EE 3030

TESTS ON THREE PHASE INDUCTION

MOTORS

INSTRUCTED BY: Ms. P.H.N.S. DE SILVA

NAME
INDEX NO
GROUP
DATE OF PER
DATE OF SUB

: M.N.S Ariyasinghe
: 070035A
: EE 01
: 14 09 2009
:
10 2009

Calculations
Part A
DC Resistance Test

Voltmeter reading

V =5V

Ammeter reading

I =2 A

Therefore per phase stator resistance

r1

5
2 r i= =2.5
2
r 1=1.25

Part B
No Load Test
W=

320+10
=110 W
3

230
V=
=132.79 V
3

Vphase

I =2.2 A

V 2 I 2 W 2
X 1 + X m=
2
I

Figure 1: Effective portion of the equivalent circuit in

no load conditions

132.792 2.22110 2

2.22
X 1 + X m=55.92 -------------------------------- (1)

Part C
Block Rotor Test
V=

68
=39.26 V
3

W=

480+90
=190 W
3

I=8 A

X1+ X

'
2

V 2 I 2W 2

=
I2

39.262 8 21902
82

'
X 1 + X 2 =3.91 --------------------------------- (2)

X 1= X '2 which is rather common in practice and subsequently,

Taking

2 X 1=X '2=3.91
X 1= X '2=

3.91
=1.96
2

X m=55.921.96
53.96

r 1 +R=

W 190
= 2 =2.97
2
I
8

R=2.971.25

R=1.72

r1
Vphase

jX1

jX2

X m + X '2
r =R
Xm

'
2

1.72

53.96+1.96
53.96

Figure 2: Effective part of the circuit under short circuit

conditions
2

1.847

Discussion

1. Calculate stray load losses of the rotor,

Stray losses

= Stator copper loss + Rotor copper loss

Stator copper loss

I r 1

2
= 8 (1.25 3)

= 240 W ---------------------------------- (1)

Rotor copper loss

'

I r 2

2
= 8 ( 1.847 3 )

= 354.624 W -------------------------------- (2)

Stray losses

= (1) + (2)
= 240 + 354.624
= 594.624W

2. Calculate synchronous speed

Ns=

60 f
p

Where Ns is the synchronous speed, f is the frequency and p represents number of pole
pairs
Ns=

60 50
2

= 1500 rpm

3. Why the three phase induction motor speed is is always less than synchronous speed?

As the motor starts its operation the initial frequency of the current in the rotor is
50Hz. Operating at full load this amount will be as low as 1Hz and that is achieved by the
difference in speed between rotor and slip fields. If the rotor was to run synchronously,
which is the speed of the rotating magnetic field; there would be no relative motion
between the rotor and the magnetic field. So no current will be induced and no torque will
be created either. When motor slips from 0 to about 4% the motor torque rises to a
maximum at around 4% slip. That is to say the slip adjusts itself and operate in such a
manner that the slip sufficiently provides torque for the rotor to rotate.
Energy wise there exists another explanation. When energy is supplied not all of it
is going to the rotor. The stator core, leakage inductance and the rotor core itself
consumes small portion of the energy is consumed. Because, not all the energy supplied to
the stator is available to the rotor. The stator core, the leakage inductance and the rotor
core consume quite an amount of energy which is called Reactive Power or Reactive
energy. In Synchronous motors, this is overcome by supplying the reactive power
required, separately from an excitation system. And, thus, a synchronous motor can rotate

at synchronous speed. As this external excitation cannot be given in an induction motors (it would be more appropriate to say, Asynchronous Induction Motor, as Synchronous
Motors are also Induction Motors, in fact) - they can never achieve synchronous speed.