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CELL PARTS REFERENCE SHEET

Plant Cell

= Membrane Bound

EUKARYOTIC CELL PARTS

Nucleus
Endoplasmic
Reticulum

Ribosomes
Golgi body
(Golgi Apparatus)

Vesicles
Mitochondria

This is where the blueprints for making proteins are stored in large
molecules of DNA. These large packages of DNA are called chromosomes.
This organelle provides many functions including being the factory where
many organelles are synthesized and then distributed around the cell.
These macromolecules direct the synthesis of proteins. Ribosomes give the
rough endoplasmic reticulum its rough appearance.
This is where proteins are modified by adding lipids or carbohydrates and
the packaged into vesicles for transport to their final destination.
Small membrane bound packages that travel into and through cells.
Vesicles are created through the process of endocytosis.
The location of most energy conversions within the cell; this is where food
energy is placed into ATP during cellular respiration.

Vacuole

Extra food and water are stored here inside vacuoles within the cell. Plant
cells have a large central vacuole which maintains their turgor pressure.

Lysosome

These specialized vesicles have digestive enzymes used for breaking apart
molecules of food, digesting invading bacteria and recycling cell parts.

Cytoskeleton

The cytoskeleton is made of long proteins that help the cell keep its shape
and structure.

Cytoplasm

This is the solution which contains all of the cells water, nutrients, and
dissolved gases, and organelles between the nucleus and outer membrane.

Cell Membrane
Flagella and
Cilia

This is the outer boundary of the cell. It maintains a steady balance of

water and nutrients within the cell.
These organelles provide cells with motility. Cilia are hair-like structures
around the surface of the cell and flagella are long, tail-like structures.

PLANT CELL PARTS

Chloroplast
Cell Wall

This organelle absorbs solar energy using chlorophyll molecules and

converts it into chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis.
This rigid structure is made primarily of cellulose and is found outside the
membrane of plant cells. It gives plant cells structure and protection.

PROKARYOTIC CELL PARTS

Prokaryotic cells do NOT contain any of the membrane-bound organelles, but they do contain some
organelles which you need to know.

Ribosomes

Prokaryotic cells make proteins using

ribosomes much like eukaryotic cells.

Cytoskeleton

Provide prokaryotic cells with their shape.

Cell Membrane

Controls what enters and leaves the cells.

Cell Wall

Some prokaryotic cells have a cell wall

made of peptidoglycan.