Types of Upper Floors:

Based on materials used for

construction:
Depending upon the materials used for construction and upon the
arrangement of beams, girders etc. for supporting the flooring upper
floors are classified as:
1. R.C.C. Floors
2. Steel joist and stone or precast floors
3. Jack Arch floors (brick and Girder Cement Concrete Floor)
4. Filler Joists Floors
5. Precast Concrete Floors
6. Timber Floors

6.

Timber floors

Found in earlier construction

Costly( Except at those locations where local timber is cheaply
available)
Fire Poor resistance
Highly vulnerable to termite
Light in weight
Sound insulation
Timber floors are basically of three types:
A.
Single Joist Timber Floors
B.
Double Joist Timber floors
C.
Framed or Triple Joist timber Floors

A.

Single Joist Timber Floors

Simple type of timber floor

Used for short span mainly for residential bldgs.
Span up to 4 mt.
For lighter load

Single Joist Timber Floors

The end of the joists are nailed, cogged or notched to the wall plates.
If the joists of adjacent room run in the same direction, they may be
overlapped and nailed to each other.
Planking consists of wooden boards of 4 cm thick and 10 to 15 cm
width, which are fixed to the bridging joists.

B.

Double Joist Floor

Stronger Floors
Used for span between 3.5 to 7.5

Double joist floor

The bridging joist are supported on intermediate wooden support
known as binders
Loads of bridging joist are transferred to the binders and through them
to the end walls
Because of intermediate supports the bridging joist are of smaller
sections
Joist are spaced at 30 cm centres

Double Joist Floor

Spacing of binders is kept at 2 to 3.5.

Binders rest on stone or wooden templates.
To reduce the depth of floors bridging joist are cogged to the binders.
Ends of bridging girders are cut and joint with help of fillers provided
along the two sides of walls.

C.

Triple or framed joist floor

Floor is suitable for spans greater then 7.5 mt.

Intermediate support known as girders are provided for the
binders

Elements for flooring

1.
2.
3.
4.

Floorboards
Bridging joist
Binders
Girders

Triple or framed joist floor

Triple or framed joist floor

Bridging joist supports the floorboards
The binders are staggered and connected to girders to increase the
rigidity of the floor to decrease the overall depth of floors
Sometimes girders are replaced by rolled steel joists

Comparison of all three Timber floors:

Single Joist Timber
Floor

Double Joist Timber

Floor

Triple Joist Timber

Floor

Simple type of timber

floor

Stronger Floors

Very Strong Floor

Span up to 4 meters

Used for span between 3.5

to 7.5 meters

suitable for spans greater

then 7.5 meters.

Element
1. Floorboards
2. Bridging joist

Elements
1. Floorboards
2. Bridging joist
3. Binders

Elements
1. Floorboards
2. Bridging joist
3. Binders
4. Girders