Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
1/22/14
9:39 AM
Wireless Standards
ni.com/rf
Digital Cellular
Wireless Connectivity
W-CDMA/HSPA/HSPA+
LTE/LTE-Advanced
Modulation type
Transmission
method/
multiple access
Duplex
FDD, TDD
Channel
bandwidth
QPSK (DL)
16QAM (DL, HSDPA)
64QAM (DL, HSPA+)
Dual BPSK (UL)
16QAM (UL, HSPA+)
CDMA2000 EV-DO
GSM/GPRS/EDGE/EDGE Evolution/VAMOS
CDMA2000 1xRTT
WLAN/WiFi
WLAN/WiFi
Bluetooth
ZigBee
RFID
NFC
Galileo
IEEE 802.11ad
IEEE 802.11ac
IEEE 802.11a, b, g, n
IEEE 802.15.1
IEEE 802.15.4
ISO/IEC 18000
NFC Analog
Specification
ASK, BPSK
BPSK
BPSK
CBOC (6,1)
BPSK (E6)
BPSK, QPSK
DSSS, CSMA/CA
TDMA, FDMA
TDMA, FDMA
CDMA
FDD-CDMA
CDMA
CDMA
GLONASS
GPS
COMPASS
BeiDou-2
QPSK (FL)
HPSK, OQPSK (RL)
BPSK, QPSK,
16QAM, 64QAM
BPSK, QPSK,
16QAM, 64QAM,
256QAM
TDMA, FDMA
TDMA (DL)
CDMA (UL)
CDMA
OFDM
OFDM
OFDM, CSMA/CA
FDD
TDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
TDD, FDD/HFDD
TDD
TDD
TDD
TDD
TDD
TDD
TDD
5 MHz (W-CDMA/HSPA)
10 MHz (HSPA+ (DC-HSDPA, DC-HSUPA))
20 MHz (HSPA+ (four carrier HSDPA))
1.6 MHz
1.25 MHz N
(N = number of channels, max. 15)
1.25 MHz
2.16 GHz
20 MHz, 40 MHz,
80 MHz, 160 MHz
20 MHz (a, b, g)
20 MHz, 40 MHz (n)
Channel spacing:
1 MHz (basic rate,
EDR)
2 MHz (LE)
5 MHz
20.46 MHz
(P-Code)
2.046 MHz
(C/A Code)
24 MHz (E5a)
24 MHz (E5b)
40 MHz (E6)
32.736 MHz (E1)
16 MHz (E2)
LTE Rel-8:
300 Mbit/s (DL, 20 MHz, 64 QAM, 4x4 MIMO)
54 Mbit/s (a, b, g)
<600 Mbit/s (n)
106 kbit/s
212 kbit/s
424 kbit/s
848 kbit/s
106 kbit/s
212 kbit/s
424 kbit/s
50 bit/s
50 bit/s
50 sps (E5a)
250 sps (E5b)
1000 sps (E6)
250 sps (E1)
50 bit/s (E2)
ieee802.org/11
ieee802.org/11
bluetooth.org
ieee802.org/15
zigbee.org
iso.org
iso.org
nfc-forum.org
gps.gov
glonass-ianc.rsa.ru
gsa.europa.eu
beidou.gov.cn
13.56 MHz
L1:
1575.42 MHz
L2:
1227.60 MHz
L5:
1176.45 MHz
L1:
1602 MHz
L2:
1246 MHz
E5a:
1176.45 MHz
E5b:
1207.14 MHz
E6:
1278.75 MHz
E1:
1575.42 MHz
E1:
1589.74 MHz
E2:
1561.10 MHz
E6:
1268.52 MHz
E5b:
1207.14 MHz
Standardization
forums
3gpp.org
globalcertificationforum.org
ptcrb.com
Frequency
range
(E-)UTRA
FDD Bands (in MHz)
1 UL: 1920 to 1980
2 UL: 1850 to 1910
3 UL: 1710 to 1785
4 UL: 1710 to 1755
5 UL: 824 to 849
6 UL: 830 to 840
7 UL: 2500 to 2570
8 UL: 880 to 915
9 UL: 1749.9 to 1784.9
10 UL: 1710 to 1770
11 UL: 1427.9 to 1447.9
12 UL: 699 to 716
13 UL: 777 to 787
14 UL: 788 to 798
15 UL: 1900 to 1920
16 UL: 2010 to 2025
17 UL: 704 to 716
18 UL: 815 to 830
19 UL: 830 to 845
20 UL: 832 to 862
21 UL: 1447.9 to 1462.9
22 UL: 3410 to 3490
23 UL: 2000 to 2020
24 UL: 1626.5 to 1660.5
25 UL: 1850 to 1915
WiMAX Advanced
5 MHz to 20 MHz, optionally 40 MHz
3gpp.org
globalcertificationforum.org
ptcrb.com
3gpp2.org
globalccf.org
GSM 850
ZigBee
GPS L2
BC0
BC1
BC2
BC3
BC4
BC5
BC6
BC7
BC8
BC9
BC10
BC11
BC12
BC13
BC14
BC15
BC16
BC17
BC18
BC19
BC20
BC21
(E-)UTRA Band 12
PCS 1900
(E-)UTRA Band 24
(E-)UTRA Band 9
(E-)UTRA Band 36
BC4
(E-)UTRA Band 33
(E-)UTRA Band 18
(E-)UTRA Band 39
ZigBee
WiMAX (M2500T-01)
(E-)UTRA Band 1
(E-)UTRA Band 3
Galileo E5b
RFID
R-GSM900
(E-)UTRA Band 13
(E-)UTRA Band 4
(E-)UTRA Band 6
Bluetooth
GLONASS L1
E-GSM900
RFID
Band Allocation
COMPASS E5b
P-GSM900
(E-)UTRA Band 25
COMPASS E1
BC6
750
900
1050
1200
1350
ni.com/rf
F3 - 1
G 1G 2
peak
ZL-ZS
ZL+ZS
1+
Z L = Z S 1-
= ||
303 km
15 hr
10 hr
103 km
5 hr
203 km
on
si
er
nv
Co
at t
i l li w
to M
dB m
20 hr
dB
10 8
80
B
10 7
70 d
10 6
60 dB
[dBm]-Paverage[dBm]
1+
1-
) =P
dB
[W]
average
10
Ppeak[W]
64 QAM
40
Crest Factor
256 QAM
Q
PXI
MODULAR
INSTRUMENTATION
30
10 3
3
6.
dB
100
20 d
10.0
10 dB
8.00
3550
Acronyms
Error
Vector
Magnitude
3850
5150
5300
5450
5600
5750
5900
104
(MHz)
105
106
107
108
1xEV-DO = Single Carrier Evolution Data Optimized; 1xRTT = Single Carrier Radio Transmission Technology; 4C = Four Carrier;
With a complete automated test platform for RF and microwave test, National Instruments offers unrivaled measurement
ACLR = Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio; ACPR = Adjacent Channel Power Ratio; AMSL = Above Mean Sea Level; AQPSK = Adaptive QPSK;
ASK = Amplitude Shift Keying; AWS = Advanced Wireless Services; BPSK = Binary PSK; C4FM = Continuous 4 Level FM;
CBOC = Composite Binary Offset Carrier; CCK = Complementary Code Keying; CDMA = Code Division Multiple Access; CQPSK = Compatible QPSK;
CSMA/CA = Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance; D8PSK = Differential 8PSK; DBPSK = Differential BPSK; DC = Dual Carrier;
DCM = Dual Code Modulation; DCS = Digital Cellular System; DECT = Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunication; DL = Downlink;
DPSK = Differential PSK; DQPSK = Differential QPSK; DSSS = Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum; E-GSM = Extended GSM; E-UTRA = Evolved UTRA;
ECMA = European Computer Manufacturers Association; EDGE = Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution; EDR = Enhanced Data Rate;
EPC = Electronic Product Code; EVM = Error Vector Magnitude; FDD = Frequency Division Duplex; FDMA = Frequency Division Multiple Access;
FFI-OFDM = Fixed-Frequency Interleaving OFDM; FHSS = Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum; FL = Forward Link; FSK = Frequency Shift Keying;
GFSK = Gaussian FSK; GLONASS = Global Navigation Satellite System; GMSK = Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying;
GNSS = Global Navigation Satellite System; GPRS = General Packet Radio Service; GPS = Global Positioning System;
ITU = International Telecommunications Union; JTACS = Japan TACS; LCR = Low Chip Rate; LE = Low Energy; LRP = Low Rate Physical Layer;
MRP = Medium Rate Physical Layer; NF = Noise Figure; NFC = Near Field Communication; NI = The Leader in PXI;
OFDM = Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing; OFDMA = Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access; OIP3 = Output Third-Order Intercept Point;
OOK = On-Off Keying; OQPSK = Offset QPSK; P-GSM = Standard or Primary GSM; PAMR = Public Access Mobile Radio;
PBCC = Packet Binary Convolutional Coding; PCS = Personal Communications System; PHY = Physical Layer; PJM = Phase Jitter Modulation;
G Error
Vector
PSK = Phase Shift Keying; QAM = Quadrature Amplitude Modulation; QPSK = Quadrature PSK; RFID = Radio Frequency Identification;
SPS = Samples per Symbol; SQPSK = Spread QPSK; T-GSM = Trunking GSM; TACS = Total Access Communications Systems;
3700
R-GSM = Railway GSM; RL = Reverse Link; SC = Single Carrier; SNR (S/N) = Signal to Noise Ratio; SOFDMA = Scalable OFDMA;
A Complete Offering
Unrivaled Flexibility
UL = Uplink; UTRA = Universal Terrestrial Radio Access; UWB = Ultra Wideband; VAMOS = Voice Services Over Adaptive Multiuser Channels on One Slot;
VST = Vector Signal Transceiver; VSWR = Voltage Standing Wave Ratio; W-CDMA = Wideband CDMA; WHDI = Wireless Home Digital Interface;
WiFi = Wireless Fidelity; WiGig = Wireless Gigabit; WiMAX = Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access; WLAN = Wireless Local Area Network
TD-SCDMA = Time Division Synchronous CDMA; TDD = Time Division Duplex; TDMA = Time Division Multiple Access;
TEDS = TETRA Enhanced Data Service; TETRA = Terrestrial Trunked Radio; TFI-OFDM = Time Frequency Interleaving OFDM; TOI = Third Order Intercept;
8d
3400
LTE = Long Term Evolution; MB-OFDM = Multiband OFDM; MER = Modulation Error Ratio; MIMO = Multiple Input Multiple Output;
NI Global Offices
2850
D Measured
Vector
National Instruments
Corporate Headquarters
2700
HS(D/U)PA = High Speed (Downlink/Uplink) Packet Access; IEEE = Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; IIP3 = Input Third-Order Intercept Point;
F Phase
Error
2550
IMT = International Mobile Telecommunications; ISM Band = Industrial, Scientific and Medical Band; ISO = International Organization for Standardization;
G1
01
F2 - 1
2400
C Measured
Symbol
E Magnitude
Error
7d
Fsys = F1+
kT0 BG
5.
Na+kT0 BG
32 QAM
2250
GSM = Global System for Mobile Communications; HD = High Definition; HFDD = Hybrid FDD; HPSK = Hybrid PSK; HRP = High Rate Physical Layer;
B Ideal
Vector
NF [dB] = 10log(F)
GLONASS
10
A Ideal
Symbol
Orbital
Height
6 dB
Noise
Galileo
GPS
Orbital
Period
50 d
Geostationary
4 .00
Short Circuit
C Purely Resistive
5 dB
P1
3.16
ZL = Load Impedanc e
A Constant
E Inductive
Resistance Circle
F Capacitive
B Constant
Reactance Circle Open Circuit
4 dB
P2
16 QAM
SDR
D Purely Reactive
2 . 51
F = Noise Factor
VST
00
G = Gain of Devic e
2.
8 PSK
VSG
3d
NF = Noise Figure in dB
Impedance
Power [W] = 10
B = Bandwidth, Hz
(Power [dBW]/10)
Smith Chart
Characteristic
20
10
0
10 2 4
-2
0
10 0
-4
10 -2
0
-60
10 -4
-80
10 -6
-100 10 -8
-120 10 -10
10 -12
-140
10 -14
-160 10 -16
0 C = 273.15 K
T 0 (Room Temperature) = 2 9 0 K
QPSK
10
T = Absolute Temperature, K
40
10
VSA
Power Conversion
r = 1 in free space
dB
2d
VNA
60
r = Relative Permittivity
80
= Frequency
1.5
BPSK
Q
2100
NI LabVIEW
1950
1.26
10
1800
1 dB
1.00
10
B
0d
1650
0 dB
dB
100
10
4d
1500
Formulas
Power Ratio
= Wavelength
BC16
BC15
(E-)UTRA Band 5
RFID
BC1
BC12
BC17
RFID
BC21
BC14
BC3
Forward Link
or Downlink
BC13
(E-)UTRA Band 23
COMPASS E2
COMPASS E6
(E-)UTRA Band 10
(E-)UTRA Band 19
(E-)UTRA Band 20
Galileo E1
Galileo E6
GLONASS L2
600
X-rays
BC19
(E-)UTRA Band 43
(E-)UTRA Band 22
Gamma rays
(E-)UTRA Band 7
(E-)UTRA Band 37
BC9
T-GSM810
(E-)UTRA Band 42
(E-)UTRA Band 34
(E-)UTRA Band 2
c
=
r
(E-)UTRA Band 38
Ultraviolet
BC8
Galileo E5a
450
WiMAX (M2300T-01/02)
BC0
GSM 750
Reverse Link
or Uplink
(E-)UTRA Band 41
Infrared
BC18
BC11
(E-)UTRA Band 40
Microwaves
Shortwave Radio
AM Radio
Longwave Radio
RFID
(E-)UTRA Band 8
(E-)UTRA Band 21
(MHz)
(E-)UTRA Band 11
BC5
(MHz)
BC10
(E-)UTRA Band 14
300
GPS L5
BC2
GSM 480
101
DCS 1800
GPS L1
BC20
ZigBee
(E-)UTRA Band 17
10
ieee802.org/11
ieee802.org/16
wimaxforum.org
Visible
Frequency Allocation
GSM 710
GSM 450
10-2 10-1
3 Mbit/s (EDR)
WiMAX Advanced
300 Mbit/s (DL, 20 MHz, 4x4 MIMO)
135 Mbit/s (UL, 20 MHz, 2x4 MIMO)
128 Mbit/s
(DL, 20 MHz, 2x2 MIMO)
56 Mbit/s
(UL, 20 MHz, 2x2 MIMO)
T-GSM 380
Wireless Gigabit
GMSK
8PSK (EDGE)
QPSK, 16QAM, 32QAM (EDGE Evo)
AQPSK (VAMOS)
LTE-Advanced:
DL: 1 Gbit/s
UL: 500 Mbit/s
F=
QPSK, 8PSK
16QAM (HSPA)
64QAM (HSPA+)
GNSS
9 dB
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The information contained in this document is prepared with due care. However, some information contained in this document is merely a possible description of future events. Actual data as well as information regarding current standards may differ from that contained in the statements above. You may use this information exclusively at your own risk. We cannot assume any responsibility or liability whatsoever for the accuracy of the information provided. We can neither assume any responsibility nor liability
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