centrSi amotvifrulia gansxivebuli
jvari, Tavze gvirgviniT, romelsac
akravs mcire zomis dekoratiuli
burTulebi. qveda frTaze aSiebi
igivea, centrSi gamosaxulia gvirgvini;
yua amotvifrulia; kaptali ar gaaCnia;
forzacad gamoyenebulia XIX s.
xelnaweri Casmulia muqmwvane feris oqrotvifrul muyaos ydaSi; aSiad

miuyveba dekoratiuli jaWviseburi ornamenti, kuTxeebSi TiTo yvavilovanmcenareuli aqcentia, yua amotvifruli; yuaze Cadgmulia wiTeli tyavi,
romelzec ikiTxeba rusuli ganmartebiTi warwera; aqvs Rrmad Camjdari
kaptali; forzacad gamoyenebulia XIX s-is Wreli qaRaldi, furclebis
CamonaWeri oqrotvifrulia; xelnaweri restavrirebulia XIX s-Si; tipuri
eEvropuli yda.
cisferi sqeli qaRaldi; furclebis
wigni devs tyavgadakrul tvifrul muyaos budeSi; aSiad miuyveba maqmanis
kideebis CamonaWeri oqrotvifrulia.
msgavsi ornamenti; sadResaswaulo. XVIII s.
tipuriE evropuli yda.

A 1491
meqorwineTa yuradReba. XVIII s.

yda: XIX s., zoma: 16,510,7 sm.
Q 1484
184
185
zogadi bibliografia
1. abulaZe i. weris xelovnebasTan dakavSirebuli ramdenime Zveli qarTuli termini: Tsu Sromebi,
XXXIX, Tb., 1950
2. abulaZe i. qarTuli weris nimuSebi (paleografiuli albomi), Tb., 1973
3. abulaZe T. vaxtang VI-is mTargmnelobiTi moRvaweoba, mecniereba, Tb., 1990.
4. araqeliani b. kinZvis xelovneba Suasaukuneebis somxeTSi: matenadaranis moambe, 4, erevani 1958
(somxur enaze)
5. axali aRmoCenebi sinis mTaze. qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba. Seadgines: z. aleqsiZem, m. SaniZem,
l. xevsurianma da m. qavTariam. aTeni, 2005 (berZnul-qarTul-inglisuri katalogi).
6. axalcixis muzeumis xelnawerTa aRweriloba. el. metrevelis redaqciiT, Tb. 1987
7. berZnuli samarTali vaxtang VI samarTlis wignTa krebulidan. teqstebi gamosca, gamokvleva,
leqsikoni da terminTa saZiebeli daurTo T. bregaZem, Tb., 1964
8. gamyreliZe al. uZvelesi qarTuli warwerebis aRmoCena palestinaSi: `literaturuli gazeTi~, N
24, 15. XI. 1956
9. gamyreliZe T. weris anbanuri sistema da Zveli qarTuli damwerloba. anbanuri weris tipologia
da warmomavloba, Tb., 1989
10. gvaxaria al. ìosebzilixanianis~ qarTuli versiebis sparsuli wyaroebi, Tb., 1958
11. goris saxelmwifo istoriul-eTnografiuli muzeumis qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba. m. qavTarias redaqciiT, Tb., 2002
12. grigol nazianzelis TxzulebaTa Semcvel qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba. xelnawerebi aRwera,
Sesavali da saZieblebi daurTo T. bregaZem, Tb., 1988
13. daviT da ioane bagrationebis leqsikografiuli naSromebi. teqsti gamosacemad moamzada, gamokvleva da saZieblebi daurTo l. quTaTelaZem, Tb., 1967
14. danelia k., sarjvelaZe z. qarTuli paleografia, Tb., 1997
15. didi sjuliskanoni. gamosacemad moamzades e. gabiZaSvilma, e. giunaSvilma, m. dolaqiZem da g. ninuam, Tb., 1975
16. didni kurTxevani. gamosacemad moamzada, gamokvleva da sqolioebi daurTo ediSer WeliZem, Tb.,
2002
17. doliZe i. qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, Tb., 1963-1965
18. karanaZe m. qarTuli wignis ydis istoria, Tb., 2002
19. kekeliZe k. Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoria, I-II, Tb., 1980
20. kobiZe d. Sah-names qarTuli versiebis sparsuli wyaroebi, Tb., 1952
21. mamacaSvili m. gorganis `vis o ramin~ da qarTuli `visramiani~, Tb., 1977
22. mari n. ierusalimis berZnuli sapatriarqos wignsacavis qarTuli xelnawerebis mokle aRweriloba.
dasabeWdad moamzada el. metrevelma, Tb., 1955
23. maWavariani e. asomTavruli damwerlobis mxatvruli Taviseburebani qarTuli xelnawerebis mixedviT (V-XII ss.): mravalTavi, II, Tb., 1973
186
24. maWavariani e. mxedruli damwerlobis adreuli nimuSebi: mravalTavi, III, Tb., 1973
25. maWavariani e. qarTuli anbanis grafikuli safuZvlebi, Tb., 1982
26. maWavariani e. qarTuli xelnawerebi, Tb., 1970
27. paleografiuli Ziebani. krebuli, N1-2, Tb., 1965-1969
28. patariZe r. qaRaldis damuSavebis sakiTxisaTvis feodalur saqarTveloSi: paleografiuli Ziebani,
1, 1965
29. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo muzeumis qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba. yofili saeklesio muzeumis
xelnawerebi (A koleqcia), Tb.: t. 1 (1), el. metrevelis redaqciiT 1973; t. 1 (2) el. metrevelis
redaqciiT 1976; t. 1 (3), el. metrevelis redaqciiT 1980; t. 1 (4) el. metrevelis radaqciiT
1985; t. 2 (1), el metrevelis redaqciiT 1986; t. 2 (2) m. qavTarias redaqciiT 2003, t. 4, k.
kekeliZis redaqciiT 1954; t. 5 k. kekeliZis redaqciiT 1955
30. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo muzeumis qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba. saqarTvelos saistorio-saeTnografio sazogadoebis yofili muzeumis (H) koleqcia. Tb., t. 1, il. abulaZis xelmZRvenelobiTa
da redaqciiT 1947; t. 2, il. abulaZis redaqciiT 1946; t. 3, k. kekeliZis redaqciiT 1948; t.
4, k. kekeliZis redaqciiT 1950, t. 5, a. baramiZis redaqciiT 1949; t. 6, a. baramiZis redaqciiT
1953
31. fsalmunni. axali Sesworebuli gamocema moamzada ediSer WeliZem, Tb., 2002
32. fsalmunis Zveli qarTuli redaqciebi, X-XIII ss. xelnawerebis mixedviT, gamosca mz. SAaniZem, Tb.,
1960
33. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo muzeumis qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba. muzeumis axali (Q) koleqcia.
il. abulaZis redaqciiT, Tb., t. 1 1957; t. 2 1958; t. 3, m. qavTarias redaqciiT ibeWdeba
34. saqarTvelos ssr mecn. akademia, QquTaisis saxelmwifo istoriul-eTnografiuli muzeumi, xelnawerTa aRweriloba. Tb., I, k. kekeliZis redaqciiT 1960; II m. nikoleiSvilis redaqciiT, 1964
35. surgulaZe m. Zveli qarTuli paleografiuli terminebi, Tb., 1978
36. qavTaria m. daviT garejis literaturuli skola, Tb., 1965
37. qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba. aTonuri koleqcia, el. metrevelis redaqciiT, I, Tb., 1986
38. qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba. yofili qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadobis (S) koleqciisa. el. metrevelis redaqciiT, Tb.: t. 1 1959; t. 2 1961; t. 3 1963; t. 4 1965,
t. 5 1967; t. 6 1966; t. 7 1973
39. qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba. sinuri koleqcia. el. metrevelis redaqciiT Tb., nakv. 1 1978;
nakv. 2 1979; nakv. 3 1987
40. qajaia l. gankveTilobis niSnebi Zvel qarTul xelnawerebSi: paleografiuli Ziebani, 1, 1965
41. qajaia l. adiSis oTxTavis redaqciis axlad gamovlenili xanmeti fragmenti: gelaTis mecnierebaTa
akademiis Jurnali, 8, 2003, gv. 8-18
42. qajaia l. wm. qristinas wamebis xanmeti redaqcia: gelaTis mecnierebaTa akademiis Jurnali, 3, 2006,
gv. 40
43. SaniZe a., qarTuli xelnawerebi gracSi. tfilisis universitetis moambe, IX, 1929
44. SaniZe a. recenzia g. wereTlis naSromze àrmazis bilingva~: `mnaTobi~, N 9, Tb., 1949
45. SaniZe a. uZvelesi qarTuli teqstebis aRmoCenis gamo: qarTuli enis struqturisa da istoriis
sakiTxebi, I, 1957, gv. 235-296
46. SaniZe a. xanmeti mravalTavi: Tbilisis universitetis moambe, VII, 1927, gv. 98-159
47. SaniZe a. haemeti teqstebi da maTi mniSvneloba: Tbilisis universitetis moambe, III, 1923, gv. 354-388
48. SaraSiZe qr. qarTuli anbani mecxramete saukunemde: qarTuli wignis bibliografia, Tb., 1941
49. Cagunava r. vaxtang bagrationis sabunebismetyvelo samecniero moRvaweoba (sabunebismetyvelo
dargebi da teqnika), Tb., 1990
50. wereTeli g. armazis bilingva: enimkis moambe, XIII, Tb., 1942.
51. wereTeli g. uZvelesi qarTuli warwerebi palestinidan, Tb., 1960
52. wereTeli k. saqarTveloSi aRmoCenili arameuli warwerebi da maTi istoriul-kulturuli mniSvneloba: semitologiuri da qarTvelolgiuri Studiebi, Tb., 2001
53. WumburiZe z. qarTul xelnawerTa kvaldakval, Tb., 2000
54. xuskivaZe i. qarTuli saero literatura, XVI-XVIII saukuneebi, Tb., 1976
55. javaxiSvili iv. sinis mTis qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba, Tb., 1947
187
56. javaxiSvili iv. qarTuli damwerlobaTncodneoba anu paleografia: Txzulebani Tormet tomad, t.
IX, Tb., 1996
57. janaSvili m. ra dros da saidan SemoiRes qarTuli anbani: ìveria~, 127-128, 1887
58. Birjall J. N. Khanmati Fragments of the Senoptoc Gospels from Ms. Vind Georg. 2: Oriens Christianus, B 55, 1977
59. Birjall J. N. Palimsest Fragment of a Khanmeti Georgian Vertion of I Esdras: Le Museon, LXXXV, 1-2, 1972
60. Blake R. P. Khanmeti Palimpsest Fragmenter of old Georgian Version of Jeremiah: The Harvard Theolobical Revieu, XXV,
N 3, July, 1932
61. Boeder W. Zur Analyse des altgeorgischen Alphabets: Zeitsehrift fur Russischunterstehung: Hamburg, 1975
62. Catalogue des maniscrits gorgiens de la Bibliotheque patriarchale greque Jerusalem, par R. P. Blake, Rvue de lOrien
chrtien, t. III(XXIII) 1922-23, n.3-4; t. IV(XXIV), 1924, n. 1-4; t. V (XXV), 1925-26 n. 1-2
63. Catalogue des maniscrits gorgiens de la Bibliotheque de la laure dIviron au Mont Athos, par Blake R. P., Rvue de lOrien
chrtien, t. XVIII(XXVIII), 1931-32, n. 3-4; t. IX (XXIX),1933-34, n. 1-2; t. IX(XXIX), 1933-34, n. 3-4
64. Esbroek M. van, Les plus ansiens Homeliaires georgiens, Louvain la-Neuve, 1975
65. Garitte G. Catalogue des manuscrits gorgiens Litteraire du Mont Sina, Louvain, 1956
66. Garitte G. Un index gorgien des lectures evangelique selon lancien rite de Jrisalem: Le Muson, t, LXXXV, fasc. 3-4,
Louvain, 1072
67. Guignard J. Reliure, Encyclopaedia universalis, vol. 14, Paris, 1975
68. Monumanta Iberica antiquiora, Textus chanmeti et haemeti ex inscriptionibus, s. Biblics et Patribus, Collegit et in linguam
latinam convertit addito Glosario Joseph Molitor, Louvain, 1956
69. Regemorter B. van, La reliure des manuscrits Grecs, Scriptorium, vol. 8, 1954
70. Regemorter B. van, La reliure Byzantine, Revue Belge d,Archologie et dHistoire de lArt, vol. 36 (1967), Bruxelles, 1969
71. Salia K. Note sur lorigine et lage lalphabet gorgien: Bedi Kartlisa, 15-16, (N43-44), Paris, 1963
72. The Old Georgian Palimlsest Codex Vindobonensis georgicus 2, v. 1, ed. by Jost Gippert, in co-operation Zurab Sarjveladze
and Lamara Kadjaia: Monumanta Paleografica Mediiaevi, s. Iberici-Caucasica, Brepols, 2007
73. . : , , 5-6, 1988
74. . , .1, ,1908
75. . , , 190
76. . , IV
. . 1983.
77. . -e XIV-XV ., , 1985
78. .. , -., 194
79. . . . . . . 2002
80. . XII.
, . . 2004.
81. . (I- 19021904, II-1906-1912)
82. . (I 1886, II 1889, III 1894)
83. . . , - -,
, 1941
84. . : , 2, ,
1948, 3, , 1948
85. . : , .,
1888
86. . : , .,
1888
87. . - ezosmoZRuari :
saq. mecn. akad. gany. moambe, N1, 1960.
88. . ., . , XXI, , 1991.
89. . IX-XI ., , 1976
188
Sinaarsi
winasityvaoba..........................................................................................5
qarTul xelnawerTa Seqmnisa da gadanacvlebis
ruka (V-XVII ss.)......................................................................................6
qarTuli werilobiTi kulturis saTaveebi.
damwerlobis warmoSoba (nestan CxikvaZe)............................7
sasuliero xelnawerebi
(nestan CxikvaZe, lela SaTiriSvili)...........................................13
saero xelnawerebi (Tamar abulaZe).......................................91
saweri masala (nestan CxikvaZe)...............................................134
yda (maia karanaZe)...........................................................................148
ZiriTadi bibliografia.................................................................186
garekanis pirvel gverdze:

mamuka TavaqaraSvili. `vefxistyaosani~. 1646 w.

0193 Tbilisi, merab aleqsiZis q. 1# /3. tel.: 995 (22) 36 41 85
www.manuscript.ge
info@manuscript.ac.ge
1/3 M. Alexidze str., Tbilisi 0193, Georgia. Tel.: 995 (22) 36 41 85

NATIONAL CENTRE OF MANUSCRIPTS

Kartuli Khelnaweri Albomi

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Kartuli Khelnaweri Albomi

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

qarTuli xelnaweri wigni

xelnawerTa erovnuli centri

Tbilisi 2010 TBILISI

Prepared by Maia Karanadze, Lela Shatirishvili, Nestan Chkhikvadze

Seadgines maia karanaZem, lela SaTiriSvilma, nestan CxikvaZem,

with participation Tamar Abuladze

Tamar abulaZis monawileobiT

Editor: Nestan Chkhikvadze

nestan CxikvaZis redaqciiT

aRniSnuli proeqti ganxorcielda ssip qarTvelologiis, humanitarul

Current project was executed and accomplished by the financial support of

albomSi gamoqveynebuli fotomasalisa da TiToeuli monakveTis raime formiT

winamdebare AalbomSi warmodgenilia xelnawerTa erovnuli centris

xelnawerTa erovnuli centri

qarTuli werilobiTi kulturis saTaveebi.

qarTuli xelnaweri wigni

yobs antikuri xanis saqarTvelos Sesaxeb arsebuli ber-

naTel magaliTs warmoadgens armazis xevSi aRmoCenili

Znuli wyaroebi (apolonios rodoseli, Zv. w. 295-215;

ax. w. II s-iT daTariRebuli orenovani epitafia, romelic

svidas leqsikoni, X s.), romelTa Tanaxmad, jer kidev

samecniero literaturaSi armazis bilingvis saxeliTaa

argonavtebis epoqis kolxeTSi arsebobda tyavze naweri

cnobili. sayuradReboa erTi garemoeba: bilingvis ar-

wignebi. qarTveli mematiane leonti mroveli (XI s.) ki

ameuli anbani Crdilo mesopotamiuri arameulis da-

qarTuli damwerlobis warmoSobas ukavSirebs qarTlis

moukidebel Stos e. w. armazul damwerlobas warmoad-

mefe farnavazs (Zv. w. III s.): `ese farnavaz iyo pirveli

gens. rogorc Cans, swored igi unda yofiliyo qarTlis

mefe qarTlsa Sina qarTlosisa naTesavTagani. aman ga-

saxelmwifo-sakancelario enaca da anbanic. rac Seexeba

navrco ena qarTuli da arRara iZraxeboda sxua ena

ebrauls, igi qarTlSi kompaqturad dasaxlebuli ebrau-

qarTlsa Sina Tnier qarTulisa da aman Seqmna mwigno-

li eTnosis damwerlobas warmoadgenda.

broba qarTuli~. magram qarTuli damwerlobis uZvele-

am anbanuri sistemebis gamoyenebas arc literatu-

si nimuSebi, rogorc zemoTac aRvniSneT, mxolod V sau-

ruli da, Sesabamisad, arc xelnaweri tradicia ar war-

kunidan dasturdeba. maS, ra safuZveli hqonda mematianes

mouSvia. Tumca armazuli damwerlobis arseboba ukve

werilobiTi kulturis dasawyisi CvenSi Zv.w. III saukuniT

migvaniSnebs, rom qarTul saxelmwifo da sazogadoebriv

daeTariRebina? am kiTxvas erTgvarad exmianeba saqarT-

azrovnebas erTi biZgiRa sWirdeboda sakuTari anbanuri

velos teritoriaze mopovebuli arqeologiuri masala,

sistemisa da samwerlobo-dokumenturi kulturis Camo-

romelzec dadasturebulia Zv. w. III ax. w. III sauku-

sayalibeblad. amgvari biZgi qristianoba iyo.

neebiT daTariRebuli berZnuli, arameuli da ebrauli

qarTuli xelnaweri wigni

qristianoba CvenSi aRmosavleTidan movida. isto-

riuli gadmocemis Tanaxmad, moZRvreba qarTvelTa So-

saritualo, aseve sayofacxovrebo nivTebze samkaule-

ris I saukuneSi gaavrceles svimeon kananelma da andria

bze, sabeWdavebze, Tixis, minisa da vercxlis WurWelze,

pirvelwodebulma. unda vifiqroT, mociqulTa Semosvlam

saflavis qvebsa Tu stelebze. es faqtebi savsebiT bune-

Tavdapirvelad Camoayaliba mxolod mcire qristianuli

briv movlenad unda miviCnioT, vinaidan saqarTvelos

Temi, romelic jer kidev ver gansazRvravda qveynis kul-

samxreT kavkasiis qveyanas uZvelesi mWidro kulturuli