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SANICO, JASTER MONLOISE B.

August 19, 2016


4-5 MWF H603

DIFFERENT PERIODS OF PHILIPPINE LITERATURE:


PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD (--BC to 1564)
A. Characteristics 1.Based on oral traditions 2.Crude on ideology and
phraseology
B. Literary Forms Oral Literature a. Riddles (bugtong)
battle of wits among participants Tigmo Cebu
Paktakon
Ilonggo Patotdon Bicol b. Proverbs (salawikain) wise sayings that contain
a metaphor used to teach as a food for thought etc. c. Tanaga - a monoriming heptasyllabic quatrain expressing insights and lessonson life is "more
emotionally charged than the terse proverb and thus hasaffinities with the
folk lyric."
2. Folk Songs It is a form of folk lyric which expresses the hopes and
aspirations, the people's lifestyles as well as their loves. These are often
repetitive and sonorous, didactic and naivea. Hele or oyayi lullaby b.
Ambahan (Mangyan) 7-syllable per line poem that are about human
relationships and social entertainment c. Kalusan (Ivatan) - work songs that
depict the livelihood of the peopled. d. Tagay (Cebuano and Waray)
drinking song. e. Kanogan (Cebuano) song of lamentation for the dead
Folk Tales Myths explain how the world was created, how certain animals
possess certain characteristics, why some places have waterfalls, volcanoes,
mountains, flora or fauna. Legends explain the origin of things Why the
Pineapple Has Eyes The Legend of Maria Makiling c. Fables used animal
characters and allegoryd. Fantasti stories deal with underworld characters
such as tiyanak,aswang, kapre and others.
Epics These are
narratives of sustained length based on oral tradition revolving around
supernatural events or heroic deeds (Arsenio Manuel) Examples: Lam-ang
(Ilocano) Hinilawod (Panay) Kudaman (Palawan) Darangen (Maranao)

II. SPANISH COLONIZATION PERIOD (1565 1863)


A. Characteristics 1. It has two distinct classifications: religious and secular.
It introduced Spanish as the medium of communication.
B. Literary Forms 1. Religious Literature - Religious lyrics written by ladino
poets or those versed in both Spanish and Tagalog were included in early
catechism and were used to teach Filipinos the Spanish language. a. Pasyon
long narrative poem about the passion and death of Christ. The most
popular was Ang Mahal na Passion ni Jesu Cristong Panignoon Natin by
Aguino de Belen
b. Senakulo dramatization of the pasyon, it shows the
passion and death of Christ
Secular (non-religious) Literature a.Awit colorful tales of chivalry made for singing and chanting Example: Ibong

SANICO, JASTER MONLOISE B.


August 19, 2016
4-5 MWF H603

Adarna b.Korido metrical tale written in octosyllabic quatrains Example:


Florante at Laura by Francisco Baltazar c. Prose Narratives written to
prescribe proper decorum i. Dialogo
iii. Ejemplo ii.Manual de
Urbanidad iv. tratado Examples: Modesto de Castro's "Pagsusulatan ng
Dalawang Binibini na siUrbana at si Feliza" and Joaquin Tuason's "Ang
Bagong Robinson" (The New Robinson) in 1879.
III. NATIONALISTIC / PROPAGANDA AND REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD
(1864 1896) Characteristics
Planted seeds of nationalism in Filipinos
Language shifted from Spanish to Tagalog 3.Addressed the masses instead of
the intelligentsia
B. Literary Forms 1. Propaganda Literature Reformatory in objective a. Political Essays satires, editorials and news
articles were written to attack and expose the evils of Spanish rule i. Diariong
Tagalog founded by Marcelo del Pilar ii. La Solidaridad whose editor-inchief is Graciano Lopez-Jaena
Political Novels i. Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo Jose Rizals master pieces that paved the way to the
revolution
2.Revolutionary Literature more propagandistic than
literary as it is more violent in nature and demanded complete independence
for the country
a. Political Essays helped inflame the spirit of
revolution. Kalayaan newspaper of the society, edited by Emilio Jacinto b.
Poetry True Decalogue Apolinario Mabini Katapusang Hibik ng Pilipinas
Andres Bonifacio Liwanag at Dilim Emilio Jacinto

IV. AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD (1910 1945)


Period of
Apprenticeship (1910-1930) 1.Filipino Writers imitated English and
American models
2.Poems -- written were amateurish and mushy, which
phrasing and diction is awkward and artificial. a. Short Stories i. Dead Stars
Paz Marquez Benitez ii.The Key Paz Latorena iii. Footnote to Youth Jose
Garcia Villa
b. Novels i. Childe of Sorrow first novel in English, by Zoilo
Galang
B. Period of Emergence (1920-1930)
Highly influenced by
Western literary trends like Romanticism and Realism. a. Short Stories
most prevalent literary form i. Jose Garcia Villa earned the international
title Poet of theCentury
V. JAPANESE OCCUPATION (1942 - 1960) War Years (1942-1944) 1.
Tagalog poets broke away from the Balagtas tradition and instead wrote in
simple language and free verse
2.Fiction prevailed over poetry a.25
Pinakamabuting Maikling Kthang Pilipino (1943) compilation of theshort
story contest by the military government. Suyuan sa Tubigan Macario
Pineda Lupang Tinubuan Narciso Reyes Uhaw ang Tigang na Lupa
Liwayway Arceo B.Period of Maturity and Originality (1945-1960) 1.Bountiful
harvest in poetry, fiction, drama and essay 2.Filipino writers mastered

SANICO, JASTER MONLOISE B.


August 19, 2016
4-5 MWF H603

English and familiarized themselves with diverse techniques 3.Literary


giants appeared a. Palanca Awards for Literature i. Jose Garcia Villa ii. Nick
Joaquin iii. NVM Gonzales iv. Bienvenido Santos v. Gregorio Brillantes vi. Gilda
Cordero Fernando b. National Artist Awards i. Jose Garcia Villa ii. Nick
Joaquian

VI. CONTEMPORARY/MODERN PERIOD (1960 PRESENT)


A.
Characteristics 1.Martial Law repressed and curtailed human rights,
including freedom of the press
2.Writers used symbolisms and allegories
to drive home their message, at the face of heavy censorship
Theater
was used as a vehicle for protest, such as the PETA (Phil. Educational Theater
Association) and UP Theater.
From the eighties onwards, writers continue
to show dynamism and innovation

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